Ebola virus
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AttentionAttention Residents of Residents of
Delhi/NCR Delhi/NCR and and
India at LargeIndia at Large
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Ebola virus reached Apollo Hospita, Delhi Metro Hospital, Faridabad and few Cases found in Bansal Hospital ,NFC. So kindly avoid to visit these Hospitals for any kind of infection. Unfortunately infected patient- Mr. Sreejith- M.Tech, NIT Suratkal, expired today.
Please take precaution against this Virus and spread the awanress.
Friends please eat tulsi leaves to safeguard yourself form virus ebola because this virus directly effected the human immune system so this is a precaution to save you form the Ebola virus.
It is said to be a traditional vaccine for Ebola. Please don’t keep this information to yourself send to all your
contacts. God bless you as share this .
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Ebola Virus
Hemorrhagic Fever
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OutbreaksOutbreaks
1976- First Major Outbreak (ZEBOV)
1976- Sudan (SEBOV)
Occur Sporadically www.cdc.gov for
more information
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Where does Ebola hide?Where does Ebola hide?
2002- Fruit Bats Antibodies against Ebola Ebola Gene sequences in
liver and spleen Fruit bats do not show any
symptoms Best candidate to be the
reservoir More research needs to be
done
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GeographyGeography
The link between human infection by the Ebola virus and their proximity to primates is clear.
-Outbreaks occurred in countries that house 80 percent of the world’s remaining wild gorilla and chimpanzee populations.
- The outbreaks coincided with the outbreaks in wild animals.
- The same distinct viral strains were isolated in animal carcasses and in the bodies of those who handled those carcasses.
- These outbreaks were preceded by an abnormally large death in wild Gorilla populations.
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Clinical Observations Clinical Observations Incubation period: 2-21 days
Stage I (unspecific): -Extreme asthenia (body weakness) -diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, anorexia abdominal pain - headaches - arthralgia (neuralgic pain in joints) - myalgia (muscular pain or tenderness), back pain - mucosal redness of the oral cavity, dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing) - conjunctivitis. - rash all over body except in face
** If the patients don’t recover gradually at this point, there is a high probability that the disease will progress to the second phase, resulting in complications which eventually lead to death (Mupapa et al., 1999).
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Stage II (Specific): - Hemorrhage - neuropsychiatric abnormalities - anuria (the absence of urine formation) - hiccups - tachypnea (rapid breathing).
** Patients who progressed to phase two EHF almost always die. (Ndambi et al., 1999)
Late Complications: -Arthralgia - ocular diseases (ocular pain, photophobia and hyperlacrimation) - hearing loss - unilateral orchitis( inflammation of one or both of the testes) ** These conditions are usually relieved with the treatment of 1% atropine
and steroids
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EpidemiologyEpidemiology
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever was first found in 1976 It struck two countries within that year a. Sudan – in a town called N’zara b. Zaire, now known as the Democratic Republic of
Congo In these two instances the mortality rate was between 50 –90% Following those epidemics, Ebola hit Africa in many other
instances the worst yet being in the year 2000 when it struck Uganda infecting more than 400 people.
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TransmissionTransmission
contracted through contact of any infected individual’s body fluids
Ebola HF prevention poster used in Kikwit outbreak.
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Controlling the spread of Ebola Controlling the spread of Ebola
a. Hospitals must follow precautionary methods, such as: 1. wearing gloves 2. isolating infected individuals 3. practicing nurse barrier techniques 4. proper sterilization and disposal of all equipment b. Burials must be done correctly 1. no washing or touching carcass 2. put into body bags and bury outside city c. Report any questionable illness to officials
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Ebola SubtypesEbola Subtypes
Ebola-Zaire
(ZEBOV) Ebola-Sudan
(SEBOV) Ebola Ivory-Coast
(ICEBOV) Ebola-Reston
(REBOV)
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MOLECULAR STRUCTUREMOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Characterization of the virus– Order: Mononegavirales– Family: Filoviridae– Genus: Ebolavirus– Species: Ebola-Zaire, Ebola-Sudan, Ebola-Cote d-Ivoire, Ebola-
Reston Morphology under electron microscope
– filamentous, enveloped RNA virus– approx. 19 kb in length (1 kb = 1000 RNA bases/nucleotides) or 60-80 nm in diameter– single-stranded, linear, non-segmented– negative-sense RNA (encoded in a 3’ to 5’ direction)– appears to have “spikes” due to glycoprotein on outside membrane
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Structure of Ebola genome and proteins– Transcribed into 8 sub-genomic mRNA proteins: 7
structural and 1 nonstructural– 7 structural proteins:
– nucleoprotein (NP)
– 4 viral/virion proteins (VP35, VP40, VP30, VP24)
– glycoprotein (GP)
– RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L protein)
• NP, VP35, VP30, L protein: required for transcription & replication
• VP40, GP, VP24: associated with the membrane
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Proteins Proteins
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EthicsEthics
Biogeograophical Ethics is defined as motivation based on ideas of right and wrong when dealing with the geographical distribution of animals and plants.
This concept of can be used to explain the world’s shockingly small response to the Ebola Virus.
Because there was little travel to that region by people of more developed countries, there was not much economic drive for a vaccine, treatment, and aid in prevention.
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BioterrorismBioterrorism
Since the September 11 bombings in the United States, the locality of this virus has become less isolated as the threat of bioterrorism looms large.
The Ebola virus is now on the “A” list for hopeful vaccination development.
Experiments have even been formed to show how Ebola can be used as a bioterror agent.
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This platform has been started byThis platform has been started byParveen Kumar Chadha with the vision that Parveen Kumar Chadha with the vision that nobody should suffer the way he has suffered nobody should suffer the way he has suffered because of lack and improper healthcare because of lack and improper healthcare facilities in India. We need lots of funds facilities in India. We need lots of funds manpower etc. to make this vision a reality manpower etc. to make this vision a reality please contact us. Join us as a member for a please contact us. Join us as a member for a noble cause.noble cause.
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Thank you for your Thank you for your attentionattention