Cli the other SAPI confoo11

CLI, the other SAPI

Thijs FerynEvangelist+32 (0)9 218 79 06thijs@combellgroup.com

ConfooThursday March 10th 2011Montreal, Canada

About me

I’m an Evangelist at Combell

About me

I’m a board member at PHPBenelux

I live in the wonderful city of Bruges

MPBecker -‐ Bruges by Night hWp://www.flickr.com/photos/galverson2/3715965933

Follow me on Twi+er: @ThijsFeryn

Read my blog: h+p://blog.feryn.eu

Give me feedback: h+p://joind.in/2852

SAPI according to Wikipedia

“The Server Applica^on Programming Interface (SAPI) is the generic term used to designate direct module interfaces to web server applica^ons”

SAPI according to Wikipedia

The way you interact with PHP

Common SAPIs

• Apache/Apache 2

• CGI

• FastCGI

• ISAPI

• CLI

• GTK

The CLI SAPI according to php.net

As of version 4.3.0, PHP supports a new SAPI type (Server Applica^on Programming Interface) named CLI which means Command Line Interface. As the name implies, this SAPI type main focus is on developing shell (or desktop as well) applica^ons with PHP

The CLI SAPI according to php.net

PHP script execu^on via the command line interface

When to use

• In crons

• For batch tasks

• For worker processes

• Daemons

• Process control

• Interac^on with other binaries

CLI 101

The PHP binary

Passing arguments

Reading from STDIN

I/O with pipes

CLI 101Invoking a script with the

PHP binary

php file.php

CLI 101Passing arguments

php file.php arg1 arg2

CLI 101interpreting arguments

<?phpecho "Number of arguments {$argc}\n";foreach($argv as $key=>$argument){ echo "Argument # {$key}: {$argument}\n"; }

Argument countArgument

$ php args.php arg1 arg2Number of arguments 3Argument # 0: args.phpArgument # 1: arg1Argument # 2: arg2$

The PHP file is an argument too

$_SERVER[‘argc’]

$_SERVER[‘argv’]

!!! register_argc_argv !!!

CLI 101getopt

<?php$arguments = getopt('ab:c::');var_dump($arguments);

CLI 101getopt

<?php$arguments = getopt('ab:c::');var_dump($arguments);

Op^onal value

Flag (no value)

Required value

CLI 101php getopt.php -‐a -‐b 2 -‐c3array(3) { ["a"]=> bool(false) ["b"]=> string(1) "2" ["c"]=> string(1) "3"}

No spacing for op^onal arguments

CLI 101getopt: longopts

<?php$arguments = getopt('',array('arg1','arg2:','arg3::'));var_dump($arguments);

CLI 101php getopt2.php -‐-‐arg1 -‐-‐arg2 123 -‐-‐arg3=xarray(3) { ["arg1"]=> bool(false) ["arg2"]=> string(3) "123" ["arg3"]=> string(1) "x"}

Mind the “=” sign

CLI 101REading From STDIN

<?php$handle = fopen('php://stdin','r');while(!feof($handle)){ $line = trim(fgets($handle)); if(strlen($line) > 0){ echo strrev($line).PHP_EOL; }}fclose($handle);

CLI 101$ cat test.txt | php stdin.php enOowTeerhT$

Output file

Convert output to input with pipes

Comparing the Apache & CLI SAPI

Web based SAPI’s• HTTP is a stateless protocol

• Request/response based

• Limited interac^on

• Sessions & cookies as workaround

• Execu^on ^meouts

• Limited request/response size

Comparing the Apache & CLI SAPI

CLI SAPI• Controlable state

• Controlable script execu^on

• Con^nuous interac^on

• No need for sessions

• No execu^on ^meouts

Measuring the state

Input & output

Web• $_SERVER

• $_GET

• $_POST

• $_COOKIE

• $_SESSION

• $_ENV

CLI• $_SERVER

• $argc/$argv

• $_ENV

• getopt()

• STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR

Change your mindset

Don’t use sessions & cookies

Just use local variables

Change your mindset

Don’t “get” your input

Just “read” it

Change your mindset

Don’t bundle your output

You can use distributed output

Change your mindset

If you don’t need HTTP, use CLI

Avoid overhead

E.g. cronjobs

Change your mindset

Current directory != webroot

➡Use dirname(__FILE__)

➡Use chdir()

➡Use getcwd()

CLI scripts are executable everywhere

The PHP binary

Usage: php [options] [-‐f] <file> [-‐-‐] [args...] php [options] -‐r <code> [-‐-‐] [args...] php [options] [-‐B <begin_code>] -‐R <code> [-‐E <end_code>] [-‐-‐] [args...] php [options] [-‐B <begin_code>] -‐F <file> [-‐E <end_code>] [-‐-‐] [args...] php [options] -‐-‐ [args...] php [options] -‐a

InteracOve mode (-‐a)

$ php -‐aInteractive shell

php > echo 5+8;13php > function addTwo($n)php > {php { return $n + 2;php { }php > var_dump(addtwo(2));int(4)php >

InteracOve mode (-‐a)

$ php -‐aInteractive shell

php > stri[TAB][TAB]strip_tags stripcslashes stripslashes stristr stripos php > stri

Tab comple^on

Run code (-‐r)

$ php -‐r "echo date('Y-‐m-‐d H:i:s');"2011-‐03-‐02 22:04:45$

Config directory (-‐c)

$ php -‐c /custom/dir/php.ini script.php

Define custom INI seSng (-‐d)

$ php -‐d max_execution_time=20 -‐r '$foo = ini_get("max_execution_time"); var_dump($foo);'string(2) "20"$

Get INI informaOon (-‐i)

$ php -‐i | grep “log_”define_syslog_variables => Off => Offlog_errors => On => Onlog_errors_max_len => 1024 => 1024$

Filtering items

Syntax/lint check (-‐l)

$ php -‐l myFile.phpNo syntax errors detected in myFile.php$

Only checks parse

errors

Module list (-‐m)

$ php -‐m[PHP Modules]bcmathbz2calendarCorectypecurldatedba$

Syntax highlighOng (-‐s)

$ php -‐s helloworld.php > helloworld.html$

<?phpecho "Hello world";

Syntax highlighOng (-‐s)

<?phpecho "Hello world";

<code><?php echo "Hello world";

Version info (-‐v)

FuncOon reflecOon (-‐-‐rf)

$ php -‐-‐rf json_encodeFunction [ <internal:json> function json_encode ] {

-‐ Parameters [2] { Parameter #0 [ <required> $value ] Parameter #1 [ <optional> $options ] }}$

Class reflecOon (-‐-‐rf)

$ php -‐-‐rc stdclassClass [ <internal:Core> class stdClass ] { -‐ Constants [0] { } -‐ Static properties [0] { } -‐ Static methods [0] { } -‐ Properties [0] { } -‐ Methods [0] { }}$

Extension reflecOon (-‐-‐re)

$ php -‐-‐re jsonExtension [ <persistent> extension #20 json version 1.2.1 ] {... -‐ Functions { Function [ <internal:json> function json_encode ] {

-‐ Parameters [2] { Parameter #0 [ <required> $value ] Parameter #1 [ <optional> $options ] } }...}

Extension INI informaOon (-‐-‐ri)

$ php -‐-‐ri pdo

PDO support => enabledPDO drivers => mysql, sqlite, sqlite2$

Back on track

Back to I/O

<?php$handle = fopen('php://stdin','r');while(!feof($handle)){ $line = trim(fgets($handle)); if(strlen($line) > 0){ echo strrev($line).PHP_EOL; }}fclose($handle);

while(!feof(STDIN)){ $line = trim(fgets(STDIN)); if(strlen($line) > 0){ echo strrev($line).PHP_EOL; }}

Stream that is opened by default

$ php -‐r "var_dump(STDIN);"resource(1) of type (stream)$

The proof !

Stream that is opened by default

Wordcount example

<?php$wordArray = array();while(!feof(STDIN)){ $line = trim(fgets(STDIN)); if(strlen($line) > 0){ foreach(preg_split('/[\s]+/',$line) as $word){ if(!array_key_exists($word,$wordArray)){ $wordArray[$word] = 0; } $wordArray[$word]++; } }}ksort($wordArray);foreach($wordArray as $word=>$count){ echo "$word: $count".PHP_EOL;}

Wordcount example

$ cat wordcount.txt CanadaThijsCanadaThijsThijsConfoo$ cat wordcount.txt | php wordcount.php Canada: 2Confoo: 1Thijs: 3$

STDOUT

<?php$handle = fopen('php://stdout','w');fwrite($handle,'Hello world');fclose($handle);

STDOUT ==

STDOUT

<?phpfwrite(STDOUT,'Hello world');

STDERR

<?php$handle = fopen('php://stderr','w');fwrite($handle,'Serious error!');fclose($handle);

STDERR

<?phpfwrite(STDERR,'Serious error!');

Mixing STDOUT & STDERR

<?phpfwrite(STDOUT,'STDOUT output'.PHP_EOL);fwrite(STDERR,'STDERR output'.PHP_EOL);

$ php stdmix.php STDOUT outputSTDERR output$

<?phpfwrite(STDOUT,'STDOUT output'.PHP_EOL);fwrite(STDERR,'STDERR output'.PHP_EOL);

$ php stdmix.php STDOUT outputSTDERR output$

Looks the same

$ php stdmix.php > /dev/null STDERR output$

$ php stdmix.php &> /dev/null$

$ php stdmix.php > /dev/null STDERR output$

$ php stdmix.php &> /dev/null$

STDOUT is caught

STDOUT & STDERR are

caught

AlternaOve output

<?phpfclose(STDOUT);$handle = fopen(realpath(dirname(__FILE__).'/output.txt'),'a');echo "Hello world!".PHP_EOL;fclose($handle);

AlternaOve output

<?phpfclose(STDOUT);$handle = fopen(realpath(dirname(__FILE__).'/output.txt'),'a');echo "Hello world!".PHP_EOL;fclose($handle);

echo output is wriWen

to file

Piping

$ php -‐r 'for($i=0;$i<10;$i++) echo $i.PHP_EOL;'0123456789$ php -‐r 'for($i=0;$i<10;$i++) echo $i.PHP_EOL;' | wc -‐l 10$

Readline

<?php$name = readline("What's your name: ");$location = readline("Where do you live: ");echo PHP_EOL."Hello $name from $location\n";

$ php readline.php What's your name: ThijsWhere do you live: Belgium

Hello Thijs from Belgium$

Shebang !

#!/usr/bin/php<?phpecho "Hello world".PHP_EOL;

$ chmod +x shebang.php$ ./shebang.phpHello world$

Encore

PCNTL according to php.net

Process Control support in PHP implements the Unix style of process creaôn, program execuôn, signal handling and process terminaôn.

Process Control should not be enabled within a web server environment and unexpected results may happen if any

Process Control func^ons are used within a web server environment.

Forking according to Wikipedia

In compu^ng, when a process forks, it creates a copy of itself

Forking

<?php$pid = pcntl_fork();if ($pid == -1) {

//Forking failed} else if ($pid) {

//Parent logic} else {

//Child logic}

Copy program execu^on

PID value determines context

PID of child process

Forking

<?php$pid = pcntl_fork();if ($pid == -1) { die('could not fork');} else if ($pid) { echo "[parent] Starting".PHP_EOL; pcntl_wait($status); echo "[parent] Exiting".PHP_EOL;} else { echo "[child] Starting".PHP_EOL; for($i=0;$i<3;$i++){ echo "[child] Loop $i".PHP_EOL; sleep(1); } echo "[child] Exiting".PHP_EOL; exit;}

Forking

<?php$pid = pcntl_fork();if ($pid == -1) { die('could not fork');} else if ($pid) { echo "[parent] Starting".PHP_EOL; pcntl_wait($status); echo "[parent] Exiting".PHP_EOL;} else { echo "[child] Starting".PHP_EOL; for($i=0;$i<3;$i++){ echo "[child] Loop $i".PHP_EOL; sleep(1); } echo "[child] Exiting".PHP_EOL; exit;}

Perform forking

Wait for child termina^on

Signals

A signal is a limited form of inter-‐process communica^on used in Unix, Unix-‐like, and other POSIX-‐compliant opera^ng

systems. Essen^ally it is an asynchronous no^fica^on sent to a process in order to

no^fy it of an event that occurred.

Signals

<?phpdeclare(ticks = 1);function sig_handler($signo){ switch ($signo) { case SIGTERM: echo PHP_EOL."SIGTERM".PHP_EOL; exit(); break; case SIGINT: echo PHP_EOL."SIGINT".PHP_EOL; exit(); break; }}pcntl_signal(SIGTERM, "sig_handler");pcntl_signal(SIGINT, "sig_handler");sleep(100);

Signals

<?phpdeclare(ticks = 1);function sig_handler($signo){ switch ($signo) { case SIGTERM: echo PHP_EOL."SIGTERM".PHP_EOL; exit(); break; case SIGINT: echo PHP_EOL."SIGINT".PHP_EOL; exit(); break; }}pcntl_signal(SIGTERM, "sig_handler");pcntl_signal(SIGINT, "sig_handler");sleep(100);

Process termina^on

Process interrup^on

Catch signals

POSIX process control funcOons

<?phpecho "[prefork] PID: ".posix_getpid().", parent PID: ".posix_getppid().PHP_EOL;$pid = pcntl_fork();if ($pid == -1) { die('could not fork');} else if ($pid == 0) { echo "[child] PID: ".posix_getpid().", parent PID: ".posix_getppid().PHP_EOL; exit;} else { echo "[parent] PID: ".posix_getpid().", parent PID: ".posix_getppid().PHP_EOL; pcntl_wait($status);}

Prefork PID ==

parent PID

Parent PID of parent == session PID

parent PID

child PIDchild PID

<?php$pid=pcntl_fork();if ($pid == -1) { die("could not fork");} else if ($pid) { $exists = posix_kill($pid,0)?'still':'no longer'; echo "[parent] Child process $pid $exists exists".PHP_EOL; echo "[parent] Killing child process $pid".PHP_EOL; posix_kill($pid,SIGTERM); echo "[parent] Child process $pid killed".PHP_EOL; pcntl_wait($status); $exists = posix_kill($pid,0)?'still':'no longer'; echo "[parent] Child process $pid $exists exists".PHP_EOL;} else { while(true){ sleep(100); } exit;}

“KILL 0” checks existence

Send SIGTERM signal

Child process is dead

Some PCNTL guidelines

✓Detect your CWD

✓Use PID files

✓Control you file privileges

✓Detach you session

✓Avoid rogue child processes

✓Cleanup your garbage

Jeroen Keppens: @jkeppenshttp://www.slideshare.net/jkeppens/php-‐in-‐the-‐dark

Talk dedicated to

process control in PHP

Check this guy out !

Thanks !

Cli the other SAPI confoo11

Technology

Transcript of Cli the other SAPI confoo11

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