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Biodeisel Production From Jatropha

Muhammad HassanRoll # 1311

Msc 4th SemesterDepartment Of Applied Chemistry and

BiochemistryGC University Faisalabad

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Biodiesel

Conetents:

History and Background

Introduction

Production process

Application

Difference between Bioethanol and Biodiesel

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History and Background

Developed in the 1890s byinventor Rudolph Diesel,the diesel enginehas becomethe engine of choicefor power, reliability, and high fuel economy, worldwide.

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Introduction

Bio-diesel, an alternative diesel fuelIt is made from re-new able biological sources likevegetable oils and animal fats.

Similar to petroleum diesel fuel in structure(straight chain) and number of carbon atoms (10 to21)

The Bio-diesel can be prepared byTransesterification.

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Biodiesel FeedStock

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Production Process

Process steps:

Feedstock pretreatment

Reactions

Product purification

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Feedstock Pretreatment

Common feedstock used in biodiesel production include yellow grease (recycled vegetable oil), "virgin" vegetable oil, and tallow.

Recycled oil is processed to remove impurities from cooking, storage, and handling, such as dirt, charred food, and water.

Virgin oils are refined

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Biodiesel Reaction

Transestrification:

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Biodiesel Production

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Product purification

Products of the reaction include not only biodiesel, but also byproducts, soap, glycerol, excess alcohol, and trace amounts of water.

Residual methanol is typically recovered by distillation and reused.

Soaps can be removed or converted into acids.

Residual water is also removed from the fuel.

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Biodiesel from Different Oil

Plant Oil Alcohol Temperature Reaction Time Catalyst

Soybean and Castor (Brazil)

Ethyl 70 3 Hours NaOH

Wastes frying oil Methyl 60 1 Hours NaOH

Rapeseed Methyl 60 33 mins KOH

Sunflower Methyl 25 45 mins KOH

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Application of Biodiesel

• Railway usage

• Aircraft use

• As a heating oil

• Cleaning oil spills

• Biodiesel in generators

• Vehicles

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Advantages-Disadvantages of Biodiesel

Can be used pure biodiesel B100. Biodiesel is significantly more expensive compared to standard diesel

Biodiesel has shorter ignition delay compared to standard diesel

Biodiesel can release nitrogen oxide which can lead to the formation of smog.

Biodiesel has no sulfur content, and so it doesn't contribute to acid rain formation

Pure biodiesel has significant problems with low temperatures

Biodiesel has good lubricating properties better than standard diesel

Food Shortage can be occurred

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Comparison between Bioethanol & Biodiesel

Bioethanol Biodiesel

Process Fermentation Transesterification

Environmental Benefit Both reduce greenhouse gas emissions

Compatibility Blended E85 % B100 %

Costs Cheaper More expensiveGallons per acre 420 gallons per acre 60 gallons per acre

soybeans.

Energy provides 93% more net energy per gallon

produces only 25% more net energy.

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