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Liver: anatomy & functions

Pavle Pei Tukuljac

Mentor: A. mega Horvat

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Anatomy

Largest gland in the body (1.5 Kg)

Under the diaphragm, within the rib

cage in the upper right quadrant of theabdomen

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Anatomy

4 LobesMajor: left and rightMinor: caudate and

quadrateDucts

Common hepaticCystic

From gallbladder

Common bile -Choledochus

Joins pancreatic duct athepatopancreatic ampulla

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GALLBLADDER ANATOMY

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GALLBLADDER ANATOMY

Thin-walled greenmuscular sac On the inferior surface of

the liver Stores bile that is notimmediately needed fordigestion When the muscular wall ofthe gallbladder contractsbile is expelled into the bileduct

LIVER

GALL

BLADDER

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BILE

BILE bile salts, bilepigments, cholesterol,neutral fats, phospholipidsand electrolytes

Liver produces 0.5-1 l ofbile daily

Bile salts emulsify fats

LIVER

GALL

BLADDER

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LIVER ANATOMY

Liver lobules hexagonalstructures consisting ofhepatocytes

Hepatocytes radiateoutward from a centralvein

At each of the sixcorners of a lobule is a

portal triadLiver sinusoids

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LIVER ANATOMY

Hepatocytes produce bile

Bile flows through canalscalled bile canaliculi to abile duct

Bile ducts leave the livervia the common hepaticduct

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LIVER ANATOMY

80 %

20 %

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Functions

Metabolic

Synthesis

Breakdown

Other functions storage of vitamin A,D,B12,F

Excretion of waste products from bloodstream

into bile Vascular storage of blood

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Synthesis Protein metabolism

Synthesis of amino acids

Carbohydrate metabolism

Gluconeogenesis

Glycogenolysis

Glycogenesis

Lipid metabolism

Cholesterol synthesis

Lipogenesis

Production of coagulation factors I, II, V, VII, IX, X and XI,

and protein C, protein S and antithrombin Main site ofred blood cell production

Produces insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a polypeptideprotein anabolic effects

Production of trombopoetin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_Vhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_VIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_IXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_XIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_Shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antithrombinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypeptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypeptidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antithrombinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_Shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_XIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_IXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_VIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_V

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Breakdown

Breaks down insulin and other hormones

Breaks down hemoglobin

Breaks down or modifies toxic substances(methylation) sometimes results intoxication

Converts ammonia to urea

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin

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Other functions

Produces albumin, the major osmolar

component of blood serum

Synthesizes angiotensinogen, the hormone

responsible for raising blood pressure when

activated by renin (enzyme released when the

kidney senses low blood pressure)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albuminhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensinogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juxtaglomerular_apparatushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juxtaglomerular_apparatushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensinogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albumin

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References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0AjkKRxb

WM&feature=related

http://www.mamashealth.com/organs/liver.as

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www.medterms.com

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bx6kj6xLC

Zw

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0AjkKRxbWM&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0AjkKRxbWM&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0AjkKRxbWM&feature=relatedhttp://www.mamashealth.com/organs/liver.asphttp://www.mamashealth.com/organs/liver.asphttp://www.medterms.com/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bx6kj6xLCZwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bx6kj6xLCZwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bx6kj6xLCZwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bx6kj6xLCZwhttp://www.medterms.com/http://www.mamashealth.com/organs/liver.asphttp://www.mamashealth.com/organs/liver.asphttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0AjkKRxbWM&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0AjkKRxbWM&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0AjkKRxbWM&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0AjkKRxbWM&feature=related