World War IIWorld War IIBy Joseph EngeBy Joseph Enge

A Fragile PeaceA Fragile Peace

1922- Benito Mussolin becomes head of Italy's government

November 1923- The "Beer Hall Putsch"

1924- While serving 9 months, out of a 5-year 1924- While serving 9 months, out of a 5-year sentence, Hitler dictates sentence, Hitler dictates Mein KampfMein Kampf

September 1931- Japan invades Manchuria

January 30, 1933- Adolf Hitler is appointed January 30, 1933- Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of GermanyChancellor of Germany

"SA and SS, Heil! The great time has now begun. Germany is now awakened. We have won power in Germany. Now we must win over the German people. I know, my comrades, it must have been difficult at times, when you were desiring change which didn't come, so time and time again the appeal has to be made to continue the struggle - you mustn't act yourself, you must obey, you must give in, you must submit to this overwhelming need to obey."

February 27, 1933- Reichstag FireFebruary 27, 1933- Reichstag Fire

1933- Japan withdraws from the League of Nations

1935- Japan strengthens its fleet in contradiction to the Washington Treaty

March 16, 1935- Hitler announces conscription and plans a 36 division, 500,000men army

October 1935- Italy invades Ethiopia

March 7, 1936- Hitler sends his troops into the RhinelandJuly 1936 to March 1939- Spanish Civil War

Fall 1936- The Rome-Berlin Axis is formedDecember 1937- Japanese sink the U.S.S. Panay, 2 Americans are killed

March 1938- Germany annexes Austria

"This land and this people does not come to the Reich with hat in hand. I myself lead you home."

September 1938- Munich Agreement, German demands for the Sudetenland aremet = Appeasement

March 1939- Hitler seizes the rest of Czechoslovakia

April 1939- Italy seizes Albania

August 1939- Nazi- Soviet Pact or Molotov- Ribbentrop Pact Hitler and Stalin agree to split Eastern Europe

The War BeginsThe War Begins

September 1, 1939- Germany invades Poland. The new concept of Blitzkrieg warfare is introduced. Poland falls in 3 weeks.

September 17, 1939- Russia invades Eastern Poland. 15,000 of the captured Polish officers are slaughtered by Stalin's NKVD (KGB) in 1940, Katyn Forest Massacre.

September & October, 1939- Soviet troops September & October, 1939- Soviet troops occupy Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. occupy Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Finland resists Stalin's demands.Finland resists Stalin's demands.

November 1939- The Soviet Union attacks November 1939- The Soviet Union attacks

Finland. Finland holds out at first, butFinland. Finland holds out at first, but outnumbered 5 to 1 they surrender in outnumbered 5 to 1 they surrender in

March. Finland keeps its independence, March. Finland keeps its independence, but gives up territory to Stalin.but gives up territory to Stalin.

April 1940- Hitler conquers Denmark and Norway. 1/3 of the German surface fleet is sunk or heavily damaged in invading Norway.

May 10, 1940- Winston Churchill replaces Neville Chamberlain as British Prime Minister

May 10, 1940 - The Sitzkrieg or Phony May 10, 1940 - The Sitzkrieg or Phony War ends. Germany invades Holland, War ends. Germany invades Holland, Belgium, and Luxembourg. Belgium, and Luxembourg.

June 4, 1940- The British evacuate the last of June 4, 1940- The British evacuate the last of 340,000 troops from Dunkirk340,000 troops from Dunkirk

June 10, 1940 - The French government June 10, 1940 - The French government evacuates Paris. Italy declares war on Franceevacuates Paris. Italy declares war on France

June 14, 1940- German troops enter ParisJune 14, 1940- German troops enter Paris

June 17, 1940- Stalin overthrows the governments in the Baltic States andinstalls communist puppet governments

June 22, 1940- France surrenders in the same rail car and the same town asGermany had surrendered in 1918

June 29, 1940- Stalin invades Eastern June 29, 1940- Stalin invades Eastern Rumania Rumania

July 1, 1940 - French Vichy government is July 1, 1940 - French Vichy government is set upset up

July-September, 1940 Battle of BritainJuly-September, 1940 Battle of Britain

America ReactsAmerica Reacts

May 1940- The U.S. Congress votes for May 1940- The U.S. Congress votes for $17 billion for defense$17 billion for defense

June 1940- Congress passes the Alien June 1940- Congress passes the Alien Registration ActRegistration Act

September 1940- America's first peace September 1940- America's first peace time drafttime draft

The 50 destroyer deal between the U.S. The 50 destroyer deal between the U.S. and Britain and Britain

March 1940- Lend- Lease ActMarch 1940- Lend- Lease Act

July 1941- American troops join British July 1941- American troops join British troops in occupying Iceland, U.S. shipstroops in occupying Iceland, U.S. ships

escort freighters as far as Icelandescort freighters as far as Iceland

August 1941- Atlantic Charter, Roosevelt August 1941- Atlantic Charter, Roosevelt and Churchill pledge a statement ofand Churchill pledge a statement of

postwar aimspostwar aims

September 1941- a U.S. destroyer September 1941- a U.S. destroyer engages a German submarine in combatengages a German submarine in combat

Japan on the MoveJapan on the Move August 1940- Japan seizes French bases in northern August 1940- Japan seizes French bases in northern

IndochinaIndochina

September 1940- Japan signs Tripartite Pact with September 1940- Japan signs Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy Roosevelt declares an embargo Germany and Italy Roosevelt declares an embargo against Japan, increases aid to China, and fortifies the against Japan, increases aid to China, and fortifies the Philippines & GuamPhilippines & Guam

July 1941- Japan occupies all of French IndochinaJuly 1941- Japan occupies all of French IndochinaThe U.S. freezes all Japanese funds in U.S. banksThe U.S. freezes all Japanese funds in U.S. banks

November 1941- U.S.- Japanese Peace TalksNovember 1941- U.S.- Japanese Peace TalksThe U.S. demands Japan pulls out of China Japan The U.S. demands Japan pulls out of China Japan demands U.S. ends embargo and ends aid to Chinademands U.S. ends embargo and ends aid to China

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

December 7, 1941- Japan launches a sneak December 7, 1941- Japan launches a sneak attack against Pearl Harbor. They attack against Pearl Harbor. They

also attack Midway, Wake, Guam, the also attack Midway, Wake, Guam, the Philippines, Malaya, and Singapore. 150 U.S. Philippines, Malaya, and Singapore. 150 U.S. planes and 2400 U.S. soldiers and civilians are planes and 2400 U.S. soldiers and civilians are killed in the Pearl Harbor attack. The bulk of the killed in the Pearl Harbor attack. The bulk of the U.S. battleships are sunk or heavily damaged. U.S. battleships are sunk or heavily damaged. Luckily, the U.S. carrier fleet was out at sea at Luckily, the U.S. carrier fleet was out at sea at the time, Japan's main targetthe time, Japan's main target

War in EuropeWar in Europe October 28, 1940- Greece rejects Italy's demands for the October 28, 1940- Greece rejects Italy's demands for the

use of Greek bases, Italy invades Greeceuse of Greek bases, Italy invades Greece December 1940- The Greeks break through the Italian December 1940- The Greeks break through the Italian

defenses and overrun ¼ of Albania . The Greeks take defenses and overrun ¼ of Albania . The Greeks take 28,000 Italian prisoners. Hitler has to come to Mussolini's 28,000 Italian prisoners. Hitler has to come to Mussolini's aid and send troops to Greece. Hungary, Rumania, aid and send troops to Greece. Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia agree to let German troops Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia agree to let German troops pass through their countries. A revolution in Yugoslavia pass through their countries. A revolution in Yugoslavia forces Hitler to invade Yugoslavia in order to get to forces Hitler to invade Yugoslavia in order to get to GreeceGreece

April 1941- German troops pour into Yugoslavia and April 1941- German troops pour into Yugoslavia and Greece. Both fall quickly, but Hitler's planned invasion of Greece. Both fall quickly, but Hitler's planned invasion of Russia is delayed a critical six weeksRussia is delayed a critical six weeks

June 22, 1941- Hitler invades Russia with June 22, 1941- Hitler invades Russia with 3 million troops and reaches the suburbs 3 million troops and reaches the suburbs of Moscow.of Moscow.

"Brothers and sisters: the German invasion continues. The German Army has taken Lithuania, a large part of Latvia, part of Byelorussia and part of the Ukraine. A great danger hangs over the nation."

December 1941- Russian winter offensive December 1941- Russian winter offensive takes the pressure off of Moscow andtakes the pressure off of Moscow andinflicts heavy German casualties. German inflicts heavy German casualties. German lack of preparedness for a long winter lack of preparedness for a long winter campaign leads to over 1 million men campaign leads to over 1 million men being lost by late March 1942being lost by late March 1942

June 1942 - German summer offensive June 1942 - German summer offensive opens up in southern Russiaopens up in southern Russia

August 22, 1942- The Germans start August 22, 1942- The Germans start assault on Stalingrad the turning point of assault on Stalingrad the turning point of the war, see also Midway and El Alameinthe war, see also Midway and El Alamein

November 19, 1942- Soviet counter-attack in pincer November 19, 1942- Soviet counter-attack in pincer drives begins. The German Sixth Army under General drives begins. The German Sixth Army under General von Paulus at Stalingrad is surroundedvon Paulus at Stalingrad is surrounded

January 1943- The German Sixth Army at Stalingrad January 1943- The German Sixth Army at Stalingrad surrenders in 3 months, the Germans lost 500,000 surrenders in 3 months, the Germans lost 500,000 troops in winter fighting troops in winter fighting

July 1943- Battle of Kursk, last major July 1943- Battle of Kursk, last major German offensive in the Eastern Front,German offensive in the Eastern Front,is stopped. The largest tank battle in is stopped. The largest tank battle in history.history.

October to November 1942- Battle of El Alamein Rommel is October to November 1942- Battle of El Alamein Rommel is defeated in Egypt by Montgomery's British Eighth Armydefeated in Egypt by Montgomery's British Eighth Army

November 8, 1942- Operation Torch, the U.S. forces land in North November 8, 1942- Operation Torch, the U.S. forces land in North Africa and put the squeeze on RommelAfrica and put the squeeze on Rommel

May 1943- The last German position in Africa, Tunisia falls May 1943- The last German position in Africa, Tunisia falls

July 1943- The American and British July 1943- The American and British forces invade Sicily, Mussolini falls from forces invade Sicily, Mussolini falls from power power

Italy SurrendersItaly Surrenders

October 1943- October 1943- Salerno Invasion, Salerno Invasion, American and British American and British forces invade forces invade southern Italysouthern Italy

January 1944- Anzio, January 1944- Anzio, American forces try to American forces try to outflank the Cassino outflank the Cassino Line and take RomeLine and take Rome

June 4, 1944- Rome June 4, 1944- Rome falls falls

June 6, 1944- Operation Overlord, The June 6, 1944- Operation Overlord, The Normandy Invasion. The biggest naval Normandy Invasion. The biggest naval invasion in history American and British invasion in history American and British forces land in Franceforces land in France

August 1944- Paris is taken by the AlliesAugust 1944- Paris is taken by the Allies

December 1944 to January 1945- The December 1944 to January 1945- The Battle of the Bulge. Hitler's last gamble Battle of the Bulge. Hitler's last gamble and offensive of the warand offensive of the war

March 7, 1945- American forces cross the March 7, 1945- American forces cross the Rhine River at RemagenRhine River at Remagen

April 12, 1945- President Roosevelt dies, Harry April 12, 1945- President Roosevelt dies, Harry Truman is sworn in as the new presidentTruman is sworn in as the new president

April 25 1945- April 25 1945- American and American and Russian forces meet Russian forces meet at Torgauat Torgau

April 30, 1945- Adolf Hitler and his new April 30, 1945- Adolf Hitler and his new bride Eva commit suicidebride Eva commit suicide

May 2, 1945- Russians take BerlinMay 2, 1945- Russians take Berlin

May 7, 1945- V.E. Day Germany May 7, 1945- V.E. Day Germany surrenders to the Allies surrenders to the Allies

Campaign in the PacificCampaign in the Pacific

December 8, 1941- The U.S. declares war December 8, 1941- The U.S. declares war on Japan after their sneak attack aton Japan after their sneak attack at

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

April 18, 1942- Colonel James Doolittle with 16 April 18, 1942- Colonel James Doolittle with 16 B-25 medium bombers raidsB-25 medium bombers raidsTokyoTokyo

May 7, 1942- Battle of Coral Sea May 7, 1942- Battle of Coral Sea

June 4 to 7, 1942- Battle of MidwayJune 4 to 7, 1942- Battle of Midway

The U.S. Navy heavily damages the superior The U.S. Navy heavily damages the superior numbered Japanese Imperial Fleet. The numbered Japanese Imperial Fleet. The Japanese lose 4 aircraft carriers to our 1. The Japanese lose 4 aircraft carriers to our 1. The turning point of the war in the Pacificturning point of the war in the Pacific

August 1942- American forces invade August 1942- American forces invade GuadalcanalGuadalcanal

July 1943- The start of the South Pacific July 1943- The start of the South Pacific offensiveoffensive

February 1944- American forces invade the February 1944- American forces invade the Marshall IslandsMarshall Islands

October 1944- The October 1944- The liberation of the liberation of the Philippines and the Philippines and the last major naval last major naval action action

for the Japanesefor the Japanese

February to March 1945- Invasion of Iwo February to March 1945- Invasion of Iwo JimaJima

April to June 1945- April to June 1945- Invasion of OkinawaInvasion of Okinawa

110,000 Japanese 110,000 Japanese soldiers killedsoldiers killed

12,600 American 12,600 American soldiers and sailorssoldiers and sailors killedkilled

March to August 1945- Greatest air offensive in March to August 1945- Greatest air offensive in history. One raid on Tokyo on March 10 killed history. One raid on Tokyo on March 10 killed 100,000 and wounded 125,000 with 300 B-29 100,000 and wounded 125,000 with 300 B-29 SuperfortressSuperfortress

heavy bombersheavy bombers

July 16, 1945- The first atomic bomb is July 16, 1945- The first atomic bomb is detonated at Los Alamos New Mexicodetonated at Los Alamos New Mexico

August 6, 1945- The Superfortress Enola August 6, 1945- The Superfortress Enola Gay drops an atomic bomb on Hiroshima Gay drops an atomic bomb on Hiroshima 80,000 killed and as many wounded80,000 killed and as many wounded

August 9, 1945- A second atomic bomb is August 9, 1945- A second atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasakidropped on Nagasaki

10,000 killed10,000 killed

120,000 wounded120,000 wounded

August 10, 1945- Japanese offer August 10, 1945- Japanese offer surrendersurrender

September 2, 1945-The formal Japanese September 2, 1945-The formal Japanese surrender ceremony is held in Tokyosurrender ceremony is held in Tokyo

harbor on the U.S.S. Missouriharbor on the U.S.S. Missouri

From September 1939 to September From September 1939 to September 1945 55 million people killed1945 55 million people killed

AtrocitiesAtrocities

1939-1945 Hitler's 1939-1945 Hitler's Final Solution, Holocaust Final Solution, Holocaust 12 million 12 million civilians from occupied European nations and from civilians from occupied European nations and from Germany itself are killed in Nazi concentration camps, 6 Germany itself are killed in Nazi concentration camps, 6 million are Jewish. 1/3 of the Jewish population of million are Jewish. 1/3 of the Jewish population of Europe is killed. Europe is killed.

1941-1945 Japanese 1941-1945 Japanese treatment of prisoners of wartreatment of prisoners of war

Of the 95,000 American, Of the 95,000 American, British, Canadian, Australian, British, Canadian, Australian, and New Zealanders captured, and New Zealanders captured, 28 percent die (27,000) from 28 percent die (27,000) from starvation diets, brutal hard starvation diets, brutal hard work, and physical abuse. work, and physical abuse. Bataan Death March- 650 Bataan Death March- 650 Americans and between 5,000 Americans and between 5,000 to 10,000 Filipinos died during to 10,000 Filipinos died during the march- many of them the march- many of them clubbed, bayoneted, or shot clubbed, bayoneted, or shot by Japanese guardsby Japanese guards

1941-1945 - German treatment of Russian 1941-1945 - German treatment of Russian prisonersprisonersThe Germans captured 5.8 million Russian The Germans captured 5.8 million Russian soldiers. 473,000 Russian POW's die in soldiers. 473,000 Russian POW's die in German care during the war; 20% of German care during the war; 20% of Russian soldiers who survive the German Russian soldiers who survive the German captivity are either executed or worked to captivity are either executed or worked to death in the gulags by Stalin when death in the gulags by Stalin when they return home after the war. they return home after the war.

April 1940- 15,000 April 1940- 15,000 Polish prisoners are Polish prisoners are executed at Katyn executed at Katyn Forest outsideForest outside

Smolensk by Stalin.Smolensk by Stalin.

1941-1945- Russian treatment of German 1941-1945- Russian treatment of German prisonersprisoners

Of the estimated 3.5 million German Of the estimated 3.5 million German soldiers captured by the Russians,soldiers captured by the Russians,

1.5 million did not survive. Of those who 1.5 million did not survive. Of those who survive, many do not return tosurvive, many do not return to

Germany until the 1950's.Germany until the 1950's.

August to October 1944- Warsaw UprisingAugust to October 1944- Warsaw Uprising

200,000 Poles and Jew are killed in an uprising 200,000 Poles and Jew are killed in an uprising against the Germans Stalin urged them to revolt against the Germans Stalin urged them to revolt against the Germans as his troops approachedagainst the Germans as his troops approached

the outskirts of Warsaw. Stalin then halted his the outskirts of Warsaw. Stalin then halted his army outside of Warsaw and let the Germans army outside of Warsaw and let the Germans destroy the uprising in order to eliminate Polish destroy the uprising in order to eliminate Polish

resistance for his planned communist takeover resistance for his planned communist takeover of Poland.of Poland.

May 1945- Slaughter of Germans at May 1945- Slaughter of Germans at PraguePrague30,000 Germans killed by Czech civilians, 30,000 Germans killed by Czech civilians, mostly women and children. German mostly women and children. German women were publicly raped, Achilles women were publicly raped, Achilles tendons cut, bound together with barbed tendons cut, bound together with barbed wire and drowned in the river. Children wire and drowned in the river. Children were taken out of were taken out of school to be drowned school to be drowned in horse troughs or shot.in horse troughs or shot.

May 1945- Russian troops rape and May 1945- Russian troops rape and pillage. An estimated 110,000 Germanpillage. An estimated 110,000 German

women raped in Berlin alone.women raped in Berlin alone.