Grapevine breeding for resistance to downy and powdery mildew at

the University of Udine

UNIVERSITY OF UDINE, ITALYUNIVERSITY OF UDINE, ITALY

___________________________________________Project INNOWINE kickoff, June 21°, 2012, Novi Sad

Enrico PETERLUNGER, Gabriele DI GASPERO,

Simone CASTELLARIN, Raffaele TESTOLIN

Department of Agricultural and

Environmental Sciences

Modern viticulture is depending strongly upon

pesticides.

Vineyards in Europe on

3.3% of total agricultural land

but to preserve the grapes it is applied

65% of all fungicides used in agriculture,

farmers

damage for - man

consumers

- environment

- economy of the crop

Fungicide consumption in France

Fungicides (France)Fungicides (France)

00

50005000

1000010000

1500015000

2000020000

2500025000

3000030000

3500035000

4000040000

4500045000

19921992 19931993 19941994 19951995 19961996 19971997 19981998 19991999

YearsYears

To

nn

es d

e m

atiè

res

acti

ves

To

nn

es d

e m

atiè

res

acti

ves

CerealesCereales

GrapevineGrapevine

Other cropsOther crops

How did all this start?

• Plants and their pathogens co-evolute in a continous struggle for life

• one species not able of reproduction is destined to succumb

• Man can help that species to survive but such a choice has a cost ...........

• Most cultivated grape varieties are > 200 years old• Minimum contribution from breeding• Limited variability, also reduced by clonal selection

A brief hystory

from North America

-Phylloxera 1878

-Powdery mildew 1845

-Downy mildew 1868

Phylloxera grafting onto resistant rootstocks

breeding for resistant rootstock

PM, DM breeding for

resistant cultivars,

hybrids such as

Isabella, Noah,

Clinton, Baco…

but…

Resistance was achieved

Quality was not satisfactory

About 1960 Europe decided to ban hybrids

except…

eventual new selections “comparable”

to vinifera

Sources of resistance to diseases

30 American species (V. riparia, V. rupestris, Muscadinia ) 30 Asian species (V. amurensis, …)

• monogenic (non-host, HR) • poligenic

origin of sources of resistance

Downy mildewPowdery mildew Downy mildew

Powdery mildew?

Powdery mildew (ren1)

Kishmish vatkana

the breeding lines

susceptible (S) resistant (R) Chardonnay Bianca Cabernet S. 20/3 Merlot Regent Sauvignon Seyval Sangiovese Pannonia Tocai SK-00-1/2 ... ...

Demasculation and controlled pollination

The workplan

• 800+ accessions introduced into the repository• 270 + cross combinations• 16.000+ seedlings under evaluation• Selection for - resistance

- agronomical features- quality of musts

advanced evaluation

• nano-vinification of > 200 selections at UIV (VR) • wine testing for up to three years• advanced evaluation for 15 selections at VCR in Fossalon

[2010]

several advanced selections

Vc 80.024 Vc 55.084 Vc 80.111 Vc 34.004 Vc 80.100 Vc 55.100

Vc 58.083 Vc 32.078 Vc 31.125 Vc 31.122 Vc 57.001

tocai x bianca sauv x bianca tocai x bianca tocai x 20/3 tocai x bianca sauv x bianca

cab s x bianca cab s x 20/3 merlot x 20/3 merlot x 20/3 merlot x bianca

Future development of the breeding program

to combine together more than one resistence• combining resistences to different pathogens• combining more resistences to the same pathogen• 2 sources of resistance to downy and 2 to powdery mildew

to differentiate the product • sparkling base• long-lasting wines • dessert wines• table grape• ...

The new frontiers of selection:the marker-assisted selection

- Genome sequencing- No GMO- The selection is not carried out on phenotypic characters but on genes controlling them (e.g. resistance)

X

GTACGG GTACGT GTACGG GTACGT GTACGG GTACGG GTACGT GTACGG

GTACGG GTACGT

The new frontiers of selection:the selection for the aromatic profiles

7

Time12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.00 30.00 32.00 34.00 36.00 38.00 40.00 42.00 44.00 46.00

%

1

12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.00 30.00 32.00 34.00 36.00 38.00 40.00 42.00 44.00 46.00

%

2

3562_16 TOF MS EI+ TIC

2.00e516.25

14.07

13.56

33.6530.81

19.25

29.4824.36

20.15 21.11 22.3824.93

27.79

33.11

38.8234.06

36.31 37.85

45.83

39.47

3562_14 TOF MS EI+ TIC

2.78e516.26

14.07

13.57

30.81

24.93

19.25 24.3623.80

20.0722.38

29.48

25.1527.79

33.65

33.11

34.06

38.82

37.4245.82

39.47

bianca

chardonnay

- The impact of traditional viticulture needs to be considered

- A more healthy viticulture with lower production cost can be done,

without forgetting tradition

- The value of our products

is the territory,

with our tradition

and skills

- A resistant cultivar

can help future viticulture

to be more sustainable

Thanks for your attention!

Research conducted in cooperation with IGA- INSTITUTE OF APPLIED GENOMICS - Udine

and• Institute of Viticulture, Pécs, Hungary• Missouri State University, USA• INRA, Colmar, France• Université de Strasbourg, France• Genoscope, Paris, France• Institut für Rebenzüchtung, Geilweilerhof, Germany• University of Geisenheim, Germany• Unione Italiana Vini, Verona, Italy• University of Verona, Italy• CRA Istituto di Viticoltura, Conegliano, Italy

Support from• Region Friuli Venezia Giulia• MiPAF Projects Vigna & Vigneto• MiUR strategic projects PRIN• Vivai Cooperativi di Rauscedo• Banche di Credito Cooperativo of FVG• CR of Udine, Gorizia, Trieste• Consorzio Collio• Winemakers Felluga L, Felluga M, Zamò, Venica