Ebola virus information.pdf

download Ebola virus information.pdf

of 15

Transcript of Ebola virus information.pdf

  • 8/11/2019 Ebola virus information.pdf

    1/15

    Ebola VirusEbola VirusEbola VirusEbola VirusEbola VirusEbola VirusEbola VirusEbola Virus

    Hemorrhagic Fever

  • 8/11/2019 Ebola virus information.pdf

    2/15

    OutbreaksOutbreaks

    1976- First MajorOutbreak (ZEBOV)

    1976- Sudan

    (SEBOV) Occur Sporadically

    www.cdc.gov for

    more information

  • 8/11/2019 Ebola virus information.pdf

    3/15

    Where does Ebola hide?Where does Ebola hide?

    2002- Fruit Bats Antibodies against Ebola

    Ebola Gene sequences in

    Fruit bats do not show any

    symptoms

    Best candidate to be the

    reservoir

    More research needs to be

    done

  • 8/11/2019 Ebola virus information.pdf

    4/15

    GeographyGeography

    The link between human infection by the Ebola virus andtheir proximity to primates is clear.

    -Outbreaks occurred in countries that house 80 percent ofthe worlds remaining wild gorilla and chimpanzee

    .

    - The outbreaks coincided with the outbreaks in wildanimals.

    - The same distinct viral strains were isolated in animalcarcasses and in the bodies of those who handled those

    carcasses.- These outbreaks were preceded by an abnormally largedeath in wild Gorilla populations.

  • 8/11/2019 Ebola virus information.pdf

    5/15

    Clinical ObservationsClinical Observations Incubation period: 2-21 days

    Stage I (unspecific):

    -Extreme asthenia (body weakness)

    -diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, anorexia

    abdominal pain

    - headaches

    - arthralgia (neuralgic pain in joints)- myalgia (muscular pain or tenderness), back pain

    - mucosal redness of the oral cavity, dysphagia (difficulty inswallowing)

    - conjunctivitis.

    - rash all over body except in face

    ** If the patients dont recover gradually at this point, there is a highprobability that the disease will progress to the second phase, resulting incomplications which eventually lead to death (Mupapa et al., 1999).

  • 8/11/2019 Ebola virus information.pdf

    6/15

    Stage II (Specific):

    - Hemorrhage

    - neuropsychiatric abnormalities

    - anuria (the absence of urine formation)

    - hiccups- tachypnea (rapid breathing).

    ** Patients who progressed to phase two EHF almost always die..,

    Late Complications:

    -Arthralgia

    - ocular diseases (ocular pain, photophobia and hyperlacrimation)

    - hearing loss- unilateral orchitis( inflammation of one or both of the testes)

    ** These conditions are usually relieved with the treatment of 1%atropine and steroids

  • 8/11/2019 Ebola virus information.pdf

    7/15

    EpidemiologyEpidemiology Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever was first found in 1976

    It struck two countries within that year a. Sudan in a town called Nzara

    b. Zaire, now known as the Democratic Republic ofCongo

    In these two instances the mortality rate was between50 90%

    Following those epidemics, Ebola hit Africa in many otherinstances the worst yet being in the year 2000 when it

    struck Uganda infecting more than 400 people.

  • 8/11/2019 Ebola virus information.pdf

    8/15

    TransmissionTransmission

    contracted through contact of any infectedindividuals body fluids

    Ebola HF prevention

    poster used in Kikwit

    outbreak.

  • 8/11/2019 Ebola virus information.pdf

    9/15

    Controlling the spread of EbolaControlling the spread of Ebola

    a. Hospitals must follow precautionary methods, such as:1. wearing gloves

    2. isolating infected individuals

    .

    4. proper sterilization and disposal of all equipment

    b. Burials must be done correctly

    1. no washing or touching carcass

    2. put into body bags and bury outside city c. Report any questionable illness to officials

  • 8/11/2019 Ebola virus information.pdf

    10/15

    Ebola SubtypesEbola Subtypes

    Ebola-Zaire(ZEBOV)

    Ebola-Sudan

    (SEBOV)

    Ebola Ivory-Coast

    (ICEBOV)

    Ebola-Reston

    (REBOV)

  • 8/11/2019 Ebola virus information.pdf

    11/15

    MOLECULAR STRUCTUREMOLECULAR STRUCTURE Characterization of the virus

    Order: Mononegavirales Family: Filoviridae

    Genus: Ebolavirus

    Species: Ebola-Zaire, Ebola-Sudan, Ebola-Cote d-Ivoire, Ebola-

    Morphology under electron microscope filamentous, enveloped RNA virus

    approx. 19 kb in length (1 kb = 1000 RNA

    bases/nucleotides) or 60-80 nm in diameter

    single-stranded, linear, non-segmented

    negative-sense RNA (encoded in a 3 to 5 direction)

    appears to have spikes due to glycoprotein on

    outside membrane

  • 8/11/2019 Ebola virus information.pdf

    12/15

    Structure of Ebola genome and proteins

    Transcribed into 8 sub-genomic mRNA proteins: 7

    structural and 1 nonstructural

    7 structural proteins:

    nucleoprotein (NP)

    4 viral/virion proteins (VP35, VP40, VP30, VP24)

    g ycopro e n

    RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L protein)

    NP, VP35, VP30, L protein: required for transcription &

    replication

    VP40, GP, VP24: associated with the membrane

  • 8/11/2019 Ebola virus information.pdf

    13/15

    ProteinsProteins

  • 8/11/2019 Ebola virus information.pdf

    14/15

    EthicsEthics

    Biogeograophical Ethics is defined as motivationbased on ideas of right and wrong when dealingwith the geographical distribution of animals and

    .

    This concept of can be used to explain the worldsshockingly small response to the Ebola Virus.

    Because there was little travel to that region by

    people of more developed countries, there was notmuch economic drive for a vaccine, treatment, andaid in prevention.

  • 8/11/2019 Ebola virus information.pdf

    15/15