Cleaning Agent Utilization for Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) Biodiesel Purification

8/14/2019 Cleaning Agent Utilization for Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) Biodiesel Purification

1/28

LEMBAGA PENGEMBANGAN DAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT

INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGORBOGOR

2008


2/28

WHAT IS BIODIESEL??Biodiesel is an alternative fuel aside frompetroleum based fuel we have knownbefore.

Biodiesel is categorized as biofuelbecause of its renewable characteristic.


3/28

Jatropha oil

Esterification,temperature 55 0C, 1 hour

Transesterification,temperature 55 0C, 1 hour

H2SO

4+

Methanol

KOH +Methanol

Precipitation and biodieselseparation from water andglycerol

Precipitation and separation from water and methanol residues

Crudebiodiesel

Glyceroland water

Methanolresidues

and water


4/28

Biodiesel purification

IMPORTANT!!

Crude biodiesel contain impurities

Performances Machines


5/28

Biodiesel Purification Methods

Dry washing VS Wet washing

Cleaning agent Water

PROSPECTIVE ALTERNATIVE

WHY??


6/28

Differences between wet washing and drywashing

Wet washing Dry washingMore investment needed Less investment needed

More energy needed Less energy neededMore drying time needed No needs for drying time

Less quality of biodiesel that

have been produced

Better quality of biodiesel that

have been produced


7/28

Cleaning Agent Preparation

Cleaning agent Low Adsorption

ACTIVATIONActivation of cleaning agent is aimed to enlarge

the contact surfaces of adsorbent throughpores structure forming that increase itsadsorption.


8/28

Activation MethodTheres 2 method, e.g.

Drying

Acid-base activation using HCl or H 2SO4

Based on Diaz and Santos (2001), acid-baseactivation shows significant differences of physic-chemical characteristic such as surfaces and poresvolumes between activated clay and non-activated one.


9/28

Acid-base Activation Reaction in

Cleaning AgentBased on Ketaren (1986), reaction that happened whenacid-base activation applied on cleaning agent are

First, the acid dissolve Al 2O3,CaO, and MgO that fill inadsorbents pores so the pores will be widely openedand the contact surfaces enlargedCa++ dan Mg ++ ions are substituted by H + ions from the

mineral acidSome of H + ions that substitute Ca ++ dan Mg++ will bereplaced by Al +++ ions within acid aqueous liquid


10/28

Cleaning Agent ActivationB/T 100-200 g

Warming and agitation ontemperature

80 oC for 3 hours

Activated cleaningagent

Washing wastewater

HClseparation

Washing for5 times until pH 3,5-4,0

Drying on temperature110 oC for 2 hours

Aquadest

400 ml HCl 16 %


11/28

Cleaning agentagitation using HCl,temperature 80 oC, 3

hours

Cleaning agentagitation after 3

hours

Cleaning agent and HClseparation using vacuum

filter

Cleaning agentwashing by water

Waste water and cleaningagent separation using

vacuum filter


12/28

Biodiesel Purification by Cleaning

AgentCrude biodiesel

Agitation, constant speed,20 minutes, room temperature

Cleaning Agent

Precipitation,for 2-3 hours

Filtering

Pure Biodiesel

Adsorbentsresidues


13/28

Cleaning agent s weightmeasuring

Mixing cleaning agentwith biodiesel

Agitation at 20 minuteslong

Precipitation for 2 hourslong

Separation betweencleaning agent and

biodiesel


14/28

Biodiesel Analysis

Parameters which used for analyzingeffectiveness of biodiesel purification process

by cleaning agent are acid value soap and catalyst value glycerol value (free, bound, and total)


15/28

Acid Value Graphic

0.000.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

B i l a n g a n A s a m

( m g K O H

/ g b i o

d i e s e

l )

Jenis Perlakuan Pemurnian

Bil Asam (mgKOH/gbiodiesel)Standar


16/28

Lowest acid value measured

T100% = 0,1467 mg KOH/g biodiesel

Comparison

Water-washing biodiesel = 0,2341 mg KOH/g biodiesel

Biosponge = 0,2155 mg KOH/g biodieselStandard = 0,8000 mg KOH/g biodiesel


17/28

Soap Value Graphic

0.00

500.00

1000.00

1500.00

2000.00

2500.00

3000.00

3500.00

K a

d a r S a

b u n

( p p m

)


Kadar Sabun(ppm)


18/28

Catalyst value undetected

Lowest soap value measured

B100% = 53,37 ppm

Comparison

Water-washing biodiesel = 17,79Biosponge = 22,23


19/28

Free Glycerol Value Graphic

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.04

0.04

K a

d a r G

l i s e r o

l B e b a s

( % - b

e r a t )


Gbbs %-b

Standar


20/28

Lowest free glycerol value measured

B = 0,0054 %-weight

Comparison

Water-washing biodiesel = 0,0014 %-weight

Biosponge = 0,0184 %-weightStandard = 0,0200 %-weight


21/28

Bound Glycerol Value Graphic

0.0000

0.0500

0.1000

0.1500

0.2000

0.2500

0.3000

K a

d a r G

l i s e r o

l T e r i

k a t

( % - b

e r a t )


Gikt %-b

Standar


22/28

Lowest bound glycerol value measured

B : T (2 : 1) = 0,2190 %-weight

Comparison




23/28

Total Glycerol Value Graphic

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

K a

d a r G

l i s e r o

l T o t a

l ( % - b

e r a t )


Gttl %-b

Standar


24/28

Lowest total glycerol value measured

B : T (2 : 1) = 0,2318 %-weight

Comparison




25/28

Best Cleaning Agent

B 100% and B : T (2 : 1)

Water Content Analyzing


26/28

Water Content

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

BCA Biosponge B100% B2T1

K a

d a r A i r ( %

)


Kadar Air (ml/100 mlBiodiesel)

Standar


27/28

Lowest Water Content Measured

B 100% = 0,01 %

Comparison

Water-washing biodiesel = undetected

Biosponge = undetectedStandard = 0,05 %


28/28

Conclusion Cleaning agent utilization can be applied as analternative for purificating biodiesel, becausecleaning agent effectively reduce impurities from

crude biodiesel and efficiently less investment. This can be viewed from significant decreasing of acid value, soap value, and free glycerol value fromcleaning-agent-purificated biodiesel.

Cleaning Agent Utilization for Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) Biodiesel Purification

Documents

Transcript of Cleaning Agent Utilization for Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) Biodiesel Purification