CFD Analysis for ITER FW/Shield Designs
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Transcript of CFD Analysis for ITER FW/Shield Designs
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CFD Analysis for ITER FW/Shield Designs
Alice Ying, Ryan Hunt, Hongjie Zhang (UCLA)Dennis Youchison James Bullock,
Mike Ulrickson (SNL)
July 8, 2009MIT, Boston
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Count the pieces: 560 Be tiles/40 pieces of CuCrZr heat sinks/20 pieces of SS bodies/80 SS tubes inside Cu heat sinks/52 plugs40 welding pieces/Manifold, connectors, etc.
First wall / shield -- Geometric Complexity BLKT_04_FW_2009_DESIGN #2PTYX7
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Total: 8 kg/s mass flow rate20 circuits each half module 0.2 kg/s per finger
80 circuits fed from a single inlet pipe
Velocity plot in water volume for FW Panel for BM_04 Design Issues:
• Flow non-uniformity and manifold design
• Hot spots and accommodation of local high heat flux
• Pressure drop optimization
• Structure thermomechanical optimization
CFD Challenges
• Large problem sizes
• Multiple materials
• Geometric complexity
• Temperature depended properties
• Incorporation of complex thermal loading conditions for other codes
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Contact!!
It may be interesting to do CFD in one finger.
Preparation of CFD meshes and removal of all interferences and errors - (there are many details- Impact on fabrication/cost )
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In some cases, analysis can be done for a smaller compartment (here a SS panel of the FW) to reveal local design feature.
at outlet
at turn-around
Each SS panel houses 2 fingers
Inlet mass flow rate: 0.4 kg/s
CFD Analysis for SS Panel 1 (BLKT_04_FW_2009_DESIGN #2PTYX7)
Flow around the turn around and near the outlet collector show interesting recirculation flow.
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Velocity magnitudes at different pipe mid-planes show slightly higher values for the top two pipes
1.7741.356 m/s
Uniformity of pipe velocity?
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Be surface temperatures under 5 MW/m2
Cu wall temperature (at Cu/H2O interface)
Max. Cu surface temperature Max. Be surface temperature
SC/Tetra result*
1-D empirical correlation
SC/Tetra result (2 grooves)
1-D (with Cu k) 3 mm thick
SC/Tetra result
0.2 kg/s (3 grooves) 253-273 2631 313 (323) 303.76 (368 W/m2K)
793
0.4 kg/s (3 grooves) 240-270 2601 308 (310) 300.76 (368) 787
0.2 kg/s (toothless) 287-312 2902 350 330.92 (366.5) 839
0.4 kg/s (toothless) 278-286 2802 322 320.87 (367) 804
1.P. Chen, et. al. Correlation for Hypervaportron (2008)2.Shah correlation for flat surface (1977)
3rd Be tile (5 cm wide) exposed to 5 MW/m2 1st, 2nd and 4th Be tiles exposed to 0.2 MW/m2
400 g/s Hypervaportron Finger
Heat spread to the neighboring Cu results in a 30C lower than what reported last week
Adiabatic BC applied to surfaces: no heat communication with neighboring tiles except through Be/Cu contact
Next: 5 MW/m2 applied to both half of the 2nd and 3rd tiles
Hypervaportron heat transfer validation
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3 grooves
2 grooves
Max Cu surface Temp = 308 C
Max Cu surface Temp = 310 C
Velocity characteristics under the grooves – data used for groove optimization
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FW temperature response to single strip high heat flux of 5 MW/m2 (At toroidal location 0.282<y<0.332)
The rest of the surface is exposed to 0.2 MW/m2
Mass flow rate: 8 kg/s total or 200 g/s per finger
simplified model (without manifold)
• Maximum Be surface temperature ~778oC
• Previously, a single finger exposed to similar conditions, the maximum surface temperature was reported at 769oC
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at Y=0.35
Some fluid velocity details show flow non-uniformity
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CFD/thermal analysis for the BM04 shield block at different radial planes (color quantities: velocity m/s inside the pipe; temperature oC: SS)
Russian Design-4 series circuits -radial flow paths-large water volume fraction, -relatively cold compared with other designs.
IO is still yet to decide which design option should be considered
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2 inlets each with 4 kg/s Water enters the shield through the central pipe and distributes into 2 passes poloidally at the end of the pipe (x ~0.64 m)
Water leaves the shield through 4 outlet holes in this model
CFD analysis helps to see how water flows within the module
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BLANKET_2009_DESIGN#2PTXPT
the IO CAD transmitted to the US has a hole – water leaks out. Hole found in slot
Alternate shield design utilizing poloidal flow paths.
CFD analysis reveals design needs much improvement to fix the flow non-uniformity and consequent hot spots.
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CFD analysis for the modified BM04-shield Goal: to evaluate whether the back of the shield will be too hot under long pulse (3000 s) runs (using steady state run for initial check)
The model includes a coaxial connector
Cover plates modified
Modified BM04 model
Previous model Modified model
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CFD Analysis for BM04 Model BLKT_04_BSM_2009_DESIGN#2PCQZA-C-052609 (US fixed)
CFD model total nuclear heat to BM04 = 0.40473 MW
Water= 0.0494 MW
Steel = 0.35531MW
(MCNP calculated total nuclear heat = 0.395 MW with steel = 0.348 MW )
CFD water outlet temperature= 112.01C
(Inlet T= 100 C; inlet mass flow rate = 8 kg/s)
Fractional heat balance (Qinput/Qoutout) = 1.0006
Steady State AnalysisWater volume = 0.0284942 m3
Steel volume= 0.254979 m3
P = 148864 Pa
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Plan X = 3.78
Temperature gradient plot shows heat flow directions and the relative location with respect to the coolant pipes
•Maximum temperature at the back ~ 250 C
•Shield maximum temperature = 266.1C
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Velocity Distribution for BLKT_04_BSM
Inlet
Plan X=3.78
Some flow non-uniformity corresponding to ~ 30oC temperature non-uniformity
Again, use of parallel flow paths in the design results in some flow non-uniformity
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The Next Step: Pulsed Operation Analysis, Initial result: Steel Surface Temperature at the Plasma Shutdown after Ramp-down
Peak temperature drops ~19 degree lower than the steady state peak, but its location shifts to the back
Starting with steady state temperature conditions (time =0). Power is completely off at 60 s
No flow transient is observed, water velocity distribution remains the same during power ramp and down
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Main areas of future work for FW / Blanket / Divertor
• He cooled first wall and divertor simulations for TBMs and Demo Divertors
• Coupled HIMAG / CFD / Neutronics / Structural codes for virtual blanket