Introduction to MicroStation 3D

7/27/2019 Introduction to MicroStation 3D

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Introduction to MicroStation 3D Chapter 1

Prepared by Ricky Cheung 1-1

Introduction to MicroStation 3D


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MicroStation 3D Graphics User TrainingTraining Guide


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3D Space Consideration

When we work in 2D, we are drawing in a flat area, which only have X and Y

coordinate to define the position of an element in the design plane.

In 3D environment, it is not a single plane anymore. Depth is being introduced

as the third dimension and it can be imagine as a design cube. It is what we

called the Z coordinate.

The global origin

The global origin is defined in a position of the design cube that all the

coordinates of X, Y and Z are equal to ZERO. This means they all have equal

range of positive and negative coordinates in the three dimensions.

heglobal origin,allhe coordinatesare zero


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The Drawing Coordinate System

The drawing coordinate system of our model are said to beAbsolute which

are related to the pre-set Global Origin and do not change when changing

view. In other words, drawing coordinates are NOT dependent on the view

that you are working in. They are global coordinate system.

This is the 3D design cube of the seed file - seed3d.dgn. The direction of the

axis illustrates the direction of the drawing coordinate system.


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View Coordinate Systems

View Coordinate Systems is view dependent and it is always be X to the right,

Y up the screen and Z out of the screen. It is different to the drawing

coordinate system because they are based on different axis.

In top view, the view coordinate and the drawing coordinate are coincided. In

view coordinate, the values keyed in are relative to a known existing point.

Right-Hand Coordinate System toillustrate Drawing Coordinate Systemand View Coordinate System.

Exercise - Relat ive View Coo rdinate

A 3d line has one endpoint of XY=10,10,10. You are now working on the right

view of the design file. You entered DX=5,10,15. What are the actual drawing

coordinates of the second endpoint?

10

1010


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3D Seed Files

There are numerous 3D seed files that you can use. When create a new

design file in the Create Design File Dialog box, you should pick the select

button and select a 3D seed file before you can start drawing.

In MicroStation/J, the directory of the seed file is

\Bentley\WorkSpace\system\seed

seed3d.dgn This is the seed file you seen in the previous exercise. It has a

3D cube to help you to start drawing in three-dimensional space. You can turn

the label off in the View Attributes dialog box by uncheck the Construction.

3dm.dgn This is exactly the same as the seed3d.dgn except this file is

setup to handle metric units.


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3D view controls

The 3D view control toolbox helps

you to change the view of 3D files.

You can find the 3D view control

under the main pull-down menu

TOOLS> VIEW CONTROL > 3D

The 3D view control toolbox helps

you to view 3D files in

MicroStation. It consists of tools

that allows you to Zoom in/Out,

Change the Perspective view of

your objects. We will learn more

about it later on.


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Zoom In / Out

It allows you to Zoom in / out of a certain part of your design file.

Exerc ise Zoom In/Out

1. Entering Zoom center point

2. Defining the volume of interest

3. Defining the new volume in Front View

4. You should see the new display in front view as a result of zooming in


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Change View Perspective

When a view window displays one of the standard isometric views, it followsthe convention of having parallel surfaces remaining parallel. The parts of the

object that are father away from the viewers eye dont seem smaller. Thesetools allow you to change the view into a true prospective rather than pictorialone.

Exercise Change Perspective

1. Select the change perspective tool2. Select a view (in this case, the isometric view), the data point that

select a view will be specified as the point that you want to move youreye from.

3. Define another data point, which you want to move your eye to.

In MicroStation/J, the new Dynamic display helps you to view the perspective

change instantaneously. To enable the Dynamic Display, check the DynamicDisplay box in the Change View Perspective dialog box.

In some case, you might set the perspective on a view by mistake. Toeliminate the perspective you can:

1. Select the Previous View Button on the view windows toolbar or2. You need to use the Change View Prospective tool. The 1st point

should be near the edge of the view and the 2ndpoint should be nearthe center of the view.

PreviousView


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View Volume and display depth

Display depth Control the display of elements by their depth inthe model in the viewing directions

Front Clipping Plane Front of which elements do not display

Back Clipping Plane Beyond which no element appears.

View Volume Display depth and Window Area combined to be aview volume.

Display depth is equal to the distance between two clipping plane. Clipping

Planes are set to be perpendicular to a particular view. It is useful when we

want to zoom into a complex model and only like to look at a certain VIEWVolume.

Front ClippingPlane

Back ClippingPlane

DisplayDepth


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Exercise - Set the display depth

1. Select the set display depth tool from the 3D view control tool box.

2. Data point on the top view

3. Define the front clipping plane as promoted in the Front View, by datapointing above the cube top. The front clipping plane will display in theisometric view. It will appear dynamically

4. Define the Back clipping plane by data pointing below the top face ofthe cube. You will also see the black clipping plane in the isometricview as well.

To set Display depth of a view, find another view, which is 90 degree to it todefine the Front Clopping Plane and Back Clipping Plane.

First datapoint

Second datapoint


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Active Depth

In each view, we know that the view coordinate is x is positive to the right andY is positive up the screen. This should be enough when we draw in 2D. But

in 3D, we need to know that XY plane located in where on the Z-axis. Thelocation of that XY plane on the Z-axis defines the depth for a view.

You can set an active depth in a view so that when you draw, elements wouldfall onto that defined depth of the Z-axis.

The active depth of a design file should fall between the front clipping planeand the back clipping plane.

In Conclusion,1. Different views can have their own Active Depth individually2. Snapping or Keyin can override the current Active Depth3. You can define a new active depth or display depth whenever you

want.4. To reset the active depth, do a Fit View with Center Active Depth

Checked

Front ClippingPlane

Back ClippingPlane

Active Depth


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Exercise - Active Depth

1. Create a new design file using the seed3d.dgn as seed file and name it as

activedepth.dgn

2. Access to the view attribute dialog box from the pull-down menu SETTING >

VIEW ATTRIBUTE or by pressing CTRL+B.

3. Turn off the constructions so as to turn the display of axis and labels off.

4. Change the Level to 2 and Line Weight to 5

5. Change the Snapping mode to Center and Snap to the cube on the front view.

6. Select the Place Active Point Tool and place a data point there.

You should see the data point we place is located in the bottom

of the cube where the active depth is equal to zero.

7. Now, select the set Active Depth tool from the 3D view toolbar

8. Place a data point on the top view

9. Set the new active depth in the middle of the cube on front view

10. Repeat Step 6 to place more Active point in the design cube.

11. You should notice that those points are place on different depth inside the

cube.


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View Rotation

The depth in 3D environment cannot correctly be seen on a 2D screen. MicroStation

allows you to rotate your view so that you can look at the 3D object in any direction.

Both tools do not rotate the actual object. It just likes moving yourself around it.

There are two different methods for rotating view and they are totally different:

1. Change View Rotation

2. Rotate View

Change View Rotation

In 3D View Control Tool box, you can find the change view rotation command. When

you click on the View Rotation Dialog box with a cube there represents your 3D

object.

Standard Viewoption. You canchange the viewrotation here

The cube hereshowing thecurrent viewrotation

View that youare working on.You can changeat any time

Click to change therotation. Hold to doa speed rotation

Step increment

for degree torotate

View means rotation isaccording to the viewcoordinate system

Drawing meansrotation is based ondrawing coordinatesystem

Apply to makechan es


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Rotate View

The rotate view tool shown up on each view. It resides

on the window view control tool bar where Update view,

Zoom in and Zoom out are there as well. A Simple

rotate view dialog box.

All you need to do is to choose the Method of rotation

and then select the view you want the rotation to be.

EXERCISE

1. Select the rotate view tools, pick the method of rotation

2. Select a view that you want to rotate.

When after the rotation, you cannot see the entire object. Just do a Fit Viewwith Expand Clipping Planes ON.

Dynamic Display

As seen from the previous exercise, the view rotation tool only gives you anoutline of a cube for rotation and sometimes it is pretty hard to see how thereal object look like. The Dynamic Display is being introduced inMicroStation/J to allow user to Dynamically rotate the object real time in thescreen.

To turn the Dynamic Display on, just checked the box Dynamic Display inthe Rotate View dialog box. You are only rotating the view (ie. How the object

is display). The actual object is never moved.


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Questions

Sketch a three-orthographic-view layout as shown and include the following:

a) The Xd-Yd-Zd positive drawing axis orientation in ALL three views.

b) The Xfs-Yfs-Zfs positive screen axis for and in the Front Viewc) The Xls-Yls-Zls for the positive screen axis for and in the Left View.

Then also sketch an

isometric cube as shown,

and label those 3 X-Y-Z

positive axes on the

isometric cube.

If you are working in the Rightview of an object and you start a line with the

key-in of:XY=3,20,0and then key-in the endpoint of the line as

:DX=5,10,15, what will the drawing coordinates of that endpoint be? Includea sketch with the axis and values used to determine the endpoint.

If you are working in the Frontview of an object and you start a line with the

key-in of:XY=5,32,17and then key-in the other endpoint of the line as

:DX=30,12,15, what will the drawing coordinates of that endpoint be?

Include a sketch with the axis and values used to determine the endpoint.

If you are working in the Front view of an object and you start a line with the

key-in of:XY=5,32,17 and then key-in the other endpoint of the line as

:DL=30,12,15, what will the drawing coordinates of that endpoint be?

Include a sketch with the axis and values used to determine the endpoint.

Explain the difference between the Active Depth and the Display Depth. Use a

sketch if needed.

What is the setting in Fit View that helps you see all of the 3D graphics easily?

When youre using the Change View Rotation tool in the 3D View Control tool

box, what is the benefit of this area?

What is a visual cue to the 3D View Control tools that will show you information

but dont actually change any settings?

FL

T

L

T

F


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Auxiliary Coordinate Systems and AccuDraw in 3D Chapter 2


Auxiliary Coordinate Systems and

AccuDraw in 3D


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What is Auxiliary Coordinate System?

Auxiliary Coordinate System (ACS) is another way of controlling the

coordinate used in MicroStation drawing design. ACS allows you to have

more control over the orientation and location of the coordinate system. It lets

you define the origins position and axis orientation.

We can enter the coordinates according to the active ACS and MicroStation

will be able to translate the entered coordinate to the drawing coordinate

system. Unlike the view coordinate system, you can redefine it at any time

you want.

There are three types of ACS coordinate system: Rectangular, Cylindrical and

Spherical.

ACS Triad

The 3D cube inside the seed3d.dgn file helps you to identify the orientation of

your X,Y and Z drawing coordinate. The ACS Triad functions like the cube in

the 3D seed file.

When you are working on a design where you have ACS defined, you can

turn this setting on to see the X,Y and X location. It can be turn on by

checking the box of ACS Triad in the View Attribute dialog box.


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Use of ACS

You can use ACS in a numbers of ways and it is especially useful when you

are trying to start your drawing in 3D.

For example, when you want to draw a line on an inclined plane. It is very

difficult to use drawing coordinate or view coordinate to define. It is where

ACS comes handy in this situation.


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ACS Key-in

There are two keyin that are based on the ACS

Absolute Coordinate = AXRelative Coordinate = AD

ACS Tools and Utilities

There is an ACS toolbox where you can find it in themain menu pull-down TOOLS > AUXILIARYCOORDINATES

You can find more information in the ACS dialog boxwhere you can access from UTILITIES > AUXILIARYCOORDINATES. This menu offers a pull-down menu,which is easier to read then the icon in the toolbar.

ACS origin. ItsACS coordinateis (0,0,0)

Access the ACStools in this pull-down


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ACS Plan Lock and Snap

When dealing with ACS tools, you will often

see ACS Plane Lock and ACS Plan Snap in

the dialog box.

You can see only these two options when you are working in 3D design file. It

affect the placement of data point placement and snapping.

ACS Plane Lock, when on, all the data point are forced to lie on the XY Plane

of the ACS and it makes the Z coordinate in the ACS be zero.

ACS Plane Snap, when on, it will try to find a tentative point where it is only

the XY Plane of the ACS. It will NOT prevent the snapping of other elements.

It is how the ACS Plane Lock works. When on, the data point being place in

will automatically be falls into the XY Plane of the ACS coordinates.

The XY Planeof the ACS ishere.

A Data Point

is being placehere.


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Define ACS

Define by Element

Defining the ACS from an existing element in the

drawing is doing this. The data point identify the

element will be determined as the origin of the

ACS. i.e. The ACS coordinate (0,0,0)

1. Identify an element in design file to define

ACS

2. Snap on a tentative point on the element

where you want it to be the origin of the

ACS coordinate

3. Place a data point to confirm

4. Place another point to accept the selected element.

The origin in the above ACS dialog box is where the ACS origin location in thedrawing coordinate system.


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Define by Point

This is another useful method of defining the ACS. It got more control of how

the ACS will be.

There are three steps to define the ACS by points

1. Define the origin of the ACS

2. Define the positive X axis of the ACS

3. Define the positive Y axis of the ACS

Define by View

This is being use to set the ACS plane back to the same as the drawingplane.

It is being done by :1. Select the define by view ACS tool2. Data point on the Top view of the drawing to confirm that you want it to

align with the view

The ACS is now oriented to the drawing plane but the coordinate is not at(0,0,0) of the drawing coordinate. You can set the ACS origin to it by using the

ACS dialog box and change the number in the origin to (0,0,0).

1

2

3


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Saving an ACS

You can save the origin of ACS so that you can use it later on. It is being done

in the ACS dialog box.

After you have defined an ACS, type a name and a description in the ACS

dialog box and click on the save button. It will then save your ACS origin so

that you can reuse it later on in the drawing.

1. The Name of the ACS should not more than 6 characters.

2. Even if an ACS is defined, you can still draw using the drawing

coordinate and as well the view coordinate.

You can haveone or moreACS saved


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AccuDraw in 3D

In previous example, we saw how ACS is being use. Now AccuDraw provides

you a more accuracy and precision. AccuDraw has its own coordinate system

and when AccuDraw is active data points are constrained on the AccuDraw

XY Plane.

In 3D environment, AccuDraw is more powerful because of its drawing plane

can easily be rotate and reoriented to suit your needs. It can easily be

oriented to the View coordinate System. The good thing is, no matter which

view you are working on, you can always be set to align with a specific view

coordinate.

For Example, if you are working on the isometric view, you can ask AccuDraw

to align to the top view so that the things being drawing are aligned.

1. The AccuDraw compass give you a visual cue as to its drawing planes

origin and orientation

2. The values in the AccuDraw compass are based on the AccuDraw

Drawing Plane and its origin.

3. For AccuDraw shortcut to work correctly, the focus should be in the

AccuDraw dialog.

4. The Change from a Polar Coordinate to Rectangular Coordinate, press

the

Coordinate System Rotation: VIEW

You can align to whatever view you are working on by pressing the

shortcut. It will allow you to rotate the compass to the current position.


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Coordinate System Rotation: TOP, FRONT AND SIDE

The above are an example of how AccuDraw works in 3D environment. We

are drawing in the isometric view of the design file with a place line command.

AccuDraw helps on the rotation of the drawing plane with that specific view. It

can be TOP view, FRONT view and SIDE view.

To align the compass, you can use change it in the AccuDraw setting dialog

box in the SETTING>ACCUDRAW


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AccuDraw and ACS

AccuDraw also has shortcut to save and recall the ACS. This allows you touse AccuDraw and its shortcut to get the AccuDraw coordinate system in the

orientation required and then save it as an ACS.

Rotate ACS

The shortcut in AccuDraw can let you define the AccuDrawcoordinate system in the same method used in Define By Point for aRectangular Type of ACS.

1. Define the Origin2. Define the X-axis3. Define the Y-axis

After you have done all the steps in the above. You should find that thecoordinate system in AccuDraw setting should now change to Auxiliary. Youcan see the new ACS by turn on the ACS triad.

Write ACS

You can use AccuDraw to help you to save an ACSsetting as well. It is just the same as you use theACS dialog box but provide a more convenient way

to save your current ACS coordinate.

is the shortcut to save the ACS in AccuDraw

Get ACS

You can also get your ACS coordinate that savedinto the design file from accessing the shortcut in AccuDraw. But one of thing that youshould know before you use this shortcut is that, the

name of the saved ACS.

1. If Origin is turn off. The AccuDraw origin will not be move to match theACS.

2. If the Rotation is turn on. The AccuDraw drawing plane will be align tomatch the ACS


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Exercise ACS

Place the fist side triangle

1. Create a new design file using the seed file seed3d.dgn

2. Activate AccuDraw

3. Select the Place SmartLine, enter a point in the right view

4. Move the pointer up and to the right, change the compress to Polarmode by pressing the

5. Keyin 1 in the AccuDraw distance field and 70 to the angle. Switch thefield by using the key.

6. Press to rotate the AccuDraw to side rotation, move the pointerdirectly downwards and make sure it is indexed to the y-axis., press to lock the axis.


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7. Snap to the starting point of the first side. Accept to define the length ofthe second side.

8. Snap a second time at the starting point to accept.

9. Accept, Reset.

Place the second side

1. Select the Copy Element tool, identify the triangle in the Right isometricview with a data point

2. Press for a Top rotation, moves the pointer index to X-axis to theright of the AccuDraw origin.

3. Input 1 in the Distance field and Accept, Reset.


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Define an ACS on the model

1. Change the focus to AccuDraw, use the shortcut

2. The first point is to define the x-axis origin. Snapping to the leftmost

vertex in the triangle (Right isometric view), Accept a data point.

3. Define the x-axis direction by placing a second data point in thecorresponding corner on the other triangle.

4. Define the y-axis direction by Snapping to the top vertex of a triangle,accept the data point.


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5. You now have the ACS defined and Its origin is now on the leftmostvertex in triangle.

Placing a block on the model

1. Select the place block tool, use the isometric view to snap a corner ofthe lower front vertex of one triangle, data point on that.

2. Select the upper front corner of another triangle and place a data pointthere.


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Saving the Drawing Plan Coordinate System by Name

1. With AccuDraw shortcut

2. Keyin a Name for the ACS, then click OK.

3. Now, use the AccuDraw shortcut for a Front View rotation.

4. Use shortcut and keyin the name of your previously saved

Name for an ACS.

5. Start to place the element again and you will notice that the element

will now be placed on the ACS plane.


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Questions

What is an Auxiliary Coordinate System? What is its abbreviation?

Name the 3 different methods discussed for defining an Auxiliary Coordinate

System.

Name the key-in that uses the absolute Auxiliary Coordinate System.

Name the key-in that uses the relative Auxiliary Coordinate System.

How do you define the origin of the ACS based on an element?

How many points are involved in a By Points (Rectangular Type) ACS

definition? Name and describe them in order.

In the Auxiliary Coordinate Systems dialog box there are three fields that give thevalues for the Origin of the ACS. What coordinate system do these numbers refer

to?

What is this called? How do you get it to be displayed in a view?

Name the AccuDraw shortcuts that would result in the following compass

orientation while youre working in the Right Isometric view:

A B C

What does the AccuDraw shortcut do? Explain some specific

advantages and disadvantages of using this shortcut.


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3D Modeling Chapter 3


3D Modeling


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What is SmartSolid?

Apart from the new productivity tools found in MicroStation/J, the mainenchantment in 3D is the change from the Surface modeling to Solid

modeling. It uses SmartSolid to represent three-dimensional objects. Previousversion of MicroStation only had surface modeling capabilities. True solidmodeling is found only in the add-on product of MicroStation Modeler.

Functions such as Boolean Operation, extrusions and projections, some partof the basic modeling tools, are included in MicroStation/J.


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Basic Rendering Mode

Wiremesh display Hidden Line display

Filled Hidden Line display Constant shading

Wiremesh displaySimilar to wireframe display all elements are transparent and do not obscure otherelements. Hidden lines are not removed. Curved surfaces are represented by a polygonalmesh this can increase the realism of curved surfaces, although it may also increase theamount of clutter as more lines are displayed for surfaces that would normally be hidden.

Hidden Line display

Only parts of elements that would actually be visible are displayed lines hidden behindobjects are removed. Also called polygon display. Each element is decomposed intopolygons. Hidden line removal takes much longer than wireframe or wiremesh display. In fact,the display time is about the same as other, more realistic, rendering methods.

Filled Hidden Line displaySimilar to Hidden Line display, except the polygons are filled with the element color, creatinga cartoon-like effect that may be useful in some circumstances, especially with hardware thatdisplays a limited number of colors. Also called filled polygon display.

Constant shadingSurfaces are displayed as one or more polygons, each filled with a single (constant) color.

The color is determined by the material definition of the surface and the lighting applied. Thecolor for each polygon is calculated from the element color, material definitions, and lighting.Curved surfaces are decomposed into a mesh of polygons, and appear tiled.The color for each polygon is calculated from the element color and lighting. Curved surfacesare broken down into a mesh of polygons, and appear tiled.


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Some settings that affect SmartSolidSeveral settings control the way in which SmartSolids and SmartSurfaces are treated.

These control both the display and the method for selecting SmartSolids and

SmartSurfaces, as well how they are treated when exported as visible edges.

SmartSolidsThe SmartSolid Settings dialog box (Element menu > SmartSolids) controlsthe default display of SmartSolid elements.

DisplayBy default, SmartSolids and SmartSurfaces are displayed in Wireframedisplay mode. This is the more efficient mode for working with SmartSolids

and SmartSurfaces in a design session. Surfaces display mode should beused only where the design is to be rendered with an earlier version ofMicroStation (pre MicroStation/J).

Surface Rule LinesIn Wireframe (and Surfaces) display mode, curved surfaces are representedboth by their edge lines and a defined number of rule lines. Surface rule linesprovide a visual indication of a surface's curvature.With the default setting of 4, for example, a full cylindrical solid is displayedwith 4 surface rule lines, while the same solid cut in half displays with 2surface rule lines. Planar surfaces, which do not have curvature, arerepresented by their edge boundaries only.


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3D Main Toolbox

The 3D Main Toolbox is location in the pull-down menu TOOLS> 3D MAIN

It consists of four toolboxes that are used with SmartSolids. They are:

1. 3D construct2. 3D Modify3. 3D Primitivies4. 3D Utility.

3D Primitives

There are six basic SmartSolid primitives:

Slab, Sphere, Cylinder, Cone, Torus and Wedge

There are the basic building blocks of your any model. A 3D object can be

creating by using these building blocks and some of the operations such as

union, difference and intersection.

Common Settings

Most of the tools placing the primitives have some

common settings.

Type

The default type is solid. The other option is surface. When we selected the

surface type, the model created will not be a soild model. You are

recommended to leave it as default. The Orthogonal check box should also be

checked before we go further.

3

2

1

4


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Axis

The Axis setting can usually be through of the height of the primitive. Theaxis setting determines which axis of the three-dimensional coordinates

system will be use to corresponding to the primitives axis.

It is very important for the primitive because it actually controls how it will beoriented.

The default Axis is usually Points. If AccuDraw isrunning then you will see the axis set to Points(AccuDraw). Although it is a bit complicated whenusing these two settings. Using AccuDraw in 3Dcertainly has its advantage.

There are a lot of choices for the Axis setting. Theseare all related to 3D space coordinates and eitherDrawing Coordinate or Screen Coordinate.

It should be easier to understand and draw if youuse the drawing X,Y,Z.

If you draw using the Drawing Z as the axis:


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Place Slab

To place a slab, you have to follow these steps

1. Select the Place Slabtool.

2. Enter a data point to define the origin.

When Axis is set to Points, a side of the slab is parallel to the view in

which this data point is entered.

3. Enter a data point to define the length and rotation angle.

If Length is on, this data point defines the rotation angle.

4. Enter a data point to define the width.

If Width is on, this data point accepts the width.

5. Enter a third data point to define the height.

Place Sphere

1. Select thePlace Spheretool.

2. Enter a data point to define the sphere's center.

3. If Radius is off, enter a data point to define the radius.

If Radius is on, this data point accepts the sphere.


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Place Cylinder

1. Select thePlace Cylindertool.

2. Enter a data point to define the

center of the base.

3. Enter a data point to define the

radius.

If Radius is on, this data point

accepts the base.

4. Enter a data point to define the height.

If Height is on, this data point accepts the cylinder.

Place Cone

1. Select thePlace Conetool.

2. Enter a data point to define

the center of the base.

3. Enter a data point to define the base's radius.

If Base Radius is on, this data point accepts the base.

4. Enter a data point to define the height and the top's center.

If Height is on, this data point defines the top's center only. If Orthogonal is

also on, this data point accepts only.

If Orthogonal is on, this data point defines the height only.

5. Enter a data point to define the top radius.

If Top Radius is on, this data point defines the height only.


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Place Tours

A torus involves a circular cross-section that is then revolved about an axis.

1. Select thePlace Torustool.

2. Enter a data point to define

the start point.

3. Enter a data point.

Primary Radius: This data point defines:

Off Center, primary radius, and start angle.

On Just the center and start angle.

4. Enter a data point to complete the torus, as follows:

If these are on: This data point defines:

None Secondary radius and sweep angle.

Secondary Radius Sweep angle.

Angle Secondary radius.Secondary Radius and Angle Direction of the sweep angle rotation.

If the Primary Radius you specify is smaller than the Secondary Radius, theconstrained value will be changed to Primary Radius so that the form of thetorus can maintain.

Angle will be swept in a positive direction


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Place Wedge

The Place wedge primitive is also based on a cross-section that is revolved about an

axis.


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Exercise 3D primitives


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Boolean Operation

Construct Union

Using this command will join two objects into one solid. Please make sure thatthe Keep Original should be set to NONE.

Tool Setting Effect

KeepOriginals

Determines whether or not the original solids are retained afterconstructing the solid.

None If set, none of the original solids are retained.

All If set, all of the original solids are retained.

First If set, the first original solid identified is retained.

Last If set, the last original solid identified is retained.

To construct a union between overlapping solids

1. Use the Element Selectiontool to select the solids.2. Select the Construct Uniontool.

The solids are united into a single solid.

A Slab and A cylinder. Thereare two objects.

After the operation, there is onlyone solid object.


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Construct Difference

Used to construct a solid that is the intersection of two or more overlapping solids.

Typically, you can use this tool to create a solid from the projected front and side

elevations of an object.

Tool Setting Effect

Keep

Originals

Determines whether or not the original solids are retained after

constructing the solid.





To construct a solid at the intersection of overlapping solids

1. Use theElement Selectiontool to select the solids.2. Select the Construct Intersectiontool.

A Slab and A cylinder. Thereare two objects.

After the operation, only theintersection, the cylinder insidethe cube is left


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Construct Difference

Used to subtract the volume of one or more overlapping solids from another solid.

Tool Setting Effect

Keep

Originals

Determines whether or not the original solids are retained after

constructing the solid.





To construct a solid that is the difference between one solid andone or more overlapping solids

1. Select the Construct Differencetool.

2. Identify the solid from which the other solid(s) will be subtracted.

3. Identify the solid to subtract.4. Accept to subtract the second solid from the first.

or

Identify further solids to subtract.

5. Accept to subtract the latter solids from the First.

A Slab and A cylinder.There are two objects.

First select the cylinderand then the slab will

First element is slab thencylinder will result in a


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Export

Visible Edges Design FilesYou can create a visible edges design file a 2D or 3D design file that

contains the edges visible in a 3D view (that is, with those edges that wouldbe hidden, removed).

To export a visible edges design file

1. From the File menu's Export sub-menu, choose Visible Edges.The Export Visible Edges dialog box opens.

2. On the General tab, choose the view from the View option menu.

3. On the General tab, choose Exact from the Method option menu.

4. (Usually recommended) To create a visible edges design file, on the

Output tab, turn Store in Active Design off.

or

To place the visible edges in the active design file, turn Store in Active

Design on.

5. If the visible edges are to be saved in a separate file (that is, Store in

Active Design is off), on the Output tab, set File Dimension to choose ifthe visible edges design file will be 2D or 3D.

6. Adjust other settings as desired.

7. Click the Export button.

The Save Visible Edges Design File As dialog box opens. By default,

the visible edges file is given the same filename as the active design

file but with the suffix .hln.

8. (Optional) Change the filename and/or choose a different directory.9. Click OK.


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Options

There are four

choices here: Trace Edge

Exact

Fast

SmartSolids

Include hidden edges inthe export

This is the result ofinclude hiddenedges

You can customize thelevel, color, and linestyle and line weight ofthe export file.


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Here we can specify thefile dimension of the

output hidden line designfile.

You can export theisometric view of a 3D fileto a 2D hidden line file


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Exercise 3D model using 3D primitives

Try to draw this model using Basic Primitives of Slab, Cone, Cylinder, Torus,Wedge and Sphere and Boolean Operations of Union, Difference andIntersection.


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Questions

State the four tool boxes that are included in the 3D Main toolbox.

Explain in your own words the difference between a SmartSolid and a

surface.

What primitive looks like a bagel? Give an example of what it could beused for (other than a donut).

Give the specific settings required to get a pointed Cone primitive.

What is the direction that the Angle setting of a Wedge is swept throughclockwise or counterclockwise?

Sketch the proportional front, top and right side

orthographic views that would result from thisPlace Slab setting.Label the Length, Width and Height values.

What is the benefit of Hidden Line File? How do you access its dialog box?


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Advanced Modeling and Modification Chapter 4


Advanced Modeling and Modification


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Profile in 3D Construct

Using a unique profile in conjunction with modeling tool such as Extrude and

Revolve can often do more complex models quicker and easier. These tools

found in 3D Construct toolbox require a closed shape for a profile.

Closed Shape Profile

A closed shape profile is needed for the profile that is to be extruded or

revolved. Using SmartLine and being sure that both settings of Join Elements

and Close Element are checked on is the easiest way to get this closed

shape.

3D Construct Toolbox

This toolbox is found in the upper rightcorner of the 3D main toolbox.

TOOLS> 3D MAIN > 3D CONSTRUCT

Extrude

Construct

Revolution Extrude

along path

Shell Solid

Thicken to

Solid


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Extrude

The extrude tool takes the profile and projects it in a straight line

perpendicular to the profile.

ToolSetting

Effect

Type Can be Surface (not capped) or Solid (capped).

OrthogonalIf on, the profile element is extruded orthogonally. If unchecked,

the extrusion will be at an angle to the profile.Distance If on, sets the distance, in working units, the element is extruded.

Spin AngleIf on, sets the spin angle. An extrusion will be twisted about

the point where you select the profile.

X Scale If on, sets the scale factor in the x-direction.

Y Scale If on, sets the scale factor in the y-direction.

KeepProfile

If on, the original profile element is kept in the design.

To extrude a surface or solid

1. Use the Element Selectiontool to selectthe profile element.

2. Select the Extrudetool.3.4. Enter a data point to define the start point.5. Enter a second data point.

Distance Defines extrusion'sOff Distance

On Direction


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Exerc ise Extru de

Using the design file extrude.dgn and try to use the extrude tool on the

following profile. The profile was drawn in Right view.

Try to change the distance to 1

Try to change the Spin Angle to 30

Try to change the X-Scale to 2

Try to change the Y-Scale to 2

Construct Revolution

The construct revolution tool also uses a closed shape to construct the solid.The profile is revolved around an axis so that you get a radically symmetricobject. The orientation of the axis is very important since it determines thefinal object.

ToolSetting

Effect


AxisSets the direction of the axis of revolution. It could be Points,Drawing and View.

Angle Sets the rotation angle. Goes in Positive direction

KeepProfile

If on, the original profile element is kept in the design.

To construct a solid or surface of revolution

1. Select the Construct Revolutiontool.

2. Identify the profile element.3. Enter a data point

If Axis is set to Points, this data pointdefines one point on the axis ofrevolution. Otherwise, this data pointdefines the axis of revolution.

4. If Axis is set to Points, enter a second data point to define another pointon the axis of revolution.

5. Reset to finish.orReturn to step 3 to revolve the same profile element again.


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Exerc ise Revolu t ion

Using the design file revolve.dgn and try to use the extrude tool on the

following profile. The profile was drawn in Right view.

Revolve about Drawing Y

1. Type to Soild

2. Axis to Drawing Y

3. Angle equal to 360

4. Uncheck Keep Profile

Revolve about Drawing Z

1. Type to Soild

2. Axis to Drawing Y

3. Angle equal to 360

4. Uncheck Keep Profile

When you define the axis of revolution, you are defining the distance thatthe axis is away from the profile. This is the radius of revolution. It is agood practice that you snap on a specific point in the profile.


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Extrude along path

The extrude along path use a line string to define a path for the cross-section to be extrude along. This is very useful to laying out pipes.

It can use a closed profile or you can use Circular setting, which lets youconstrain the outside and inside radii.

ToolSetting

Effect


DefinedBy

Circular A tube with a circular cross-section isgenerated.

Profile Surface is constructed by extruding oneelement (the profile) along another element (the path).Orientation of the profile is continually changed tofollow the orientation of the path.

InsideRadius

If on and Defined By is set to Circular, sets the inside radius.

OutsideRadius

If on and Define By is set to Circular, sets the outside radius.

To extrude a circular tube along a path

1. Select the Extrude Along Pathtool.2. In the Tool Settings window, set Defined By to Circular.

3. Identify the path element.4. Accept the path element.

5. If Outside Radius is off, enter a data point to define the outside radius.orIf Outside Radius is on, accept the outside radius.

6. If Insde Radius is off, enter a data point to define the inside radius.orIf Inside Radius is on, accept the inside radius.The extrusion appears.

7. Accept to complete the extrusion.


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Exercise Extrude along path

Use the file extrude_path.dgn

Define by circular

1. Select the Extrude along path tool2. Define by set to: Circular3. Inside Radius to: 0.34. Outside Radius to : 0.5

Define by Profile

1. Select the Extrude along path tool2. Define by set to: Profile3. Select the Path

4. Select the Rectangular Profile5. Data point to accept change


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Shell Solid

Used to create a hollowed out solid having faces of a defined thickness. Oneor more selected faces also may be removed to create an opening.

After selecting, the solid, as you move the screen pointer over the solidthe face nearest the pointer highlights. A data point selects thehighlighted face, which remains highlighted.

You can enter a Reset to deselect an incorrect face. Where a numberof faces have been selected, consecutive Resets will deselect them inthe reverse order (that is, the last face selected is the first facedeselected).

ToolSetting

Effect

ShellOutward

If on, material is added to the outside; the original soliddefines the inside of the walls.

ShellThickness

Sets the wall thickness for the remaining faces.

To construct a shell solid with no faces removed

1. Select the Shell Solidtool.

2. In the Shell Thickness field, key in the desired thickness value.3. If required, turn on Shell Outward.4. Identify the solid.

The solid highlights. Simultaneously, the face nearest the screen

pointer location highlights also.5. Accept, away from the solid, to create the hollowed out shell solid.

Exercise Shell Solid

Use the file shell_solid.dgn.

Select the shell solid tool

Set Shell Thickness to 0.1

Uncheck Shell Outward


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Thicken to Solid

Used to add thickness to an existing surface to create a solid. On identifyingthe solid, an arrow displays showing the distance and direction of thethickening that will be added. If Add To Both Sides is on, arrows display inboth directions. If Thickness is not turned on, then thickening is addedgraphically, with the amount of thickening defined by the screen pointer.

Tool Setting Effect

Add To BothSides

If on, the thickness value is added to both sides of thesurface.

Thickness Sets the thickness value that is added to the surface.

To add thickness to a surface to create a solid

1. Select the Thicken to Solidtool.

2. Turn on Thickness.3. In the Thickness field, enter the value for the thickening.4. If necessary, turn on Add To Both Sides.5. Identify the surface.

The surface highlights. An arrow(s) displays, showing the distance andto which side(s) the thickness will be added.

6. If Add To Both Sides is off, move the pointer, using the arrows as aguide, to select the side for thickening.

7. Accept.

Exercise Thicken Solid

Use the thicken_solid.dgn file

Select the thicken solid tool

Snap on the triangular profile in

Select Add to both sides

Thickness set to 0.05

Accept data point


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3D Modify Toolbox

These tools allow you to modify orremove faces, cut the model or createbasic fillets and chamfers on yourmodel.

Modify Solid

Used to relocate a face of a solid inwards (negative) or outwards (positive)relative to the center of the solid. Direction of movement is normal to theselected face.

ToolSetting

Effect

DistanceIf on, sets the distance that the face is to be modified (moved)relative to the center of the solid.

To modify a face of a solid

1. Select the Modify Solid tool.

2. Turn on Distance.

3. In the Distance field, key in the desired value.4. Identify the solid.

The solid highlights. Simultaneously, the face nearest the screenpointer location highlights also.

5. Identify the face to modify.The face highlights. An arrow displays the direction and distance of themodification, normal to the face.

6. Move the pointer, using the arrow as a guide to define the direction ofthe modification.If Distance is off, the pointer defines both the direction and the distanceof the modification.

7. Accept to modify the face.


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Exercise Modify Solid

Use the file Modify_tool.dgn

1. Select the modify solid tool

2. Pick a face on the solid to modify3. Identify the Distance

1. If the distance is unchecked, a single data point will define both the distance

and the direction.

2. If it is checked, a single data point is needed for defining the direction

Remove Face and Heal

Used to remove an existingface(s) or a feature from a solidand then heal (close) theopening. Additionally, theRemove Logical Faces toggle lets you remove all faces associated with afeature by identifying any one of the feature's surfaces.

For example, with Remove Logical Faces turned on, you can remove all facesthat are associated with:

a cut a solid that has been added to or subtracted from the original a shell solid (returning the solid to its original form with no hollowing

out) a fillet or chamfer

by identifying any one face of the feature.After identifying the solid, as you move the screen pointer over it, the facenearest the pointer highlights. A data point selects the highlighted face, whichremains highlighted.

You can enter a Reset to deselect an incorrect face.Tool

SettingEffect

Method

Defines how faces are selected for removal:

Logical Groups All associated faces are processed. Forexample, a feature such as a cut can be removed byselecting any one face of the feature.

Faces Only selected faces are processed.


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To remove one or more faces from a solid

1. Select the Remove Faces and Healtool.2. From the Method option menu, choose Faces.

3. Identify the solid.The solid highlights. Simultaneously, the face nearest the screenpointer location highlights.

4. Identify the face to remove.The face remains highlighted.

5. Accept to remove the face.

orIdentify further faces to remove.

6. Accept to remove the selected faces.

Exercise Remove Faces and Heal

Use the design file modify_tool2.dgn

1. Select the remove face and heal

tools2. Select the sliding face of the

triangular block


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Cut Solid

Used to place a cut in a solid, using a

cutting profile. Cutting profiles may be

open or closed elements. Open elements

must extend to the edge of the solid.

When an open element is the cutting profile, the identification point for the solid

determines the portion of it that is retained. If Split Solid is on then no material is

removed, the solid is split at the cutting profile.

Tool Setting Effect

CutDirection

Sets the direction of the cut, relative to the cutting profile's Surface

Normal.

Both Both directions from the profile's plane.

Forward Forward from the profile's plane.

Back Back from the profile's plane.

Cut Mode

Sets the limits of the cut.

Through Cuts through all faces of the solid.

Define Depth Cuts into the solid a defined distance.

Cut Depth (Cut Mode set to Define Depth only) Sets the cut's projection distance.

Split SolidIf on, no material is removed from the solid; it is split into two or more

segments.

Keep Profile If on, the original cutting profile remains in the design.

To create a cut in a solid using an element as the profile

1. Select the Cut Solidtool.

2. (Optional) To retain the cut portion, turn on Split Solid.3. Identify the solid to cut.4. Identify the cutting element.

An arrow(s) indicates the direction of the cut.

5. Accept to complete the cut.


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Exercise Cut Solid

Use the file modify_tool3.dgn

Cut Mode Through

1. Select the cut solid tool2. Cut Mode to through3. Select the solid4. Select the hexagon5. Point downwards to accept.

Cut Mode Define Depth

1. Select the cut solid tool2. Cut Mode to Define depth

3. In the Cut Depth, type 0.054. Uncheck Split Solid and Keep Profile.

Exercise - Logical Groups settings of Cut and Heal Solid

Use the finished file in the previousexercise.

1. Select the Cut and Heal Solid tool2. Change the method to Logical

Groups3. Data point on the hexagon

When identify a single face. All the face associated with the hexagon will beselected because of the Logical Groups setting. If the Method is set to face,you have to select each face one by one.


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Fillet Edges

Used to fillet, or round, one or moreedges of a solid, projected surface,or a surface of revolution.

After identifying the solid, as you move the screen pointer over thesolid the edge nearest the pointer highlights. A data point selects thehighlighted edge, which remains highlighted.

You can enter a Reset to deselect an incorrect edge. Where a numberof edges have been selected, consecutive Resets will deselect them inthe reverse order (that is, the last edge selected is the first edgedeselected).

Alternatively, you can deselect any highlighted edge by selecting itagain.

Tool Setting Effect

Radius Defines the radius of the fillet

Select TangentEdges

If on, edges that are tangentially continuous are selectedand rounded in one operation.

To fillet one or more edges of a solid or projected surface

1. Select the Fillet Edgestool.

2. In the Radius field, enter the required radius.3. If required, turn on Select Tangent Edges.4. Identify an edge to fillet.

The solid highlights, with the selected edge highlighted.5. Accept to fillet the edge.

orIdentify further edges to be filleted.

6. Accept to fillet the edges.

Exercise Fillet Edges

Use the file fillet.dgn

1. Select the Fillet Edge tool2. Select the three corner as illustrated3. Accept

Exercise Tangent Edges

Use the file tanget.dgn


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Chamfer Edges

Used to chamfer one or moreedges of a solid, projected surface,or a surface of revolution.

After selecting, the solid, as you move the screen pointer over the solidthe edge nearest the pointer highlights. A data point selects thehighlighted edge, which remains highlighted.

You can enter a Reset to deselect an incorrect edge. Where a numberof edges have been selected, consecutive Resets will deselect them inthe reverse order (that is, the last edge selected is the first edgedeselected).Alternatively, you can deselect any highlighted edge by selecting itagain.

Tool Setting Effect

Distance1/Distance 2

Sets the distances to trim back the faces. If the Lock controlis on, they are constrained to the same value.

Lock control

If on (closed) Distance 1 and Distance 2 are the samevalues.

If off (open) Distance 1 and Distance 2 can bedifferent.

Select TangentEdges

If on, edges that are tangentially continuous are selected androunded in one operation.

Flip DirectionWhere Distance 1 and Distance 2 are different, reverses thedirection of the chamfer and the values that the faces aretrimmed.

To chamfer one or more edges of a solid

1. Select the Chamfer Edgestool.

2. In the Distance 1 and Distance 2 fields, enter the required values.3. If required, turn on Select Tangent Edges.4. Identify an edge to chamfer.

The solid highlights, with the selected edge highlighted.5. Accept to chamfer the edge.

orIdentify further edges to be chamfered.

6. Accept to chamfer the edges.


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Exercise Chamfer Edges

Use the file chamfer.dgn

1. Use the settings as illustrated in the

dialog box.2. Select the highlighted corner3. Accept a data point

Flip Direction

1. Undo the previously completed chamfer.2. Checked the Flip Direction3. Select the highlighted corner4. Accept a data point


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Surface Modeling

Construct Surface by Section or Network

Used to construct a B-spline surface that is transformed between sectionelements, or elements of a network.All section elements must be in the same direction to avoid the resultingsurface from being twisted. Before using Construct Surface by Section orNetwork, use the Change Element Directiontool in the Modify Curves tool boxto change the sections' directions and start points so they are in a similarposition to each other. As a final check, visual aids display each element'sdirection as it is selected.

ToolSetting

Effect

Define By

Sets how the surface is constructed.

Section Transformed between sections (lines, linestrings, arcs, ellipses, complex chains, complex shapes,or B-spline curves). The order in the u-direction is 4. Theorder in the v-direction is determined by the sections.

Network A Gordon surface is constructed, interpolatinga network of elements. Each element in the network's u-direction should intersect all elements in its v-direction,and vice-versa.

ApplySmoothing

If off, the continuities of the constructed surface are those of theinput cross-sections.If on, each input cross-section is approximated by a smooth B-spline curve within the specified Tolerance value, and thesurface is created from the approximation curves.

To construct a B-spline surface by cross-sections

1. Select the Construct Surface by Section or Networktool.

2. In the Tool Settings window, set Define By to Section.3. Identify the sections in the order that the transformation is to follow. (You can Reset

to reject a section.)4. Accept to display the B-spline surface.

5. Accept the B-spline surface.


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Exercise - Construct Surface by Section

Use the file surface1.dgn and turn onONLY level 1

1. Select the Construct Surface bySection tool

2. Select the line string network3. Accept until the last one4. Accept to display the Surface5. Accept to Finish

Construct Skin Surface

Used to construct a B-spline surface bytransforming two elements (sections) alonganother element (the trace). The sections andtrace can be lines, line strings, arcs, ellipses,

complex chains, complex shapes, or B-spline curves.

Tool Setting Effect


Orthogonal If on, each section is rotated to be perpendicular to the trace.

To construct a B-spline surface by skin

1. Place the section elements in theircorrect position (orientation andlocation) on the trace element.

2. Select the Construct Skin Surfacetool.3. Identify the trace.4. Identify the first section.5. Identify the second section.6. Enter a data point to display the B-spline surface.

7. Accept the surface.

Exercise - Construct Skin Surface

Use the file surface1.dgn, turn on only LEVEL 3

1. Select the construct skin surface tool2. Select the path3. Select the first element (circle)4. Select the second element (rectangle)5. Accept Data point


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Construct Helical Surface

Used to construct a helical-shaped B-spline surface by

sweeping a section profile curve along a pre-defined

helix curve. The section profile curve needs to be

placed at one end of the helix curve. Before using this

tool, you must also place a line that represents the axis direction of the helix curve;

only the direction of the line matters.

Tool

SettingEffect

Scale

Section in

X

Sets the factor by which the section profile curve is scaled as it sweeps

along the helix curve in the direction from the starting point of the helix

curve to its center point that is, the radius direction.

ScaleSection in

Y

Sets the factor by which the section profile curve is scaled as it sweepsalong the helix curve in the direction of the helix axis that is, the

height direction.

Spin

Angle

Sets the angle at which the profile is spun as it sweeps along the helix

curve.

To construct a helical-shaped B-spline surface

1. Select the Construct Helical Surfacetool.

2. Identify the trace helix curve.

3. Identify the section profile curve.

4. Identify the line that represents the axis direction of the helix curve.

5. Accept.

The surface is generated and displayed.

6. Accept the surface.

Exercise Construct Helical Surface

Use the file surface1.dgn and turn only Level 5 on

1. Select the construct Helical surface

2. Select the Helix

3. Select the rectangular profile

4. Select the axis line

5. Accept


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Fillet Surfaces

Used to create a 3D fillet between two surfaces (shapes, cones,

extruded surfaces, surfaces of revolution, or B-spline surfaces)

by sweeping an arc of constant radius along the common

intersection curve commonly referred to as a constant radius

rolling ball fillet. The fillet is created in the area pointed to by the surface normals of

both surfaces.

Tool Setting Effect

Truncate

Defines which surface(s) are to be truncated:

Both Both surfaces are trimmed.

Single The first surface identified is trimmed.

None Neither surface is trimmed.

Radius Sets the fillet's radius.

To place a fillet between two surfaces

1. (Optional) Use the Change Normal Directiontool to set the normaldirections for both surfaces.

2. Select the Fillet Surfacestool.

3. From the Truncate option menu, choose a truncating option.4. In the Radius field, key in the required radius.5. Identify the first surface.

The surface normal orientation displays.6. Identify the second surface.

The surface normal orientation displays.

7. Accept to view the fillet.The fillet displays.8. Accept to create the fillet.

Exercise Fillet Surface

Use the file surface1.dgn and turn on level 6 on

1. Select the fillet surface command2. Identify first cylinder3. Identify second cylinder

4. Accept to finish


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Questions

Sketch the results of the four different Boolean operations listed below and

applied to these Slab and Cylinder solid parametric primitives:

a) Unionb) Difference (slab selected first)

c) Difference (cylinder selected first)

d) Intersection

What happens if you choose All for the Keep Profile

setting when performing a Boolean operation?

What type of element works well for the profile needed to construct a Parametric

Revolution or Projection?

Given this Front view profile, sketch a pictorial that would illustrate the following

free-form solids:

a) Projection in the Drawing Y-direction

b) Revolution about the Z-axis

c) Revolution about the X-axis

Explain why there is a Flip direction setting for the Chamfer Edges tool and use a

sketch to illustrate your answer.

Explain the difference between an Extrude and a Revolution.


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Drawing Composition and Section Generation Chapter 5


Drawing Composition and

Section Generation


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What is Drawing Composition?

Drawing Composition automates the creation of drawing sheets, which is

familiar to the draftsperson who draws on paper, except that instead ofredrawing the model's geometry for each view, you attach views of the model

as reference files.

Sheet view The electronic drawing sheet.

Attached view A reference file attachment to the sheet view.

Although drawing sheets can be created with reference file attachment and

manipulation tools, the Drawing Composition dialog box simplifies the processin a number of ways:

An attached view in a sheet view can be any standard (Top, Bottom,

Right, Left, Front, Back, Isometric, or Right Isometric), fitted view or

any saved view of the model. Standard views can be clipped or set to

display only certain levels.

An attached view of the model can be attached in any position at any

scale. Related attached views can be grouped. A group of attached

views can be moved, scaled, or detached, as one. Attached views can

be added to or removed from a group.

A view can be attached by folding an attached view about an

orthogonal axis or a line defined by two data points. A folded view is

automatically aligned and grouped with the attached view from which it

is folded.


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General Procedure To compose a sheet view

The steps for using Drawing Composition in conjunction with a 3D model aresimilar to those used with 2D design file.

Since all standard views including Top, Back, Right Isometric etc. You donthave to get to those steps and saving these views.

1. Create the model.2. Open a sheet view.3. Attach an existing file to use as a border (optional)4. Attach views of model5. Add text or dimensions6. Print the sheet view.

Drawing Composition Dialog box

The Drawing Composition Dialog box can be found in the pull-down menuFILE > DRAWING COMPOSITION.


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Sheet View

Drawing Composition needs asheet view before you can attachviews. When a sheet view is

opened, its special characteristicswill be based on the SheetParameters that have been set inthe Drawing Composition Box.

Open Sheet View

1. From the Sheet Location option menu inthe Drawing Composition dialog box,choose Sheet View.

2. Designate a view as a sheet view asfollows by choosing Open Sheet Viewfrom the Tools menu in the DrawingComposition dialog box.

3. A dialog box will prompt and ask if youwant to turn those levels off other thensheet view

Levels reserved for dimensions and text in sheet views

To ensure that dimensions, text, and so on in the drawing are displayed only

in the sheet views, two levels must be reserved for them.The levels used for text and dimensions in the sheet view are set with the

following controls in the Drawing Composition dialog box.

Sheet Dimension Level Sets the level used for dimensions and text

that is to be displayed only in one sheet view (63 by default).

Sheet Annotation Level Sets the level that is used for any

annotations to be displayed in the drawing sheet (62 by default).


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Levels reserved for the model in the sheet view

Choosing Model Levels from the Settings menu opens the Model Levels

dialog box.

When a view is attached to the drawing sheet, the levels designated in this

dialog box (plus the sheet dimension level) are on in the sheet view and off in

all other views. By default, all levels except the sheet dimension and

annotation levels (1-61) are designated as model levels.

Attach Border


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View Parameters

Hidden Line Setting Dialog box

To attach a standard, fitted view of the model

1. Choose the view (Top, Bottom, Left,

Right, Front, Back, Isometric, or RightIsometric) from the Drawing

Composition dialog box's Tools menu's

Attach Standard sub-menu.

2. Enter a data point to position the view

and attach it to the sheet view.

If you want to scalethe sheet you ordown from the real

To Process the 3Dobjects with HiddenLine Method


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To attach a saved view

1. From the Drawing Composition dialog box's

Tools menu, choose Attach Saved View.

The Select Saved View dialog box opens,

displaying a list of the saved views in the

model.

2. Choose the saved view to attach by selecting

its name and clicking OK.

The Select Saved View dialog box closes

and an outline of the saved view displays.

3. Enter a data point to position the saved view and attach it to the sheet view.

To attach a view by folding it orthogonally

1. From the Drawing Composition dialog box's Tools menu, choose AttachFolded > Orthogonal.

2. Identify an element in an attached view from which to fold the new attached

view.

3. Identify the edge of the attached view about which the new attached view is to

be folded.

4. Enter a data point to position and attach the view.

5. Go back to step 3 to fold another attached view from the same existing

attached view.

or

Reset to finish.

To attach a view by folding it from an attached view

1. From the Drawing Composition dialog box's Tools menu, choose Attach

Folded > About Line.

2. Identify an element in the attached view from which to fold the new attached

view.

3. Enter a data point to define one endpoint of the line about which the new

attached view will be folded.

4. Enter a data point to define the other endpoint of the line and attach the view.

5. Return to step 3 to attach another view.or

Reset to finish.


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Modification of existing attached views

To detach an attached view

1. From the Drawing Composition dialog box's Tools menu, choose Detach >Single.

2. Identify an element in the attached view that is to be detached.

3. Accept the detachment.

To detach a group of attached views

1. From the Drawing Composition dialog box's Tools menu, choose Detach >Group.

2. Identify an element in an attached view within the group to be detached. All

members of the group are outlined.3. Accept the detachment.

To detach all views attached to the sheet view

1. From the Drawing Composition dialog box's Tools menu, choose Detach >

All.

An alert box asks you to confirm that all reference files are to be detached.

2. Click OK.

To move an attached view

1. From the Drawing Composition dialog box's Tools menu, choose Move >

Single.

2. Identify an element in the attached view to be moved.

3. Accept the attached view.

4. Enter a data point to define the origin of the move.

5. Enter a data point to define the destination.

To move a group of attached views

1. From the Drawing Composition dialog box's Tools menu, choose Move >

Group.

2. Identify an element in an attached view within the group to be moved. This

data point also defines the origin of the move.


To move all views attached to the sheet view

1. From the Drawing Composition dialog box's Tools menu, choose Move > All.

2. Enter a data point to define the origin of the move.



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Generate Section Dialog box

Output File

Will default to the active design. If you want a different file then youll need to usethe File pull-down menu.

Flatten Section

This leaves the section boundary created parallel to the cutting plane. If on,the section geometry is flattened to two dimensions along an axisperpendicular to the section plane. This is useful when using a fence to definea section. The section created by a fence is a 3D replica of the elements lyingwithin the fence.

Interactive Positioning

The section boundary elements will automatically be located at the position ofthe cutting plane within the model

Assemble Segments

The elements that make up the section will be joined together as a complexshape.

Tools > Section by View

Section by View > Horizontal

Selects the Construct Section by View

Horizontaltool, which is used to generate

section geometry for all elements that

intersect a horizontal plane perpendicular to

the screen that extends through the view

depth along the z-axis.

Key-in:CONSTRUCT VIEW

HORIZONTAL

Section by View > Vertical

Selects the Construct Section by View

Verticaltool, which is used to generate

section geometry for all elements that intersect a vertical plane perpendicular

to the screen.


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The plane is perpendicular to the screen, and it intersects the data point. The

plane extends throughout the view depth (along the z-axis). It is as tall as the

view window. This tool is the equivalent of drawing a line vertically across the

view and using it with the Construct Section by Projected Elementtool.

Key-in:CONSTRUCT SECTION VIEW VERTICAL

Section by View > Depth

Selects the Construct Section by View Depthtool, which is used to generate

section geometry for all elements that intersect a plane parallel to the screen

at a depth determined by a data point.

Section by Element

Selects the Construct Section by Elementtool, which is used to generate

section geometry for all elements that intersect a closed planar element(shape, ellipse, or complex shape) or 3D element (cone, surface, solid, or B-

spline surface).

Key-in:CONSTRUCT SECTION ELEMENT

Section by Fence

Selects the Construct Section by Fencetool, which is used to generate

section geometry for all elements that intersect or are enclosed by a fence

useful to cut out a section to provide a view of the model's interior. The fence

contents are always clipped; the Fence (Selection) Mode is ignored.Key-in:CONSTRUCT SECTION FENCE

Section by Plane

Selects the Construct Section by Planetool, which is used to generate section

geometry for all elements that a plane defined by three data points.

Key-in:CONSTRUCT SECTION PLANE

Section by Projection > Element

Selects the Construct Section by Projected Elementtool, which is used togenerate section geometry for all elements that intersect the projection of an

element through the view volume along the z-axis.

Key-in:CONSTRUCT SECTION PROJECT ELEMENT

Section by Projection > Line String

Selects the Construct Section by Projected LineStringtool, which is used to

generate section geometry for all elements that intersect the projection of a

line string.

Key-in:CONSTRUCT SECTION PROJECT LINESTRING


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Questions

Explain the relationship between Reference Files and DrawingComposition.

With Drawing Composition, what Modeler Hidden Line setting can now becontrolled independently in attached views?

When attaching a border, what drawing plane should its elements bedrawn in?

Explain the Margin% View Parameters setting and when its value mayneed to be adjusted.

List the threedifferent Hidden Line Removal options, and give a briefexplanation of each.

Explain the recommended order of view attachments for a 3D model thatwill result in the standard conventions of orthographic views. Why is itrecommended?

Name the specific method of view attachment to use for placing auxiliaryviews.

What would cause the inability to snap to elements when dimensioning onattached views in a sheet view layout? State how to correct this problem.

A front view of a model wasattached with the DrawingComposition View Parametersset as shown. Answer thefollowing questions.

a) What would be the scale sizeof the attached front view?

b) Assume Scale Factor = 1. Ifthe actual width of the model

was 8 inches, what would bethe widths dimensionedvalue shown in the front view?

Explain how to open up the Saved Views dialog box.


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Rendering and Visualization Chapter 6


Rendering and Visualization


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Rendering and Visualization Chapter 6


Rendering

Rendering is the process of depicting a 3D model through the display ofshaded surfaces. Rendered views are most effective with a system capable of

displaying 256 or more colors, especially true-color displays.

More Rendering Mode

Phong shading

Phong shading differs from Constant shading and Smooth (Gouraud) shading

in that the color of each pixel is individually

computed useful when high quality is more

important than speed.

Phong shading can be used to display,

Bump maps, and Distance Cueing in the

rendered images.

Phong shading renders more realistic

lighting effects than either the Constant or

Smooth shading methods, particularly if

the light source is close to the object (for

example, to see a spotlight on a wall).

The complexity of computations slows display time considerably. Where

Phong-shaded images are very similar to Smooth-shaded images (that is,

there are no shadows or bump maps) it may not be worth the extra rendering

time.

Ray Tracing

Ray tracing is a photo-realistic rendering method

in which an image is generated by simulating thereflections of light rays in a 3D scene.

In the real world, light rays are emitted by one or

many light sources and reflect off objects until they

finally reach the eye.

On a computer, it is often more efficient to trace

rays from the eye rather than from the light

sources. This can save a significant amount of

time by not following rays from lights to surfacesthat are

Introduction to MicroStation 3D

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