water supply scheme
30
WATER SUPPLY SCHEME BY SHIVA KUMAR SOMASEKHAR SUDHARSHAN SUNIL KUMAR REDDY
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Transcript of water supply scheme
WATER SUPPLY SCHEME
BYSHIVA KUMARSOMASEKHARSUDHARSHANSUNIL KUMAR REDDY
CONTENTS : IMPORTANCE OF WATER
OBJECTIVES OF PROTECTED WATER SUPPLY
COMPONENTS OF A PROTECTED WATER SUPPLY SCHEME
PERCAPITA DEMAND
SYSTEMS OF DISTRIBUTION
LAYOUTS OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
9C405.5
General Importance of waterNo life can exist without water
It is as essential for life as air is
Two-third of human body is constituted of water
Provides luxuries and comforts to human beings
3
9C405.5
Objectives of protected water supply
To supply safe and wholesome water to consumers
To supply water in sufficient quantities
To supply water at convenient points and timings
To supply water at reasonable cost to the users
To encourage personal and house hold cleanliness of users
The objectives of protected water supply scheme are
4
9C405.6
Components of a protected water supply scheme
Source of water
Intakes
Treatment
Distribution
9C405.66
Classification of sources of water
9C405.6
Water Supply Scheme
Sources of water
Surface sources
Sub-surface sources
Springs
WellsPonds, lakes Rivers and streams
Impounding reservoirs
Infiltration galleries
Infiltration wellsArtesian
wellsDug wells Driven wells Tube wells
Shallow tube wells
Deep tube wells
Intake works
Treatment Works
Aeration Sedimentation
Filtration
Disinfection
Miscellaneous treatment
Distribution system
Supply to the consumer
7
Fig 1 Schematic diagram of typical water supply scheme
9C405.12 8
Design period
Water supply projects includes permanent
constructions at Intakes, treatment plants and
overhead tanks and laying of pipe lines
They can not be replaced or resized or
reconstructed easily in every year, as per the
needs of the increased population, as it include
huge amount of capital
9C405.12 9
Design period contd..The design periods for various project
components may be taken as follows
ComponentStorage reservoirInfiltration worksPipe connectionsDistribution systemsWater treatment unitsElectric motors and pumps
Design period
15 years15 years
50 years
30 years30 years30 years
9C405.6
Intakes
Intakes are structures which collect water from
the surface sources, for further conveyance to
treatment plant
eg. Reservoir intake, Lake intake, River intake,
Canal intake
10
9C405.6
Treatment of water
The raw water from different sources contains
various impurities
It can not be directly used by the public
To reduce the impurities below the allowable
limits, raw water should be properly treated in a
treatment plant
11
9C405.7
Factors affecting ‘per capita demand’
1. Social and economical status of consumer
2. Cost of water
3. Climatic conditions
4. Industrial and commercial activities
5. Pressure in distribution system
12
9C405.9
Per Capita Demand
DefinitionIt is the amount of water required by one person
per one day ( based on annual average)
It includes the domestic use, industrial and commercial use, public use, wastes and thefts, fire demand etc.
1313
9C405.9
Variation in water demand
The water demand is not constant through out
There are wide variations in the use of water in
different seasons, months, days and hours
The variation depends on the general habits of
people, climatic conditions and character of city
such as industrial, Commercial and residential etc.
14
9C405.9
Types of variations in water demand
Seasonal variations
Monthly variations
Daily variations
Hourly variations
15
9C405.9 16
Fig 1 variation of water demand in a day
17
Requirements of Good Distribution System
• Simple and easy to operate
• Sufficient pressure head at all points • The minimum residual pressure for a single storey building is
0.07 N/mm2 and for a double storey building is 0.12 N/mm2
•Requisite amount of water for fire fighting• Economical
• Distribution pipes should not be laid below sewer lines, to avoid pollution
• Min. pipe sizes of 100 mm for towns having population up to 50,000 and 150 mm pipes for those above 50,000
9C405.41 & 42 18
Systems Of Distribution
• COMBINED OR DUAL SYSTEM
• GRAVITY OR DIRECT SYSTEM
• PUMPING OR INDIRECT SYSTEM
9C405.41 & 42 19
Fig. 1 GRAVITY SYSTEM
Systems of distribution contd..
9C405.41 & 42 20
Fig.2 PUMPING SYSTEM
Systems of distribution contd..
9C405.41 & 42 21
FIG.3 COMBINED GRAVITY & PUMPING SYSTEM
Systems of distribution contd..
9C405.45 & 46 22Fig.2 OHSR (RECTANGULAR)
9C405.45 & 46 239C405.43 & 44 23
Methods / Systems of supply
Water may be supplied by two systems / methods
• Continuous system
• Intermittent system
9C405.47 & 48 24
Layouts in distribution system
• CIRCULAR or RING SYSTEM
• DEAD END OR TREE SYSTEM
• GRID IRON SYSTEM
Depending on method of layout of the pipe lines, the distribution systems are classified as…
• RADIAL SYSTEM
9C405.47 & 48 25Fig.1 Dead end or tree system
Dead end
Dead end
MD
MD
MD
MD
CV
CV
CV
CV MD – minor distributorsDE – dead end
DE
9C405.49 26
Fig.1 Grid iron system
9C405.50 & 51 27
Fig.1 Circle (or) ring system
9C405.50 & 51 28
Fig.2 Radial system
Next to Air, the other important requirement for human life to exist, is water.As a matter of fact every living soul requires water for its survival.So,providing purified water to everyone in economicway with suitable methods.
CONCLUSION:
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