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Table of contents

Cha ter # $ntroduction

Cha ter 2 # %istory

Cha ter & # 'he (an)s S*ate Shoe Cha ter + # 'he e hyr 'ea-

Cha ter . # 'ony %a/*

Cha ter ! Conclusion

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Introduction

1 erson is -ost li*ely to choose to eco-e art of a su culture during their late childhoodor adolescent years3 4y definition a su culture is a grou /ithin a larger culture that differentiatesthe-selves3 Su cultures often osses their o/n elief syste-s, values, and ractices3 5ften ti-esthey hel adolescents to develo their o/n individual identity3

'he s*ate oarding su culture is a large grou /hich is ri-arily -ade u of younger -ales3Esti-ates of the nu- er of s*ate oarders in the 6nited States range fro- 2 to 20 -illion3 Most area le odied -ales aged 7 to 22 years3 Su cultures can of course ersist across ones entire lifeti-eand this is seen /ith s*ate oarding3

5ne of the asic a eals to s*ate oarding for adolescents and teenagers is the freedo- thatit rovides3 6nli*e traditional s orts /here there are -andatory ractices and rules they -ustfollo/, in s*ate oarding it)s a out en8oying the -o-ent and having fun collectively instead ofco- eting /ith one another3 'he act of s*ate oarding has no rules and the user is free to s*ate inany -anner they lease3

'he focus of this a er is not going to e a out s*ate oarding as a -ere hysical act ut as a/ay of thin*ing, doing and living3 1lso, it is going to e a out those that truly ta*e ride in definingthe-selves as s*ate oarders3

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History

1950s

Surfers in California get the right idea to surf concrete and invent S*ate oarding3 'he origin of thefirst s*ate oard has never een roven as it see-s tohave een the s ontaneous invention of -ulti le eo le39ooden oards /ith roller s*ate /heels sla ed on the

otto- /ere the original oards these ioneers too* tothe streets3 Could you i-agine the loo*s on the faces of

eo le seeing the- for the first ti-e:1 long hairedshaggy surfer )dude) ri ing u the streets on a /ooden

oard and roller s*ate /heels; 'he /ord !& S*ate oarding /as all the rage3 Po ularity of the s ort /as at its ea*3 Co- aniessuch as ?ac*=s, %o ie, and Ma*aha started having real co- etitions consisting of Do/nhill Slalo-and @reestyle /here s*aters li*e 'orger ?ohnson, 9oody 9ood/ard and Danny 4erer aved the/ay for future s*aters3 'hen in >!. for so-e reason S*ate oarding see-s to si- ly die3Considered to e a fad that ca-e and /ent, s*ate oarding see-ed to disa ear over night3 Even so,so-e stayed true to the s ort and continued to create ho-e-ade oards and fine tune their craft35ne of the reasons $ sus ect s*ate oarding lost so-e of its ground /as the fact that the s ort /asvery dangerous3 'he clay /heels they used /ere everything ut safe and lead to -any in8uries3

1970s

'hen, li*e all things, in a -o-ent, everything changed for s*ate oarding3 'he invention ofurethane /heels y @ran* Nas/orthy in >A2 -ade it ossi le for s*ate oarding to -a*e itsco-e ac*3 %e started the co- any Cadillac 9heels3 $n >A. s*ate oarding got the oost it needed3$n Del Mar, California a slalo- and freestyle contest /as held at the 5cean @estival3 'hat day, the

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e hyr tea- sho/ed the /orld /hat s*ate oarding could e3 'hey rode their oards li*e no one hadin the u lic eye, lo/ and s-ooth, and s*ate oarding /as ta*en fro- eing a ho y to so-ethingserious and eBciting3 'he e hyr tea- had -any -e- ers ut as so-e of you -ight *no/ the -ostnota le of the- /here 'ony 1lva, ?ay 1da-s and Stacy Peralta3 'hen in >A7 1lan elfand

nic*na-ed 5llieFG invented a -aneuver that gave s*ate oarding another revolutionary 8u- 3 %e/ould sla- his ac* foot do/n on the tail of his oard and 8u- , there y o ing hi-self and the

oard into the air3 'he ollie /as orn, a tric* that co- letely revolutioniHed s*ate oarding3 1t theend of the >A0s s*ate oarding too* another hit /hen the u lic s*ate ar*s that /ere eing uilt,suffered fro- the outrageously high insurance rates due to the danger factor of s*ate oarding3

1980s & 1990s

S*ate oarding continues to gro/ as the anti esta lish-ent su culture it /as3 S*ate oardershad eco-e hell ent on rogressing their assion for the s ort so they started uilding their o/nra- s in their ac*yards3 $t=s no secret that this eca-e a ro le- for local construction co- anies/hen they started to notice their lu- er started disa earing3 4ut let)s not forget that constructionco- anies /ere art of the esta lish-ent so tohell /ith the- theythought3 1side fro- thera- s they uilt in their

ac*yards to s*ate on,they sa/ the /hole /orldas their s*ate ar* andtoo* to the streets3 Duringthis ti-e -any ne/ oardsha es too* for-,allo/ing for s*aters tooverco-e o staclesother/ise i- ossi le31nother invention in the

>70s layed a -a8or rollin s*ate oarding history3'he intention of (%S3Stacey Peralta and eorge Po/ell=s 4ones 4rigade tea- starts recording s*ate oarding videos that/ill reach *ids all over the /orld3 'he tea- included Steve Ca allero, 'ony %a/*, Mi*e Mc ill,Lance Mountain, Rodney Mullen, Stacy Peralta, and Ievin Staa 3 'his is the tea- res onsi le for'he 4ones 4rigade (ideo Sho/3

1t the end of the >70s s*ate oarding too* yet another dive in o ularity /hen verts*ate oarding eca-e far less o ular than street s*ate oarding3 $n the early >0s s*ate oardingstarts to rise again as it finds so-e co--on ground /ith the e-erging un* -usic3 'hen in >>.ESPN holds the first ever J a-es3 'he event /as a huge success and rought s*ate oarding intothe -ainstrea- light, s ar*ing interest in -any -ore young *ids3

2000s & NowS*ate ar*s o u every/here and s*ate oarding video ga-es lets every *id e a s*ater3

'ons of co- anies e-erge and eco-e -ore and -ore acce ta le in society3 'he notion ofs*ate oarders eing cri-inals starts to d/indle3 'he J a-es continues to eco-e -ore and -ore

o ular /ith S*ate oarding at the hel-3 5ne of the ig factors today that -a*es s*ate oarding sohuge is the fact that ros -a*e real -oney3 9ining events can ring in hundreds of thousands ofdollars3 Iids are realiHing that you don=t have to eco-e a doctor or la/yer to -a*e a uc*3

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The an!s s"ate shoe

$n >!., as 1nahei- hosted the /orld=s first s*ate oard co- etition, the $nternationalS*ate oarding Cha- ionshi s, s*ating had drastically increased in o ularity and *ids egan to hitSouthern California=s e- ty s/i--ing ools, loo*ing for an alternative to flat ground and slalo-36nfortunately the co- ination of are feet and clay /heels didn=t rovide -uch traction and

usually a-ounted to loody and ro*en toes3 'he future of s*ate oarding /as loo*ing lea* due tothe li-ited technology and eKui -ent availa le to young s*aters3

'here /ere so-e s*aters /earing Converse Chuc* 'aylors in the early >!0s, ut in >!.,the Randol h Ru er Co- any created the first s*ate oarding snea*er, *no/n as the Randy A203S*ate oards /ere still years a/ay fro- using gri ta e, so the snea*ers needed to rovide tractionon dec*3 'he snea*er=s outsoles /ere also reinforced and '6@@ERF than*s to R1ND PRENEru er3 'he co- any didn=t last very long, ut one of Randol h=s e- loyee=s na-e is stillsynony-ous /ith s*ate oarding today Paul (an Doren3

'hat sa-e year >!.G, Paul and ?i- (an Doren left Randol h, Massachusetts and -oved to1nahei-, California to create the (an Doren Ru er Co- any3 Randy=s, Ieds and Converse /ereall -a*ing their o/n vulcaniHed snea*ers and the rothers (an Doren felt that they could do it

etter3 'hey s ent >!. acKuiring the -achinery to create a vulcaniHed shoe factory and /ithin ayear egan -anufacturing dec* shoes under the (ans na-e3

'he factory /as located at A0+ East 4road/ay and /as attached to the first (ans retail store35 ening on March ., >!!, (ans offered 8ust one style, of snea*er, *no/n as the ++ (ans Dec*Shoe3 1vaila le in four colors # navy, /hite, red and loden green, ranging fro- O23+> to O.300 a

air3 5n the first day of trading they sold siBteen airs of snea*ers, all of /hich /ere -ade y hand,in the factory ehind the store and ready for ic* u /ithin 2+ hours of urchase3 1dditionally, (ans

egan filling custo- orders for anyone /ho /al*ed in /ith -aterials that could e se/n into a

snea*er3 Everything fro- deni- to high school tea- colors /ere eing -ade into ++ (ans Dec*Shoes, ut the *ids /ho really created the -ost far out designs /ere the local surfers and s*aters31lthough -any side/al* surfers /ere still going arefoot, the -ore rogressive s*aters /ere

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/earing snea*ers in order to atte- t ne/ -oves and rotect their feet3 'he -ost fa-ous s*ate cre/to ado t (ans snea*ers /ere *no/n as the 4oys, led y 'ony 1lva and Stacey Peralta3

(ans= connection to the 4oys solidified the rand=s credi ility in the s*ate co--unity, utalso rovided invalua le feed ac* that forced the evolution of s*ate oard snea*ers3 4y >A!,side/al* surfing /as dead ut ool s*ating /as gaining o ularity than*s to the invention of

urethane s*ate oard /heels, gri ta e and erfor-ance s*ate shoes3 'his ne/ technology added afresh reath into the s ort of s*ate oarding, /hich /as evident y the a-ount of concrete s*ate

ar*s o ening across 1-erica and Euro e during the late >A0s3 'he (an Doren rothers /ere aying close attention and (ans egan s onsoring the elite young s*aters /ho /ere no/ co- etingaround the /orld and featured on the covers of ne/ly for-ed s*ate oard -agaHines3

1lthough other snea*er rands /ere e-erging, in the late A0s s*ate -ar*et, (ans re-ainedthe leader than*s to their co--it-ent to the culture and grassroots -ar*eting initiatives3 (ans /asal/ays tuned into /hat the local s*aters /anted and fro- >A! >70, /as all a out -iBing colorsand fa rics3 (ans /as such a asic shoe that they needed to e /ild in order to stand out in a cro/d31dditionally, their success ste--ed fro- al/ays listening to /hat their custo-ers had to say, so/hen they noticed *ids coloring in their -idsoles /ith rain o/s and chec*er oards, they learned/hat trends /ere catching on in the s*ate co--unity3

$n >70, Paul (an Doren had also 8ust re tooled an old sli on snea*er -odel fro- his days ac* in Randol h and /as ready to introduce this as a ne/ style for the (ans line3 Since thechec*er oard attern had een so o ular /ith the s*ate *ids, (ans decided to rint u so-e canvasin a lac* and /hite version of the attern3 ?ust as they finished roduction on so-e ne/chec*er oard sli on rototy es, they received a hone call fro- 6niversal Studios /ho /ereloo*ing for snea*ers for a ne/-ovie they /ere roducing called

@ast 'i-es 1t Ridge-ont %igh 3

'he lead character /as aKuintessential stoned outCalifornia surfer na-ed ?eff S icoli and /ould e layed ySean Penn3 (ans sent over several

airs of snea*ers, ut thechec*er oard sli on eca-e thedefining iece in S icoli=s/ardro e, therefore i--ediately

eco-ing the snea*er of choicefor every *id /ho identified /ith

his laid ac* ersonification of California s*ate and surf culture3

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The #e$hyr tea%

'he cre/, /ho egan as a surf tea-, derived their na-e fro- the e hyr surf oard sho inSanta Monica3 ?eff %o, S*i Eng lo- and Craig Stecy* o ened the Santa Monica sho as ?eff %oSurf oards and e hyr Productions in >A 3 'he 4oys re resented the sho in surf co- etitions,/ith the first -e- er eing fourteen year old Nathan Pratt3 Pratt also /or*ed at the sho and

eca-e an a rentice surf oard -a*er under %o, Eng lo- and Stecy*3$n >A+,1llen Sarlo , ?ay 1da-s , 'ony 1lva , Chris Cahill and Stacy Peralta , 8oined the surf

tea-3 'he lace that the tea- s ent -ost of their ti-e surfing /as at Pacific 5cean Par* , a oncethriving a-use-ent ar* ato a ier3 No/ a andoned and run do/n and nic*na-ed y the locals as"Dogto/n"3 9ith large tilted, /ood ilings 8utting fro- the /ater, and not enough roo- for all ofthe surfers, Pacific 5cean Par* Pier /as an incredi ly dangerous lace to surf3 Des ite thesedangers, the 4oys surfed it any/ay3 'hey /ould surf in the -ornings, /hen the /aves /ere thehighest3 9hen the ier /aves died do/n after the early -orning hours, they /ould hang out at the

e hyr sho , running errands, doing ho-e/or*, s*ating and flirting /ith assing girls3 1t that ti-e,the 4oys sa/ s*ating as a ho y, so-ething to do after surfing, ut it Kuic*ly gre/ fro- a ho y

into a ne/ /ay to eB ress the-selves3

$n >A., Cahill, Pratt, 1da-s, Sarlo, Peralta and 1lva as*ed ?eff %o and S*i Eng lo- tostart a s*ate tea- se arate fro- the surf tea-3 Soon after, local s*aters 4o 4inia*, PaulConstantineau, ?i- Muir, Peggy 5*i , Shogo Iu o and 9entHle Ru-l /ould 8oin the e hyr s*atetea-, gro/ing to 2 -e- ers in all3 'he tea- /ould ractice a lot of the ti-es at 4ic*nell %ill34ic*nell %ill ran do/n fro- the ?eff %o and e hyr Surf oard Productions sho 3 'here, the 4oys/ould set u cones and ractice all day3 'hey /ould s*ate real lo/, riding the concrete li*e they/ere riding a /ave3 'hey /ould drag their hands on the ave-ent li*e Larry 4ertle-ann, a

rofessional surfer /ho /ould touch the /ave /hen surfing, dragging his fingers across it3 Style, tothe e hyr tea-, /as everything and they ulled all their ins iration fro- surfing3 'here /ere alsofour grade schools in the Dogto/n area that the tea- /ould s*ate Kuite often3 'he oys loved to

s*ate these schools ecause they all had slo ing as halt an*s in their laygrounds3 Soon, the 4oys /ere carving real /aves in the -orning and as halt the rest of the day3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Hohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_Engblomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_Engblomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Stecykhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Ho_Surfboards_and_Zephyr_Productionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Ho_Surfboards_and_Zephyr_Productionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Ho_Surfboards_and_Zephyr_Productionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Sarlohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Adamshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Alvahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Alvahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stacy_Peraltahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_Parkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy_Okihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy_Okihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Hohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_Engblomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Stecykhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Ho_Surfboards_and_Zephyr_Productionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Ho_Surfboards_and_Zephyr_Productionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Sarlohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Adamshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Alvahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stacy_Peraltahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_Parkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy_Oki

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'hat year, s*ate oarding had risen ac* in o ularity enough that the first ig s*ate oardingco- etition since the >!0s /as held3 'hat co- etition /as the fa-ous Del Mar Nationals, held inCalifornia in March >A.3 'his is /here the 4oys -ade their de ut and reached California cultstatus3 9ith their lo/, aggressive style, it /as li*e nothing anyone had ever seen efore3 $t /as a farcry fro- the u right, freestyle s*ating that /as o ular in the >!0s3 'he older s*ate oardesta lish-ent /as not ready for the aggressive surf style and free s irited a roach that the 4oys

eBhi ited, ut the cro/d loved the-3 1t the end of the Del Mar co- etition, half of the finalists/ere -e- ers of the e hyr tea-, including Peggy 5*i, ?ay 1da-s, 'ony 1lva, and Nathan Pratt 3Many of the older s*aters could not co- rehend that they had 8ust /itnessed a revolution ins*ate oarding3 9ithin t/elve -onths of the Del Mar Nationals, the >!0s u right, freestyle ty e ofs*ating vanished fro- the u lic eye, and 4oy style /ould s/ee around the /orld3

'he -id >A0s rought a -a8or drought to Southern California that arched Los 1ngeles3'his drought rought on severe /ater restrictions, forcing -any ool o/ners in the /ell to doneigh orhoods to leave their s/i--ing ools drained3 'he 4oys too* their surf style of s*ating tothe e- ty ools3 'his /as the irth of vertical s*ating, and it eca-e the asis for s*ate oardingand -any of the eBtre-e s orts seen today3 5ne day during a s*ating session in the fall of >AA in a

ool nic*na-ed "the Dog o/l" in Santa Monica, the "eure*a" -o-ent arrived3 'ony 1lva ushed-ore and -ore on the co ing until his oard co- letely cleared the edge of the ool and landed

ac* in the ool, co- leting the very first aerial3 'his revolutioniHed s*ate oarding and -anyeBtre-e s orts3 Many of the tric*s erfor-ed on s*ate oards, and later sno/ oards, /a*e oards,roller lades and 4MJ i*es, /ould e erfor-ed in -idair fro- that oint on3 'he 4oys andtheir "Dogto/n" style revived s*ate oarding, /hich had een on a -a8or do/n hill slu- since the-id >!0s3

9hile surfing is /hat ulled the e hyr tea- together, s*ate oarding is /hat ulled the-a art3 1s the -e- ers of the 4oys got -ore and -ore fa-ous, it /as hard to *ee the- together,as ig -oney /as eing thro/n at the- fro- co- anies igger than ?eff %o Surf oards and e hyr Productions3 ?eff %o tried to *ee the tea- together ut couldn)t co- ete /ith the -oney his tea-

-e- ers /ere eing offered, and in early >A!, he and S*i Eng lo- ended their artnershi 3Eng lo- ended u -oving to %a/aii, and y the end of that year, the e hyr sho closed3 4oy

Nathan Pratt too* over the sho and reo ened it under his %oriHons 9est la el in >AA3

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Tony Haw"

1ccording to Newsweek -agaHine, 'ony %a/* is the "-ost fa-ous s*ate oarder, li*e,ever3" 1 ig clai-, ut /ith a lot to su ort it3 $n the >70s and >>0s, %a/* al-ost singlehandedly transfor-ed s*ate oarding fro- a *ids) ar*ing lot asti-e into a res ected s ort3 %e /onvirtually every s*ate oarding co- etition he entered, and efore he /as t/enty, he /as considered

to e the nu- er one vertical s*ate oarder in the /orld3%a/* /as eKually talented off the ra- 3 %is usiness ventures and roduct endorse-ents

have -ade hi- a very /ealthy -an, and have also *e t hi- in the s otlight3 1s s*ate oarding iconStacy Peralta told Sports Illustrated, "'ony is the first s*ate oarder /ho has given the /orld a faceto ut on the s ort3 %e has eco-e a art of 1-erican o culture3"

"ateboardin' to the rescue

9hen Anthony Frank Hawk /as orn on May 2, >!7, his arents could not have realiHedthat s*ate oarding /as eventually going to eco-e such an integral art of their lives3 1s %a/*readily ad-itted in his auto iogra hy, he /as a "hy eractive de-on child" /ho regularly terroriHed

his a ysitters, his teachers, and his arents3 %e /as very right, /ith an $ of ++, ut he /as alsofrustrated and unfocused, and /ould freKuently fly into rages3 %is father, @ran*, a retired 63S3 Navyofficer and s-all a liance sales-an, and his -other, Nancy, a ho-e-a*er and art ti-e usinessteacher, /ere eKually frustrated a out /hat to do /ith their youngest child3 9hen %a/* /as eight,his older rother Steve ought hi-, on a /hi-, a lue fi erglass hand -e do/n s*ate oard, and hisfather uilt a s*ating ra- in the ac*yard3 'hey ho ed that s*ate oarding -ight e the outlet thatyoung 'ony needed3

%a/* /as instantly hoo*ed, and soon the young oy /ith the ehavior ro le-s /as racticing u to siB hours a day, every day3 %e es ecially en8oyed the freedo- that ca-e /ith thes ort3 1s he eB lained to Charlie Rose of CBS News, s*ate oarding /as not li*e ase all or

as*et all, /hich reKuired tea-/or* and regular ractice schedules3 "$ li*ed that no one /as telling-e ho/ to do it," he re-ar*ed3 9hen %a/* outgre/ his ac*yard ra- , he egan racticing ats*ate ar*s near his ho-e in San Diego, California3 'he scra/ny *id /ith the /ild londe hair stoodout a-ong the other s*aters3 %e /as so s*inny that he had to /ear el o/ ads on his *nees, ut theyoung s*ate oarder /as already eB eri-enting /ith daredevil -oves3

"$ feel li*e if $)- not out there getting anged u , then $)- not getting etter3"

@ran* %a/*, realiHing that the s ort had -iraculously saved his son, eca-e the ulti-ates*ate oard su orter and 'ony %a/*)s nu- erone fan3 %e egan y driving %a/* to and fro-co- etitions all over the state of California, and soon eca-e even -ore involved3 $n >70,dissatisfied y the Kuality of the co- etitions and the lac* of s onsoring organiHations, @ran* %a/* founded the California 1-ateur S*ate oard League C1SLG3 'hree years later, in >7&, heesta lished the National S*ate oarding 1ssociation NS1G, the first rofessional s*ate oardingorganiHation of its *ind3 6lti-ately the high rofile events ut on y the NS1 /ere credited /ith

oosting the o ularity of s*ate oarding in the >70s3

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treet (ersus ert

$nside the /orld of s*ate oarding there is a very real rivalry et/een t/o ca- s streets*aters and vertical s*aters3 Street s*ating is done on any surface or any structure found in the ur anlandsca e, including ar*ing lots, handrails, enches, or cur s3 (ertical s*ating is erfor-ed onvertical ra- s or other structures uilt s ecifically for the s ort3 Street s*ating ca-e first, co-ing tolight in the late >A0s in California /ith surfers eBecuting dangerous stunts on the curved /alls ofe- ty s/i--ing ools3 'here /ere no co- etitions /ith riHe -oney, and s*aters did not /eareB ensive designer duds3 Street s*aters considered the-selves to e hi re els, outside the-ainstrea-3

Street style s*aters are still very -uch resent in the 2000s3 1ccording to s*ate oardinginsiders, as re orted in Sports Illustrated, there are et/een &.0 and +00 street s*aters /ho areconsidered to e rofessionals, so-e of the- as young as siBteen3 'hey earn their re utations theold fashioned /ay, erfor-ing outrageous tric*s, /ithout safety gear, in out of the /ay, illegal

laces3 1lthough they consider the-selves to e "outla/s," -any of the- -a*e a living fro-s*ate oarding3 ?ust li*e %a/*, they get contracts fro- s*ate oard a arel and accessoryco- anies, and they can ring ho-e any/here fro- O ,000 to O.,000 a -onth3

%o/ever, diehard street s*aters do not a reciate the s otlight that 'ony %a/* has turnedon s*ate oarding3 Many accuse hi- of selling out to cor orate 1-erica and /atering do/n /hat/as once an edgy s ort3 Darrell Stanton, a teenage ro street s*ater /ho s o*e /ith Sports

Illustrated, echoed that senti-ent "$ ho e the /hole s*ate oarding o ularity thing sto s efore itgets too -ainstrea-3 $)d li*e for it to stay a ra/ s ort3" 4ut statistics suggest that Stanton is unli*elyto get his /ish3 1ccording to the olling co- any 1-erican S orts Data, $nc3, in 200& -ore *idsunder the age of eighteen /ere s*ating than laying ase all3

'he iggest oost, ho/ever, ca-e in the for- of 'ony %a/* hi-self3 4y age fourteen %a/* had turned rofessional, 8oining the Powell Peralta s*ate oard tea- called the Bones Brigade 3 4y

age siBteen he /as do-inating the s ort3 'he road, ho/ever, /as not an easy one3 1s %a/* /onco- etition after co- etition, so-e veteran s*aters cried favoritis-, since his father /as the NS1 resident3 'hey also dis-issed his /ild, craHy s*ating as sho/ oating3

)a(orite %ale athlete

%a/* has endured -any on the 8o haHards, including a ro*en el o/, crac*ed ri s, -ores rains and scra es than he can count, and -ulti le lost teeth3 5n the other hand, he has eco-e a-ulti -illionaire and a living legend, all fro- riding on a oard /ith /heels3 1 real ioneer ofs*ate oarding, %a/* invented nearly one hundred tric*s and -oves that have een handed do/n toyoung s*aters today3 More i- ortant, he continues to serve as a role -odel and ins iration forchildren /ho consider hi- to e one of their all ti-e favorite s orts stars3 $n fact, in the early

2000s, %a/* consistently to ed -ost teen olls3 @or eBa- le, in 200& and 200+ he /as na-ed@avorite Male 1thlete at the Nic*elodeon Iids) Choice 1/ards3 1ll this, ho/ever, is 8ust icing onthe ca*e for %a/*3 1s he eB lained to Sports Illustrated: "%ere)s /hat s*ate oarding is to -e3 $t)s-y for- of eBercise, -y s ort, -y -eans of eB ression since $ /as nine years old3 $t)s /hat $ love3 $never eB ected it to give -e anything -ore than that3"

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*onclusion

4y no/ $ ho e you understand that s*ate oarding is a out so -uch -ore than riding a oard3 $t is a out the thrill and the adventure3 $t is a out eB loring and learning3 4ut, the -osti- ortant art of s*ate oarding culture to s*aters is the ca-araderie they have /ith one another3

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+iblio'ra$hy

"ate )or ,ife- 1n 1nalysis of the S*ate oarding Su culture y 'ho-as Slee

htt QQ///3s*ate oarding-agaHine3co-Qthe evolution of s*ate oarding a history fro- side/al*surfing to su erstardo-Q

htt QQ///3classic*ic*s3co-Q20 +Q0 Qget a gri a history of snea*ers vs s*ate oardingQ

htt s QQen3/i*i edia3orgQ/i*iQ 4oys

htt s QQselvedgeyard3co-Q20 2Q 2Q2&Qthe unloc*ing of a-ericas ce-ent layground dogto/n H oysQ

htt QQtonyha/*3co-Q ioQ

htt QQ///3encyclo edia3co-Qto icQ'ony %a/*3as B

http://www.skateboardingmagazine.com/the-evolution-of-skateboarding-a-history-from-sidewalk-surfing-to-superstardom/http://www.skateboardingmagazine.com/the-evolution-of-skateboarding-a-history-from-sidewalk-surfing-to-superstardom/http://www.classickicks.com/2014/01/get-a-grip-a-history-of-sneakers-vs-skateboarding/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z-Boyshttps://selvedgeyard.com/2012/12/23/the-unlocking-of-americas-cement-playground-dogtown-z-boys/https://selvedgeyard.com/2012/12/23/the-unlocking-of-americas-cement-playground-dogtown-z-boys/http://tonyhawk.com/bio/http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Tony_Hawk.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Tony_Hawk.aspxhttp://www.skateboardingmagazine.com/the-evolution-of-skateboarding-a-history-from-sidewalk-surfing-to-superstardom/http://www.skateboardingmagazine.com/the-evolution-of-skateboarding-a-history-from-sidewalk-surfing-to-superstardom/http://www.classickicks.com/2014/01/get-a-grip-a-history-of-sneakers-vs-skateboarding/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z-Boyshttps://selvedgeyard.com/2012/12/23/the-unlocking-of-americas-cement-playground-dogtown-z-boys/https://selvedgeyard.com/2012/12/23/the-unlocking-of-americas-cement-playground-dogtown-z-boys/http://tonyhawk.com/bio/