RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATIONChapter 12

RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION1350 to 1600

This was a time period of great achievement and discovery.

ExplorationPrinting pressReligious reformLiteracy

RENAISSANCERebirth – meaning of renaissance

Rebirth of the old Roman and Greek worlds.

This is a time period which began in Italy and soon spread throughout Europe

RENAISSANCECHARACTERISTICS1. Renaissance was largely an urban

society.

City-states became the center of politics, economics, and social life.

As wealth accumulated in these urban societies, it became apparent that enjoyment of materialistic things were the focal point

RENAISSANCECHARACTERISTICS

2. It was an age of recovery from: The plague Political instability Decline in church power

Many reverted back to ancient thinking and philosophies

This revival affected both politics and art

RENAISSANCECHARACTERISTICS3. New view of human beings

emerged as people recognized individual abilities

Leonardo da Vinci- was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and mathematician

Well-rounded individual was very capable of achievements in many areas

PROTESTANT REFORMATIONThis is the name given to the religious

movement that divided the western church into Catholic and Protestant groups.

The reform started with:1. Changes to individual thought2. Christian humanism3. Eramus

PROTESTANT REFORMATIONChristian Humanists believed in

the ability of the human being to reason and improve themselves

Eramus, “philosophy of Christ”. Meaning that Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis.

He stressed inwardness of religion

PROTESTANT REFORMATIONEramus did not want to split the

Catholic church but to reform the ideology.

His idea of religion did pave the way for future reformation

PROTESTANT REFORMATION

Corruption in the church began the reformation.

The congregation felt as though the Pope failed to meet the obligation of a spiritual leader.

The leaders of the Papal States had become more involved in political battles than spiritual matters

PROTESTANT REFORMATIONAn example of this was:

Pope Julius II led an army against enemies and that disgusted many Christian followers.

Many of the church leaders were more concerned with money and the use of the church offices to advance their careers and wealth.

PROTESTANT REFORMATIONOrdinary people desired for

meaningful religious expression and assurance of their salvation.

Many to obtain salvation, the church collected relics.

Indulgence release for all or part of the punishment for sin. The church sold indulgence for reducing time in purgatory

PROTESTANT REFORMATIONMartin LutherHe was a monk that studied the Bible at the

University of Wittenberg in Germany.

His belief was that people could be saved through both their faith and good works’.

He also believed that “being made right before God” would earn that person salvation

This teaching would later lead to the Protestant Reformation

PROTESTANT REFORMATIONLuther did not like the idea of selling

indulgence

He became so upset by this practice that he sent a list to the church.

95 Theses was nailed on the church door.

It targeted the selling of indulgences

The archbishop of the church down played the list as a “drunken German who will amend his ways when he sobers up”

BREAK WITH THE CHURCH

By 1520, Luther called for the German princes to overthrow the papacy in Germany.

He also attacked the sacraments of the Catholic church

Two sacraments were kept:1. Communion2. Baptism

BREAK WITH THE CHURCHHe also called for the clergy to marry.

All of these changes were unacceptable and Luther was removed from the church.

Luther was sentenced to death and all his literature was to be destroyed.

Fredrick was unwilling to see him put to death and sent him into hiding and protected him when he returned to Wittenburg in 1522

RISE OF LUTHERANISMOver the next few years, Luther

gained support for the revolution.

Luther set up religious services to replace Catholic mass.

Luther became Lutheranism and later became the first Protestant faith

THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM & THE CATHOLIC RESPONSEJohn Calvin lead the charge after

his conversion to Protestantism.

His doctrines were very similar to that of Luther.

However, he placed an important emphasis on Predesination.

CALVINISMPredestination meant that God had

predetermined who would be saved and who would not.

This meant that all people who believed were doing God’s work on earth.

CALVINISMCalvin set a Church- Government in

a town called Geneva.

The Consistory was a body of people to enforce the moral discipline

Right to punish those not believing Punishments for dancing, obscene

language, and drunkenness

CALVINISMBy Calvin set up this city, made

Geneva a powerful center for Protestantism.

This belief soon replaced Lutheranism as the most important and dynamic form of Protestantism.

THE REFORMATION IN ENGLANDIn England, it was much different.

King Henry VIII was married to Catherine and they had a daughter, Mary.

He wanted a son to take over the throne.

THE REFORMATION IN ENGLANDKing Henry wanted a divorce. But the

Catholic religion would not allow that.

Henry, using his power, went to the head of the church and convinced him to grant an annulment. He married Anne Boleyn and she was crowned queen.

They had a girl, Elizabeth