Towards a Gendered Political Economy

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Also by Jennifer Roberts

THE END OF THE PROFESSIONS: The Restructuring of Professional Work(editor with Jane Broadbent and Michael Dietrich)

Also by Georgina Waylen

GENDER IN THIRD WORLD POLITICS (editor)

GENDER, POLITICS AND THE STATE (editor with Vicky Randall)

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Towards a GenderedPolitical EconomyEdited by

Joanne CookResearch AssociateDepartment of Sociological StudiesUniversity of Sheffield

Jennifer RobertsLecturer in Health EconomicsUniversity of Sheffield

Georgina WaylenLecturer in PoliticsUniversity of Sheffield

in association withPOLITICAL ECONOMY RESEARCH CENTRE

THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD

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First published in Great Britain 2000 byMACMILLAN PRESS LTDHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and LondonCompanies and representatives throughout the world

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

First published in the United States of America 2000 byST. MARTIN’S PRESS, INC.,Scholarly and Reference Division,175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataToward a gendered political economy / edited by Joanne Cook, Jennifer Roberts,and Georgina Waylen.p. cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Sex role—Economic aspects. 2. Women—Economic conditions. I. Cook,Joanne, 1969– II. Roberts, Jennifer, 1966– III. Waylen, Georgina.

HQ1075 .T69 2000305.3—dc21

99—053563

Chapter 1 © Joanne Cook and Jennifer Roberts 2000Chapter 2 © Georgina Waylen 2000Chapter 8 © Joanne Cook 2000Chapter 3–7 and 9–12 © Macmillan Press Ltd 2000

All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be madewithout written permission.

No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with writtenpermission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the CopyrightLicensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP.

Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable tocriminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordancewith the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustainedforest sources.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 109 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00

ISBN 978-0-333-74872-5 ISBN 978-0-230-37315-0 (eBook)

DOI 10.1057/9780230373150

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2000 978-0-333-74871-8

Contents

List of Tables and Figures vii

Acknowledgements ix

Notes on the Contributors xi

Part I Approaches to Gendered Political Economy

01 Towards a Gendered Political EconomyJoanne Cook and Jennifer Roberts 3

02 Gendered Political Economy and Feminist AnalysisGeorgina Waylen 14

03 Rational Economic Families? Economics, the Familyand the EconomyJane Humphries 39

04 Gender and Family in the Formation of Human CapitalJean Gardiner 61

05 Gender at the Macroeconomic LevelDiane Elson 77

06 Inclusion/Exclusion: the Janus Face of CitizenshipRuth Lister 98

Part II Gendered Political Economy

07 Comparative Perspectives on Gender and Citizenship:Latin America and the Former Socialist StatesMaxine Molyneux 121

08 Flexible Employment – Implications for aGendered Political Economy of CitizenshipJoanne Cook 145

09 The Restructuring of the Gendered Political Economy:Transformations in Women’s EmploymentSylvia Walby 165

10 New Dimensions to Gendered Power Relationsin FamiliesCarol Smart 188

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11 Globalization, Gender and Migration: the Case ofInternational Marriage in JapanNicola Piper 205

12 The Political Economy of Social Reproduction:the Case of Cuba in the 1990sRuth Pearson 226

Index 248

vi Contents

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List of Tables and Figures

Tables

9.1 Female activity rates in the EU12 1991–6 1719.2 The proportion of women workers who work

part time in EU12 1991–6 171

Figures

3.1 Satisfaction levels in husbands’ and wives’ holiday choices 525.1 The circular flow of national income 875.2 The circular flow of output of goods, services and values 90

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Acknowledgements

The editors would like to thank all the participants at the workshopTowards a Gendered Political Economy, organized under the auspices of thePolitical Economy Research Centre (PERC) at the University of Sheffield inSeptember 1997. The ideas emerging from the workshop formed the moti-vation for this book. Grateful thanks are also due to PERC, the RoyalEconomic Society and the British Academy, who provided financial assis-tance for the workshop. We would also like to thank Sylvia McColm, JonBurchell and Claire Annesley for all their creative and administrative helpthroughout the project.

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Notes on the Contributors

Joanne Cook is a researcher on an EU (TSER) funded project on labourmarket participation and social exclusion. She is also currently completingher PhD, which examines the restructuring of social rights using case stud-ies of UK flexible employment and welfare benefits policies. Her recentwork includes the restructuring of citizenship, flexible employment andwelfare benefits policies in the UK and gendered political economy.

Diane Elson is Professor of Development Studies at the University ofManchester. She is currently on secondment at the United Nations, actingas special adviser to the Director of UNFEM. She is the editor of Male Bias inthe Development Process (Manchester University Press, 1995) and of a specialissue of World Development published in 1995 and devoted to ‘Gender,Adjustment and Macroeconomics’. She is currently working on gender andnational budgets as part of an international network.

Jean Gardiner is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Continuing Educationat the University of Leeds. She is a Deputy Director of the Centre forInterdisciplinary Gender Studies. Her research focuses on the dynamicdevelopment of gender relations within labour markets and families.Recent publications include Gender, Care and Economics (Macmillan, 1997).

Jane Humphries has recently moved to Oxford University where she is theReader in Economic History and a Fellow of All Souls College. Much of herrecent research has focused on women’s work and family lives in the pastand in the present. She has also contributed to the feminist critique ofmainstream economics and the development of alternative approaches,and is an editor of the journal Feminist Economics. Recent publicationsinclude Gender and Economics (Edward Elgar, 1995) as editor and TheEconomics of Equal Opportunities (Equal Opportunities Commission, 1995)edited with Jill Rubery.

Ruth Lister is Professor of Social Policy in the Department of SocialSciences, Loughborough University. She is a former Director of the ChildPoverty Action Group and has published widely on poverty, income main-tenance and women’s citizenship. Her latest book is Citizenship: FeministPerspectives (Macmillan, 1997).

Maxine Molyneux is a political sociologist who has published widely onpolitics, policy and development issues from a gender perspective. She iscurrently co-editing with Nikki Craske a book entitled Gender Justice and

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Rights in Latin America. She is a senior Lecturer at the Institute of LatinAmerican Studies, University of London.

Ruth Pearson is Professor of Development Studies at the University ofLeeds. She has considerable experience in research and teaching in genderand development issues and is co-editor of Feminist Visions of Development:Gender, Policy and Analysis (Routledge, 1998).

Nicola Piper is a researcher at the Nordic Institute of Asian Studies,Copenhagen, Denmark. Her interests are international labour migration,race and gender, and she has written Racism, Nationalism and Citizenship –Ethnic Minorities in Britain and Germany (Ashgate, 1998).

Jennifer Roberts is an economist who has recently moved to the School ofHealth and Related Research at the University of Sheffield to work in thefield of health economics. Prior to this she lectured at the University ofLeeds. She has written on a broad range of topics in political economy. Herrecent work concerns the feminization of professional occupations and themeasurement and valuation of health. She is co-editor of the book The Endof the Professions? The Restructuring of Professional Work (Routledge, 1997).

Carol Smart is Professor of Sociology and Director of the Centre forResearch on Family, Kinship and Childhood at the University of Leeds.She is currently working on a number of funded projects on childhood andfrom September 1999 she will be Deputy Director of the ESRC ResearchGroup at Leeds entitled ‘Care, Values and the Future of Welfare’. Recentpublications include Family Fragments? (Polity Press, 1999) with Bren Neale,and The ‘New’ Family? (Sage, 1999) edited with Elizabeth Silva.

Sylvia Walby is Professor of Sociology at the University of Leeds. She wasthe first President of the European Sociological Association and has beenChair of the Women’s Studies Network UK. Her books include: GenderTransformations (Routledge, 1997), Theorising Patriarchy (Blackwell, 1990),Patriarchy at Work (Polity, 1986); Restructuring Place Class and Gender (Sage,1990) and Gender Segregation at Work (Open University Press, 1988). Twoedited collections are in press – New Agendas for Women (Macmillan, 1999)and European Societies: Fission or Fusion (Routledge, 1999).

Georgina Waylen is a Lecturer in Politics at the University of Sheffield.Prior to this she lectured at the Universities of Salford and East Anglia.She has researched and published widely on gender, political economy andpolitics. Her recent publications include Gender in Third World Politics(Lynne Rienner, 1996) and Gender, Politics and the State (Routledge, 1998)co-edited with Vicky Randall. She is currently completing a book onGender, Democratic Consolidation and Economic Reform, arising from researchshe undertook while a visiting Fellow at Stanford University, 1995–6.

xii Notes on the Contributors

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