TOPIC EBOLA VIRUS

PRESENTED BY

DR. AMIR SOHAIL KHATTAK

B.SC VISION SCIENCES(PICO)

BANNU MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANNU

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION

LIFE CYCLE

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION

MAJOR OUTBREAKS

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

LABORTARY INVESTIGATION

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

POSSIBLE TREATMENT

INTRODUCTION•First identification 1976, Sudan, D.R Congo(Zaire) •Order Mononegavirales, Enveloped,non-segmented, negative strand RNA viruses. approx. 19 kb in length (1 kb = 1000 RNA bases per nucleotides) or 60-80 nm in diameter. “spikes” due to glycoprotein on outside membrane

Family Filoviridae Ebolavirus(1976) Marburgvirus(1967) Cuevavirus (2002)

SPECIES Zaire ebolavirus: 1976, D.R of Congo. Sudan ebolavirus: 1976, Sudan. Bundibugyo ebolavirus: 2007, Uganda. Taї Forest ebolavirus 1994, Ivory Coast Reston ebolavirus: 1989, Philippines.

LIFE CYCLE OF EBOLA VIRUS

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS•Incubation period 8-10 days •Sudden onset of Fever >38.60C •Flu-like symptoms: chills, sore throat •Nausea, vomiting , abdominal pain, diarrhea •chest pain, shortness of breath and cough •Headache, confusion and coma• Rash occurs around day 5 •Hypotension, peripheral edema •Bleeding manifestations develop in >50% (internal/external) •hemorrhage, uncontrolled bleeding and massive GI blood loss•uvietis•Multi-organ dysfunction : kidneys and Liver•Thrombocytopenia and leukopenia•Elevated transaminases ,Reduced albumin

OUTBREAKS

LABORTARY INVESTIGATION

National medical labortary conducts PCR testing for 2 Ebola virus targets:

• Polymerase gene

• Nucleoprotein gene

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Improving living conditions

Avoid contacts with suspected persons

Testing before exporting and importing of goods

Avoid needle stick injury.

Tests before blood transfussion

Post-exposure prophylaxis and vaccines

prenatal care, vaccination

gloves usage during surgery

proper sterilization and disposal of all equipment

isolating infected individuals

TREATMENTNo specific treatment

Antiviral drugs

Terose perfume

Gene therapy-Small interfering RNAs+ Adenosine analogue, inhibits viral RNA polymerase function

Sarepta

Binds to viral RNA and stops replication

PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE