COSA Business Plan[1]

8/3/2019 COSA Business Plan[1]

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Business Plan for SUNY Alfred College Dairy Farmfor Implementation of SMART Farm Concept

Prepared by

James Grace Joan PetzenCornell Cooperative Extension Cornell Cooperative ExtensionSteuben County Allegany/Cattaraugus Counties3 East Pultney Square 28 Parkside DriveBath, NY 14810-1557 Ellicottville, NY 14731-9707

Phone: 607-776-9631 Phone: 716-699-2377, Ext. 124E-Mail: [email protected] E-Mail: [email protected]

The authors would like to acknowledge the previous work and report developed by the Alfred

State College Farm Task Force and the implementation plan produced by Agricultural

Development Services, LLC. Both documents were used in the development of this business

plan.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Business Objective

Alfred State College seeks to transition the College Farm to a sustainable grass based dairy

enterprise where contemporary and organic production practices can be learned and compared.

The SMART Farm concept includes utilization of leading edge technology for the management

of the dairy herd that will prepare students to work in a continuously changing industryenvironment. The primary purpose for the farm is as a learning laboratory for the Colleges

Agriculture and Veterinary Technology Programs. To be financially sustainable, the farm must

be able to generate enough revenue to support dairy operations on an annual basis.

Alfred State College Farm Resources

Land Base

Alfred State College Farm land base consists of:

370 Acres Total Farmland

125 Acres Woodland

95 Acres Permanent Pasture

150 Acres Tillable Land

41 Acres at Sugar Hill

45 Acres Close to the farmstead

64 Acres on top of the hill

The primary soil types include: Napoli, Almond, Hornellsville, and Ischua Channery Silt Loams.

All of these soils are characterized as frigid, very deep, somewhat poorly to moderately welldrained, low-lime, medium to fine textured glacial till soils with a fragipan depth ranging from

12 to 24 inches. They are marginally suited to cultivated crops. Seasonal wetness usually inhibits

tillage and harvesting activities. Growing seasons are generally cooler and shorter than typical for

lower elevations, and may limit the choice of some crops. These soils are better suited for hay

crops or permanent pasture. The soils, topography, and climate of the farm yields of hay crop

and pasture can be expected to be between 2 and 2.5 tons of dry matter per acre. With the

implementation of intensively managed grazing, yields can be expected to increase over 3 to 5

seasons to between 3 and 4 ton of dry matter per acre. See Appendix 1 for farm map and

complete description of the farms soils.

According to a Winter 2005 timber appraisal the farm forest presently has nearly 1300

marketable trees containing approximately 190,000 board feet of lumber. The timber value is

approximately $90,000 which could serve as a source of revenue for financing part of the cost of

developing the "SMART Farm." See Appendix 2 for timber appraisal.


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Dairy Herd

The present dairy herd consists of:

67 Milking Age Animals

12 Bred Heifers27 Pre-breeding Heifers

12 Calves less than 6 months of age

The dairy herd is noted for its strong genetic base and high productivity. The farm is presently

selling about 20,000 pounds of milk per cow per year.

Current Faculty & Staff

Farm Staff:

Peter Chatain, Farm Manager

Presently recruiting, Herd ManagerWalter Czworka, Head Farmer with Crop Manager Responsibilities

Department Faculty:

Chair

Vicki Bolton, Distinguished Teaching Professor and Chair, Department of Agriculture and

Horticulture

Animal Science Program

Dorothea Fitzsimmons, DVM, Assistant Professor and Program Coordinator

Veterinary Technology Program

Melvin Chamblis, DVM, Associate and Program Director

Cathy Bliss, Instructor

Tracy Martin, Instructional Support Associate

Dawn Bennett, DVM, Part-Time Faculty

Landscape Development

Lynn DuPuis, Assistant Professor and Program Coordinator

Larry Cornell, Instructional Support Associate

See Appendix 3 for resumes of current staff


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Capital Purchases Required for Development of SMART Farm

Livestock

80 Yearling heifers to transition to organic dairy production herd

20 Weaned Calves for replacements for organic herd in both years 1 and 2Machinery and Equipment

2 Vertical mixer wagons

Round bailer with processor

In-line bale wrapper

2 Skid loaders with defacers

Double-8 milking parlor

1200 Gallon bulk milk tank

16-unit milking system

Portable electric fence

2 Electric fencersPortable livestock scales

3 25-ton grain bins

Manure spreader

Afimilk computerized dairy farm management system

Buildings and Facilities

140-cow freestall dairy barn

Milking center

110-Head dairy heifer barn

Relocate and recover current calf barnGreen calf barn for 20 head

2 Feed storage pads/bunkers silos

Conventional Feed (40' x 140' x 8' or 40' x 110' x 10'

Organic Feed (30' x 80' x 12')

Permanent perimeter fence for pastures

Pasture laneways including fencing & drainage

Pond for water source for pasture system

Water deliver system for pasture

Sources of Capital to Support Investment

SUNY

Timber Sale

Industry Investment

Alumni Fund Raising Campaign

Grants and Contracts


5/45

Operating Plan

Dairy Herd Management Plan

The dairy herd would consist of 140 milking age animal plus replacements split into two parallelherds. One herd would be managed in accordance with organic standards outlined by the Federal

Organic Standards and the other conventionally. Both herds would be managed as grazing herds

in-season supplemented with a total mixed ration and fed a total mixed ration the remainder of

the year. The herds would be managed to optimize production within the resource constraints of

the quality of forage available for grazing and procured for stored feed.

Forage/Crop Management Plan

Forage Requirements

With the implementation of managed grazing forage yields are expected to gradually increaseover a 3 to 5 year time span. In the initial year of the plan, it will be necessary to purchase 45

tons of forage to supplement that available from the pastures. By the 4th year it is expected that

the farm will produce 360 tons of forage in excess of what is required for pasture. This forage

will reduce the amount of purchased forage required to support the winter feed needs of the herd.

Each year it will be necessary to purchase 730 tons of corn silage. In the first year, 390 tons on

conventionally produced hay crop will need to be purchased and 650 tons of organic hay crop. In

later years the hay crop purchased are expected to decrease to 216 tons of conventionally

produced and 500 tons of organically produced forage.

See Appendix 4 for detailed dairy rations and pasture requirement/availability spreadsheets

See Appendix 5 for draft grazing management plan

Personnel Plan

Based upon industry standards (45 cows per worker) for a dairy farm of 140 cows, the labor

requirement would be 3 full-time equivalent people (55 hours per week) or 8,580 hour per year

of labor and management. Based upon the constraint of the college setting which limits the work

week to 40 hours and require farm staff to work in support of teaching, the following table

outline the labor force required for the SMART Farm.


6/45

College Farm Labor Force

Worker Hours per week Total Hours per Year

Farm Manager 80% 32 1664

Herd Manager 80% 32 1664

Grasslands/Forage Manager 80% 32 1664

4 Part Time Students 4 x 15 3120

12 weeks Temporary Seasonal Labor 12 x 40 480

Total 8592

Three full-time managers (80% farm, 20% teaching) would collectively provide 4,992

hours each year devoted running the farm. The remainder of the labor force (4,160 hours) wouldprovided by 4 experienced part-time students, working 15 hours each week, and a 12-week

seasonal temporary worker working 40 hours each week . This staffing plan would yield 8,592

hours of labor, the equivalent of 3.0 full-time workers in the industry to achieve a labor

efficiency of 47 cows per worker. If inexperienced student workers are used, there would be a

need for 2 additional 15-hour per week students. This plan assumes that each of the managers

would spend 20% of their time in support of teaching. The initiation of any research,

demonstration or community outreach trials or projects would required additional labor to be

budgeted into the project costs.

This plan would require the elimination of the current head farmer/crop manager position

and the development of a new grasslands/forage manager position for farm. To maximize thestudent benefit from the SMART Farm two new faculty positions would be required to support

instruction in farm business management and grasslands and forage management. Current staff

and faculty would need to outline and implement a professional development plan to increase

their knowledge of the organic dairy production system. See Appendix 6 for job descriptions.

To comply with organic standards it will be necessary to provide adequate separation of

the organic and conventional livestock and their feedstuffs as outlined in the organic farm

operating plan required by certification agents.


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Typical Future Year Budget

The following table compares the present college farm operating budget to three

alternatives; 1)expansion to 125 cows managed conventionally, 2)expansion to 140 cows

managed conventionally, and 3)expansion to140 cows with one-half the herd being managed

organically and the other half conventionally. Clearly the greatest net return over operatingexpenses is achieved with the later alternative.

Cash Basis Present All All 1/2 Org, 1/2

after

changes

conventional

conventional

conventional

number of cows 65 125 140 140milk sold per cow 20,000 20,000 20,000 18,000milk sales in pounds 1,300,000 2,500,000 2,800,000 2,520,000price received-$/cwt. 13.69 13.69 13.69 19.00milk sales-$ 177,970 342,250 383,320 478,800

dairy cattle sales 11,115 15,100 16,912 16,912dairy calf sales 3,510 3,000 3,360 3,360other livestock sales 0 0 0 0crop sales 0 0

grain sales 0 0 0forage sales 0 0 0

government receipts 0 0 0custom machine work 0 0 0gas tax refund 0 0 $0other 5,156 0 0 0rent 0 0 0

Farm operating receipts $197,751 $360,350 $403,592 499,072

0 0


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EXPENSES 0 0

0 0Hired labor 85,000 125,000 132,442 132,442Feed 0 0

dairy grain &

concentrate

48,052 92,408 101,649 124,751

dairy roughage 26,000 50,000 55,000 65,415nondairy feed 0 0 0Machinery 0 0

machine hire, rent &

lease

4,420 3,000 3,000 6,000

mach. repairs & veh.

exp.

6,000 7,000 7,500 7,500

fuel, oil & grease 3,500 4,200 4,700 4,700Livestock 0 0

replacement livestock 0 0 0breeding fees 3,311 5,000 5,500 5,700veterinary & medicine 5,557 8,500 9,000 5,500milk marketing 0 0 0

bedding 6,500 5,000 5,000 5,000milking supplies 4,550 6,000 6,600 6,600cattle lease & rent 0 0 0custom boarding 0 0 0bST expense 5,031 10,000 11,000 11,000other livestock

expense

3,250 6,000 6,300 6,300

Crops 0 0fertilizer & lime 4,450 4,450 4,450 7,500seeds & plants 532 532 532 1,032spray & other crop

expense

0 0 0

Real estate 0 0

land, build., fence

repair

2,046 3,500 3,750 4,200

taxes 0 0 0rent & lease 0 0 0

Other cash expense 0 0insurance 0 0 0utilities (farm

share)

6,900 14,000 14,350 15,500

interest paid 0 0 $0miscellaneous 2,757 3,500 3,500 5,225

0 0Farm operating expenses $217,856 $348,090 $374,273 414365

0 $0

0 $0

0 0

Farm Operating Receipts $197,751 $360,350 $403,592 $499,072

Less: Farm O perating Expenses $217,856 $348,090 $374,273 $414,365

$0

Equals: Net Farm Operating

Income

-$20,105 $12,260 $29,319 $84,707


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Key Budget Assumptions

Milk Revenue

Milk price for conventional herd would be $13.69 per hundredweight and $24.00 for the

organic herd. Milk sales per cow would be 20,000 pounds of milk per cow in the conventionallymanaged herd and 16,000 pounds of milk per cow with the organic system

Labor Cost

Only 80% of the total cost of the three management positions would be expensed against

the farm the remaining 20% would be in support of teaching.

Feed Cost

The cost of organic concentrate feeds would be double the cost of conventional

concentrate feeds. Purchased roughage costs would be 50% higher for the organic forages thanfor conventional forages.

Veterinary and Medical costs

Veterinary and medical costs would be $50 per cow less for the organically managed

herd.

All other costs would remain the same in the organic and conventional production systems.

It is important to note that an ongoing farming operation requires annual reinvestment in

machinery and equipment in an amount equal to 15% of the total inventory value of allequipment to keep the capital stock of the enterprise in serviceable condition.


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Implementation Plan

The changes would be implemented in five stages beginning in the winter/spring of 2006 and

continuing through 2007. Each phase of implementation will involve an operating,

capital/construction purchase, and marketing aspect.

SMART Farm Implementation Plan

Operating Marketing/Procurement Construction

Phase I Winter/Spring 2006

Recruit and hire an

agricultural engineer to

develop the facility and site

plan

Begin enterprise accounting Identify local farmers to raiseorganic forage crops

Develop facility and site planincluding engineering

Begin grazing of replacement

livestock

Develop a plan for dairy herd

expansion

Develop a capital budget for

each phase of implementation

Assess funds currently

available to initiate plan

Develop a farm transition plan

for organic production

Outline capital campaign to

solicit funds from industry,

alumni, and private donors

Construct fences, water

system, and laneways for

grazing system

Identify potential grant

sources for funding capital

construction and curriculum

development

Solicit bids for construction

of cement pad and bunker

silos for forage storage

Phase II Summer 2006

Certify eligible crop and

pasture land for organic

production

Write and submit proposals

to granting agencies and

institutions for capital

construction and curriculum

development

Purchase 80 yearling heifers

and 20 weaned calves to

graze, transition to organic

production, and breed for

spring 2007 launch of organicdairy herd

Begin using grazing to

supplement the nutritional

needs of the milking herd

Launch capital campaign

seeking industry, alumni and

public support

Construct concrete pad and

bunker silos for forage

storage


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Begin transition to organic

production of any additional

crop acres needed to support

organic herd

Finalize engineering

specifications for milking

herd barn and milking center

Develop a comprehensivenutrient management plan for

the farm (NRCS Personnel)

Solicit bids for constructionof heifer/dry cow barn

Harvest hay crop from organic

cropland for winter feed for

organic heifer herd

Finalize site plan including

nutrient management

considerations

Phase III Fall 2006

Purchase balance of organic

feeds needed for organic

heifer herd

Construct heifer/dry cow barn

Complete site excavation for

milking herd barn and

milking center

Phase IV Winter 2006/2007

Manage conventional and

organic replacement herds

separately

Solicit bids for construction

of milking herd barn and

milking center

Phase V Spring /Summer 2007Begin milking organic dairy

herd

Purchase 40 replacement

heifers

Construct milking cow barn

and milking center


12/45

Implementation Operating Budgets

These budgets reflect the phase in of organic production beginning with the organic

management of 80 yearling heifers and 20 weaned calves in 2006. Pasture and hay crop yields

are anticipated to increase from 2 to 2.5 tons of forage per acre per year to 3.5 to 4 tons of forage

per acre per year over 3 to 4 years of intensively managed grazing.

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

RECEIPTS

number of cows 65 105 140 140 140

milk sold per cow 20,000 18000 18000 18000 18000

milk sales in pounds 1300000 203000 2520000 2520000 2520000

price received-$/cwt. 14 17 19 19 19

milk sales-$ 177,970 345100 478800 478800 478800

dairy cattle sales 11,115 16912 16912 16912 16912dairy calf sales 3,510 3360 3360 3360 3360

other livestock sales 0 0 0 0 0

crop sales 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

government receipts 0 0 0 0 0

custom machine work 0 0 0 0 0

gas tax refund 0 0 0 0 0

other 90000 0 0 0 0

rent $0 $0 $0 $0 $0

Farm operating receipts 282595 365372 499072 499072 499072

0 0 0 0 0


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EXPENSES 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

Hired labor 85,000 132442 132442 132442 132442

Feed 0 0 0 0 0dairy grain & concentrate 48,052 85000 124751 124751 124751dairy roughage 26,000 71026 65415 57916 53926

nondairy feed 0 0 0 0 0Machinery 0 0 0 0 0

machine hire, rent &

lease

4,420 4245 6000 8570 9630

mach. repairs & veh. exp. 6,000 7500 7500 7500 7500fuel, oil & grease 3,500 4700 4700 4700 4700

Livestock 0 0 0 0 0replacement livestock 0 0 0 0 0breeding fees 3,311 5500 5700 5900 6100veterinary & medicine 5,557 5500 5500 5500 5500milk marketing 0 0 0 0 0bedding 6,500 5000 5000 5000 5000milking supplies 4,550 6600 6600 6600 6600cattle lease & rent 0 0 0 0 0custom boarding 0 0 0 0 0bST expense 5,031 11000 11000 11000 11000other livestock expense 3,250 6300 6300 6300 6300

Crops 0 0 0 0 0fertilizer & lime 4,450 7000 7500 8000 8000seeds & plants 532 1032 1032 1032 1032spray & other crop

expense

0 0 0 0 0

Real estate 0 0 0 0 0land, build., fence

repair

2,046 4000 4200 4600 5000

taxes 0 0 0 0 0rent & lease 0 0 0 0 0Other cash expense 0 0 0 0 0

insurance 0 0 0 0 0utilities (farm share) 6,900 15000 15500 16000 16500interest paid 0 0 0 0 0miscellaneous 2,757 4050 5225 5175 5175

$0 $0 $0 $0 $0

Farm operating expenses 217,856 375895 414365 410986 4091560 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

Farm Receipts 282,595 365,372 499,072 499,072 499,072

Less: Farm Expenses 217,856 375895 414365 410986 409156

$0 $0 $0 $0 $0

Equals: Net Farm Operating Income 64739 -10523 84707 88086 89916


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Appendix 1

Soils Maps and Descriptions


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16/45

BRIEF SOIL MAP UNIT DESCRIPTIONS

ALFRED STATE COLLEGE FARM

Fall 2005

11D ISCHUA CHANNERY SILT LOAM, 15 to 25 percent slopes.

This is a frigid, moderately deep, moderately well drained, low-lime, channery

medium-textured soil formed in glacial till 20 to 40 inches thick over

siltstone and shale bedrock, at elevations over 1,800 feet. The available water

capacity is moderate. Permeability is moderate in the surface layer and upper

part of the subsoil, and moderate or moderately slow in the lower part of the

subsoil. This unit is marginally suited to cultivated crops due to the

moderately steep slopes. If tilled, recommended conservation practices

should be followed to reduce erosion and maintain the productivity of this

soil. Growing seasons are generally cooler and shorter than typical for lower

elevations, and may limit the choice of some crops. This unit is better suited

for hay crops or permanent pasture. The capability subclass is 4e.

11EISCHUA CHANNERY SILT LOAM, 25 to 35 percent slopes.

This is a frigid, moderately deep, moderately well drained, low-lime, channery

medium-textured soil formed in glacial till 20 to 40 inches thick over

siltstone and shale bedrock, at elevations over 1,800 feet. The available watercapacity is moderate. Permeability is moderate in the surface layer and upper

part of the subsoil, and moderate or moderately slow in the lower part of the

subsoil. This unit is unsuitable for cultivated crops due to the steep slopes

and erosion hazard. Use of this unit is generally limited to permanent pasture

or woodland. The capability subclass is 6e.


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14BHORNELLSVILLE SILT LOAM, 3 to 8 percent slopes.

This is a frigid, moderately deep, somewhat poorly drained, low-lime, fine-

textured soil formed in glacial till 20 to 40 inches thick over siltstone and

shale bedrock. The available water capacity is moderate. Permeability ismoderate in the surface layer, and slow through extremely slow in the subsoil

and substratum. This unit is marginally suited to cultivated crops. Seasonal

wetness usually inhibits tillage and harvesting activities. Growing seasons are

generally cooler and shorter than typical for lower elevations, and may limit

the choice of some crops. If tilled, recommended conservation practices


soil. This unit is better suited for hay crops or permanent pasture. The

capability subclass is 3w.

14CHORNELLSVILLE SILT LOAM, 8 to 15 percent slopes.

This is a frigid, moderately deep, somewhat poorly drained, low-lime, fine-

textured soil formed in glacial till 20 to 40 inches thick over siltstone and

shale bedrock. The available water capacity is moderate. Permeability is

moderate in the surface layer, and slow through extremely slow in the subsoil

and substratum. This unit is marginally suited to cultivated crops. Seasonal


generally cooler and shorter than typical for lower elevations, and may limitthe choice of some crops. If tilled, recommended conservation practices



capability subclass is 3e.


18/45

16AALMOND SILT LOAM, 0 to 3 percent slopes.

This is a frigid, very deep, somewhat poorly drained, low-lime, moderately

fine-textured soil formed in glacial till. The available water capacity is high.

Permeability is moderate in the surface layer, moderate or moderately slowin the subsoil, and slow through extremely slow in the substratum. This unit

is marginally suited to cultivated crops. Seasonal wetness usually inhibits

tillage and harvesting activities. Growing seasons are generally cooler and

shorter than typical for lower elevations, and may limit the choice of some

crops. This unit is better suited for hay crops or permanent pasture. The


16B

ALMOND SILT LOAM, 3 to 8 percent slopes.



Permeability is moderate in the surface layer, moderate or moderately slow

in the subsoil, and slow through extremely slow in the substratum. This unit

is marginally suited to cultivated crops. Seasonal wetness usually inhibits

tillage and harvesting activities. Growing seasons are generally cooler and


crops. If tilled, recommended conservation practices should be followed to

reduce erosion and maintain the productivity of this soil. This unit is bettersuited for hay crops or permanent pasture. The capability subclass is 3w.

16CALMOND SILT LOAM, 8 to 15 percent slopes.



Permeability is moderate in the surface layer, moderate or moderately slow

in the subsoil, and slow through extremely slow in the substratum. This unit

is marginally suited to cultivated crops. Seasonal wetness usually inhibitstillage and harvesting activities. Growing seasons are generally cooler and


crops. If tilled, recommended conservation practices should be followed to

reduce erosion and maintain the productivity of this soil. This unit is better

suited for hay crops or permanent pasture. The capability subclass is 3e.


19/45

17ESALAMANCA SILT LOAM, 25 to 35 percent slopes.

This is a frigid, very deep, moderately well drained, low-lime, moderately fine-

textured soil formed in glacial till. The available water capacity is high.Permeability is moderate in the surface layer and upper part of the subsoil,

and slow or very slow in the lower part of the subsoil and in the substratum.

This unit is unsuitable for cultivated crops due to the steep slopes and

erosion hazard. Use of this unit is generally limited to permanent pasture or

woodland. The capability subclass is 6e.

59DYORKSHIRE CHANNERY SILT LOAM, 15 to 25 percent slopes.

This is a frigid, very deep, moderately well drained, low-lime, channerymedium-textured soil formed in glacial till. The fragipan is at a depth of 14

to 26 inches. The available water capacity is moderate. Permeability is

moderate above the fragipan, and moderately slow or slow in the fragipan and

below. This unit is marginally suited to cultivated crops due to the moderately

steep slopes. If tilled, recommended conservation practices should be

followed to reduce erosion and maintain the productivity of this soil. Growing

seasons are generally cooler and shorter than typical for lower elevations, and

may limit the choice of some crops. This unit is better suited for hay crops

or permanent pasture. The capability subclass is 4e.

60BNAPOLI SILT LOAM, 3 to 8 percent slopes.

This is a frigid, very deep, somewhat poorly drained, low-lime, medium-

textured soil formed in glacial till. The fragipan is at a depth of 12 to 24

inches. The available water capacity is moderate. Permeability is moderate or

moderately slow above the fragipan, and moderately slow or slow in the

fragipan and below. This unit is marginally suited to cultivated crops. Seasonal

wetness usually inhibits tillage and harvesting activities. Growing seasons aregenerally cooler and shorter than typical for lower elevations, and may limit






20/45

60CNAPOLI SILT LOAM, 8 to 15 percent slopes.


textured soil formed in glacial till. The fragipan is at a depth of 12 to 24inches. The available water capacity is moderate. Permeability is moderate or









60DNAPOLI SILT LOAM, 15 to 25 percent slopes.


textured soil formed in glacial till. The fragipan is at a depth of 12 to 24

inches. The available water capacity is moderate. Permeability is moderate or



wetness usually inhibits tillage and harvesting activities and the moderatelysteep slopes present an erosion hazard. Growing seasons are generally cooler

and shorter than typical for lower elevations, and may limit the choice of

some crops. If tilled, recommended conservation practices should be followed

to reduce erosion and maintain the productivity of this soil. This unit is

better suited for hay crops or permanent pasture. The capability subclass is

4e.


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71EMONGAUP and ISCHUA CHANNERY SILT LOAMS, 25 to 35 percent

slopes, extremely stony

This map unit consists of the frigid, moderately deep, well drained, low-lime,

channery medium- to moderately coarse-textured Mongaup soil and the frigid,moderately deep, moderately well drained, low-lime, channery medium

textured Ischua soil. They formed in stony glacial till 20 to 40 thick over

sandstone and siltstone bedrock. 3 to 15 percent of the surface is covered

with stones. The available water capacity is low or moderate. Permeability is

moderate throughout both of these soils. This unit is unsuitable for

cultivated crops due to surface stoniness, steep slopes and erosion hazard.

Use of this unit is generally limited to permanent pasture or woodland. The

capability subclass is 7s.

71FMONGAUP and ISCHUA CHANNERY SILT LOAM, 35 to 70 percent

slopes, extremely stony.

This map unit consists of the frigid, moderately deep, well drained, low-lime,

channery medium- to moderately coarse-textured Mongaup soil and the frigid,

moderately deep, moderately well drained, low-lime, channery medium

textured Ischua soil. They formed in stony glacial till 20 to 40 thick over

sandstone and siltstone bedrock. 3 to 15 percent of the surface is covered

with stones. The available water capacity is low or moderate. Permeability ismoderate throughout both of these soils. This unit is unsuitable for

cultivated crops due to surface stoniness, steep slopes and erosion hazard.

Use of this unit is generally limited to permanent pasture or woodland. The

capability subclass is 7s.


22/45

73BGRETOR CHANNERY SILT LOAM, 3 to 8 percent slopes.

This is a frigid, moderately deep, somewhat poorly drained, low-lime, medium-

textured soil formed in glacial till 20 to 40 inches deep over sandstone and

siltstone bedrock. The available water capacity is low. Permeability ismoderate in the surface layer and subsoil, and moderate or moderately slow

in the subsoil. This unit is marginally suited to cultivated crops. Seasonal







73CGRETOR CHANNERY SILT LOAM, 8 to 15 percent slopes.

This is a frigid, moderately deep, somewhat poorly drained, low-lime, medium-

textured soil formed in glacial till 20 to 40 inches deep over sandstone and

siltstone bedrock. The available water capacity is low. Permeability is

moderate in the surface layer and subsoil, and moderate or moderately slow

in the subsoil. This unit is marginally suited to cultivated crops. Seasonal


generally cooler and shorter than typical for lower elevations, and may limitthe choice of some crops. If tilled, recommended conservation practices





23/45

132CWISCOY CHANNERY SILT LOAM, 8 to 15 percent slopes.

This is a very deep, somewhat poorly drained, low-lime, medium-textured soil

formed in glacial till 20 to 40 inches thick, overlying lacustrine sediments. It

has a fragipan at a depth of 10 to 16 inches. The available water capacity ismoderate. Permeability is moderate above the fragipan, slow or very slow in

the fragipan, and slow in the lacustrine substratum. This unit is marginally

suited to cultivated crops. Seasonal wetness usually inhibits tillage and

harvesting activities. If tilled, recommended conservation practices should

be followed to reduce erosion and maintain the productivity of this soil. This

unit is better suited for hay crops or permanent pasture. The capability

subclass is 3e.

177/177ANORCHIP SILT LOAM, 0 to 3 percent slopes.

This is a very deep, poorly drained, medium-lime, medium-textured soil

formed in glacial till. It has a fragipan at a depth of 8 to 20 inches. The

available water capacity is moderate. Permeability is moderate above the

fragipan, and slow through extremely slow in the fragipan and below. This unit

is generally unsuited to agriculture due to excessive wetness. The capability

subclass is 4w.

177BNORCHIP SILT LOAM, 3 to 8 percent slopes.

This is a very deep, poorly drained, medium-lime, medium-textured soil

formed in glacial till. It has a fragipan at a depth of 8 to 20 inches. The

available water capacity is moderate. Permeability is moderate above the

fragipan, and slow through extremely slow in the fragipan and below. This unit

is generally unsuited to agriculture due to excessive wetness. The capability

subclass is 4w.


24/45

Appendix 2

Timber Appraisal


25/45

Appendix 3

Current Staff Resumes


26/45

Appendix 4

Dairy Rations

and

Forage Requirement/Availability Spreadsheets


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Summary Report (Level Two Solution - 60lb cow, alfred state, 1/10/2006)

ME MP MET LYS Ca P K

Requirements (Mcal/day) (g/day) (g/day) (g/day) (g/day) (g/day) (g/day)

Maintenance 18.31 620 12 38 0 0 0

Pregnancy 0.48 16 0 1 0 0 0

Lactation 29.07 1256 22 76 33 27 41

Growth 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0

Net Required 47.86 1892 34 114 53 47 113

Total Required 47.86 1892 34 114 53 47 113

Total Supplied 50.27 2042 42 129 33 57 286

Balance 2.41 150 7 15 -20 10 173

Feed Costs Animal Performance

Cost per Animal/day : $ 6.00 DMI - Actual : 41.0 (lbs/day)

Cost per 100 lbs Milk/day : $ 10.00 DMI - Predicted : 43.9 (lbs/day)

Cost per 100 lbs ME Allowable Milk/day : $ 9.24 Inputted Milk Production : 60.0 (lbs/day)

Cost per 100 lbs MP Allowable Milk/day : $ 8 .94 ME Allowable Milk : 65.0 (lbs/day)

Cost per 100 lbs AA Allowable Milk/day : $ 8 .37 MP Allowable Milk : 67.2 (lbs/day)

Inc om e O ve r Fe ed Co st : $3 .09 (pe r h ea d/ da y) ME T A llo wa bl e M ilk : 8 0.0 (lb s/d ay)

LYS Allowable Milk : 71.7 (lbs/day)

Days to Gain 1 Condition Score : 326

Daily Weight Change due to Reserves: 0.7 (lbs/day)

Milk/Feed: 1.5

Diet Concentrations Rumen Values

Ration Dry Matter : 35% Dietary Lignin (%DM): 2.17 MP From Bact. : 1307 (g/day)

Apparent TDN : 71 (%DM) Dietary Lignin (%NDF): 6.25 MP From Undeg. Feed : 735 (g/day)

ME : 1.23 (Mcal/lb DM) Forage NDF Intake (%BW): 0.93 MP From Bact. : 64 (% MP Sup.)

NEm : 0.79 (Mcal/lb DM) MP From Undeg. Feed : 36 (% MP Sup.)

NEl : 0.79 (Mcal/lb DM) Starch: 0.00 (%DM) Peptide Balance : 51 (g/day)

CP : 14.6 (%DM) Propionic: 0.00 (%DM) % Peptide Balance : 130 (% of Req.)

Soluble Protein : 35% Sugar: 0.00 (%DM) Ruminal N Balance : 4 (g/day)

DIP : 67% Butyric: 0.00 (%DM) % Ruminal N Balance : 101 (% of Req.)

NDF : 34.8 (%DM) Lactic: 0.00 (%DM) % Reduction in FC Digestion : 0 (%)

peNDF : 24 (%DM) IsoButyric: 0.00 (%DM) Predicted Ruminal pH : 6.43

Physically Effective NDF Bal. : 0.3 (lbs/day) Acetic: 0 .00 (%DM) Excess N Excreted : 28 (g/day)

Total Forage in Ration : 66 (%DM) Predicted MUN : 9 (mg/dl)

Total NFC : 40% Urea Cost : 0.18 (Mcal/day)

Ca : 0.33 (%)

P : 0.42 (%)

DCAB1 (Simple) : 200 meq/kg

DCAB2 (Complex) : 115 meq/kg


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Amino Acid Ratios

Rulquin 2001 NRC Ideal

Required

2001 NRC Acceptable

RequiredSupplied Required

Methionine 2.03 % 2.50 % 2.40 % > 2.10 %

Lysine 6.33 % 7.30 % 7.20 % > 7.00 %

Summary of Animal Inputs Summary of Environmental Inputs

Animal Type : Lactating Dairy Cow Previous Temp erature : 6 0.0 deg F

Age : 52 months Current Temperature : 60.0 deg F

Shrunk Body Weight : 1400 (lbs) Humidity : 40%

Mature Weight : 1400 (lbs) Wind Speed : 1.00 (mph)

Condition Score (1-5) : 3.0 Coat Condition : No Mud

Milk Production : 60.0 (lbs/day) Housing Type : Intensive Grazing

Days Pregnant : 120

Lacatation Number : 2

Days in Milk : 180

Diet Summary

Feed Name DM (lbs/day) As-Fed (lbs/day)

Pasture- Grass - Spring (108) Well Managed 14.000 60.870

GrassSil 16Cp55Ndf6Lndf Coarse 4.383 12.523

Corn Gnd. - Grain56 (407) Fine Meal 11.184 12.709

Soybean - Whole Roasted (522) Medium 1.376 1.529Bicarbonate Sodium 0.430 0.430

Dicalcium - Phosphate (810) 0.215 0.222

Minvit2 0.430 0.434

Salt (831) 0.215 0.215

Corn Sil. 40% GR - Medium grnd (308) 8.766 26.564


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Summary Report (Level Two Solution - organic 60lb, alfred state,

1/10/2006)



Maintenance 18.31 626 12 38 0 0 0

Pregnancy 0.48 16 0 1 0 0 0

Lactation 29.07 1256 22 76 33 27 41

Growth 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0

Net Required 47.86 1897 34 115 53 47 114

Total Required 47.86 1897 34 115 53 47 114

Total Supplied 50.16 2047 41 125 23 54 328

Balance 2.30 150 7 10 -30 7 214





Cost per 100 lbs MP Allowable Milk/day : $ 11.36 ME Allowable Milk : 64.7 (lbs/day)

Cost per 100 lbs AA Allowable Milk/day : $ 11.19 MP Allowable Milk : 67.2 (lbs/day)





Milk/Feed: 1.4








Soluble Protein : 36% Sugar: 0.00 (%DM) Ruminal N Balance : 30 (g/day)DIP : 70% Butyric: 0.00 (%DM) % Ruminal N Balance : 109 (% of Req.)






Ca : 0.31 (%)

P : 0.43 (%)


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Amino Acid Ratios


Required

2001 NRC Acceptable


Methionine 2.01 % 2.50 % 2.40 % > 2.10 %

Lysine 6.11 % 7.30 % 7.20 % > 7.00 %








Days Pregnant : 120


Days in Milk : 180

Diet Summary





Bicarbonate Sodium 0.433 0.433Dicalcium - Phosphate (810) 0.217 0.224

Minvit2 0.433 0.437

Salt (831) 0.217 0.217


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Summary Report (Level Two Solution - alfred state 80lb cow, alfred state,

1/10/2006)



Maintenance 18.14 719 14 44 0 0 0

Pregnancy 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lactation 38.76 1675 30 101 44 36 54

Growth 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0

Net Required 56.90 2394 43 145 64 59 135

Total Required 56.90 2394 43 145 64 59 135

Total Supplied 57.84 2392 48 149 38 66 339

Balance 0.94 -2 5 3 -26 7 204





Cost per 100 lbs MP Allowable Milk/day : $ 8 .99 ME Allowable Milk : 81.9 (lbs/day)

Cost per 100 lbs AA Allowable Milk/day : $ 8 .70 MP Allowable Milk : 79.9 (lbs/day)





Milk/Feed: 1.7














Ca : 0.32 (%)

P : 0.42 (%)


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Amino Acid Ratios


Required

2001 NRC Acceptable


Methionine 1.99 % 2.50 % 2.40 % > 2.10 %

Lysine 6.21 % 7.30 % 7.20 % > 7.00 %








Days Pregnant : 0


Days in Milk : 60

Diet Summary





Soybean - Whole Roasted (522) Medium 1.570 1.744Bicarbonate Sodium 0.491 0.491

Dicalcium - Phosphate (810) 0.245 0.253

Minvit2 0.491 0.496

Salt (831) 0.245 0.245

Corn Sil. 40% GR - Medium grnd (308) 10.000 30.303


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Summary Report (Level Two Solution - organic 80lb, alfred state,

1/10/2006)



Maintenance 18.14 715 14 44 0 0 0

Pregnancy 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lactation 38.76 1675 30 101 44 36 54

Growth 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0

Net Required 56.90 2390 43 145 64 59 135

Total Required 56.90 2390 43 145 64 59 135

Total Supplied 57.14 2373 47 142 27 63 377

Balance 0.24 -18 4 -3 -38 4 243





Cost per 100 lbs MP Allowable Milk/day : $ 11.09 ME Allowable Milk : 80.5 (lbs/day)

Cost per 100 lbs AA Allowable Milk/day : $ 11.27 MP Allowable Milk : 79.2 (lbs/day)

Incom e Over Feed Cost : $11. 80 (per head/day) ME T Allowable Milk : 90 .4 (lbs/day)




Milk/Feed: 1.7














Ca : 0.31 (%)

P : 0.43 (%)


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Amino Acid Ratios


Required

2001 NRC Acceptable


Methionine 1.98 % 2.50 % 2.40 % > 2.10 %

Lysine 6.00 % 7.30 % 7.20 % > 7.00 %








Days Pregnant : 0


Days in Milk : 60

Diet Summary





Bicarbonate Sodium 0.500 0.500Dicalcium - Phosphate (810) 0.250 0.258

Minvit2 0.500 0.505

Salt (831) 0.250 0.250


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Appendix 5

Draft Grazing Management Plan


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Appendix 6

Position/Job Descriptions

COSA Business Plan[1]

Documents

Transcript of COSA Business Plan[1]