Additional Design Information

Lot 1: Kidyama Pumping Water Supply Scheme1.1.1. Location

Kidyama Village is located in Kasulu Township area within Lon. 30.1140200 lat. 4.54708300 and 30.1140200 lat. 4.54708300

The Villages Elevation ranges within 1200 to 1258 MASL

Figure 2 Kigoma Region Districts Map showing Kidyama Village in the insert

1.1.2. Population The population of Kidyama village as projected from the 2012 Tanzania National Population Census is as follows:

District Village 2012 2021 2031Kasulu Kidyama 10,638 13,169 16,694

1.1.3. Topography and Rainfall Land surface in Kasulu is hilly, ranging between 800 and 2,400 meters above sea level, punctuated with numerous valleys and plains. The soil is mostly loam and clay. A sizeable amount of alluvial soil is found in the district. A big part of Kasulu district is covered with woodlands and swamps. However, Kidyama village is flat with a gentle slope. Surrounded by seasonal and perennial streams and well recharged from the General hilly topography of Kasulu. The village lays between 1200 and 1258 MASL Annual rainfall ranges between 800 mm. and 1600 mm,

1.1.4. Water Availability for Kidyama VillageKidyama Village is neighbored by a number of streams which include the seasonal Hwazi, and the perennial Bogwe and Ruchugi. In terms of ground water there is a number of shallow wells and deep boreholes drilled in the village, however there is no data to justify their hydrogeological information. Estimates from a borehole drilled at Kigoma Grand High School about 4 km from the village indicate that high yield borehole of 30 to 50m3 can be struck in the area.

Currently Kidyama Village does not have any improved water supply service; however, about 8 years ago the village used to have water supply services from a group gravity-fed system from Mgandazi stream. The system served three other villages which include; Nyansha, Nyantare, and Kigondo. Failure of the scheme to serve Kidyama was attributed to inadequate operation and maintenance services rendered to the scheme, a decline of water quantity, especially during the dry season.

During the preliminary assessment conducted by WASKIRP in 2018 the following was revealed;

A group scheme for the 4 villages was constructed in 1988. Since its construction for the past 32 years, the scheme had never received any

major rehabilitation, The scheme had higher defects that included leakage of the tank and pipeline,

malfunctioning of valves, damaged intake and in addition overloaded by private connections.

Currently water quantity and quality have declined due to degradation activities conducted by upstream communities, among the activities include farming, tree cutting, use of agrichemicals and divergence of water from streams to farms.

Decline of water has reduced water supply to the communities by about 70%. Flow measurements made in 2018 indicated that the flow of the stream was

72.8l/sec and 44.7l/sec in August and October 2018 respectively.

From these findings WASKIRP turned it focus on exploration of ground Water availability in the area. Preliminary exploration reveals that the borehole site is anticipated to be established within a radius of 5 Kilometers from the center of the village.

1.1.5. Water Demand and Design Horizon The design period for the Kidyama proposed pumping scheme is 10 years and the design horizon from 2021 to 2031. WASKIRP recommends that 90% of the population shall be considered for public taps with a supply level of 25l/p/d while 10% shall be for private connection with a supply level of 70l/p/p/d. The projected population of Kidyama for 2031 is 16,694 people. The area to be covered is 14.3Km2

The assignment shall be conducted in two parts: Part 1: Inception period of two weeks; and Part 2: Technical studies, Topographical Surveys Detailed design and Tender Documentation. Both phases shall be undertaken on a lump-sum contract within a duration of 8 weeks. The consultant shall take full responsibility of the designs but shall collaborate with stakeholders i.e. Enabel Technical Staff, Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency (RUWASA) and any other- the Consultant finds necessary for fulfilment of the assignment. The consultant shall be required to make consultations with communities to take into account their social and economic needs.

Additional Design Information

Lot 2: Kakonko Pumping Water Supply Scheme1.1.6. General description of the district

Kakonko district was established into a district in 2010, when it was detached from Kibondo district, it is among the most recent established districts in Tanzania, aging between 5 to 10 years. The district is located in the Northern part of the Kigoma Region. It is bounded by Ngara and Biharamulo districts of Kagera Region, Kibondo district in Kigoma Region and internationally by Burundi. Administratively the district is distributed into 14 Wards and 44Villages. Its total area is 2,209km2. The district headquarter is formed by 4 villages, namely - Kakonko, Mbizi, Mganza and Itumbiko.According to the 2012 National Population Census, Kakonko district had a population of 167,555 in 2012. Hence, with a population growth rate of 2.4%, in 2020 the district’s population is projected to have grown to 202,562.

1.1.7. Targeted Villages for Water Supply under WASKIRP fundingWASKIR targets 7 villages which are located in 2 Wards of Kiziguzigu and Kasuga. Total population in 2020 projected from the 2012 Tanzania National Population Census is 36,462 people. A table below indicates population distribution in each village.

SN Village 2012 2021 2031Kasuga Ward1 Nyakayenzi 4,871 6,030 7644

2 Kinonko 6,018 7,450 94443 Kasuga 5,664 7,012 8888

Kiziguzigu Ward9 Kiziguzigu 2,982 3,692 4680

10 Kiyobera 3,005 3,720 471611 Ruyenzi 2,277 2,819 3573

12 Kabingo 4,636 5,739 7275

Totals 29,453 36,462 46,220

1.1.8. Accessibility

Kakonko district is accessed by road from; Kigoma via Kibondo, from the rest of the country through Nyakanazi in Biharamulo and through several border posts between Tanzania and Burundi.

1.1.9. Water Resources Physiography and Land Use a) Surface Water

Kakonko district has several Rivers. Some of them are transboundary. The major ones include; Mgembezi (Katengera), Mwiruzi and Ruwiti, All these rivers flows, into the district from Burundi. The three Mgembezi (Katengera), Mwiruzi and Ruwiti form Moyowosi, which further downstream drains into Malagarasi River. Mwiruzi, Ruwiti and Moyowosi Rivers are among the rivers installed with monitoring gauges by Lake Tanganyika Basin Water Board, however, despite the effort made to gauge the rivers, there is very little information on the flow trend of these Rivers. A very appropriate method should be adopted to generate data from through stream flow modelling from the information which could be made available by Lake Tanganyika Basin Water Board, WASKIRP and RUWASA

b) Ground Water

Studies on underground water hasn’t been successful in exploring facts on this valuable resource for the area. There is no any specific study that has ever been done to determine ground water potential, not only in Kakonko district but in the entire Kigoma Region. Few explorations made, have purposely been to fulfil specific water supply demand for specific population i.e. for refugee camp, for road construction or for village water supply.

Available records from UNHCR which have struggled to make available water supply for the refugee camp for about 2 decades indicates difficulties in striking capable aquifers to meet higher water demands. The same experience has also been earned by Tanzania Christian for Refugee Services, an institution which has been in the Region for more than 20 years. More experience on the concern, is as well confirmed by the Lake Tanganyika Basin Water Board an Institution responsible for water resources management in the area and which has been involved in conducting several hydrogeological investigations for hundreds of boreholes drilled in the region.

The challenges in securing adequate information is attributed to, the complicated geological formation of the area, limitation of Hydrogeological and geophysical investigation methods being employed and drilling methods. Most of the drilling conducted in the area have indicated, a yield of bedrock borehole to ranges from 2m3 to 20m3. Boreholes taping water from overburden and bedrock have indicated higher yields ranging from 2m3 to 20m3 in lowlands especially in alluvial deposits areas. References on Drilling and hydrogeology of the area can be obtained from LTBWO, WASKIRP and RUWASA

1.1.10. Physiography, vegetation and land useThe villages physiography is gently sloping land, rolling hills and valleys. Vegetation include; shrubs on the moderately flat land few remaining miombo far outside settlement areas and very limited riverine along stream banks. Much of the valley areas especially, within flood reserve areas are used for irrigated farming of mainly paddy, maize and vegetables. Cassava, and other crops are mainly grown on elevated areas.

1.1.11. Water Resources in the Targeted Water a) Surface Water

The Kiziguzigu Ward consists of 4 villages i.e. Kabingo, Kiyobera, Ruyenzi and Kiziguzigu the 4 villages are surrounded of fed by 4 streams which include; Nguliro- (Ngomo), Kiziguzigu, (Kumlila), Nyantozi –(Kasange). Nguliro stream which provides a source for Water Supply to the 4 villages of Kiziguzigu is currently becoming perennial following a protection effort which was facilitated by the LTBWB to the communities in 2011. However, prior to 2011 between 2005 and 2011 Nguliro stream’s flow had declined so much. Nyantozi and Kiziguzigu have been unpredictable by either dying up or developing perennial characteristic. The weather conditions prevailing during the year have been a determining factor of the trend.

b) Groundwater in the targeted Kiziguzigu WardGround water condition of the Kiziguzigu Ward is highly dictated by area’s Geology. Superficially the Geology is as follows

From 0 to 10m -laterite, clayey soils. From 10 to 30m - clayey formations with intrusion of quartz, chert Further deeper in a range of 30m to around 200m the geology is of mudstones

The geology is furthermore evidenced by the information on boreholes, shallow wells and protected springs as summarized below;

A total of 10 shallow wells were dug in the 4 villages however, 5 of them no longer function the functioning five works only during the rainy season

5 Boreholes have been drilled in the area, the confirmed yield of some of these boreholes is 3.5m3/hr. the depth of these boreholes’ ranges from 60m to 175m the borehole formation

A number of springs exist in each of the 4 village of Kiziguzigu ward most of them dries up of declines causing communities to walk long distances searching water for domestic and non-domestic uses.

Lack of adequate water from available sources in the villages, and poor management of the developed water systems not only in these villages is the major factor which calls in WASKIRP to intervene on the situation with its key 3 results area mentioned previously.

1.1.12. Surface Water Sources Targeted for Water Supply development

Recommended Surface water sources for this development will include: Katengera, Ruwiti and Moyowosi Rivers. Reports from the Lake Tanganyika Basin Water Board (LTWB) indicate that there are hydrometric stations at Nyarusange for Ruwiti River and at Kanyoni for Moyowosi River however, the LTBWO has limited information to support decision making, especially on flow. The only information available at the Basin is on stream water levels.

1.1.13. Water Transmission, environmental and social concerns It is expected that the source of this scheme will be upstream of Katengera river. For the water to be transmitted to the targeted villages in Kiziguzigu Ward, a pipeline will have to pass through three other villages namely, Kinonko, Kakonko and Kasuga. Kinonko and Kasuga do not have any improved water supply while the old Kakonko village is a part of Kakonko Township and is provided with water by the Township authority. On the other way to Nyakayenzi village is on the upstream of the proposed abstraction point. This necessitates that the service area should include the three villages of Kinonko, Kasuga and Nyakayenzi.