Dr. V JayaramanSatish Dhawan Professor & Senior Advisor (Space Applications)ISRO H B l

Expert Group Meeting on Building eExpert Group Meeting on Building e--Resilience through Resilience through ICT and Space TechnologyICT and Space Technology

UN-ESCAPBangkok

Nov 20-21, 2012

Source: Ian Scoones, IDS

LIVE

LIH

OO

D S

TRA

TEG

IES

Influence& access

VULNERABILITY CONTEXT

•Shocks

•Stresses

•Seasonality

POLICY, INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES

• Levels of Govt.

• Private sector • Laws

• Policies• Culture

• Institutions

LIVELIHOOD OUTCOMES

• Improved well- being

• More income • Reduced

vulnerability• Improved food

security• More

sustainable use of NR base

LIVELIHOOD ASSETS

in o

rder

to a

chie

ve

Social

Financial

Natural

Human

Phys

ical

Poverty Vulnerability to ShocksVulnerability to Climate Change

Sustainable Livelihoods Resilience to shocks & StressAdaptable to Climate Change

ICT could be yet another Livelihood Asset for the Poor. ICT have a role in Livelihood Outcomes too!

Pak Floods 2010

Pak Floods 2010

Thai Floods 2011

Cyclone, Bangladesh 2007 Bihar Floods , India 2008

Earthquake Muzaffarabad 2005

Tsunami 2004

Earthquake Kobe 1995

Earthquake Sichuan 2008

For low capacity countries, the cumulative effect of small scale disasters increases

vulnerability

DisastersDisasters: : Deaths, Miseries and Deaths, Miseries and DamagesDamages

What ICT & Space Technology could do?

Source: ESCAP

Japan Tsunami 2011

Source: Joseph K Ber

• Atmospheric chemistry instruments• Atmospheric temperature & humidity

sounders• Cloud Profilers & Rain Radars• Earth Radiation Budget Radiometers• High resolution optical imagers• Imaging multi-spectral radiometers

(vis/IR)• Imaging multi-spectral radiometers

(passive microwave)• Imaging microwave radars• LIDARs (Backscatter; DIAL; Doppler)• Multiple direction/ polarisation

instruments• Ocean colour instruments• Radar altimeters• Scatterometers• Gravity, magnetic field & geodynamic

instrumentsTransgressing from Qualitative to Quantitative

IRS (India)

IRS

PR

PALSAR Dual Frequency PR

OCTSSGLIPRISM

ASTEROCI

Next Generation FSSHigher frequency – Ka band; On board processing; Greater power/ more flexible spot beams

Next Generation MSSMoving to “broader band”Smaller lighter user terminalsDynamic allocation of spot beams Hybrid networks (Satellite plus cellular, Wi-Fi, etc)

Next Generation Earth ObservationUltra-high resolution (sub-meter), hyper-spectral and multi-parametric SARThematic Constellation of Agile Satellites, Autonomous MissionsPrecision Products, Personalized Services Advanced atmospheric sounders, radiometers, profilers, Precipitation RadarsFormation flights and sensor-web

Next Generation Satellite NavigationLocation based servicesAugmented Aviation services

Source: Satellite Industry Association (SIA), US - 2006

Last Mile

to Last F

oot Connectiv

ity

Last Mile

to Last F

oot Connectiv

ity

Technology reaching IndividualsTechnology reaching Individuals

Augmented withWeb 2.0; Social Networking

; Smart phones ; Cloud Computing; and Crowd

Sourcing…

Ref: Joseph Berry

Neo-Geography and beyond!

Accuracy concerns pertaining to Crowd Sourcing and security concerns of Cloud Computing are largely

disappearing !

‘Big Data’ and ‘Liquid Data’ and ‘Data Mining ’and ‘GIS as a Service’ on the Cloud are current

buzz words!

‘GIS as a Service’ Social Networking

With RS/GIS; Real Perspective Visualization

Vulnerability Map

(Source: UNOSAT 2004)Without RS/GIS; Static

Early detection of events/  related parameters; and dissemination

Info. on terrain, hydrologic, climaticsocio‐economic and ecologicalaspects of community vulnerability

Pre and Post event change detection, identification of damages..

Creation of vulnerability info. for developmental planning, reconstruction

Broadcasting, VSAT, WLL‐VSAT,  Sat‐phone, DCP

Early Warning

Risk Information

Preparedness

EmergencyCommunication

Impact Assessment

Sub-

syst

ems

Com

pone

nts

of S

pace

A

pplic

atio

ns

UNOOSA

JAXA ISRO

UNESCAP

APRSAFAPRSAFCommunityCommunity

International Charter “Space and Major Disasters

GISTDA

…

UN Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency

Response UN SPIDER

Sentinel Asia

WCDR, Kobe, 2005Hyogo Framework for ActionDevelopment of indicators to assess possible impacts

International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

To develop robust, practical methods sound enough to withstand critical scientific scrutiny

ISDR, 2005

Earth Observation Data playing a major part. Cooperation is the key

Group on Earth Observations (GEO)

Transition from IGOS Geohazards Theme (2004) to Geohazard Community of Practice (2010)GEOSS Societal Benefit Area

An initiative of the Group on Earth Observations (GEO)

Aims at enriching our knowledge about geo-hazards by empowering the global scientific community through collaboration of space and in‐situ data providers and

cross‐domain sharing of data and knowledge.

Hawai as a “Permanent Supersite “ accepted in CEOS

Plenary, Bangalore

To date the Supersites Initiative has focused on the geologic hazards

constituted by active tectonics involving volcanic unrest and damaging earthquakes.

Why can’t such an exercise be done for the Disaster specific Hazard prone

areas in AP region ?

(Cont(Cont……) )

Source: GEO III_ Geohazard Supersites and Natural Laboratories Progress Report Document 9, Nov 2011

JAXA’s ALOS radar interferogram ground

deformation -2010 Haiti earthquake, indicating that the fault near Port-au-Prince is yet

to rupture fully.

Interferogram over Japan earthquake site obtained using ESA’s Envisat satellite.

Example: Typhoon ‘Haikui’

ISRO‐ RISAT‐1 GISTDA‐Thaichote

KARI‐KOMPSAT

China‐Beijing‐1

Near real time satellite imagery supporting Philippines in combating

flood in August 2012

RESAP works through three related strategies: Coordinating and aligning United Nations’

resources; capitalizing on cooperation framework collaborating and building partnerships for the

access of data and long-term capacity development.

Regional Space Applications Programme for Regional Space Applications Programme for Sustainable Development for Asia the Pacific Sustainable Development for Asia the Pacific

(RESAP)(RESAP)

JAXA GCOM-W1“SHIZUKU

Courtesy: GISTDA, ESCAP

RADARSAT 2

An example of synergy between Regional/International Cooperation& National capacity

Source: Thai Flood 2011, World Bank

Geospatial information for DRR – Yet another example of DaLA

Intensive flood risk captured of Intensive flood risk captured of Dera Ismail Khan DistrictDera Ismail Khan District

Source: ITACA WFP

CosmoSkymed data

AfterBefore

Resourcesat Data

Before

After

Cosmo - SkyMED image - © ASI 2009 (30m, May, 30th 2009) covering coastal areas of

Bangladesh

Cartographic representation of flood affected areas on the basis of a map

template

Cyclone SIDR, 2007

Source: Joint Board of Geospatial information Society, UN OOSA

.... Some recent examples from around the World

GOES 13 Image of Hurricane SandySource: NOAA IR imagery from Aqua Source: NASA

JPL

Goo

gle

Cris

is M

ap

GoogleEarth Wind Map

Hurricane Sandy in USAHurricane Sandy in USALoss US $ 20 B { <0.25% GDP}

Newer tools for Public Alerts

NASA TRMM dataCredit: SSA/NASA

Source: Radarsat 1&2 and UNOSAT

Source: Pleaides 1A/ CNES

source: WorldView 2 & UNOSAT

Source: Pleaides 1A/ CNES

Courtesy: Intl. Charter

Many more images! But was the

response slower compared to that

seen in USA ?

There are still more challenges closer home …… AGRICULTURE DROUGHT…. creeping under the feet!

Yes, Earthquake prediction is still a challenge facing the community….

DroughtDrought Meteorological:

departure from long-term average of rainfall

Hydrological:

water shortage due to imbalance between

SW & GW

Agriculturalinadequate

soil moisture & rainfall to

support healthy crop

growth to maturity

RainfallSoil MoistureCrop demand

(depends on weather, genetics, stage & physics & biology of soil underneath) 0

Soil-

Vegn

.-Atm

. Co

ntin

uum

A ‘Creeping’ disaster,

largely localisedTimely data availability with adequate spatial density is important for reliable assessment & appropriate mitigation

Evaporation, WHC of Soils

Soil moisture, Evapotranspiration, Crop water requirement

Rainfall (time, frequency & extent) Met.

Hyd.

Agri.

EO Captures spatial variability, vulnerability and

dynamism quantitatively

Agricultural Area NDVI (AVHRR)

Soil Moisture Index of IndiaResponse of SASI to rainfall and crop sown area

Area Favorable for Crop Sowing

… Some Thoughts

Data is no more a fascination; but, end-use is Always!!

Make the Data Affordable, Accessible and Useful

Source: Sanjay Srivatsava, ESCAP

The question is not whether a developing country should adopt space technology.The question is

whether a country can afford to ignore it – Dr Vikram Sarabhai

Where is the Life we have lost in living?Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge?

Where is the knowledge we have lost in information?T.S. Eliot, "The Rock", Faber & Faber 1934.

Thanks

Information is the Difference that makes the Difference