Developing an Improved Strategy for Valuing PQ
Transcript of Developing an Improved Strategy for Valuing PQ
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© 2017 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Bill Howe, PEProgram Manager, Power Quality
17th Annual PQSynergyTM International Conference and Exhibition
Chiang Rai, Thailand24 – 26 April 2017
Developing an Improved Strategy for
Valuing PQ
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Today’s Approach to “Managing” PQ
Maximum allowable limits
Allocation to existing loads
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Today’s Approach to “Managing” PQWhat’s missing from this picture?
Planning levels for most PQ phenomena are based on avoiding equipment damage and/or customer complaints
GOAL of the planning process is to allocate PQ to existing or planned loads
Missing:
– Goal of maintaining near-perfect PQ
– Opportunity for continuous correction, load-by-load
– Economic value of good PQ
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Today’s Approach to “Managing” PQSome PQ thresholds
Harmonics (IEEE 519-2014)
Flicker (IEC 61000-3-7)
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Today’s Approach to “Managing” PQ Illustration of thresholds
Threshold-based management of PQ can operate at different levels
Goal is to maximize connected load up to the maximum allowable contamination
Source: IEEE 1250
We can -- and must -- do better!
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Displacement Power FactorAn example of where we got it right (mostly)
Recognized Costs Resulting from Less-than-perfect PF– Additional generation capacity and operational costs
– Lost system capacity in transformers, conductors, etc.
– Additional I2R losses
– Costs for utility-side mitigation
Management Strategy
– Performance goal of near perfect PF (1.0)
– Expectation that each connecting load will be responsible for
Management Implementation
– Utility-side correction
– PF penalties and KVA tariffs
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Developing a New Model for Management of PQIncorporating Economical Drivers - Harmonics
Hard costs due to harmonics
– Additional generation capacity and operational costs
– Additional I2R losses in equipment and wiring
– Damage due to harmonic resonance
Soft costs due to harmonics
– Equipment heating / shortened life
– Increased chance of malfunction
– Lost system capacity
– Others
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Economic Factors for HarmonicsLost System Capacity - Conductors
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Economic Factors for HarmonicsEnergy Losses due to Harmonics - Conductors
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Economic Factors for HarmonicsHydro Quebec Analysis (2000)
Grid-wide analysis of harmonics based on IEC levels
Estimated cost of US$43M per year
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EPRI Scenario Analysis of Cost of Harmonics
V-thd at the substation: ~2%
V-thd peaks ~10%
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EPRI Scenario Analysis of Cost of HarmonicsBase Case – No filters
Percent increase in losses due to harmonics: 2.6%
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EPRI Scenario Analysis of Cost of HarmonicsBase Case – 3rd Harmonic Filters Added
Losses due to harmonics are 1.1% after vs. 2.6% before
Economic payback based only on these losses: ~11 years
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Economic Model for PQFuture Work
More sophisticated models of the economic impact of harmonics
– Additional generation capacity and operational costs
– Lost system capacity in transformers, conductors, etc.
Incorporation of other PQ phenomena
– Flicker
– Voltage Unbalance
– Transients
– Etc.
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