RENAISSANCE &

RENAISSANCE

“Rebirth”

Artistic movement in Europe

from 1300-1600

Starts in Italy

New ways of thinking about art

and the world

Revived classical ideas of

Greece and Rome

HUMANISM

Focus on humans and their potential for

achievement

Well-rounded people

Importance of the individual

How was this different from thinking

during the Middle Ages?

WHY ITALY?

Wealthy cities

Florence, Milan, Venice

Trade routes between Europe & Asia went through northern Italy

Wealthy merchants became patrons of the arts

ADVANCES IN THE ARTS

Perspective gives art depth & realism

Bright colors & broad strokes

Large domes for churches

Writers focus on real-life

RENAISSANCE SPREADS

English and French monarchs support the arts

Artistic achievement a source of pride

THE PRINTING PRESS

Johann Gutenberg

Mid-1400s; Germany

Prints complete version of Bible in 1455

500 books in 5 months

THE RENAISSANCE: WAS IT A THING?

Only the upper classes were involved

Most lower and middle class people lived as they

always had

New ideas did not reach the poor

THE REFORMATION

Movement of the 1500s to change the Roman Catholic

Church

Starts in Germany

Protestant Reformation

Questioning of church practices and church corruption

THE GREAT SCHISM

CHURCH CORRUPTION

Church owns 1/5 of all land in Europe

Most Europeans pay taxes to the Church

Selling of indulgences

MARTIN LUTHER

German monk

Concerned about

indulgences

Catholic church a

corruption of the

Christian religion

95 THESES

Bible the only source of religious truth

People do not need clergy to interpret the Bible

Salvation through faith only

CHURCH REACTION

Pope Leo X & HRE

Charles V threaten to

punish if Luther does not

retract

Luther joins with others to

continue his reform efforts

PEACE OF AUGSBURG

CALVINISM

French reformer

Predestination:

Christians can do nothing to

earn salvation

CHURCH OF ENGLAND

King Henry VIII wants a

divorce

Pope will not grant

King starts Church of England

(Anglican)

Rejects power of the pope

COUNTER-REFORMATION

Council of Trent (1545-1563)

Truth comes from Bible &

Church tradition

The Jesuits

Founded by Ignatius of Loyola

(1530s)

Obedience and discipline

Inspired by Thomas Aquinas

COUNTER-REFORMATION

The Inquisition

Court to find and punish those who stray from

Catholic teachings

Intimidate and torture people to confess sins

Pope creates list of banned books to be burned

Outlaws non-Latin translations of Bible

Only clergy allowed to read Bible

CHRISTIANITY SPREADS

Catholic Missionaries

Franciscans – St. Francis of Assisi

Dominicans – Dominic of Osma

LEGACY OF REFORMATION

Religious wars between Catholics

& Protestants

Protestant belief in self-governing

churches

Influence American government