Arvin Reinaldo A - 130110120159Anatomy of Liver 1. Overview Liver is the largest gland in the body Occupies almost all right hypocondrium and epigastric, it also extend to left hypochondrium Located below the diaphragm All nutrients (except fat) from GI Track are conveyed first to liver by portal venous system, in addition to this high metabolic activities liver can store glycogen and secrete bile continuously

2. Surfaces Liver has two surfaces :(1) Diaphragmatic surface (anterior and superior) : Smooth anddome shaped related to concavity of diaphragm(2) Visceral surface (Postroinferior) : Flat and concave Both surfaces separated anteriorly by its sharp inferior border

Liver has four ligaments(1) Falciform ligament : Separate righ and left lobe(2) Coronary ligament : as the superior border of bare area(3) Triangular ligament : Has right and left triangular ligament whichis the continuos end of coronary ligaments(4) Round ligament : remant of umbilical vein

3. LobesLiver is divided into two anatomical lobes and two accessory lobesAnatomical Lobes :(1) Right Lobe(2) Left Lobe

Accessory Lobes :(1) Caudate Lobe(2) Quadrate Lobe

4. Hepatic SegmentsLiver has functionally independent right and left livers that are much more equal in size than the anatomical lobes.Each part is receives its own primary branch of the hepaticartery and portal vein is drained by its own hepatic duct.

5. Blood VesselsArteryLiver, like the lungs, has a dual blood supply which is portal vein and hepatic artery.-Portal Vein : Formed by superior mesenteric and splenic veins posterior to the neck of pancreas. Brings 75 80% of blood to the liver and contain 40% oxygen that sustains the liver parenchyma. Portal vein caries all the nutrients absorbed by the alimentary tract (Except lipid) to the sinusoids of liver.-Hepatic Artery : A branch of celiac trunk.Portal Triad is combination of Portal vein, Hepatic artery, and Bile Duct that. This portal triad is branches into right and left livers and supply all the eight liver segments.

VeinDrained by the hepatic veins which branches is from right, intermediate, and left hepatic veins that drains from all the liver segments to the IVC.

6. Lymphatics and InnervationsSuperficial lymphatics : Located in the subperitoneal fibrous capsule of the liver received by the thoracic ductDeep lymphatics : accompany the ramifications of the portal triad and hepatic veins. Most of lymph is formed in the perisinusoidal space (Space of Disse)

The nerves of the liver are derived from Hepatic Plexus. It accompanies the branches of hepatic artery and portal vein