GLOSSARY OF NEPBE’S TERMS BY REFERENCE … · Web viewDIRECCIÓN DE PLANEACIÓN Y EVALUACIÓN...

DIRECCIÓN DE PLANEACIÓN Y EVALUACIÓNCOORDINACIÓN GENERAL DEL PROGRAMA DE INGLÉS “PROGRESS”

COORDINACIÓN ACADÉMICA

NEPBE’s Study Programs Glossary

Cycle 1Terms Definition Page

ascribes…to… (phrasal verb)

• to believe that something was said, written or created by a particular person. After years of research, scholars have finally ascribed this anonymous play to Christopher Marlowe.

5

attain (verb)• to reach or succeed in getting something; to achieve. He has attained the highest grade in his music exams.We need to identify the best ways of attaining our objectives/goals.India attained independence in 1947, after decades of struggle.

5

geared (verb)

• to design or organize something so that it is suitable for a particular purpose, situation or group of people. Most public places are simply not geared to the needs of people with disabilities.The workshops are geared towards helping people to become more employable.These advertisements are geared towards a younger audience.

6

imbue (phrasal verb)• imbue sth/sb with sthto fill something or someone with a particular feeling, quality or idea His poetry is imbued with deep, religious feeling.

7

traits (noun)• a particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behaviour. His sense of humour is one of his better traits.Arrogance is a very unattractive personality/character trait.

8

hinder (verb)• to limit the ability of someone to do something, or to limit the development of something. High winds have hindered firefighters in their efforts to put out the blaze.Her progress certainly hasn't been hindered by her lack of experience.

8

poses (verb)• [T] to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone.The mountain terrain poses particular problems for civil engineers.

8

keen (adjective)

• very interested, eager or wanting (to do) something very much. They were very keen to start work as soon as possible.Joan wanted to go to a movie but I wasn't keen (= I didn't want to go).She's a keen tennis player.She's keen on (playing) tennis.UK My son's mad keen on cycling.He's rather keen on a girl in his school (= he is very attracted to her).

9

sparked (verb)

• to cause the start of something, especially an argument or fighting. This proposal will almost certainly spark another countrywide debate about how to organize the school system.The recent interest rises have sparked new problems for the Government.The visit of the all-white rugby team sparked off (= caused the start of) mass demonstrations.

9

benchmarks (verb)• to measure the quality of something by comparing it with something else of an accepted standard. His reports pointed out that we do not have reliability in the sense of all schools being benchmarked against the best.

9

typographical (adjective) • the style, size and arrangement of the letters in a piece of printing.a typographical error

9

conveyors (noun)• means of transmitting: a person or thing that carries or transmits something, especially news.a conveyor of good tidings. 9

entails (verb)• to make something necessary, or to involve something. Such a large investment inevitably entails some risk.[+ -ing verb] Repairing the roof will entail spending a lot of money.

10

stem (verb)• to stop something unwanted from spreading or increasing. These measures are designed to stem the rise of violent crime.We must take action to stem the tide of resignations.

10


scarce (adjective)• not easy to find or get. Food and clean water were becoming scarce. 11

scarce resources.

get…acquainted (verb)

• be acquainted with something to know or be familiar with something, because you have studied it or have experienced it before. Police said the thieves were obviously well acquainted with the alarm system at the department store.

11

rationale (noun) • the reasons or intentions for a particular set of thoughts or actions. I don't understand the rationale behind the council's housing policy.

12

bear (verb)

• [T] to have or continue to have something. Their baby bears a strong resemblance/an uncanny likeness to its grandfather.[+ two objects] I don't bear them any ill feeling (= I do not continue to be angry with or dislike them).Thank you for your advice, I'll bear it in mind (= will remember and consider it).

12

attained (adjective) • to reach or succeed in getting something; to achieve. 13

bullet (noun) • a symbol, often a small black circle, used in text to show separate things in a list. 14scarcity (noun) • when something is not easy to find or get.

the scarcity of skilled workers.15

farewell (adjective) • when someone says goodbye.a farewell party.

16

aesthetic (adjective) • relating to the enjoyment or study of beauty. The new building has little aesthetic value/appeal.

16

Third Grade /Preschool

intended audience (adjective/noun)

• to have as a plan or purpose with a group of people together in one place.[+ object + to infinitive] I don't think she intended me to hear the remark.The course is intended for an audience of intermediate-level students.It was intended as a compliment, honestly!

22

edible (adjective) • suitable or safe for eating. Only the leaves of the plant are edible.

22

nodding (noun) • to lower and raise the head quickly, as in agreement or acknowledgment.a nod of affirmation.

25

appliances (noun) • a device, machine or piece of equipment, especially an electrical one that is used in the house, such as a cooker or washing machine. electric/domestic/household appliances

29

First Grade /Elementary

textual components (adjective/noun)

• relating to parts which combine with other parts to form something bigger in written or printed materials.television/aircraft/computer components• related to the way in which something has been written. textual analysis

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vignettes (noun)• a short piece of writing, music, acting, etc. which clearly expresses the typical characteristics of something or someone. She wrote several vignettes of small-town life.

33

writing system (adjective/noun)

• [C] a way (method) of writing which can be recognized.We'll have to work out a proper filing system.Under our education system, you're supposed to be able to choose the type of schooling that your child receives.Do you recognise the writing on the envelope?

33

mechanics of writing (noun) • [plural] informal: the way something works or happens (e.g. the writing). He knows a lot about the mechanics of running a school.

33

word formation (adjective/noun)

• [C] the way something (the word) is naturally made or the way it has been arranged. a rock formationcloud formations

33

repertoire (noun)• all the music or plays, etc. that you can do or perform or that you know. The Royal Shakespeare Company also have many modern plays in their repertoire.There is an extensive repertoire of music written for the flute.

33

mother tongue (adjective/noun)

• the first language that you learn when you are a baby, rather than a language learned at school or as an adult.

33

Cycle 1First Grade /Elementary

Terms Definition Page

product (noun)• a/the product of something: a/the result of something. A figure like that is usually the product of many hours spent in the gym.She had a very happy childhood, and I guess her confidence is a product of that.

33

setting (noun)• [C usually singular] the time and the place in which the action of a book, film, play, etc. happens. The play has its setting in a wartime prison camp.a place setting

34

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/place-setting

mobile (noun) • a decoration or work of art which has many parts that move freely in the air, for example hanging from threads.

38

Second Grade /Elementary

stanzas (noun)• In poetry, a stanza is a unit within a larger poem. In modern poetry, the term is often equivalent with strophe. Stanza refers to a grouping of lines, set off by a space, that usually has a set pattern of meter and rhyme, a section of a poem containing a number of verses.

43

graphs (noun)• a picture which shows how two sets of information or variable amounts are related, usually by lines or curves. This graph shows how crime has varied in relationship to unemployment over the last 20 years.

44

rehearse (verb)

• [I or T] to practise a play, a piece of music, etc. in order to prepare it for public performance. The musicians rehearsed (the symphony) for the concert.[Figurative] On her way to her interview she silently rehearsed what she would say. 45

instill (verb)• to put a feeling, idea or principle gradually into someone's mind, so that it has a strong influence on the way they think or behave It is part of a teacher's job to instill confidence in/into his or her students.

45

ad (noun) • informal for an advertisement I often prefer the ads on TV to the actual programmes.

45

roulette (noun) • a game of chance in which a small ball is dropped onto a wheel that is spinning and the players guess in which hole it will finally stop.

46

browse (verb)

• [I] to look through a book or magazine without reading everything, or to walk around a shop looking at several things without intending to buy any of them. I was browsing through fashion magazines to find a new hairstyle."Are you looking for anything in particular, madam?" "No, I'm just browsing."

47

countryside (noun)

• land not in towns, cities or industrial areas, which is either used for farming or left in its natural condition. The countryside around there is lovely.The mansion is set in 90 acres of beautiful, unspoilt countryside.Every summer thousands of people flock to the countryside.

47

acquaintances (noun) • [U] formal knowledge of a subject. Sadly, my acquaintance with Spanish literature is rather limited.

50

flaps (noun)

• additional piece[C] a piece of cloth or other material fixed along one edge, especially used for covering or closing something.a pocket flapa tent flap (= a piece of cloth which acts like a door) A small flap of skin can be seen above the wound.

50

currency (noun) • C or U] the money that is used in a particular country at a particular time foreign currency

52

mistaken (verb)• to be wrong about or to fail to recognize something or someone You can't mistake their house - it's got a bright yellow front door.FORMAL I mistook your signature and thought the letter was from someone else.

56

pitcher (noun)

• UK a large container with a wide round base, straight sides and a narrow opening at the top, used in the past for holding water or another liquid. an earthenware pitcher.• US for jug (CONTAINER) a pitcher of beer/water/lemonade

57


boundless (adjective)• having no limit. boundless optimismShe has boundless energy and enthusiasm.

6

target (adjective) • a language that you are changing spoken or written words into. 6

sought (verb)

• (past simple and past participle of seek)[T] to try to find or get something, especially something which is not a physical object. "Are you actively seeking jobs?" she asked.Hundreds of dissidents are seeking refuge/asylum in the US embassy.

7

threshold (noun)• [C usually singular] the level or point at which you start to experience something, or at which something starts to happen. I have a low/high boredom threshold (= I do/don't feel bored easily).

7

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/seek_1

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/jug_1

His secretary earns £268 a month, well below the threshold for paying tax.

breakthrough (noun)

• any significant or sudden advance, development, achievement, or increase, especially in knowledge, technique or diplomacy, that removes a barrier to progress. a medical breakthroughThe jet engine was a major breakthrough in air transport.

7

layout (noun)• the way that something is arranged. I like the layout of the house.Application forms vary greatly in layout and length.

7

ludic (adjective) • playful in an aimless way.the ludic behavior of kittens.

8

enable (verb)• to make someone able to do something, or to make something possible. [+ to infinitive] Computerization should enable us to cut production costs by half. 8

domain (noun)• an area of interest or an area over which a person has control. She treated the business as her private domain.These documents are in the public domain (= available to everybody).

8

cease (verb)• to stop something. Whether the protests will cease remains to be seen.The company has decided to cease all UK operations after this year.[+ to infinitive] Workplace nurseries will cease to be liable for tax.

8

decoding (gerund)• [I or T] to understand the meaning of a word or phrase in a foreign language in the correct way. Grammatical information helps learners to decode sentences. 8

depriving (gerund)• to take something, especially something necessary or pleasant, away from someone. He claimed that he had been deprived of his freedom/rights.You can't function properly when you're deprived of sleep.

9


9

stem (verb) • to arise or originate. This project stems from last week's lecture.

10

acumen (noun)• skill in making correct decisions and judgments in a particular subject, such as business or politics. She has considerable business/financial acumen.

10

literacy (noun)• the ability to read and write Far more resources are needed to improve adult literacy.• knowledge of a particular subject, or a particular type of knowledge Computer literacy is becoming as essential as the ability to drive a car.

10

scarce (adjective)• not easy to find or get. Food and clean water were becoming scarce.scarce resources

10

acquainted (verb)

• be acquainted with something.to know or be familiar with something, because you have studied it or have experienced it before. Police said the thieves were obviously well acquainted with the alarm system at the department store.

11

pose (verb)• [T] to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty. Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone.The mountain terrain poses particular problems for civil engineers.

11



11

neglected (verb)

• to give not enough care or attention to people or things that are your responsibility. to neglect your appearance/the gardenHe neglects that poor dog - he never takes him for walks or gives him any attention.I'm afraid I've rather neglected my studies this week.

11

bear (verb)

• [T] to have or continue to have something. Their baby bears a strong resemblance/an uncanny likeness to its grandfather.The stone plaque bearing his name was smashed to pieces.On display were boxing gloves which bore Rocky Marciano's signature.[+ two objects] I don't bear them any ill feeling (= I do not continue to be angry with or dislike them).Thank you for your advice, I'll bear it in mind (= will remember and consider it).

11

willing (adjective)• approving describes someone who does their work energetically and enthusiastically. a willing helper 12

bullet (noun) • a symbol, often a small black circle, used in text to show separate things in a list. 13

compulsory (adjective)• If something is compulsory, you must do it because of a rule or law. Swimming was compulsory at my school.Wearing seat belts in cars is compulsory by law.Patients can now be compulsorily detained in hospital only under tightly drawn criteria.

14

scarcity (noun) • when something is not easy to find or get. the scarcity of skilled workers

14

acquaintances (noun) • [U] formal knowledge of a subject. Sadly, my acquaintance with Spanish literature is rather limited.

15

Third Grade /Elementaryglances (noun) • a quick short look.

She took/cast a glance at her watch.18

phonic (adjective) • relating to sounds in a particular language or in languages generally. 18

syntactic (adjective) • the grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence. 18

semantic (adjective) • connected with the meanings of words. 18

complies (verb)• to act according to an order, set of rules or request. He's been ordered to have the dog destroyed because it's dangerous, but he refuses to comply.There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations.

18

spelling conventions(adjective/noun)

• [C] a common way of showing how to form words with the correct letters in the correct order, or the ability to do this. He's hopeless at spelling.My computer has a program which corrects my spelling.Your essay is full of spelling mistakes/errors.

18

stanzas (noun)• In poetry, a stanza is a unit within a larger poem. In modern poetry, the term is often equivalent with strophe. Stanza refers to a grouping of lines, set off by a space, that usually has a set pattern of meter and rhyme, a section of a poem containing a number of verses.

19

pitch (noun)• [C or U] the level or degree of something. The piano and organ were tuned to the same pitch (= note).If you teach children and adults in the same class, it's difficult to get the pitch (= level of difficulty or interest) right.

19

consonant cluster (adjective/noun)

• a group of similar speech sounds or letters of the alphabet, which are not vowels, that are close together.

19

rattle (noun)• [C] a toy which makes a noise like a series of knocks (a sudden short noise made when someone or something hits a surface, e.g. knock at the door.)The baby was waving around a plastic rattle.

21

Cycle 2Third Grade /Elementary


drum (noun)• a musical instrument, especially one made from a skin stretched over the end of a hollow tube or bowl, played by hitting with the hand or a stick. a bass/snare/kettle drumThey danced to the beat of the drums (= sound of the drums being hit).

21

visual aid (adjective/noun) • something that you are shown, such as a picture, film or map, in order to help you understand or remember information.

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21

stress (noun)

• [C or U] when a word or syllable is pronounced with greater force than other words in the same sentence or other syllables in the same word. The meaning of a sentence often depends on stress and intonation.When 'insert' is a verb, the stress is on the second syllable, but when it is a noun, the stress is on the first syllable.

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21

suitable (adjective)• acceptable or right for someone or something. The film is suitable for children.My mother doesn't like me wearing short skirts to church - she doesn't think they're suitable.

21

semantic fields (adjective/noun)

• [C] the area of activity or interest related to the study of meanings in a language. The information is organized in different semantic fields (= what the words mean). 21

clusters (noun)• a group of similar things that are close together, sometimes surrounding something. Have a look at the cluster of galaxies in this photograph.There was a cluster of fans around him, asking for autographs.

21

means (noun) • something that you do because it will help you to achieve something else. I didn't particularly like the job - it was just a means to an end.

21

draft (noun)• [C] a piece of text, a formal suggestion or a drawing in its original state, often containing the main ideas and intentions but not the developed form. This is only a rough draft - the finished article will have pictures as well.She asked me to check the (first) draft of her proposal.

21

acquaintance (noun) • [U] formal knowledge of a subject. Sadly, my acquaintance with Spanish literature is rather limited.

22

chronological (adjective) • the order in which a series of events happened, or a list or explanation of these events in the order in which they happened. Give me the dates in chronological order.

22

dashes (noun) • [C] the - punctuation mark that can be used to separate parts of a sentence. 22

avoidance (noun)• the practice of avoiding something (to stay away from something, or prevent something from happening or not allow yourself to do something).The avoidance of injury is critical to a professional athlete.

22

distort (verb)• to change something from its usual, original, natural or intended meaning, condition or shape. My original statement has been completely distorted by the media. 22

fit (verb)• [T] to be suitable for something. With her qualifications, she should fit the job perfectly.Let the punishment fit the crime.

24

coordinated (adjective) • (Grammar) of the same rank in grammatical construction. the phrase Jack and Jill the sentence He got up and shook hands.

27

subordinated (adjective)• (Grammar) relying on, or subject to, something else for support; not able to exist, or sustain itself, or to perform anything, without the will, power, or aid of something else.acting as a modifier, as when I finished, which is subordinate to They were glad in They were glad when I finished.

27

Cycle 2Third Grade /Elementary


proposals (noun)• a suggestion, sometimes a written one. Congress has rejected the latest economic proposal put forward by the president.Have you read Steve's proposals for the new project?

30

advertisements (noun)• (informal ad, UK also informal advert) a picture, short film, song, etc. which tries to persuade people to buy a product or service. a television/newspaper advertisement for a new carShe scanned the job/property advertisements in the paper.

31

font (noun) • a set of letters and symbols in a particular design and size. 31

jumbled up (adjective)• to be mixed in a confused or disordered manner.She jumbles the words when she is supposed to write a sentence.The contest editor has jumbled the letters of some common words.

31

slogan (noun)• a short easily remembered phrase, especially one used to advertise an idea or a product. an advertising slogana campaign slogan

31

declarative (adjective)

• In grammar, the kind of sentence that makes a statement or “declares” something (information, facts, details, incidents or opinions) in contrast to a command, a question, or an exclamation. A declarative sentence ends with a period.My teacher is nice. The man died. He eats yogurt.

31

• [U] mainly UK (US usually mail) letters and parcels that are delivered to homes or places of work. I'd been away for a few days so I had a lot of post waiting for me.

http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/periodterm.htm

http://grammar.about.com/od/e/g/exclamsent7term.htm

http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/interrogterm.htm

http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/impersent09.htm

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/grammar

post (noun) Unless it's marked 'private', my secretary usually opens my post.Has the post come/arrived yet?

31

draft (noun)• [C] a piece of text, a formal suggestion or a drawing in its original state, often containing the main ideas and intentions but not the developed form. This is only a rough draft - the finished article will have pictures as well.She asked me to check the (first) draft of her proposal.

31

Fourth Grade /Elementary

colloquial (adjective)• (of words and expressions) informal and more suitable for use in speech than in writing. colloquial speech 34

concerns (noun)

• [C or U] something that is important to you, or when something is important [+ to infinitive] His concern to appear sophisticated amused everyone.The company's sole concern is to ensure the safety of its employees.There's a matter of some concern that I have to discuss with you.• [C or U] something that involves or affects you or is important to you. What were the major concerns of the writers from this period?I don't want to hear about it - it's no concern of mine!"What's happening?" "That's none of/not any of your concern."

34

brochure (noun) • a type of small magazine that contains pictures and information on a product or a company. 35

record (verb)

• to keep information for the future, by writing it down or storing it on a computer. She records everything that happens to her in her diary. [+ that] In his journal, Captain Scott recorded that he and his companions were weakened by lack of food.

37

time units (adjective/noun)

• [S or U] a particular period of seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, etc. for which something has been happening, or which is needed for something, or which is available for something. During her time in office, the Prime Minister introduced a large number of changes.I only worked there for a short period of time.

37

contextual (adjective)

• [formal or specialized] related to the context of something (the text or speech that comes immediately before and after a particular phrase or piece of text and helps to explain its meaning). It's impossible to understand the nuances of an isolated word without some contextual clues. 37

Cycle 2Fourth Grade /Elementary


conventionality (noun)• a usual or accepted way, something traditional and ordinary. conventional behaviour/attitudes/clothesconventional medicine/farming

37

infer (verb)• to form an opinion or guess that something is true because of the information that you have. What do you infer from her refusal?[+ that] I inferred from her expression that she wanted to leave.

38

interlocutors (noun) • [C] formal someone who is involved in a conversation.

38

phonological (adjective) • the study of sounds in a particular language or in languages generally 38

farewell (adjective)• related to people saying goodbye. We said our sad farewells and got on the bus.He bid us both a fond (= affectionate) farewell.

38

upper and lower-case letters (adjective/noun)

• capital (uppercase) and small or “common” (lowercase) letters of the alphabet.an uppercase “A”the lowercase “a”

38

decks (noun) • (also pack) mainly US: a set of cards used for playing card games. a new deck of cards

39

contest (noun)• a competition to do better than other people, usually in which prizes are given. a dance/sports contestShe's won a lot of beauty contests.

40

copulative (adjective)• In linguistics, also called a "passive verb" or "linking verb", is a word used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate (a subject complement or an adverbial). Syntactically connecting two elements of a sentence.a copulative verb.

41

leading (adjective)• very important or most important.a leading expert on the country's ecology 44

the world's leading manufacturer of audio equipmentsupporting (adjective) • not the most important actor, part, or role in a film or play.

She had a small supporting part in the play.44

definite article (adjective/noun)

• the grammatical name for the word 'the' in English, or the words in other languages which have a similar use.

44

indefinite article (adjective/noun)

• the grammatical name for the words 'a' and 'an' in English or words in other languages which have a similar use.

44

artwork (noun)• the pieces of art, such as drawings and photographs, that are used in books, newspapers and magazines. All the artwork in the book has been done by the author.

44

features (noun)• [C] a typical quality or an important part of something. The town's main features are its beautiful mosque and ancient marketplace.Our latest model of phone has several new features.A unique feature of these rock shelters was that they were dry.

45

metamorphosis (noun)• [C] a complete change. Under the new editor, the magazine has undergone a metamorphosis.• [U] specialized the process by which the young form of insects and some animals, such as frogs, develops into the adult form.

46

target (noun)• [C usually singular] a person or a particular group of people who something is directed at, or who something is intended for. The target audience for the TV series are young people aged 13 to 18.

47

highlight (noun)• to attract attention to or emphasize something important. The report highlights the need for improved safety.The spelling mistakes in the text had been highlighted in green.

47

timetables (noun)

• a list of the times when events are planned to happen, especially the times when buses, trains and planes leave and arrive.Do you have a Birmingham to London train timetable that I could borrow?The timetable for our trip to Paris includes visits to Notre Dame, the Eiffel Tower and the Louvre.Here is the timetable of events for the day.I've got a very busy timetable next week (= I have a lot of activities planned).

49

Cycle 2Fourth Grade /Elementary


county (noun)

• a political division of the UK or Ireland, forming the largest unit of local government, or the largest political division of a state in the US. A county usually consists of several towns and the rural areas which surround them.Rutland used to be the smallest county in England, but in 1974 it became part of Leicestershire.Texas is divided into 254 counties.

49

carving knife (adjective/noun) • a large knife used for cutting cooked meat. 50gingerbread man (adjective/noun)

• a hard ginger biscuit (containing a ginger flavour) shaped like a person. 50

wood (noun)• [C] (also woods [plural]) an area of land covered with a thick growth of trees. We went for a walk in the woods after lunch. 50

fabric (noun)• [C or U] (a type of) cloth or woven material. dress fabricseats upholstered in hard-wearing fabriccotton fabrics

51

thread (noun)• [C or U] (a length of) a very thin fibre. needle and threadloose threads

51

pins (noun) • a device used for holding clothes onto a clothes line while they dry. 51

seams (noun)

• a line where two things join, especially a line of sewing joining two pieces of cloth or leather. The bags we sell have very strong seams, so they will last for years.My old coat is coming/falling apart at the seams (= the stitches are coming out). 51

seal (verb) • to join the seams (two pieces of cloth) together. 51

forename (noun) • the name which is chosen for you at birth and goes before your family name. 51


policies (noun)

• a set of ideas or a plan of what to do in particular situations that has been agreed officially by a group of people, a business organization, a government or a political party. They believe that the European Community needs a common foreign and security policy.What is your party's policy on immigration?

5

framework (noun) • a system of rules, ideas or beliefs that is used to plan or decide something. a legal framework for resolving disputes

5

ascribes…to (phrasal verb)

• ascribe something to somethingto believe or say that something is caused by something else. To what do you ascribe your phenomenal success?

5

attain (verb)• to reach or succeed in getting something; to achieve. He has attained the highest grade in his music exams.We need to identify the best ways of attaining our objectives/goals.India attained independence in 1947, after decades of struggle.

5

utter (verb) • to say something or to make a sound with your voice She sat through the whole meeting without uttering a word.

5

boundless (adjective)• having no limit. boundless optimismShe has boundless energy and enthusiasm.

6

sought (verb)

• (past simple and past participle of seek)[T] to try to find or get something, especially something which is not a physical object. "Are you actively seeking jobs?" she asked.Hundreds of dissidents are seeking refuge/asylum in the US embassy.

7

poses (verb)• [T] to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty. Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone.The mountain terrain poses particular problems for civil engineers.

7

threshold (noun)• [C usually singular] the level or point at which you start to experience something, or at which something starts to happen. I have a low/high boredom threshold (= I do/don't feel bored easily).His secretary earns £268 a month, well below the threshold for paying tax.

7

waystage (noun)• the elementary level where learners understand high frequency words in familiar topics, communicate in simple and routine tasks and describe in simple terms aspects of his/her background and areas of immediate need.

7

breakthrough (noun)

• any significant or sudden advance, development, achievement, or increase, especially in knowledge, technique or diplomacy, that removes a barrier to progress. a medical breakthroughThe jet engine was a major breakthrough in air transport.

7

ludic (adjective) • playful in an aimless way.the ludic behavior of kittens.

8

enable (verb)• to make someone able to do something, or to make something possible. [+ to infinitive] Computerization should enable us to cut production costs by half. 8

domain (noun)• an area of interest or an area over which a person has control. She treated the business as her private domain.These documents are in the public domain (= available to everybody).

8

cease (verb)• to stop something. Whether the protests will cease remains to be seen.The company has decided to cease all UK operations after this year.[+ to infinitive] Workplace nurseries will cease to be liable for tax.

8

decoding (gerund)• [I or T] to understand the meaning of a word or phrase in a foreign language in the correct way. Grammatical information helps learners to decode sentences. 9

depriving (gerund)• to take something, especially something necessary or pleasant, away from someone. He claimed that he had been deprived of his freedom/rights.You can't function properly when you're deprived of sleep.

9

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/seek_1


10

stem (verb) • to arise or originate. This project stems from last week's lecture.

10


acumen (noun)• skill in making correct decisions and judgments in a particular subject, such as business or politics. She has considerable business/financial acumen. 10

literacy (noun)• the ability to read and write Far more resources are needed to improve adult literacy.• knowledge of a particular subject, or a particular type of knowledge Computer literacy is becoming as essential as the ability to drive a car.

10

scarce (adjective)• not easy to find or get. Food and clean water were becoming scarce.scarce resources

10

acquainted (verb)

• be acquainted with something.to know or be familiar with something, because you have studied it or have experienced it before. Police said the thieves were obviously well acquainted with the alarm system at the department store. 11

bear (verb)

• [T] to have or continue to have something. Their baby bears a strong resemblance/an uncanny likeness to its grandfather.The stone plaque bearing his name was smashed to pieces.On display were boxing gloves which bore Rocky Marciano's signature.[+ two objects] I don't bear them any ill feeling (= I do not continue to be angry with or dislike them).Thank you for your advice, I'll bear it in mind (= will remember and consider it).

11

pose (verb)• [T] to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty. Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone.The mountain terrain poses particular problems for civil engineers.

11


11

neglected (verb)

• to give not enough care or attention to people or things that are your responsibility. to neglect your appearance/the gardenHe neglects that poor dog - he never takes him for walks or gives him any attention.I'm afraid I've rather neglected my studies this week.

11

bring about (phrasal verb)

• produce: to cause to happen, occur or exist.The new President must bring about a change in the health care system.I promise: making one mistake will not bring about the apocalypse.

11

disappointment (noun)

• [U] the feeling of being disappointed (to fail to satisfy someone or their hopes, wishes, etc.; to cause someone to feel unhappy). Book early to avoid disappointment.To my (great) disappointment (= sadness), he decided to leave.• [C usually singular] something or someone that is not what you were hoping it would be. The party turned out to be a huge disappointment.I'm afraid I've been rather a disappointment to my parents.

11

discouragement (noun)• [C or U] when you have lost your confidence or enthusiasm for something. a feeling of discouragementShe expressed discouragement over the difficulty of finding a good job.Despite the discouragements of the past week, we need to continue moving forward.

11

multimedia (adjective) • using a combination of moving and still pictures, sound, music and words, especially in computers or entertainment. multimedia software

12

rehearse (verb)

• [I or T] to practise a play, a piece of music, etc. in order to prepare it for a performance. (figurative) On her way to her interview she silently rehearsed what she would say.These are arguments that I've heard rehearsed at meetings many times before. 12

attained (adjective) • to reach or succeed in getting something; to achieve. 13

undertake (verb)• to do or begin to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be difficult. Students are required to undertake simple experiments. 13


approach (noun)

• [C] a way of considering or doing something. Since our research so far has not produced any answers to this problem, we need to adopt a different approach to it.I've just read an interesting book which has a new approach to Shakespeare.Michael is always very logical in his approach.

14

derive from …(phrasal verb)

• derive from somethingto come from something. The English word 'olive' is derived from the Latin word 'oliva'.

14

bullet (noun) • a symbol, often a small black circle, used in text to show separate things in a list. 14

compulsory (adjective)• If something is compulsory, you must do it because of a rule or law. Swimming was compulsory at my school.Wearing seat belts in cars is compulsory by law.Patients can now be compulsorily detained in hospital only under tightly drawn criteria.

14

scarcity (noun) • when something is not easy to find or get. 15

the scarcity of skilled workers

media (noun)

• [S + singular or plural verb] newspapers, magazines, radio and television considered as a group. the local/national mediamedia attention/coverage/hype/reportsThe issue has been much discussed in the media.

15

transactions (noun)• when someone buys or sells something, or when money is exchanged. a business transactionEach transaction at the foreign exchange counter seems to take forever.We need to monitor the transaction of smaller deals.

15

ads (noun)• (informal ad, UK also informal advert) a picture, short film, song, etc. which tries to persuade people to buy a product or service. a television/newspaper advertisement for a new carShe scanned the job/property advertisements in the paper.

16

purchasing (noun)• the act of buying; to obtain by paying money or its equivalent, as, to purchase land, or a house.Smart purchasing requires considerable knowledge. 16

stress (noun)

• [C or U] when a word or syllable is pronounced with greater force than other words in the same sentence or other syllables in the same word. The meaning of a sentence often depends on stress and intonation.When 'insert' is a verb, the stress is on the second syllable, but when it is a noun, the stress is on the first syllable.

17

set up (phrasal verb)• to organize or arrange something for a particular purpose, task or event.set up an experimentIt takes time to learn the setup around here.Set up tables in the living room for the party.

17

Fifth Grade /Elementary



19

zip code (adjective/noun)• in the US, a series of numbers that forms part of an address, and which is used to help organize post so that it can be delivered more quickly;(postcode) in Britain, a short series of letters and numbers that is part of a postal address.

19

reliability (noun)• Something or someone that is reliable can be trusted or believed because they work or behave well in the way you expect.Rolls-Royce cars are famous for their quality and reliability.

19

typography (noun)• the style, size and arrangement of the letters in a piece of printing.Typography tended to alter language from a means of perception and exploration to a portable commodity. 19

pound (noun)

• (symbol £) the standard unit of money in the UK and some other countries. a one-pound/two-pound coinThere are one hundred pence in a pound.They stole jewellery valued at £50 000 (= 50 000 pounds)."Have you got any change?" "Sorry, I've only got a five-pound note.”

19

phonic (adjective) • relating to sounds in a particular language or in languages generally. 19

Cycle 3Fifth Grade /Elementary

Terms Definition Pagesyntactic (adjective) • the grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence. 19

semantic (adjective) • connected with the meanings of words. 19

plot (noun)• the story of a book, film, play, etc The film has a very simple plot.The plots of his books are basically all the same.

20

setting (noun)• [C usually singular] the time and the place in which the action of a book, film, play, etc. happens. The play has its setting in a wartime prison camp. 20

collage (noun)• (the art of making) a picture in which various materials or objects, for example paper, cloth or photographs, are stuck onto a larger surface. The children made a collage of postcards.

20

point out (phrasal verb)

• to tell somebody about or draw somebody's attention to something; make or write a comment on.She did point out some of the difficulties we might expect to face.He pointed out the paper of his colleague.

20

complies (verb)• to act according to an order, set of rules or request He's been ordered to have the dog destroyed because it's dangerous, but he refuses to comply.There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations.

20

museum exhibition (adjective/noun)

• when objects of historical, scientific or artistic interest such as paintings are shown to the public in a museum. The photographs will be on exhibition until the end of the month.There's a new exhibition of sculpture at the city gallery.

22

exhibition cards (adjective/noun)

• information printed about the objects of historical, scientific or artistic interest shown to the public. 22

printed sources • something that supplies information in the form of books, newspapers and magazines.Children who watch TV all the time have no real interest in the printed word.

(adjective/noun) Always acknowledge your sources (= say which books you have used) at the end of an essay. 22

contextual clues (adjective/noun)

• a sign or some information which helps you to find the answer to a problem, question or mystery related to the context of something (the text or speech that comes immediately before and after a particular phrase or piece of text and helps to explain its meaning). It's impossible to understand the nuances of an isolated word without some contextual clues.

22

main idea (adjective/noun) • the most important understanding, thought or picture in your mind.I don't like the idea of living so far away from my family.My main concern about moving to London is the cost of housing.

22

informative text (adjective/noun)

• [U] the written words in a book, magazine, etc., that provide a lot of useful information. The book has 100 pages of closely printed text.This is an interesting and highly informative book.

22

supporting ideas (adjective/noun)

• not the most important understanding, thought or picture in your mind.She had a small supporting part in the play.

22

table of contents (noun) • a list of the information that is contained in a book. 22

declarative sentence (adjective/noun)

• a group of words which expresses a thought in the form of a statement, question, instruction or exclamation announcing something clearly, firmly, publicly or officially. Your conclusion is good, but the final sentence is too long and complicated.

22

brackets (noun)

• [C usually plural] either of two symbols put around a word, phrase or sentence in a piece of writing to show that what is between them should be considered as separate from the main part. Biographical information is included in brackets.Grammar patterns in this dictionary are shown in UK square brackets/US brackets. For example, a countable noun is marked [C].

22

colon (noun) • the sign: used in writing, especially to introduce a list of things or a sentence or phrase taken from somewhere else.

22


Terms Definition Pagedisseminating knowledge (verb/noun)

• to spread or give out something, especially news, information, ideas, etc., about a subject to a lot of people. One of the organization's aims is to disseminate information about the disease. 22

reaching agreement (verb/noun)

• when two or more groups or people make a decision/arrangement /conclusion, etc. about something by sharing the same opinion or approving or accepting something.If the three parties cannot reach agreement now, there will be a civil war.Finally the two sides have reached an agreement.

22

compile (verb)• to collect information from different places and arrange it in a book, report or list. We're compiling some facts and figures for a documentary on the subject. 22

broadcaster (noun) • [C] someone whose job is to speak on radio or television programmes. He was a famous broadcaster in the 1930s.

23

speech register (adjective/noun)

• [C or U] the style of language, grammar and words used when talking. People chatting at a party will usually be talking in (an) informal register.Some expressions are used more in speech than in writing.

23

fillers (noun)• [C] a short text or drawings used to fill extra space in a magazine or newspaper, or talk, music, etc. used to fill extra time in a radio or television broadcast. 23

suitable (adjective)• acceptable or right for someone or something. The film is suitable for children.My mother doesn't like me wearing short skirts to church - she doesn't think they're suitable.

23

inverted pyramid (adjective/noun)

• the order of things (questions/answers) is changed representing a pyramid turned upside down. In some languages, the word order in questions is inverted (= the verb comes before the subject of the sentence).

23

vocalization (noun) • feelings or ideas expressed by the voice when speaking.Most patients find it very difficult to vocalize feelings of shame.

23

reliability (noun)• Something or someone that is reliable can be trusted or believed because they work or behave well in the way you expect. reliable informationRolls-Royce cars are famous for their quality and reliability.

23

objectivity (noun)• based on real facts and not influenced by personal beliefs or feelings. an objective and impartial reportI can't really be objective when I'm judging my daughter's work.Surely true objectivity in a critic is impossible?

23

assemble (verb) • [T] to make something by joining separate parts. furniture that is easy to assemble

26

scrambled (adjective) •thrown together in a disorderly fashion; mixed in a confused way; jumbled.a scrambled plan of action

26

sender (noun)• someone who transmits a message; transmitter; communicator.return to senderThe sender was still transmitting when the ship went down.

28

allusions (noun)• something that is said or written that is intended to make you think of a particular thing or person. The film is full of allusions to Hitchcock.Her novels are packed with literary allusions.

28

unscramble (verb)• to discover the meaning of information given in a secret or complicated way; to decode. You need a decoding device to unscramble some of the signals sent out by satellite and cable TV. 28• to be mixed in a confused or disordered manner.

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/communicator

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/transmitter

jumbled (adjective) She jumbles the words when she is supposed to write a sentence.The contest editor has jumbled the letters of some common words.

28

adequacy (noun) • enough or satisfactory for a particular purpose.The adequacy of public health care has been brought into question.

28

ellipsis (noun) • [C] three dots in a printed text, [...], which show where one or more words have been intentionally left out. 28travelogues (noun) • a film or book about travelling to or in a particular place

Peter Jackson's latest book 'Africa' is part travelogue, part memoir.29



codes (noun)• [C] a set of rules/principles that are accepted and used by society or a particular group of people. a moral codea code of behaviour/ethics

29

dashes (noun) • [C] the - punctuation mark that can be used to separate parts of a sentence.There should be a dash in this sentence.

29

semi-colon (noun)• [C] the ; punctuation mark that is used in formal writing between two parts of a sentence, usually when each of the two parts could form grammatical sentences on their own. A semicolon can also separate the things in a list.

29

tag question (adjective/noun) • a short phrase such as 'isn't it' or 'don't you' that is added to the end of a sentence to check information or to ask if someone agrees with you. In the sentence, 'It's hot, isn't it?', 'isn't it' is a question tag.

33

departure (adjective)

• [C or U] when a person or vehicle, etc. leaves somewhere There are several departures (= buses, trains, ships or aircraft leaving) for Paris every day.Our departure was delayed because of bad weather.departure time

33

arrival (adjective)• [C or U] when someone or something arrives somewhere Hundreds gathered to await the boxer's arrival at the airport.On arrival at the police station, they were taken to an interview room.We regret the late arrival of Flight 237.

33

sketch (verb)

• to make a sketch (a simple, quickly-made drawing which does not have many details) of something. The art students were told to sketch the landscape.When I have some spare time, I like to sketch.The artist has sketched out a design for the new school.

33

pitch (noun)• [C or U] the level or degree of something. The piano and organ were tuned to the same pitch (= note).If you teach children and adults in the same class, it's difficult to get the pitch (= level of difficulty or interest) right.

33

assertiveness (noun)• describes someone who behaves confidently and is not frightened to say what they want or believe.If you really want the promotion, you'll have to be more assertive. 33

Sixth Grade /Elementary

emphatic (adjective)• done or said in a strong way and without any doubt. Poland reached the final of the championship yesterday with an emphatic 5-0 victory over Italy.The minister has issued an emphatic rejection of the accusation.

36

vocatives (noun)• A word or phrase (abbreviated) used to address a reader or listener directly, usually in the form of a personal name, title, or term of endearment.Domine, O Lordmother in “mother, come here”

36

tale (noun)• a story, especially one which might be invented or difficult to believe. He told some fascinating tales about his life in India.She told me/invented/concocted a tale about missing the bus to explain her lateness.

37

furnishing (noun)

• [C usually plural] (UK fittings/US furnishing) a piece of furniture, such as a cooker, washing machine or curtain pole, which is not permanently fixed in or part of the structure of a house and which a person might be expected to take with them when they move to a new home. The house price, including fixtures and fittings, is £200 000.

37

ghoul (noun) • (informal) someone who is very interested in death and unpleasant things. 37

emits (verb)• to voice, express; to give out as sound, utter.emit an opinionShe emitted her small strange laugh.

38

report (noun)• a description of an event or situation. a news/weather reportI gave/made/submitted a report of the theft to the insurance company.She sent in weekly reports on the situation.

39

amplifies (verb) • (formal) to increase the size or effect of something. A funeral can amplify the feelings of regret and loss for the relatives.

39

Cycle 3Sixth Grade /Elementary


exemplifies (verb)• to be or give a typical example of something. This painting perfectly exemplifies the naturalistic style which was so popular at the time. 39

http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/nameterm.htm

connectors (noun)• words or expressions used to show the relationship between ideas. We are concerned not only by the costs, but also by the competition.He works hard. However, he doesn't earn much.Because of bad weather, the football match was postponed.

39

paraphrasing (gerund)• to repeat something written or spoken using different words, often in a humorous form or in a simpler and shorter form that makes the original meaning clearer.She gave us a quick paraphrase of what had been said.

39

billboard (noun)• (US billboard) a large board on which advertisements are shown.Billboard advertisements are designed to catch a person's attention and create a memorable impression very quickly.

39

diverse media (adjective/noun)• varied or different means of communication, information, or entertainment considered as a group that reach large numbers of people, such as newspapers, television, magazines, and radio.The issue has been much discussed in the media.The news media focuses on presenting current news to the public.

40

headline (noun)• a line of words printed in large letters as the title of a story in a newspaper, or the main points of the news that are broadcast on television or radio. The news of his death was splashed in headlines across all the newspapers.the eight o'clock headlines

40

discourse (noun) • [C] a speech or piece of writing about a particular, usually serious, subject. a discourse on the nature of life after death

40

typographic (adjective) • the style, size and arrangement of the letters in a piece of printing.a typographical error

40

bullet points (adjective/noun) • (also bullets) a symbol, often a small black circle, used in text to show separate things in a list. 40


40

quotation (noun)• (UK also inverted commas , informal quotes) the " " punctuation marks that are put around a word or phrase to show that someone else has said or written it in a longer work of literature, poetry, etc.At the beginning of the book there's a quotation from Abraham Lincoln.

40

mass media (adjective/noun) • newspapers, television and radio. The mass media has become one of the main instruments of political change.

40

discriminate (verb)• [I + adverb or preposition] formal to be able to see the difference between two things or people. Police dogs can discriminate between the different smells. 42

distinguish (verb)

• [I or T not continuous] to notice or understand the difference between two things, or to make one person or thing seem different from another. I sometimes have difficulty distinguishing Spanish from Portuguese.It's important to distinguish between business and pleasure.It's not the beauty so much as the range of his voice that distinguishes him from other tenors.

42

patterns (noun)• [C] a particular way in which something is done, organized or happens. The pattern of family life has been changing over recent years.A pattern is beginning to emerge from our analysis of the accident data.Many behaviour(al) patterns have been identified in the chimp colony.

42

bullying (noun)• to hurt or frighten someone who is smaller or less powerful than you, often forcing them to do something they do not want to do. Bullying is a problem in many schools.

43

spots (noun)

• A place, section or subdivision of relatively small and definite limits on the face side of a card where written marks are printed to allow easy recognition.He always turns first to the business spots.The history of this work is discussed in the next spot.Spot the areas that one should clearly identify.

43

register (noun)• [C or U] the style of language, grammar and words used for particular situations. People chatting at a party will usually be talking in (an) informal register. 45

Cycle 3Sixth Grade /Elementary


reply (noun)• an answer. I asked why, but he made/gave no reply.There were very few replies to our advertisement.In reply to their questions, she just shrugged.

45

chronicles (noun)• a written record of historical events. the Anglo-Saxon Chroniclea chronicle of the French Revolution

46

comic strip (adjective/noun) • a short series of funny drawings with a small amount of writing which is usually published in a newspaper. 46seamstress (noun) • a woman whose job is sewing and making clothes. 48

pamphlets (noun) • a thin book with only a few pages which gives information or an opinion about something. 50

timetable (adjective)

• a list of the times when events are planned to happen, especially the times when buses, trains and planes leave and arrive Do you have a Birmingham to London train timetable that I could borrow?The timetable for our trip to Paris includes visits to Notre Dame, the Eiffel Tower and the Louvre.Here is the timetable of events for the day.

50

fare (noun)• [C] the money that you pay for a journey on a vehicle such as a bus or train. Train fares are going up again. 50• of the present time.

current (adjective) Have you seen the current issue of (= the most recently published) Vogue magazine?The word 'thou' (= you) is no longer in current use.

50

signs (noun)• a written or printed mark which has a standard meaning. + and - are mathematical signs.£ is the sign for the British pound.

50

brochure (noun) • a type of small magazine that contains pictures and information on a product or a company. 51commuting (gerund) • to make the same journey regularly between work and home.

It's exhausting commuting from Brighton to London every day.51

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