Nitrogen pollution mapping at the European level ELPEN meeting, Udine, Italy 21-22 November 2002

Nitrogen pollution Nitrogen pollution mapping at the European mapping at the European

levellevelELPEN meeting, Udine, ItalyELPEN meeting, Udine, Italy

21-22 November 200221-22 November 2002

Vincent Delaunay

Project organisationProject organisation

Produce a European map of sensitivity of ground and surface water to nitrate leaching using abiotic factors (soil, climate…)

Produce nitrogen load balances in three European countries: Denmark, France and the Netherlands

Tree in ELPEN systemTree in ELPEN system

Nitrogen

Leaching sensitvity

Europe

Burns

Netherlands

Metamodel

Surplus

Organic nitrogen load

Soil nitrogen balance


Nitrogen

Leaching sensitvity

Europe

Burns

Surplus

Netherlands



Metamodel

I. Nitrate leaching sensitivity map

II. Nitrogen load: the Netherlands

Not presented


1. Application of Burns model, 1975 Example: the Netherlands

2. Burns results at the European level3. Burns model limits

II. Nitrogen load: Denmark, France, the Netherlands

1. Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA



1. Application of Burns model, 1975Example: the Netherlands

2. Burns results at the European level3. Burns model limits




Nitrogen surplus:

Soil

Atmosphere

Water

Run-Off

Volatilisation (NH3)

Leaching

Denitrification (N2, NO2)

Nitrogen surplus

Mineralisation

I. Nitrate leaching sensitivity mapI. Nitrate leaching sensitivity map

Major abiotic factors implicated in the definition of a leaching risk value for one area (available at the European level).

Map of vulnerability for nitrogen pollution of ground and surface

water

ClimatPrecipitations, Evapotranspiration

SoilTexture, Available Water Capacity, Depth, % of C

Land coverEffect of different types of

land uses (grassland, arable land…)


1. Application of Burns model, 19751. Application of Burns model, 1975

f = (Ed / (Ed + Vm/100))X

f: leaching nitrogen fraction contained in soil

This model permits to evaluate a leaching nitrate fraction on nitrate present in the soil, using soil and climate factor.


f = (Ed / (Ed + Vm/100))X

f: leaching nitrogen fraction contained in soil

Vm: defined using texture triangle and known Vm values

Vm: percentage volumetric field capacity

Percentage volumetric

field capacity

(Vm) – The Netherland

s


f = (Ed / (Ed + Vm/100))X

f: fraction of nitrate leached

X: in cm ; it is a factor that depends on the nitrate repartition considered in the soil.

X: If we assume nitrate is initially incorporate uniformly to ploughing depth (w=25 cm)

X = h – ½ wh: rooting depth


Rooting Depth – The Netherland

s


f = (Ed / (Ed + Vm/100))X


Ed: Amount of water draining though the soil, calculated from climatic MARS data

Ed = P – ETR

P: Precipitation

ETR: Evapotranspiration

ETR = ½ ETP (bare soil in winter: Maxima Map)ETR = ETP (grassland: Minima Map)

• Soil Available Water for Plants (SWAP) considered empty at the end

of August


Soil Water Available

for Plants – The

Netherlands

Amount of water draining throuth

the soil (Ed) – The Netherlands

The soil is satured with water available for the plants (SWAP)

Minima

Maxima


f = (Ed / (Ed + Vm/100))X


Ed: Amount of water draining though the soil, calculated from climatic MARS data

Ed = P – ETR

X: in cm ; it is a factor that depends on the nitrate repartition considered in the soil.


Nitrate leaching sensitivity (Burns

fraction) – The Netherlands

Minima

Maxima

Very strongStrongMediumWeak

Sensibility

2. Burns results at the european level2. Burns results at the european level

Nitrate leaching

sensitivity (Burns

fraction) – Europe


Sensibility

Minima

2. Burns results at the european level2. Burns results at the european level


Sensibility

Maxima

Nitrate leaching

sensitivity (Burns

fraction) – Europe

3. Burns model limits 3. Burns model limits

Do not apply Burns model when:

there is important denitrification (wet area, weak ground water depth)

there are slopes (moutains, hill)

there is important mineralisation (soil with high contens of organic matter) (need to be done)

Important denitrification

(wet area, weak ground water depth)

- Europe

Slopes (moutains,

hill)

- Europe

Important denitrification

and slopes

- Europe

Distinction of large sensitive areas

Extention to the European level

Extrapolation limits: Model validity

Validation by meseares



Nitrogen

Leaching sensitvity

Europe

Burns

Surplus

Netherlands



Metamodel


Burns Input Rooting depthSWAPVmEd (Edmax, Edmin)

Result fmaxfmin

Limitation Burns

SlopeDenitrificationMineralisation (need to be done)Corrected fmax (not presented)Corrected fmin (not presented)Validatio

n BurnsNeed to be done

I. Nitrate leaching sensitivity map1. Application of Burns model, 1975

Example: the Netherlands2. Burns results at the European level3. Burns model limits




II. Nitrogen loadII. Nitrogen load

1. Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA

Evaluation of the organic presure at national level.

Used data: Agricultural census at community level Estimation of spread of nitrogen quantity

produced per animal and per year: CoefA

1. Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA1. Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA

Calculated with national, then French coefficients

ONL = OF / UAA

ONL: Organic Nitrogen Load

OF: Organic fertilisationOF = CoefA x Number of

animals

Organic nitrogen load per ha - Dutch

coefficients

Organic nitrogen load per ha - French

coefficients


per ha - West of France

Organic nitrogen load per ha - French

coefficients - Danemark

1.Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA1.Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA

To show large livestock area Livestock density comparison between the

different European countries

Use estimation of spread nitrogen quantity and national agricultural census Different estimation of spread nitrogen quantity

per countries ? Difference in type of area used per countries ?

Discussion about the standard: 170 kg organic N par hectare (Nitrate Directive)

2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA2. Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA

COMMUNITY

Inputs:

Organic Fertilisation

(OF)

Mineral Fertilisation (MF)

Outputs:

Harvested arable crops

(HAC)

Crops used for fodder

(CF)

Balance = ( OF + MF ) – ( HAC + CF )

Global balance taking agricultural nitrogen at the canton « canton » level into account.


Balance = (OF + MF) – ( Outputs )

Mineral Fertilisation MF : Mineral Fertilisation

Regional fertilisers

purchase desagregation at

the community level

Organic Fertilisation OF = CoefA x Number of animals


Balance = (OF + MF) – (HAC + CF)


HAC = Coef x Yield x Area

Crops used for fodder : • Grazing livestock demand estimation

• Maize yield (and Alfalfa yield evalution)

Assessment of grazing grassland and grass for

fodder yield



Calculated with French coefficients

Mineral Fertilisation

Organic Fertilisation

Balance = (OF + MF) – (HAC + CF)



Nitrogen balance per

hectare UAA – French

coefficients

Nitrogen balance per

hectare UAA – West of France

Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA – French

coefficients - Danemark


Nitrogen balance comparable between different countries

Weak reliability of certain parameters: Mineral fertilisation Crops used for fodder

Results largely depending on parameters choices


Nitrogen

Leaching sensitvity

Europe

Burns

Surplus

Netherlands



Metamodel

Three risk indicators linked to the agricultural nitrogen: Nitrate leaching sensitivity (Burns fraction) Organic nitrogen load per hectare UAA Nitrogen balance per hectare UAA

Next work: Indicators validation Indicators relation (to know statiscal link

between them) Comparison with real nitrogen pollution

(field)data

ConclusionConclusion

Thank Thank you for you for

your your attentioattentio

nn

Nitrogen pollution mapping at the European level ELPEN meeting, Udine, Italy 21-22 November 2002

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