ULTRASONIC DISTANCE MEASURE ROBOT [ULTRA-4]

Abstract

Ultrasonic sensors are ideally suited to accurate, automatic distance measurement in normal and difficult environments. Ultrasonic sensors are particularly suitable for environments where optical sensors are unusable such as smoke, dust and similar. Ultrasonic sensors are very accurate, stable and can be used over large ranges. Ultrasonic sensors can measure the following parameters without contacting the medium to be measured Distance Level Diameter Presence Position Ultrasonic sensors make accurate measurements in many difficult environments and unusual materials. Measurements are unaffected by: Material Surface Light Dust Mist and Vapour ULTRA-4 or ultrasonic distance measure robot is a robot which perform many action such as it gives the actual position of wall or obstacle which comes in front of it, measures the distance which displayed by 7-segment and also show the moving images of the objects by camera. The application area of ultra-4 is very wide such as rescue operations, spy robot, versatile use in autonomous technology, use in mining, it has found essential use in light industry (e.g. toy industry) agriculture and power engineering and used in car parking system.

COMPONENTS USE IN ULTRASONIC DISTANCE METER CIRCUIT

1. IC1 - AT89C2051 microcontroller 2. IC2 - ULN2003 current buffer 3. IC3 - CD4049 hex inverting buffer 4. IC4 - LM324 quad operational amplifier 5. IC5 - 7815, 15V regulator 6. IC6 - 7915, -15V regulator 7. IC7 - 7805, 5V regulator 8. T1-T4 - BC557 pnp transistor 9. T5 - 2N2222 npn transistor 10. D1, D2 - 1N4148 switching diode 11. D3-D6 - 1N4007 rectifier diode 12. DIS1-DIS4 - LTS 542 common-anode, 13. 7-segment display Resistors (all -watt, 5% carbon): 14. R1, R2 - 2-mega-ohm 15. R3 82 - kilo-ohm 16. R4, R7-R10 - 10-kilo-ohm 17. R5 - 33-kilo-ohm 18. R6 - 100-kilo-ohm 19. R11 - 1-kilo-ohm 20. R12-R15 - 1.2-kilo-ohm 21. R16 - 220-ohm 22. RNW1 - 10-kilo-ohm resistor network 23. VR1 - 1-kilo-ohm preset

Capacitors: 24. C1, C2 - 3.3nF ceramic disk 25. C7, C10-C12 - 0.1F ceramic disk 26. C3 - 2.2nF ceramic disk 27. C4 - 10F, 16V electrolytic 28. C5, C6 - 22pF ceramic disk 29. C8, C9 - 1000F, 50V electrolytic

Miscellaneous: 30. X1 - 230V AC primary to 31. 15V-0-15V, 500mA secondary transformer 32. XTAL - 12MHz crystal 33. S1 - Push-to-on switch 34. S2 - On/off switch 35. TX1 - 40kHz ultrasonic transmitter 36. RX1 - 40kHz ultrasonic receiver

2. COMPONENTS USE IN RF ROBOT 1. IC 1 - L293D Motor Driver IC 2. IC 2 - RX28 3. IC 3 - AT 89S8253 Microcontroller 4. IC 4 - 7805, 5V regulator 5. XTAL - 10MHz crystal oscillator 6. T1-T4 - SS8050 transistor 7. C1 - 470 F Capacitors 8. C2 - 4.7 F Capacitors 9. S1 - Push-to-on switch 10. R1 - 5.6 ohm register 11. R2 - 10k ohm register 12. D2 - 1N4148 switching diode 13. RNW1 - 10-kilo-ohm resistor network 14. Motor - 300 RPM 15. Caster wheel 16. Wheel - 12cm dia

3. COMPONENTS USE IN CAMERA PART 1. Camera module 2. LDR 3. USB power supply

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF DISTANCE METER MODULE

PCB Layout

APPLICATIONS OF ULTRA -4

1. ULTRA -4 can do the measurement of length, width in narrow zone.(like dangerous pit) 2. It is Use in RESCUE OPRATIONS. 3. Use as SPY ROBOT. 4. Versatile use in AUTONOMUS TECHNOLOGY. 5. Use in MINING. 6. It has found essential use in LIGHT INDUSTRY (e.g. toy industry) AGRICULTURE AND POWER ENGINEERING. 7. It is used in CAR PARKING.