The The Renaissance Renaissance

and and ReformationReformationChapter 17

What was the Renaissance?What was the Renaissance?

• Renaissance = Rebirth

• 1350-1550 in European history was a rebirth in art and learning

• Subjects the Greeks and Romans studied

• Renaissance = Rebirth

• 1350-1550 in European history was a rebirth in art and learning

• Subjects the Greeks and Romans studied

Why Italy?Why Italy?• Center of the Roman Empire• Wealthy cities in the 1300s, they could

afford to pay painters, sculptors, architects• Italy was divided into independently run city-

states which competed with each other• This competition brought out the

Renaissance

• Center of the Roman Empire• Wealthy cities in the 1300s, they could

afford to pay painters, sculptors, architects• Italy was divided into independently run city-

states which competed with each other• This competition brought out the

Renaissance

Renaissance ItalyRenaissance Italy

What were the Famous City-States of Italy?

What were the Famous City-States of Italy?• Florence- most famous, produced

many artists. The Medici family was Florence’s richest.

• Venice- wealthiest. Sailors and shipbuilders. Used canals instead of roads.

• Genoa• Milan• Rome

• Florence- most famous, produced many artists. The Medici family was Florence’s richest.

• Venice- wealthiest. Sailors and shipbuilders. Used canals instead of roads.

• Genoa• Milan• Rome

The Rise of Italian City-States

The Rise of Italian City-States

• No ruler could unite Italy• City-states fought many wars over territory• They became wealthy through trade because of

Italy’s location• Were linked to the “east” during the middle ages

(Marco Polo), gained many new items• Each was ruled by one powerful man• Niccolo Machiavelli – wrote how a ruler should

maintain power – The Prince 1513

• No ruler could unite Italy• City-states fought many wars over territory• They became wealthy through trade because of

Italy’s location• Were linked to the “east” during the middle ages

(Marco Polo), gained many new items• Each was ruled by one powerful man• Niccolo Machiavelli – wrote how a ruler should

maintain power – The Prince 1513

Machiavelli believed rulers should do whatever it takes to

maintain power “It is better to be feared than

loved”

Machiavelli believed rulers should do whatever it takes to

maintain power “It is better to be feared than

loved”

New Ideas & New Ideas & ArtArt

Section 2

Renaissance Humanism

Renaissance Humanism• Humanism – way of understanding the world

that believed that the individual and human society were important

• Francesco Petrarch- studied Roman writers• Dante Alighieri – poet, wrote the “The Divine

Comedy”• Chaucer – wrote “The Canterbury Tales”• Johannes Gutenberg- develop the printing

press

• Humanism – way of understanding the world that believed that the individual and human society were important

• Francesco Petrarch- studied Roman writers• Dante Alighieri – poet, wrote the “The Divine

Comedy”• Chaucer – wrote “The Canterbury Tales”• Johannes Gutenberg- develop the printing

press

Leonardo da Vinci

Michelangelo Buonarroti

Raphael Sanzio

-Scientist & Artist

-Dissected corpses

-Famous notebooks

-The Last Supper

-Mona Lisa

-Painted, sculpted and designed buildings

-Sistine Chapel ceiling

-The David

-Moses

-Painter

-Frescoes

-The School of Athens

Renaissance Men

Da VinciDa Vinci

The Last Supper

MichelangeloMichelangelo

RaphaelRaphael

William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare

• Renaissance spreads north to England• Writer of tragedies, comedies, and historical

plays• Introduced over 1,000 words to the English

language• Hamlet, Macbeth, A Midsummer Night’s

Dream, and Romeo & Juliet among others!

• Renaissance spreads north to England• Writer of tragedies, comedies, and historical

plays• Introduced over 1,000 words to the English

language• Hamlet, Macbeth, A Midsummer Night’s

Dream, and Romeo & Juliet among others!

Read “A Midsummer’s Night Dream” On pages 627-632 and answer questions 1-5 on page 632. Questions will be Collected.

The The Reformation Reformation

BeginsBeginsSection 3

Calls for Church ReformCalls for Church Reform

• Reformation – many wanted to “reform” the Catholic church

• Many believed the church taxed people too heavily and spent lavishly

• Indulgences – sold by the church to reduce a punishment for sin

• Reformation – many wanted to “reform” the Catholic church

• Many believed the church taxed people too heavily and spent lavishly

• Indulgences – sold by the church to reduce a punishment for sin

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Orthodox_Indulgence.jpg

Martin LutherMartin Luther• 1517 – challenged the Catholic

Church and led a movement known as Protestantism (to Protest)

• Believed that only faith = salvation• Ninety Five Theses – arguments

against indulgences (Wittenberg)• Excommunicated by Pope• Created his own denomination

(branch)

• 1517 – challenged the Catholic Church and led a movement known as Protestantism (to Protest)

• Believed that only faith = salvation• Ninety Five Theses – arguments

against indulgences (Wittenberg)• Excommunicated by Pope• Created his own denomination

(branch)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/95Thesen.jpg

Lutheranism Lutheranism

1. Faith in Jesus, not good works brings salvation

2. The Bible is the final source of truth about god, not priests.

3. Church is all believers, not just the clergy

1. Faith in Jesus, not good works brings salvation

2. The Bible is the final source of truth about god, not priests.

3. Church is all believers, not just the clergy

John CalvinJohn Calvin

• Calvinism – agreed w/ Luther but added some new ideas

• God decides everything in advance, including who will go to heaven and hell: Predestination

• To prove they were “chosen” people lived good lives and worked hard

• Kings couldn’t run the church

• Became the Puritans

• Believed in theocracy-church led government

• Calvinism – agreed w/ Luther but added some new ideas

• God decides everything in advance, including who will go to heaven and hell: Predestination

• To prove they were “chosen” people lived good lives and worked hard

• Kings couldn’t run the church

• Became the Puritans

• Believed in theocracy-church led government

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Portrait_john_calvin.jpg

Catholics & Catholics & ProtestantsProtestants

Section 4

Counter ReformationCounter Reformation• 1500s & 1600s Catholic Church set out to

defeat Protestantism = Counter – Reformation

• Bloody wars were fought until 1648• Pope Paul III formed the Council of Trent to

fix the Catholic Church• Jesuits – Society of Jesus, pope’s agents to

spread Catholicism • Catholic kings sent missionaries to convert

• 1500s & 1600s Catholic Church set out to defeat Protestantism = Counter – Reformation

• Bloody wars were fought until 1648• Pope Paul III formed the Council of Trent to

fix the Catholic Church• Jesuits – Society of Jesus, pope’s agents to

spread Catholicism • Catholic kings sent missionaries to convert

Pope Paul III

More Counter ReformationMore Counter Reformation• The Thirty Years’ War-worst religious war of the

Reformation – Protestants to the North of Europe, Catholics to the South

of Europe

• The Spanish Inquisition – Catholic Court used to combat heresy

– Executed 2,000 Spaniards

• King Henry IV of France a Catholic king allowed French Protestants (Huguenots) to worship

• The Thirty Years’ War-worst religious war of the Reformation

– Protestants to the North of Europe, Catholics to the South of Europe

• The Spanish Inquisition – Catholic Court used to combat heresy

– Executed 2,000 Spaniards

• King Henry IV of France a Catholic king allowed French Protestants (Huguenots) to worship

FranceFrance

Inquisition

Henry IVOf Spain

Henry VIII King of England

Henry VIII King of England

• Ruled 1509 – 1547

• 6 wives (2 divorces, 2 beheaded) because he wanted a son

• Pope refused his request for annulment, makes like the marriage never happened

• 1534 The Act of Supremacy declared the king head of the Church of England not the pope

• The Anglican Church

• Ruled 1509 – 1547

• 6 wives (2 divorces, 2 beheaded) because he wanted a son

• Pope refused his request for annulment, makes like the marriage never happened

• 1534 The Act of Supremacy declared the king head of the Church of England not the pope

• The Anglican Church

The Six Wives of Henry VIII

The Six Wives of Henry VIII

Back and Forth in EnglandBack and Forth in England

• Henry’s daughter Mary becomes queen in 1553 and restores Catholicism

• Arrested Protestants and had 300 burned at the stake, “Bloody Mary”

• After 5 years Mary died, her half-sister takes the throne--Elizabeth

• Queen Elizabeth I – restored the Anglican Church and became a great leader

• Henry’s daughter Mary becomes queen in 1553 and restores Catholicism

• Arrested Protestants and had 300 burned at the stake, “Bloody Mary”

• After 5 years Mary died, her half-sister takes the throne--Elizabeth

• Queen Elizabeth I – restored the Anglican Church and became a great leader

Bloody Mary

Elizabeth I

ENDEND