Definition

� Junction between 2 or more bones

� It is a device to permit movement

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Classification

SYNARTHROSIS

AMPHIARTHROSIS

DIARTHROSIS

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Classification

REGIONAL

SIMPLE

COMPOUND

COMPLEX

4

A. Structural classification-1. Fibrous joints

Sutures PLANE SUTURE SERRATE SUTURE

1. Fibrous joints

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Sutures DENTICULATE SUTURE SQUAMOUS SUTURE

1. Fibrous joints

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SuturesSchindylesis

A. Structural classification1. Fibrous joints

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Gomphosis

Syndesmosis

Cartilaginous Joint� Primary cartilaginous or

Synchondrosis.

� Epiphyseal plate

� 1st chondrosternal joint

� Costochondral joint

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Cartilaginous Joint

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• Secondary cartilaginous or symphysis.

SYNOVIAL JOINTS

CHARACTERSTICS:-

1. Articular cartilage2. Articular capsule 3. Synovial membrane

with Synovial fluid4. Ligaments5. Articular disc or

meniscus.6. Bursa.

Acc. To axis of movement/shape of articular surfaceUniaxial Biaxial Polyaxial Plane

1 degree freedom of movement

2 degree freedom of movement

3 degree freedom of movement

Articularsurface flat

1.Hinge 1.Ellipsoid 1.Ball & socket

2.Pivot 2.Saddle

3.Condylar

UNIAXIAL JOINTSHINGE (Ginglymus)-� 1. Elbow joint.

� 2. Ankle joint.

� 3. Interphalangial joints .

UNIAXIAL JOINTS

Pivot type: ( Trochoid)

1. Atlanto axial joint

2. Superior & inferior radioulnar joints.

UNIAXIAL JOINTS� Condylar joint

1. Knee joint

2. Mandibular joint

Acc. To axis of movement/shape of articular surfaceUniaxial Biaxial Polyaxial Plane

1 degree freedom of movement

2 degree freedom of movement

3 degree freedom of movement

Articularsurface flat

1.Hinge 1.Ellipsoid 1.Ball & socket

2.Pivot 2.Saddle

3.Condylar

BIAXIAL JOINTS� Ellipsoid joint

� 1. Radio carpal joint( Wrist joint)

� 2. Metacarpophalangealjoints

� 3. Atlanto-occipital joint.

BIAXIAL JOINTSSaddle (Sellar) joint

1. 1st Carpometacarpal joint of thumb

2. Sterno - Clavicular joint.

3. Calcaneocuboid joint.

4. Incudomalleolar joint.

5. Femoropatellar joint

Acc. To axis of movement/shape of articular surfaceUniaxial Biaxial Polyaxial Plane

1 degree freedom of movement

2 degree freedom of movement

3 degree freedom of movement

Articularsurface flat

1.Hinge 1.Ellipsoid 1.Ball & socket

2.Pivot 2.Saddle

3.Condylar

POLYAXIAL JOINTS• Ball & socket / spheroidal joints.� 1. Shoulder joints.� 2. Hip joint� 3.Talo-calcaneo-navicular joint.

Acc. To axis of movement/shape of articular surfaceUniaxial Biaxial Polyaxial Plane

1 degree freedom of movement

2 degree freedom of movement

3 degree freedom of movement

Articularsurface flat

1.Hinge 1.Ellipsoid 1.Ball & socket

2.Pivot 2.Saddle

3.Condylar

PLANE (Gliding ) JOINTS

� 1. Intercarpal joints.

� 2. Inter-tarsal joints.

� 3. Intervertebral joints.

MOVEMENTSTYPES

1.Gliding

2.Angular� Flexion� Extension

MOVEMENTS (Cont..)� 3. Abduction- Axis

� 4. Adduction - Axis

5. Rotation

MOVEMENTS (Cont..)

� 6. Circumduction

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Blood Supply of Joints� Articular & epiphysial branches.

� circulus articularis vasculosus.

� The articular cartilage is avascular.

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Nerve Supply of Joints• Capsule & Ligaments : Rich

nerve supply

• Synovial membrane : Poor nerve supply

• Articular cartilage : Non –nervous

• Hiltons law

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Dislocation of Joint

� Articular surface of joint are abnormally displaced.

� Subluxation:

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Sprain (Ligament Tear)

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Arthritis� Types :

� Rheumatic� Rheumatoid � Osteoarthritis� Tuberculosis

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Joint Prostheses

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�� ArthroplastyArthroplasty

Synovial cyst

Arthroscopy

� DEFINITION� CLASSIFICATION� SYNOVIAL JOINTS� BLOOD SUPPLY� NERVE SUPPLY� APPLIED ASPECTS

Classification

SYNARTHROSIS

AMPHIARTHROSIS

DIARTHROSIS

36

Classification

REGIONAL

SIMPLE

COMPOUND

COMPLEX

37

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