French RevolutionRevolution led by a middle class

3 Classes or Estates in France

• First Estate:

The Church

• Second Estate:

3 Classes or Estates in France

The Nobility

• Third Estate:

3 Classes or Estates in France

Remainder of Population

Middle ClassWealthyEducatedProfessionals

Lowest ClassPoorPeasantsCity workers

Q. What inequality exists that may have angered members of the third estate?

3 Estate

1 Estate 2 Estate 1 Estate

3 Estate

3 Estate

2 Estate3 Estate

1. Economic gap between 3 classes or estates in France

Long Term Causes

2. Unfair Tax System

Long Term Causes3. Political inequalities for a frustrated Middle ClassFirst Estate Second Estate Third Estate

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Why Revolt in 1789?Immediate Causes

1. Enlightenment Period

Key Issues:

•Equality of man•Natural Rights•Responsibility of Government

2. Poor leadership of last 2 monarchs

Immediate Causes

Especially Louis the 16th

Immediate Causes

3. Financial CrisisCountry wasin debt

Crop failures

4. American Revolution

Immediate Causes

Why?

A. Helped Americans with money—hurt economy

B. Example to follow

Phases of the French Revolution

1. Moderate PhaseGoal: Create Constitutional Monarch

Method: Peaceful Protests, meetings

Result: New Constitution,New set of liberties-Declaration of the Rights of Man

2. Radical Phase

Phases of the French Revolution

Goal: Create a republic

Method: “Remove” king/ nobility, use Violence

Results: Mass executions- Reign of Terror

3. Conservative or

Reactionary Phase

Phases of the French Revolution

Goal: Restore peace/order

Method: Quick takeover of power by Napoleon

Result: Creation of Empire system— One ruler

The Rise of NapoleonWhy???

1. Product of French Revolution

2. Talented general who became a national hero

3. Joins coup that takes over Directory

Middle Class CorsicanRise through talent

Military VictoriesRestored order in Paris

(Corrupt govt.)Manipulates into becoming emperor

A. Invaded Spain/ Portugal leading to bloody revolutions

B. French blockade attempts of ports of trade anger allies

C. Created first Public Education system

D. Equal opportunities for government positions

E. Equalized Taxes for all Frenchmen

F. Women’s rights were taken away

G. Invasion of Russia cripples French Army

H. Continental System stifled European trade

J. Created uniform code of laws (Civic Code)

K. Created National Bank to handle debt

L. Citizens no longer enjoy freedom of speech/press

I. Spread ideas of revolution (equality and nationalism) to rest of Europeans

Downfall • Could not counter British navy

• Guerilla movements in Spain and Portugal

• Invasion of Russia

• Final defeat at Waterloo

Battle of Trafalgar- Napoleon’s first defeat

Winter and Size of Russia

Moscow

Paris

Route of French Army

After marching 2000 miles, army reached the city limits of Moscow

Downfall • Could not counter British navy

• Guerilla movements in Spain and Portugal

• Invasion of Russia

• Final defeat at Waterloo

Battle of Trafalgar- Napoleon’s first defeat

Winter and Size of Russia

combined European armies

Paris

Europe 1811

Shade:

French Empire

Controlled by Napoleon

At war with Napoleon

Europe 1815

Questions:

What is the most significant difference between Europe in 1811 and Europe in 1815?

What must have happened that accounts for this difference?