Social Science - clil.santillana.es · and created by the Primary Education department at...

PR

IMA

RY

Richmond

Social ScienceTEACHER’S BOOK

Social Science 4 is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana, under the supervision of Teresa Grence Ruiz.

WRITER Kerry Powell

MANAGING EDITOR Sheila Tourle

PUBLISHER Sue Ashcraft

EDITOR Hazel Geatches

PROOFREADING James Price Vassilia Katte

ContentsIntroduction

Key competences �� IV

Multiple intelligences �� V

Student’s materials �� VI

Teacher’s resources �� VII

Student’s Book ��VIII

Teacher’s Book �� X

Student’s Book contents ��XIII

Studying geography �� 4

Studying history �� 6

Lesson plans

TERM 1

Unit 1 �� 8

Unit 2 �� 18

Unit 3 �� 28

Term revision �� 40

TERM 2

Unit 4 �� 42

Unit 5 �� 52

Unit 6 �� 62


TERM 3

Unit 7 �� 76

Unit 8 �� 88

Unit 9 �� 98


Audio transcripts �� 110

Answer key �� 113

II

Student’s Book 4 contents

nine 3

CONTENTS

Unit Reading Topics Know how to

1 Rocks and landscapes

8

White gold The Earth’s crust and rocks

Rocks and minerals

The relief of Spain

Make an index card about a rock.

2 Weather and climate

18

What’s the temperature?

The atmosphere

World climate zones

Climates of Spain

Make weather data graphs.

3 Water 28

Crystal clear water The hydrosphere

Fresh water

The rivers of Spain I

The rivers of Spain II

Make a tourist brochure about river sports.

TERM 1 REVISION

4 Landscapes 42

A beautiful landscape Types of landscapes

Landscapes in Spain I

Landscapes in Spain II

Make a National Park index card.

5Spain and the European Union

52

A place to enjoy Spain in Europe

Spain’s territorial divisions

Organization of the state

Interpret a political organization chart.

6 Population and the economy

62

Uncontacted tribes How to study population

The distribution of population

Where people work I

Where people work II

Describe a production process.

TERM 2 REVISION

7 Prehistory 76

Atapuerca and Homo antecessor

The Palaeolithic Age

The Neolithic Age

The Metal Ages

Prehistoric art

Put historical events in chronological order.

8 Ancient history of Spain

88

The story of the golden apple

The Iberians and the Celts

Early colonizers: the Greeks

Phoenicians and Carthaginians

Identify Greek gods.

9 Ancient history: the Romans

98

Pompeii: a city frozen in time

The Roman conquest

Life in Hispania

The Roman legacy

Make a timeline.

TERM 3 REVISION

three 3

XIII

Population and the economy 6

SUGGESTED TIMING FOR THE UNIT

This unit introduces the subject of different types of populations and changes in populations. It looks at the three economic sectors of Spain and the different jobs and services in each sector.

Unit outline

Know how toTalk about population

Identify the different sectors of the economy

Final taskDescribe a production

process

How to study population


Population and the economy

Where people work – the primary and secondary sectors

Where people work – the tertiary sector

62 A

January February March

Unit contents

CONTENTS

• How to study population

• The density and distribution of population in Spain

• People who work in the primary sector

• People who work in the secondary sector

• People who work in the tertiary sector

VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURES

• Population: birth rate, census, death rate, emigrant, gender, immigrant, inhabitant, population, (municipal) register, senior citizen; active (population), densely (populated), inactive (population), sparsely (populated)

• Sectors of the economy: agriculture, construction, craft, factory, farming, fishing, health, industrial process, industry, mining, natural resource, production line, raw material, tourism, trade, transport; primary (sector), secondary (sector), tertiary (sector); manufactured

• Trade: export, import; domestic, foreign

KNOW HOW TO

• Read and understand a text about uncontacted tribes

• Distinguish between different groups of populations

• Identify densely and sparsely populated areas in Spain

• Distinguish between the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the economy

• Identify the products of the three economic sectors

WORK WITH THE PICTURE

• Interpret population data from a graph

• Identify where people live on a map of Spain and use a key to describe the population density

• Distinguish between the education sector and trade sector

SPEAKING

• Imagine living in another country and describe what life is like

• Describe making a manufactured product

• Describe a job in tourism

WRITING• Define population

• Explain why people emigrate

FINAL TASK • Describe a production process

VALUES EDUCATION

• Respecting ethnic tribes

• Showing compassion towards newcomers to a community

62 B

Uncontacted tribes

In the Amazon rainforest there are tribes who have no contact with the rest of the world. They are called uncontacted tribes. They live in the dense vegetation of the rainforest.

Uncontacted tribes are groups of native people who live in nature, isolated from civilization. They preserve their ancient traditions and speak their own languages. They know nothing about the modern world.

Drug gangs working in the rainforests are a danger to these people. Illegal wood loggers destroy the rainforest these people need to survive. Uncontacted people often don't have any immunity to common diseases. A cold or influenza can destroy a whole tribe. There are now laws to protect these people from the outside world.

6.1

Who are uncontacted people?

Where do they live?

Name some dangers to uncontacted people.

How are they protected?

SPEAKING. Imagine you go to live in another country with your family. Tell your partner what your new life is like.

Read and understand


KNOW HOW TO

Talk about population.

Identify the different sectors of the economy.

FINAL TASK


62 sixty-two

Population and work

The people who live in a place are called inhabitants.

What do we call the total number of people who live in a place?

There are many different types of jobs. Some people work in agriculture. Some people work in factories. Other people provide services for people.

Can you name a job from each of these sectors?

WHAT DO YOU REMEMBER?

sixty-three 63

Objectives• Tointroducethemaintheme

oftheunit

• Toactivatepreviousknowledgeaboutpopulationandwork

• Tofindoutaboutuncontactedtribes

Key language• Keyvocabularyandstructures:

agriculture, civilization, danger, disease, drug gang, factory, immunity, influenza, population, rainforest, tradition, tribe; ancient, common (diseases), dense, illegal, isolated, native (people), uncontacted (tribe); destroy, preserve, protect, survive

Presentation• AskSs:What can you see in the

picture? What do you know about the tribes of the Amazon rainforest?

Playtrack 6.1.Sslistenandread.Ask:What is dense vegetation? Why do you think the tribes have been uncontacted?

Read and understand• Readthroughthequestionsasa

class.Elicitanswers.

• Ssbrainstormdifferentcountriestheycouldlivein.Theychooseonecountry.(EncouragesomeSstochoosearemotearealiketheAmazonrainforest.)Thenask:What is the same? What is different? Do you like your new life? Why? Why not?Sscompletethespeakingactivityinpairs.

Know how to• Explain:In this unit, you will find out

how populations are studied. You will learn about population density and the distribution of the population in Spain. Then you will find out about the different economic sectors where people work.

• Explainthefinaltask:In this unit, you will describe a production process.

6.1

Reinforcement• Ontheboard,writealistofthecharacteristicsofthelifestyleofsome

uncontactedtribes:thepeopleliveindensevegetation;theyspeaktheirownlanguages,etc.Ssmakemoresuggestions:theyhuntanimalsforfood,theyliveingrasshuts,theywearclothesmadefromanimalskins,etc.

Extension• Ssworkingroups.TheysearchtheInternetforinformationaboutthe

uncontactedtribesoftheAmazonrainforestinBrazilandPeru.Theyfindoutwherethetribesliveandwhatproblemstheyface.Thentheyfindoutwhatpeoplecandotohelptoprotectthesepeople’swayoflife.

62

Uncontacted tribes

In the Amazon rainforest there are tribes who have no contact with the rest of the world. They are called uncontacted tribes. They live in the dense vegetation of the rainforest.

Uncontacted tribes are groups of native people who live in nature, isolated from civilization. They preserve their ancient traditions and speak their own languages. They know nothing about the modern world.

Drug gangs working in the rainforests are a danger to these people. Illegal wood loggers destroy the rainforest these people need to survive. Uncontacted people often don't have any immunity to common diseases. A cold or influenza can destroy a whole tribe. There are now laws to protect these people from the outside world.

6.1

Who are uncontacted people?

Where do they live?

Name some dangers to uncontacted people.

How are they protected?

SPEAKING. Imagine you go to live in another country with your family. Tell your partner what your new life is like.

Read and understand


KNOW HOW TO

Talk about population.

Identify the different sectors of the economy.

FINAL TASK


62 sixty-two

Population and work

The people who live in a place are called inhabitants.

What do we call the total number of people who live in a place?

There are many different types of jobs. Some people work in agriculture. Some people work in factories. Other people provide services for people.

Can you name a job from each of these sectors?

WHAT DO YOU REMEMBER?

sixty-three 63

UNIT 6

Reinforcement• Inpairs,Ssmakealistofdifferentjobstheycanremember.Thentheywork

withanotherpairandtaketurnstonameanddescribethedifferentjobs.

Work with the picture• Sslookatthephotoatthetopof

page63.Ask:What can you see in the photo?ExplainthattribesintheAmazonclearsmallareasoftheforesttobuildtheirhouses.Theymaketheirhousesfrombananaorpalmleaves,straw,bambooandwood.Thewomennormallycook,dothehousework,growcrops,fishandtakecareofthechildren.Themenhuntandfish.

What do you remember?• Beforereadingthetext,askSs:

Where are the people in the picture? Where do most people live and work?Elicitanswersandwritethemontheboard.

• Readthetextaloudwiththeclass.Thenaskthequestions.Elicitanswersfromthewholeclass.

63

Values education• Asaclass,discusshowpeoplefromoutsidecanaffecttheuncontacted

tribesoftheAmazon.Ask:Do we have the right to destroy their homes and way of life? How can we help and protect these people?

PopulationPopulation is the number of inhabitants that live in a place. The population of Spain is about 46.5 million people. The population of the European Union is about 507 million people.

In every autonomous community the inhabitants live in various cities, towns or villages. The municipal register and census provide information about these people.

The municipal register is a list of the inhabitants of a municipality. It includes each person’s age and address. The local council updates this register every year.

The census is a list of the inhabitants of a municipality, a province or a country. The census includes information such as education, work, type of house, etc. This list is updated every ten years. 1

How to study populationThe population of a place can be divided into different categories:

Gender. We count the number of men and the number of women.

Age. Inhabitants are divided into three different age groups: children are 0 to 15 years old; adults are 16 to 65 years old; senior citizens are over 65. 2

Activity. The population is divided into two groups. Active population: This group includes all adults who are able to work. Some people are employed and other people are unemployed. Inactive population: This group includes children under 16, and adults who are either too ill to work, or who are retired.

6.2

2 The population of Spain.

1 The census. Interviewers collect information from different homes.


Look at the graph.

What age groups are there?

Which is the biggest age group? Which is the smallest age group?

Are there more children or senior citizens?

WORK WITH THE PICTURE6.3

jóvenes7.075.637

adultos31.718.285ancianos

8.335.861

662328_04_p52_poblacion_grupos_edad

children 7,075,637 adults

31,718,285senior citizens 8,335,861

64 sixty-four

birthrate immigration

death rate emigration

decreases

increases

Changes in populationThe population of a place changes over time. Babies are born, and some people die. Sometimes people move to another town. The changes in population are caused by the birth rate, the death rate, emigration and immigration. 3

The birth rate is the number of babies born in a place in one year.

The death rate is the number of people who die in a place in one year.

Emigrants are people who leave one place to go and live in another place.

Immigrants are people who come to live in a place.

When the number of people born in a place is greater than the number of people who die, the population increases. When the number of immigrants is greater than the number of emigrants, the population increases.

Population is the number of inhabitants that live in a place. The population of a place changes over time.

6.4

3 Changes in population.

ACTIVITIES

1 WRITING. What is population? Write a definition in your notebook.

2 Read and correct the sentences.

The municipal register is updated every month.

The census is updated every year.

The active population includes retired people.

The death rate is the number of babies born.

Immigrants are people who leave a place.

3 VALUES EDUCATION. Imagine an immigrant child has recently started in your class. How can you make the child and their family welcome in your community?

6.5

6

sixty-five 65

Objectives• Tolearnhowtostudypopulation

• Tolearnaboutfactorsthataffectthepopulation


activity, age, birth rate, census, death rate, emigration, gender, immigration, inhabitant, population, register; active (population), employed, inactive (population), municipal (register), retired, unemployed

Presentation• Reviewlargenumberswiththe

class.Explainthatwhenwewritelargenumbers,wegroupthedigitsinthreesandseparatethembyacomma.Giveexamples:1,000; 25,000; 210,450,etc.

Practice Play‘Population’ontrack 6.2.Ss

listenandread.Ask:What is the population of Spain? Where is this information kept?What is the difference between the municipal register and the census?Sslookatpicture1.Ask:Who is the man on the right?What questions do you think he is asking?

• Play‘Howtostudypopulation’ontrack 6.2.Sslistenandread.Ask:What categories can we divide the population into?What is the difference between and active and inactive population?

Work with the picture• Sslookatthepiechart.Ask:

What does the pie chart show?Inpairs,Ssanswerthequestions.

• Playtrack 6.3oftheClassAudio.Sslistenandcompareanswers.

6.2

6.3

Reinforcement• Asaclass,Ssdecidewhichpartofthepopulationtheybelongto.Writea

modelontheboardforSStocopyintotheirnotebook:I am a (girl). I am (ten) years old, so I belong to the inactive population.

Extension• SssearchtheInternetforinformationtakenfromthelatestcensusfortheir

townorvillage.Theyfindoutthepopulationandseehowmanycategorieshaveavailabledata(genderratio,active/inactivepopulation,etc.).

64

PopulationPopulation is the number of inhabitants that live in a place. The population of Spain is about 46.5 million people. The population of the European Union is about 507 million people.

In every autonomous community the inhabitants live in various cities, towns or villages. The municipal register and census provide information about these people.

The municipal register is a list of the inhabitants of a municipality. It includes each person’s age and address. The local council updates this register every year.

The census is a list of the inhabitants of a municipality, a province or a country. The census includes information such as education, work, type of house, etc. This list is updated every ten years. 1

How to study populationThe population of a place can be divided into different categories:

Gender. We count the number of men and the number of women.

Age. Inhabitants are divided into three different age groups: children are 0 to 15 years old; adults are 16 to 65 years old; senior citizens are over 65. 2

Activity. The population is divided into two groups. Active population: This group includes all adults who are able to work. Some people are employed and other people are unemployed. Inactive population: This group includes children under 16, and adults who are either too ill to work, or who are retired.

6.2

2 The population of Spain.

1 The census. Interviewers collect information from different homes.


Look at the graph.

What age groups are there?

Which is the biggest age group? Which is the smallest age group?

Are there more children or senior citizens?

WORK WITH THE PICTURE6.3

jóvenes7.075.637

adultos31.718.285ancianos

8.335.861

662328_04_p52_poblacion_grupos_edad

children 7,075,637 adults

31,718,285senior citizens 8,335,861

64 sixty-four

birthrate immigration

death rate emigration

decreases

increases

Changes in populationThe population of a place changes over time. Babies are born, and some people die. Sometimes people move to another town. The changes in population are caused by the birth rate, the death rate, emigration and immigration. 3

The birth rate is the number of babies born in a place in one year.

The death rate is the number of people who die in a place in one year.

Emigrants are people who leave one place to go and live in another place.

Immigrants are people who come to live in a place.

When the number of people born in a place is greater than the number of people who die, the population increases. When the number of immigrants is greater than the number of emigrants, the population increases.

Population is the number of inhabitants that live in a place. The population of a place changes over time.

6.4

3 Changes in population.

ACTIVITIES

1 WRITING. What is population? Write a definition in your notebook.

2 Read and correct the sentences.

The municipal register is updated every month.

The census is updated every year.

The active population includes retired people.

The death rate is the number of babies born.

Immigrants are people who leave a place.

3 VALUES EDUCATION. Imagine an immigrant child has recently started in your class. How can you make the child and their family welcome in your community?

6.5

6

sixty-five 65

UNIT 6

Reinforcement• Sswritethedefinitionsforbirthrateanddeathrateintheirnotebooks.

Extension• Ssworkinpairs.TheyfindouthowmanyimmigrantstherewereinSpainlast

yearandwheretheycamefrom.Theycomparethisdatawiththepreviousyearandsaywhethertheimmigrantpopulationisincreasingordecreasing.

Practice Playtrack 6.4.Sslistenandread.

Ask:What affects the population?(Birthrate,deathrate,emigrationandimmigration.)

• Sslookatthepicturesin3.Ask:Why do populations decrease? Why do populations increase?

Activities1 Ssread‘Population’onpage64

again.Ask:What is a population?Thenwritethefollowingsentencesontheboard:Population is the number of emigrants that live in a place. The population of a place stays the same over time.AskSs:Are the sentences true or false?Sscorrectthemistakesasaclass.

2 Readthroughthesentencesasaclass.Inpairs,Sswritethecorrectedsentencesintheirnotebooks.

• Playtrack 6.5oftheClassAudio.Sslistenandcomparetheiranswers.

6.4

6.5

KEY COMPETENCES

Ssdescribethesizeofpopulationfromapiechart.

65

Values education• Talkaboutthedifficultiesofmovingtoadifferentcountry.DiscusshowSs

couldmakeanimmigrantchildfeelwelcomeintheirschool.

1 Some reasons why people emigrate.

People move to different placesPeople are born in one place, but some move to live somewhere else.

There are many different reasons for this:

People move away to study in a different place.

People find work in a different place.

People move because of drought or famine in their country.

People move because of war in their country. 1

6.6


study work drought war

Population densitySome places have many inhabitants. Other places have very few inhabitants. Population density tells us if a place has a large or a small population.

If lots of people live in a small area, then the area is densely populated.

If few people live in a large area, then the area is sparsely populated. 2

This place is sparsely populated because it is a large area with few inhabitants.

This place is densely populated because it is a small area with lots of inhabitants.

5 ten people

2 Population density in two places.

66 sixty-six

Objectives• Tofindoutwhypeoplemoveto

differentplaces

• Todistinguishbetweendenselypopulatedandsparselypopulatedareas

• TofindoutwheretheinhabitantsofSpainlive


density, drought, famine, inhabitant, study, war, work; densely (populated), sparsely (populated); emigrate

Presentation• AskSstolookatthepicturesin1.

Explainthatthesepeoplearemovingtodifferentplaces.Ask:Why are these people moving?Elicitanswersasaclass.

• Explainthemeaningsofdroughtandfamine.Droughtoccurswhenthereisnorainforalongperiodandthereislittleornowater.Famineistheresultofadrought;thecropsfailbecausetheyneedwatertogrow.Peoplewhorelyonthecropshavenofood.

Practice Play‘Peoplemovetodifferent

places’ontrack 6.6.Sslistenandread.Ask:Why do people move to live somewhere else?

• Play‘Populationdensity’ontrack 6.6.Ask:What does population density tell us? Do few people live in a densely populated area?(No,lotsofpeopleliveinadenselypopulatedarea.)

• Sslookatdiagram2.Ask:How many people does one figure represent?(10.)Thenask:How many people are there in the first place?(100.)How many people are in the second place?(100.)Which place is bigger?(Thefirst.)Which place has the highest population density?(Thesecond.)

6.6

Reinforcement• Inpairs,Sstaketurnstodescribeoneofthescenesinpicturesin1.Givean

example:In this picture, there is a woman. She has a baby. They are in the street. There is a building on fire behind them.

Extension• Inpairsorsmallgroups,Ssfindouthowmanypeopleliveintheirregion.

Theyfindoutthepopulationofthebiggesttownorcity.Thentheyfindoutthepopulationofsomeofthesmallervillages.Theywritethetowns,citiesandvillagesonaposterandwritethepopulationofeachnexttotheplace.

66

Logical-mathematical

intelligence

Where people live in SpainSpain has a population of about 46.5 million people.

Most of the people live on the coast and in the big cities where there are many jobs. These places are densely populated.

Fewer people live inland, except in the big cities like Madrid and Zaragoza. In general, inland Spain is sparsely populated. 3

Population density tells us if a place has a large or a small population. In Spain, most of the people live on the coast and in the big cities.

6.7

F R A N C E

M O R O C C O

MADRID

A L G E R I A

RIOJA

MURCIA

CANTABRIAASTURIAS

NAVARRE

BALEARIC ISLANDS

Ceuta

Melilla

FRANCIA

PO

RT

UG

AL

ANDORRALEÓN

JAÉN

BADAJOZ

CÁCERES CUENCA

TERUEL

HUESCA

TOLEDO

SEVILLE

LLEIDA

LUGO

SORIA

BURGOS

ZARAGOZA

ALBACETECIUDAD REAL

CÓRDOBA

ÁVILA

HUELVA

CÁDIZ

GRANADA

ZAMORA

VALENCIA

ALMERÍA

SALAMANCA

PALENCIA

MÁLAGA

GUADALAJARA

OURENSE

SEGOVIA

GIRONA

A CORUÑA

BARCELONAVALLADOLID

ALICANTE

ÁLAVA

CASTELLÓN

TARRAGONA

PONTEVEDRA

VIZCAYAGUIPÚZCOA

LAS PALMASSANTA CRUZDE TENERIFE

657185_07_p67_Espana_densidad

AT

LA

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O

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AN

M e d i t er

ra

ne

an

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ea

C a n t a b r i a n S e a

A T L A N T I C O C E A N

N

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EW

0 95

kilometres

Scale

Look at the map. Do you live on the coast or inland?

Do you live in a city or in a small village?

Look at the key and say what the population density is like where you live.


657185_07_p67_leyenda_Espana_densidad

Sparsely populatedModerately populatedDensely populated

3 Population density map of Spain.

ACTIVITIES

1 WRITING. Write in your notebook four reasons why people migrate.

2 Copy and colour the map key in your notebook. Write the names of three provinces next to each colour.

6

sixty-seven 67

UNIT 6

Reinforcement• Inpairs,SstaketurnstosaythenameofaprovinceinSpain.Theirpartner

decidesiftheprovinceis:densely,moderately,orsparselypopulated.

Extension• Sschoosethreeprovinces:onesparselypopulatedprovince,onemoderately

populatedandonedenselypopulated.Theyfindoutwherethemaintownsandcitiesareineachprovincearelocatedandwhatthepopulationis.Thentheyfindoutwhypeoplemightcometothatprovince,forexample,toworkinthetouristindustry(Madridoronthecoast),tostudyatabiguniversity,etc.

Practice Playtrack 6.7.Sslistenandread.

Ask:What is the population of Spain? Where do most of these people live?

Work with the picture• Sslookatthemap.TellSstofind

theirregiononthemap.Thenask:Is it on the coast or inland?

• Sslookatthekey.Ask:What colour shows densely populated areas? What is the population like in the orange areas?Ssanswerthequestionsinpairs.

Activities1 Reviewthedifferentreasonswhy

peopleemigratefromtheircountries.Elicitthefourmainreasonsandwritethemontheboard.Thengiveamodelsentence:People emigrate for different reasons. Some people emigrate to study.Sswritethesentencesintheirnotebooks.

2 Sslookatthekeyonthemap.Ask:What does red represent? Which provinces are densely populated?Ssworkinpairsandcompletetheactivityintheirnotebooks.

6.7

67

KEY COMPETENCES

Ssunderstandhowandwhypopulationschange.

There are three main sectors of the economy: the primary sector, the secondary sector and the tertiary sector.

Jobs in the primary sectorIn the primary sector, workers obtain raw materials from natural resources, for example, products from plants, animals and the soil.

The primary sector includes jobs in crop farming, animal farming, fishing and mining.

In Spain, not many people work in the primary sector, only 4 out of 100 people. In the European Union, 5 out of 100 people work in this sector.

6.8

Where people work I

Crop farming

Crop farmers grow crops, vegetables and fruit.

Livestock farming

Livestock farmers keep animals to produce products like meat, eggs, milk and leather.

Fishing

Fishermen catch fish and shellfish.

Mining

Miners mine rocks, minerals and metals that are used in industry.

68 sixty-eight

Objectives• Todistinguishbetweentheprimary

andsecondarysectorsoftheeconomy

• Tolearnaboutjobsintheprimarysector

• Tolearnaboutjobsinthesecondarysector


activity, crop, factory, farming, fish, fishing, leather, livestock, lorry, metal, mineral, mining, process, production line, rock, sector, shellfish, shop assistant, soil, (cotton) thread, vegetable; industrial (process), manufactured (product), primary (sector), raw (material), secondary (sector)

Presentation• Sslookatthepicturesonpage68.

Ask:Can you remember from Book 3 which sector this is?(Theprimarysector.)Ask:Where do people in the primary sector work?(Injobsinnature.)

Practice Playtheintroductionand‘Jobsin

theprimarysector’ontrack 6.8.Sslistenandread.Ask:What are the three main sectors of the economy? What types of materials do people in the primary sector use?(Rawmaterials.)Where do these raw materials come from?(Naturalresources.)

• Playthesecondpartoftrack 6.8.Sslistenandread.Ask:What are the four types of jobs the speaker mentions?Elicitanswersandwritethemontheboard:crop farming,livestock farming,fishingandmining.Sscopythejobsintheirnotebooks.TellSstheyaregoingtolistentotherecordingagain.Theyhavetonotedowntherawmaterialsobtainedineachjob.Playtherecordingagain.Sslistenandwrite.Elicitanswers.

6.8

Reinforcement• Inpairs,Sstaketurnstoclosetheirbooks,andgivetruestatementsabout

therawmaterialsorjobsonpage68.Giveanexample:This raw material comes from crop farming.(Vegetables.)In this job workers obtains shellfish.(Fishing.)

Extension• Insmallgroups,Ssfindoutwhichoftheprimarysectorjobsonpage68they

canfindintheirregion.Thentheyfindoutwhatrawmaterialsareobtainedfromthesejobsintheregion.

68

Jobs in the secondary sectorThe secondary sector transforms raw materials into manufactured products. Industries in the secondary sector include factory work, the construction industry and craft industries.

In Spain, 22 out of 100 people work in this sector. In the European Union, 27 out of 100 people work in this sector.

IndustryIndustry is one of the most important activities in the secondary sector.

Many people work in factories. They use machines to transform raw materials into manufactured products. This is called the industrial process.

People work on production lines in factories. Each worker specializes in one part of the process.

In the primary sector, workers obtain raw materials from natural resources. The secondary sector transforms raw materials into manufactured products.

6.9

1 Name four activities in the primary sector. Are they jobs in big cities or in rural areas?

2 SPEAKING. Look at the photo. What are they making? Where are they making it?

ACTIVITIES

LEARN MORE

From cotton to T-shirts

1. Growing cotton

Cotton plants are grown in warm climates.

2. Making the fabric

In the factory, workers use machines to obtain cotton threads. The threads are woven into fabric by other machines.

3. Design and manufacture

Designers create the T-shirt design. Machines cut out the fabric shapes. Workers use machines to sew the fabric together.

4. Selling

The T-shirts are packed in boxes. Lorries take them to the shops. Shop assistants sell the T-shirts.

6

sixty-nine 69

UNIT 6

Reinforcement• SsreadagaintheLearn moresectiononpage69.Theydrawaflowdiagram

withpicturesandtextstoshowhowT-shirtsaremadefromcotton.

Extension• Ssinvestigatefactoriesintheirarea.Theyfindoutwhatthefactoriesmake,

howmanypeopletheyemploy,wheretherawmaterialscomefromandwhattheindustrialprocessis.Iftherearenofactoriesinthearea,theychooseawell-knownindustryinSpainandfindoutthesamefacts.

Practice Play‘Jobsinthesecondary

sector’ontrack 6.9.Sslistenandread.Ask:What happens in the secondary sector?(Rawmaterialsaretransformedintomanufacturedproducts.)What are some of the industries in this sector?

• Play‘Industry’ontrack 6.9.Sslistenandread.Ask:What happens in the industrial process?(Machinestransformrawmaterialsintomanufacturedproducts.)Where do some people work in the factories?(Onproductionlines.)

Learn more• Readthroughthetextasaclass.

Sslistenandread.Explainthatthisisanindustrialprocess.Ask:What is the raw material in 1?(Cotton.)Where are cotton plants grown?(Inwarmclimates.)Thenask:What do designers do? What happens to the T-shirts?

Activities1 Reviewtheactivitiesintheprimary

sector.Sslookbackatpage68tochecktheiranswers.Inpairs,Sscompletetheactivity.

2 AskSs:What can you see in the photo? Is it in the primary or secondary sector? How do you know?Elicitanswers.Ask:What is the car made of?(Metal.)How do you think they got the metal?(Frommining.)Writesentencepromptsontheboard:They are making a… They are making it in a…Ssdothespeakingactivityinpairs.

6.9

69

KEY COMPETENCES

Ssshowlogicalthinkingtodescribeaprocess.

Linguistic intelligence

Jobs in the tertiary sectorThe tertiary sector is also called the service sector. Workers in this sector provide us with trade, health, education and transport. 1

In Spain, 74 out of 100 people work in this sector. In the European Union, 68 out of 100 people work in this sector.

Trade Trade is the buying and selling of products, for example, when shopkeepers sell products to customers.

Trade connects products from the primary and secondary sectors with consumers.

Domestic trade means buying and selling products within a country. It includes products we buy in shops and supermarkets.

Foreign trade means buying and selling products to and from other countries. Imports are products we buy from other countries. Exports are products we sell to other countries.

6.10

Where people work II

1 Jobs in the tertiary sector. A. Teachers work in the tertiary sector. B. Supermarkets sell products to customers.

Which photo shows the education sector?

Which photo shows trade?


BA

70 seventy

Objectives• Tofindoutaboutthetertiarysector

• ToidentifydifferentactivitiesandjobswithintheservicesectorinSpain


airport, consumer, customer, export, health, import, lorry, port, tourism, trade, transport; domestic trade, foreign trade, service sector; buy, sell

Presentation• AskSs:What can you remember

about the tertiary sector from Book 3?SSsayalistofservices:health,education,etc.

Practice Play‘Jobsinthetertiarysector’

ontrack 6.10.Sslistenandread.Ask:What is another name for the tertiary sector? What are some of the services we get from this sector?(Health,education,tradeandtransport.)

• Play‘Trade’ontrack 6.10.Sslistenandread.Ask:What is trade?(Buyingandsellingproducts.)Why is trade important?(Itconnectsproductsfromtheprimaryandsecondarysectorswithconsumers.)

• Ontheboard,writedomestic tradeandforeign trade.Ask:What is the difference?(Different:domestic–buyingandsellinginacountry;foreign–buyingandsellingtoandfromothercountries.)

Work with the picture• SslookatpicturesAandB.Ask:

What can you see in picture A?(Studentsinaschool.)What can you see in picture B?(Alorryistransportinggoods.)Inpairs,Ssdescribethepicturestoeachother.Thentheyanswerthequestions.

6.10

Reinforcement• Asaclass,Ssmakealonglistofalltheservicestheycanthinkofthatare

availableinSpain.

Extension• Sscollectlabelsfromsupermarketproductsoveraperiodoftwoweeks.

TheyreadthelabelstodiscoveriftheproductsaremadeinSpainorareimportedfromabroad.Sscanmakeaclassbarchartwiththeresults:typicalimportstoSpainfromabroad.

70

Other servicesThere are other services apart from trade, such as education, health and financial services.

Transport and tourism are important services in Spain and the European Union.

6.11

Workers in the tertiary sector provide us with trade, health, education and transport.

Transport moves products and passengers, via roads, motorways, airports and ports. There are different means of transport, like planes, ships, trains and lorries.

All activities that relate to holidays are part of tourism. This includes transport, holiday companies, bars and restaurants.

1 Name three jobs that are in the service sector. Are these jobs important in Spain?

2 Look at the photos. Identify the services and jobs in each picture.

A B

3 SPEAKING. Describe a job in tourism for your partner to guess.

ACTIVITIES

6

seventy-one 71

UNIT 6

Reinforcement• Intheirnotebooks,Sswritefiveanagrams.Theychoosewordsinboldfrom

pages70and71.Thentheywriteadescriptionofeachwordintheirnotebooks,nexttotheanagram.Doanexample:proxtes:Products we sell to other countries.(Exports.)Sstaketurnstoworkouttheanagrams.

Extension• Insmallgroups,Ssfindoutaboutoneofthejobsintourism.Theyfindout

howthisjobprovidesaserviceandwhobenefitsfromtheservice.Thentheyfindoutmoreinformationabouttheworksomeoneinthisjobdoeseveryday.Sspresenttheirresearchasadiaryentry:A day in the life of…Sssharetheirdiarieswiththeclass.

Practice Playtrack 6.11.Sslistenand

read.Ask:What other important services are there in the tertiary sector?(Transportandtourism.)What means of transport are there?(Planes,ships,lorries,andtrains.)What is tourism?(Allactivitiesthatrelatetoholidays.)

Activities1 Reviewthejobsinthetertiary

sector.Thenask:Which jobs are important in Spain? Why?Sscompletetheactivityinpairs.

2 AskSs:What can you see in photos A and B? Where were the photos taken?(Insideaclassroom.Insideanaeroplane.)Elicitanswers.Sscompletetheactivityinpairs.

3 Say:This job is in the tourist industry. The person serves food to tourists when they are on holiday.(Awaiterinarestaurant).Ssdothespeakingactivityinpairs.

6.11

71

Describe a production process How does orange juice reach the consumer? Many different sectors and jobs are involved.

Analyse the photos.

1 Answer the questions.

What different jobs can you see?

What sectors of the economy can you see?

Order the process.

2 Put the pictures in order. Write sentences in your notebook to describe each stage of the process. Label each stage primary, secondary or tertiary sector.

First, the farmer grows the oranges. Then,…


3 Think of another product. Find photos or draw the production process in your notebook.

KNOW HOW TO

A B C

D E F

72 seventy-two

FINAL ACTIVITIES6

1 DIAGRAM. Copy and complete the diagram in your notebook.

emigration

the population decreases

births

are caused by

population changes

2 Draw a Venn diagram in your notebook comparing inactive population and active population. Complete it with these sectors of the population.

children adults senior citizens

3 Draw a table in your notebook. Classify these jobs into the primary, secondary or tertiary sector.

farmer teacher miner fisherman factory worker waiter engineer dentist architect

primary secondary tertiary

Show your skills

Choose and do one of these activities:

A. Draw a table in your notebook showing the number of boys and girls in your class. Then, draw a bar chart.

B. Prepare a presentation about a country you want to visit. Include information about its population, population density and its economic sectors.

C. ICT. Choose a job in the service sector. Search the Internet and write a brief description.

6.12

seventy-three 73

Objectives• Toapplyknowledgeacquiredin

theunittocarryoutatask

• Todescribeaproductionprocess


consumer, job, orange juice, process, sector, stage

Presentation• Sslookatthephotosofa

productionprocess.Ask:What is the product? What is the raw material?

• ExplaintoSsthattheyaregoingtodescribeaproductionprocess.Elicitwhatishappeninginthephotosasaclass:What is happening in picture A?(Someoneisbuyingsomeorangejuicefromasupermarket.)What is happening in picture B?(Someoneispickingoranges.)Etc.Continuetoaskandanswerquestionsaboutallthepictures.

• Readthetextaloud.Sslistenandfollow.Thenask:What different people and activities can you see?(Shopassistant,orangepicker,lorrydriver,consumer,puttingtheorangejuiceinbottles,checkingthelabelsontheorangejuice.)

• Ssreadinstructions1–3intheStudent’sBook.Inpairs,Ssdecidethecorrectorderoftheprocess.

• Insmallgroups,Sschooseanotherproduct.TheysearchtheInternettofindinformationandpicturesabouttheprocess.Sscompletetheactivityintheirnotebooks.

Reinforcement• Inpairs,Sswritetrueandfalsestatementsabouttheprimary,secondaryand

tertiarysectors.Giveanexample:Orange juice is a raw material.(False.Itisamanufacturedproduct.Orangesaretherawmaterials.)Ssworkwithanotherpairandtaketurnstoreadandcorrectthestatements.

Extension• Insmallgroups,Ssfindoutaboutanotherproductionprocess.Theydraw

picturesorfindphotosofthedifferentstagesoftheprocessanddescribetheprocess.Ssdisplaytheirworkonaposter.

72

Describe a production process How does orange juice reach the consumer? Many different sectors and jobs are involved.

Analyse the photos.

1 Answer the questions.

What different jobs can you see?

What sectors of the economy can you see?

Order the process.

2 Put the pictures in order. Write sentences in your notebook to describe each stage of the process. Label each stage primary, secondary or tertiary sector.

First, the farmer grows the oranges. Then,…


3 Think of another product. Find photos or draw the production process in your notebook.

KNOW HOW TO

A B C

D E F

72 seventy-two

FINAL ACTIVITIES6

1 DIAGRAM. Copy and complete the diagram in your notebook.

emigration

the population decreases

births

are caused by

population changes

2 Draw a Venn diagram in your notebook comparing inactive population and active population. Complete it with these sectors of the population.

children adults senior citizens

3 Draw a table in your notebook. Classify these jobs into the primary, secondary or tertiary sector.

farmer teacher miner fisherman factory worker waiter engineer dentist architect

primary secondary tertiary

Show your skills

Choose and do one of these activities:

A. Draw a table in your notebook showing the number of boys and girls in your class. Then, draw a bar chart.

B. Prepare a presentation about a country you want to visit. Include information about its population, population density and its economic sectors.

C. ICT. Choose a job in the service sector. Search the Internet and write a brief description.

6.12

seventy-three 73

UNIT 6

Objectives• Torevisekeyvocabularyand

conceptsfromtheunit

• TogiveSstheopportunitytoevaluatetheirownlearning


revisionofUnit6

Presentation• Reviewthedifferentaspectsof

populationasaclass:Ask:What is population? What are the main categories of a population?(Age,gender,activity.)What is an active population?(Adultswhoareabletowork.Thisincludesemployedandunemployedadults.)What is a sparsely populated region?(Aregionthathasfewpeople.)

Practice1 Sscopythediagramintheir

notebooks.Inpairs,theydiscusswhichwordsgointhegapsandcompletethetext.

• Playtrack 6.12oftheClassAudio.Sslistenandcomparetheiranswerswiththerecording.

2 Reviewthetermsactiveandinactivepopulationasaclass.ThendrawaVenndiagramontheboard.LabelonesideActiveandtheothersideInactive.Ssdrawthediagramintheirnotebooksandcompletetheactivity.

3 Writeprimary,secondaryandtertiaryontheboard.Elicitjobsforeachsectorandwritethemunderthecorrespondingheading.Sscopyandcompletethetableintheirnotebooks.

Show your skills• Readtheoptions.MakesureSs

understandtheactivitiesandallthevocabulary.

• PuttheSsintogroupsaccordingtotheactivitytheywishtodo.

6.12

Reinforcement• SsplayGuess the word.Sslookbackthroughtheunitandchoosefive

words.Theywritethemdownandgivethemtoyou.Dividetheclassintotwoteams.OneSfromeachteamcomestothefrontandsitswiththeirbacktotheboard.Writeoneofthekeywordsontheboard.Sscalloutclues.ThefirstSatthefronttoguesscorrectlywinsapoint.Doanexample:This is a job in the secondary sector. They create T-shirt designs.(Designer.)

Extension• Inpairs,Ssimaginetheyaregoingonholiday.Theylistthejobspeopledoat

differentstagesoftheholiday.Thentheywritewhatthejobinvolvesandwhateconomicsectoritbelongsto.Doanexample:Travel agent – helps to book a holiday – service sector; Engineer – makes part of the plane – secondary sector.

73

74 seventy-four

TEST YOURSELF

Check your vocabulary

active population all adults who are able to work.autonomous community the largest administrative division in Spain. birth rate the number of babies born in a place in one year. census the list of inhabitants in a municipality, province or country. Constitution the most important law in Spain. It was written and approved in 1978.Constitutional Court court formed by specialists in the law who review new laws.Council of the European Union institution composed of the ministers of the EU countries.Courts of Justice judges and magistrates who make sure that laws are respected.death rate the number of people who die in a place in one year.deforestation the loss of forest.emigrants people who leave one place to go and live in another place.euro currency that many EU countries share.European Commission institution formed by the commissioners. It governs the EU.European Court of Justice institution formed by one judge from each EU country.European Parliament institution that represents the citizens of the EU. It is composed of MEPs.European Union (EU) a political and economic organization which brings together twenty-eight European countries.

Government the President and the ministers. It directs the State.

Head of State the King. His main function is to represent Spain.

immigrants people who come to live in a place.

inactive population all children, adults too ill to work and retired adults.

municipality the smallest administrative division in Spain.

Parliament the Congress and the Senate. It develops and approves laws.

pollution the release of harmful substances into the air, water or land.

population the number of inhabitants in a place.

population density tells us if a place has a large or a small population.

primary sector jobs that obtain resources from nature.

province administrative division in Spain. Each autonomous community is divided into one or more province.

secondary sector jobs that turn raw materials into manufactured products.

tertiary sector jobs that provide services.

1 Name a densely populated province and a sparsely populated province.

2 Explain the major Spanish institutions.

Check your progressCopy and write the correct answers in your notebook.

1 Man-made elements include...

a. fields.b. lakes.c. rivers.

2 In Spain, inland landscapes are transformed by…

a. industry.b. farming.c. tourism.

3 The landscape of the Balearic Islands is...

a. Mediterranean.b. Atlantic.c. Inland.

4 The institution that represents the citizens of the EU is…

a. the European Parliament.b. the Council of the European Union.c. the European Commission.

5 Each autonomous community is divided into one or more…

a. state.b. municipality.c. province.

6 In Spain, the laws are approved by the…

a. Courts of Justice.b. Parliament.c. King.

7 The coastal areas of Spain are...

a. sparsely populated.b. moderately populated.c. densely populated.

8 The economic activity that produces manufactured goods is...

a. mining. b. industry.c. commerce.

9 The biggest economic sector in Spain is ...

a. the service sector. b. farming.c. construction.

Check your answers

Correct the wrong answers.

Write in your notebook the lessons that you need to practise again.

Geographers use bar graphs to compare information.

Look at the bar graph and answer the questions in your notebook.

What does the vertical axis represent?

What does the horizontal axis represent?

Which are the three most populated countries in the European Union?

Think like a geographer100

80

60

40

10

20

30

50

70

90

0

Ge

rma

ny

Un

ited

Kin

gd

om

Fra

nce

Italy Sp

ain

Millionpeople

662328_ponte_prueba_p91_poblacion_GEODOS

opción A

TERM 2

seventy-five 75

Objectives• Torevisethekeyconceptsof

Units4–6

• Toprovidedefinitionsofkeyvocabularyinordertoreviselanguageandthematicconcepts

• TogiveSstheopportunitytocompleteaself-assessmenttest

Key language• Keyvocabularyandstructuresfrom

Units4-6

Presentation• ExplaintoSsthattheyaregoingto

revisevocabularyaboutlandscapes,SpainandtheEuropeanUnionandpopulationandtheeconomythattheyhavelearntinTerm2.

• Finally,theywilldoaself-assessmenttesttochecktheirprogress.

Check your vocabulary• Inpairs,Sstaketurnstoreadout

thewordsandtheirdefinitions.Theycanchoosetwoorthreewordsandtrytosaythedefinitionstoeachotherwithoutlooking.

• Thentheytesteachother:oneSreadsoutadefinitionandtheirpartnersaystheword.Thentheyswaproles.

Key competencesLinguistic competence

• TheCheck your vocabularysectionencouragespracticeofcommunicationskillsbyaskingSstoreadandsaydefinitionsinEnglish.

Learning to learn

• TheCheck your vocabularysectionhelpsstudentstothinkupwaystomemorizeorrecallgeographicaldefinitions.TheCheck your progresssectionallowsSstoassesstheirownlearningandtotrytoimprovetheirperformance.

Competences in Mathematics, Science and Technology

• Inordertothinklikeageographer,itisnecessarytobeabletouselogicalreasoningtointerpretdataaboutpopulationsbeable.

74

74 seventy-four

TEST YOURSELF

Check your vocabulary

active population all adults who are able to work.autonomous community the largest administrative division in Spain. birth rate the number of babies born in a place in one year. census the list of inhabitants in a municipality, province or country. Constitution the most important law in Spain. It was written and approved in 1978.Constitutional Court court formed by specialists in the law who review new laws.Council of the European Union institution composed of the ministers of the EU countries.Courts of Justice judges and magistrates who make sure that laws are respected.death rate the number of people who die in a place in one year.deforestation the loss of forest.emigrants people who leave one place to go and live in another place.euro currency that many EU countries share.European Commission institution formed by the commissioners. It governs the EU.European Court of Justice institution formed by one judge from each EU country.European Parliament institution that represents the citizens of the EU. It is composed of MEPs.European Union (EU) a political and economic organization which brings together twenty-eight European countries.

Government the President and the ministers. It directs the State.

Head of State the King. His main function is to represent Spain.

immigrants people who come to live in a place.

inactive population all children, adults too ill to work and retired adults.

municipality the smallest administrative division in Spain.

Parliament the Congress and the Senate. It develops and approves laws.

pollution the release of harmful substances into the air, water or land.

population the number of inhabitants in a place.

population density tells us if a place has a large or a small population.

primary sector jobs that obtain resources from nature.

province administrative division in Spain. Each autonomous community is divided into one or more province.

secondary sector jobs that turn raw materials into manufactured products.

tertiary sector jobs that provide services.

1 Name a densely populated province and a sparsely populated province.

2 Explain the major Spanish institutions.

Check your progressCopy and write the correct answers in your notebook.

1 Man-made elements include...

a. fields.b. lakes.c. rivers.

2 In Spain, inland landscapes are transformed by…

a. industry.b. farming.c. tourism.

3 The landscape of the Balearic Islands is...

a. Mediterranean.b. Atlantic.c. Inland.

4 The institution that represents the citizens of the EU is…

a. the European Parliament.b. the Council of the European Union.c. the European Commission.

5 Each autonomous community is divided into one or more…

a. state.b. municipality.c. province.

6 In Spain, the laws are approved by the…

a. Courts of Justice.b. Parliament.c. King.

7 The coastal areas of Spain are...

a. sparsely populated.b. moderately populated.c. densely populated.

8 The economic activity that produces manufactured goods is...

a. mining. b. industry.c. commerce.

9 The biggest economic sector in Spain is ...

a. the service sector. b. farming.c. construction.

Check your answers

Correct the wrong answers.

Write in your notebook the lessons that you need to practise again.

Geographers use bar graphs to compare information.

Look at the bar graph and answer the questions in your notebook.

What does the vertical axis represent?

What does the horizontal axis represent?

Which are the three most populated countries in the European Union?

Think like a geographer100

80

60

40

10

20

30

50

70

90

0

Ge

rma

ny

Un

ited

Kin

gd

om

Fra

nce

Italy Sp

ain

Millionpeople

662328_ponte_prueba_p91_poblacion_GEODOS

opción A

TERM 2

seventy-five 75

Check your progress• ReviseUnits4–6inafunway.

DescribeoneoftheconceptstheSshavelearntduringTerm2.SeehowquicklytheycanfindthecorrespondingpageoftheStudent’sBook.

• Readallthequestionsinthetestandcheckunderstanding.

• Ssanswerthequestionsindividually,intheirnotebooks.

• Ssturntopage112oftheirStudent’sBooktochecktheiranswers.

• OnceSshavecorrectedtheirtest,theyshouldgobackthroughtheunitstounderstandanywronganswers.

Think like a geographer• Sslookatthegraph.Ask:What

does the graph show? Which EU country has the biggest population?(Germany.)How many people live there?(80millionpeople.)Which country is the least populated?(Spain.)Ssanswerasaclass.Sscompletetheactivityinpairs.

• Modelanswers:The vertical axis represents the number of people living in the country. Each 10 on the scale represents 10 million people. The horizontal axis represents five countries in the European Union. The three most populated countries in the European Union are Germany, the United Kingdom and France.

Answer keyPage 74

1 M.A.AdenselypopulatedprovinceisBarcelona.AsparselypopulatedprovinceisCuenca.

2 ThemajorSpanishinstitutionsare:

TheHeadofState–theKing.HerepresentsSpain.

TheParliament–CongressandtheSenate.Itmakesandapproveslaws.

TheGovernment–thePresidentandtheministers.ItdirectstheState.

TheCourtsofJustice–judgesandmagistrates.Theymakesurelawsarerespected.

Page 75

1 a., 2 b., 3 a., 4 a., 5 c., 6 b., 7 c., 8 b., 9 a.

75

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