9. PROGRAM BREEDING

TERNAK RUMINANSIA

DI DAERAH TROPIS

DAN SUB TROPIS

Perbandingan penerapan program breeding ternak

ruminansia dalam peningkatan kualitas genetik ternak

di Indonesia dan dunia (kel 1)

10. PROGRAM BREEDING

TERNAK NON-

RUMINANSIA DI

DAERAH TROPIS DAN

SUB TROPIS

Perbandingan penerapan program breeding ternak non-

ruminansia dalam peningkatan kualitas genetik ternak

di Indonesia dan dunia (kel 2)

11. GENETIC

CONSERVATION

Program pelestarian ternak asli dan lokal Indonesia

(eks situ, in situ, laboratorium) Kel 3)

12. PEMBENTUKAN

BANGSA BARU

Pembentukan bangsa baru ternak ruminansia dan non-

ruminansia (kel 4)

13. APLIKASI

BIOTEKNOLOGI

DALAM PEMULIAAN

TERNAK

Kemajuan genetik dengan aplikasi bioteknologi (kel 5)

14. DISKUSI KELOMPOK

(III)

Penyusunan makalah tentang materi yang telah

diberikan (Materi VI-X): Pres kel-1-5 bahas kel 6-10

15. DISKUSI KELOMPOK

(IV)

Penyusunan makalah tentang materi yang telah

diberikan (Materi VI-X): ATAU TUGAS

MEMBUAT RANGKUMAN (Individual)

16. UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER

Livestock and poultry breeds, globally

6,379 livestock and poultry breeds

Extinct740 breeds

Critical or

endangered1694 breeds

Other

3945 breedsSource: FAO

PROGRAM PELESTARIAN TERNAK ASLI DAN LOKAL

INDONESIA

(Ex situ, In Situ-Labo)

Domestic animal breeds at risk around the world

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Sheep

Cattle

Horse

Chicken

Goat

Pig

Ass

Duck

Turkey breeds at risk

breeds not at risk

Number of breeds

Largest diversity in developing countries

• With the introduction of industrial farm production

bio-diversity is vanishing at rapid rate; every year

about 34,000 plant and 5,200 animal species

disappear, a rate 50-100 times higher than the

losses expected through natural processes.

* About 1,000 of the 7,616 recognized livestock &

poultry breeds extinct in the last 100 years, and

300 of these alone during the last 15 years.

* Another 2,000 breeds are at stake if no

countermeasures for their conservation are taken.

Major reasons behind heritage loss:

• Non-adoption of breeding plan and unrestricted interbreeding among different breeds.

• Growing trend of global reliance on a limited number of selected breeds.

• Degradation of ecosystems.

• Fluctuating market requirements.

• Diseases and natural disasters.

• Political unrest and instability

PELESTARIAN INSITU

Pelestarian insitu adalah

pelestarian yang dilakukan di

habitat aslinya. Contoh pelestarian

insitu antara lain : ?????

PELESTARIAN EX SITU

Pelestraian ex situ adalah pelestarian

yang dilajukan di luar habitat aslinya.

GENETIC (materials) CONSERVATION

POSISI INDONESIA ?

KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES (HEWAN)35 spesies primata, 515 mamalia(kedua di dunia), 515 reptilia (keempat didunia), 1531 spesies burung (kelima di dunia), 270 amfibi (keenam di dunia)

Catatan: Perlindungan materi genetikIlegal : hewan/ternak/sel/DNA

Why conserve diversity?

Exotic genetic resources not sustainable

Indiscriminate crossbreeding

Genetic resources for future needs

How to conserve diversity?

Mainstream biodiversity among:

- Public

- Political and technical decision makers

No agricultural diversity without domestic animal

diversity

the important contribution of communities in conserving domestic animal diversity. Domestic animals are key to agriculture and especially to food security. To safeguard domestic animal diversity is an essential step to maintain agricultural diversity as a whole!

Concept of Characterization and Conservation of Farm Animal Genetic Resources ??

Farm Animal Genetic Resources (AnGR) include all animal species, breeds and strains (and their wild relatives) that are of economic, scientific and cultural interest to humankind in terms of food and agricultural production for the

present or in the future.

Genetic Diversity in AnGR in India and Indonesia? ( NUMBER OF BREEDs)

Species As per World Watch

List

As per Indian

literature

Indonesia ?

Cattle 70 30

Buffalo 20 10

Yak 5 Nil -

Sheep 62 42

Goat 34 20

Horse 7 6

Donkey 3 Nil

Camel 9 (+1 Bactrian) 8

Pig 8 Nil

Rabbit 3 Nil

Fowl 19 15

Quail 2 Nil

Duck 6 Nil

Strategies for Characterization & Conservation

• Identification and listing of all the available animal genetic resources.

• Breed description and characterization to understand their unique qualities and potential contributions.

• Prioritizing the breed for characterization and conservation based on their population structure, economic utility and genetic diversity.

• Establishment of breed societies for conservation of the breed in-situ.

• Creation of data-base on indigenous animal genetic resources.

• Development of technology for collection and freezing of genetic material.

• Documentation and creation of mass awareness.