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QUIZ TIME!!!
Clear your desks
No talking or electronics
Raise your hand if you have a question
Put head down when finished
Why is this plant consuming a frog?
What do these words mean?
4 MAIN MACROMOLECULES IN LIVING
ORGANISMS:
MACROmolecules are POLYMERS
• MONOMER is a small molecule that is a single unit
in a much larger molecule
• “MONO” = ONE
• POLYMERS are LARGE MOLECULES made of
MONOMERS (SMALLER MOLECULES) BONDED
together.
• “POLY” = MANY “MER” = molecules
MONOMERSPOLYMERIZATION
POLYMERS
All macromolecules are made up of a small number of elements.
CARBON
PHOSPHOROUS
OXYGEN
SULFUR
NITROGEN
HYDROGEN
Most COMMON ELEMENTS in
LIVING ORGANISMS
*** REMEMBER (“CHiNOPS”)
EC
STRUCTURE OF CARBS
Carbohyrdrates:
Composed of Carbon
Hydrogen and Oxygen
Can be a 5 carbon sugar or
6 carbon sugar
Ribose and
Deoxyribose are 5
carbon sugars
(pentagon)Glucose is 6 carbon sugar (hexagon)
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF
CARBOHYDRATES?
Function: Provides immediate energy
For example: running races
SUGAR!!!!!!
Various types:
Lactose
Fructose
Glucose
Galactose
What
do you
notice?
MONOSACCHARIDE
Monosaccharide = 1 sugar
Decode! Mono means one.
Example: Glucose (sugar): C6H12O6
Plants create Glucose (sugar) during photosynthesis!
DISACCHARIDES &
POLYSACCHARIDES
Disaccharide = 2 sugars
Decode! Di means two units
Polysaccharide = many sugars
Decode! Poly means many units
STRUCTURE OF LIPIDS
Lipids: are made up of 3 fatty acids and 1 Glycerol
What are the monomers of a lipid?
Subunits of Lipids
Draw a simplified version here…
Made up of 3 fatty
acids and 1
glycerol
Fatty Acid
Fatty Acid
Fatty Acid
Glycerol
FUNCTION OF LIPIDS
Lipids:
Found in the cell membrane
Found in fats and oils
Do not dissolve in water
Long term energy
PROTEINS
Structure:
Contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Monomer = Amino Acid
Amino Group:-NH2
Carboxyl Group:-COOH
Side Chain R-Group
STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS
Polymer = protein (also known as a polypeptide)
Each amino acid linked together by a peptide
bond.
Proteins cont.
The sequence of amino acids
determines a protein’s
shape and function.
There are 20 amino acids in
nature, and our body
needs all 20 to work
properly.
9 are ‘essential’ amino
acids that our body
cannot produce,
therefore we must get
them from the food we
eat
FUNCTION OF PROTEINS
1. Growth and repair of cells
2. Control the rate of chemical reactions in your body
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Structure of Nucleic Acids
Contains: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and
phosphorus
Monomer = Nucleotide
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Polymer = Nucleic Acid
Examples: DNA and RNA
RNA=>ribose acid
<=DNAdeoxyribonucleic
acid
FUNCTION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
Stores and transmits genetic (hereditary)
information.
MACROMOLECULES
Answer the following
questions while
watching the video
“CONNECTING WHAT YOU EAT WITH HOW
YOU SLEEP” ARTICLE
1. What were the sleeping patterns of the rats on
the high-fat diet?
2. Describe the relationship between having a
high-fat diet and sleep in humans.
3. What did researchers find regarding calories
consumed and number of hours slept?
4. What is short sleep duration linked to?
HOMEWORK
Read pages 44-48, answer questions 1-5
A-day due: 9/14
B-day due: 9/15
DAY 2
DO NOW
Pickup 2 worksheets and update table of contents
When finished, put all notes away and close your
binders
GUIDED PRACTICE
Procedure for using whiteboards:
Do not write anything on the board other than your
answer.
Only hold up your board when told to do so.
Must come up with your own answer.
Erase the board with paper towel
If you doodle or write other things on the board
you will lose your whiteboard priveleges!
Which molecule is the polymer?
A
B
What is C6H12O6?
GLUCOSE!
What is one function
of a carbohydrate?
What is one function
of a lipid?
What is another
name for sugar?
Write the formula for
a monosaccharide.
What are the two
monomers for a lipid?
Describe what will
happen when you mix
a lipid in water?
What type of
macromolecule would
you use to store
excess energy?
What type of
macromolecule would
you use for energy if
you were running a
race?
Pasta has lots of
starch. Why would a
runner want to eat
pasta before a race?
Why would a bear
want to consume a
high-fat diet before
starting hibernation?
WHAT VOCABULARY WORDS CAN BE USED TO DESCRIBE THIS PICTURE?
(MONOMER VS. POLYMER)
The most important macromolecules in
organisms are made up of smaller units.
Which is the correct pairing of a
macromolecule and its smaller monomer?
A. Carbohydrate - nucleotide
B. Nucleic acid – fatty acid
C. Lipid – monosaccharide
D. Protein - amino acid
WHAT VOCABULARY WORDS CAN BE USED TO DESCRIBE THIS PICTURE?
(MONOMER VS. POLYMER)
C6H12O6
You are analyzing a compound in the
laboratory. You find that it is made up of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of two
hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. How
will you classify the compound?
A. lipid
B. protein
C. carbohydrate
D. nucleic acid
WHICH IS THE MOST IMPORTANT
MACROMOLECULE?
Which macromolecule do you
think is the most important?
Why?
ACTIVITY: CHART
1. CUT OUT PIECES
2. GLUE IN THE
CORRECT BOXES IN
THE TABLE
3. PUT ALL
MATERIALS AWAY
WHEN FINISHED
4. GO BACK TO
SEAT WHEN THE
TIMER GOES OFF
PRACTICE WORKSHEET
Classify each word as a carbohydrate, protein, or lipid. Write C, P, or L next to each blank
1. Starch _______
2. Nucleotide _______
3. RNA ______
4. Unsaturated fat ______
5. Amino acid ______
6. Enzyme ______
7. Wax ______
8. Glucose ______
9. DNA ________
10. Sugar ______
11. Oil ________
12. Saturated fat _______
13. Meat _______
14. Monosaccharides _________
15. Phospholipids ________
PRACTICE WORKSHEET
Identify the specific molecule (using the terms from 1-15 above) from each
description. Some terms may be used more than once.
16. ________________________ provides long-term energy storage for animals
17. ________________________ provides immediate energy
18. ________________________ sex hormones
19. ________________________ one sugar
20. ________________________ speeds up chemical reactions by lowering
activation energy
21. ________________________ forms the cell membrane of all cells
22. ________________________ animal and plant structures
23. ________________________ one sugar
24. _________________________ monomer of protein
25. ________________________ provides long-term energy storage for plants
26. _________________________ steroid that makes up part of the cell membranes
27. _________________________ 3-carbon “backbone” of a fat
28. _________________________ provides short-term energy storage for animals
29. _________________________ many sugars
30. _________________________ forms the cell wall of plants
PRACTICE WORKSHEET
Which specific molecule is each food made of? (Lipid, protein,
carbohydrate)
31. ________ almond
32. ________ beef jerky
33. ________ noodles
34. ________ orange juice
35. ________ cheese
36. ________ wheat
37. ________ bacon
38. ________ egg white
39. ________ table sugar
40. ________ popcorn
EXIT TICKET
No talking or electronics
Keep your eyes on your own paper
Raise your hand if you have a question
Flip paper over, put pencil down when finished
DO NOW: COPY DOWN
TABLE CONTENTS, READ
THROUGH FIRST PAGE OF
LAB AND ANSWER PRE-LAB
QUESTIONS
DAY 3 LAB
SC.912.L.18.1 - Describe the basic molecular structures and
primary functions of the four major categories of biological
macromolecules.
The four macromolecules that make up most biological systems are
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The prefix
macro- means large, so these “large molecules” are found
throughout living things. For instance, the cell wall that
surrounds a plant cell is made of the carbohydrate starch; the cell
membrane that surrounds all living cells is composed of a specific
type of lipid, called a phospholipid; muscles in the bodies of
animals are composed of proteins; and nucleic acids can be found in
the nucleus of plant and animal cells. As you can see, even though
these are “large molecules” they are small in relation to what we
can see with the human eye. In this aligned investigation, you are
going to test for the presence of different macromolecules in foods
that may be consumed in an average daily diet. You will also have
to identify both the structure and the function of these
macromolecules after observing the outcome of each test.
PRE-LAB QUESTIONS
What is the purpose of having distilled water as
one of your test substances?
What macromolecule will we not be testing for in
today’s lab? What is the function of that
macromolecule?
IN THE TABLE BELOW, FILL IN THE FUNCTION OF
EACH OF THE FOUR TYPES OF MACROMOLECULES
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Sample Simple Carbohydrate (+ or
-)
Complex Carbohydrate (+
or -)
Protein
(+ or -)
Lipid
(+ or -)
Distilled Water
Milk
Vegetable Oil
Apple Juice
DATE TABLE - HYPOTHESIS
LAB DIRECTIONS
Sample Simple Carbohydrate (+ or
-)
Complex Carbohydrate (+
or -)
Protein
(+ or -)
Lipid
(+ or -)
Distilled Water - - -Milk + - +
Vegetable Oil - - -Apple Juice + - -
Data Table – Results
POST-LAB QUESTIONS
1. A strong result for a Benedict’s Solution test would be to see the sample turn from blue to dark orange or
brown. If you had an unknown sample that you were testing that turned from blue to brown after heating for 3-
5 minutes, which numbered structure below would you know was found in that sample? __________________
POST-LAB QUESTIONS
1. A strong result for a Sudan III test would be to see the sample turn red and under close examination you would
be able to see the small molecules in which the Sudan III dissolved. If you had an unknown sample that you
were testing that showed a positive reaction after being treated with Sudan III, which of the numbered
structures below would you know was found in that sample? ____________________
POST-LAB QUESTIONS
1. Imagine you had an unknown sample and while completing a test with Iodine, your sample turned from brown
to a dark purple. Which of the boxed structures below would be present in the sample? _______________
2. What is the difference in the two numbered structures below?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
(1) (2)
POST-LAB QUESTIONS
1. In the beginning of the lab, we discussed that the prefix macro- means large. You many also know that
macromolecules are also sometimes called polymers. The prefix poly- means “many” and a polymer is a
molecule that is made up on many smaller parts. The “many smaller parts” that make up a polymer are called
monomers, and the prefix mono- means one. One way in which you can identify the structure of a
macromolecule is to identify the numerous small parts (monomers) that make up the large molecule (polymer).
What is the name of the monomer of a protein? ____________________________. Which of the following
numbered structures below shows the monomer of a protein?
(1) (2)
(3) (4)