The French The French RevolutionRevolution

!!Vivre la !!Vivre la Re’volution!!Re’volution!!

??What you should know??• 1.) What

contributed to the start of the French Revolution?

• 2.) Which group of people made up the majority of the French population?

• 3.) What document came out of the revolution? It resembles what document from another revolution?

Facts About Facts About FranceFrance 1789 1789

•Feudalism at its worst.•Last of the great absolute monarchies**Louis

16th

Issues with Louis XIV

• Expanded the decadencedecadence of the monarchy.

• !!Lived it up!!!!Lived it up!!….– While the peasants suffered.

• Palace of Versailles….Re-DONK-U-lousRe-DONK-U-lous• Sets a bad precedent….

King King LOUIS XVILOUIS XVI• Absolute Absolute

MonarchMonarch.– Lived a life of

decadence.– Married to

Marie.

• What help does he give to the French people….?

Marie Antoinette Marie Antoinette • Father was Holy

Roman Emperor.– Ruler of

Austria– Betrothed to

Louis in 1770.

• Had very crooked teeth.

• Outshine others at Versailles.– Think Paris

Hilton

FEUDALISMFEUDALISM

Knights

~King relied on his Knights and Nobles to help keep control of his Kingdom. ~Serfs were

what we could consider as peasants or

treated as slaves tied to the land they worked.

1st Estate

2nd Estate

3rd Estate

Clergy of Roman Catholic Church (2%)Nobility (1%)

Rest of Population (97%)

Estate System (OLD REGIME)

Estate Voting•Each Estate would equal one vote.

•Two “upper class” estates would out-vote lower class.

1st Estate

2nd Estate

3rd Estate

King

Voting by “Orders”Voting by “Orders”

• Each Estate’s Each Estate’s vote is weighed vote is weighed equally.equally.

5 May , 17895 May , 1789

•Rising new class called the Bourgeoisie “Boo-z-wa-zeeBoo-z-wa-zee”–Doctors, Lawyers, Bankers.–Artisans

•Steel smiths•Blacksmiths•Gunsmiths 3 rd

ESTATE

NEW CLASS TAKES CHARGENEW CLASS TAKES CHARGE

““The Third Estate The Third Estate Awakens”Awakens”

The French Absolute Monarchy:

1775 - 1793Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI

The Palace of The Palace of VersaillesVersailles

A sign of decadence, while the French people

starved.

•Financial Issues-–rising rent/prices/taxes/–NO BREADNO BREAD

•Bourgeoisie wanted political power.

•Third Estate wanted “natural rights”“natural rights”..

Growing Problems

The Tennis Court Tennis Court Oath

THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY NATIONAL ASSEMBLY IS BORN

““We will never separate, We will never separate, until we have established a until we have established a

Constitution.”Constitution.”

Revolution BeginsRevolution Begins•The people of France (3rd Estate) raided the Bastille Bastille PrisonPrison- 14, July 178914, July 1789

The BastilleThe Bastille

LouisLouis has no clue…? has no clue…?

• As King Louis XVI Louis XVI returns from a hunting trip.

• A squire comes to give the news of popular violence to the King.

• “Is it a revolt?”– Louis XVI

• “No Sire, it is a

REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION.”

Beginning of Reforms•“Declaration of Rights of ManDeclaration of Rights of Man”

•Guaranteed many rights and political powers

•Freedom of speech, press, religion *(Taxes based on ability to pay)

•Right to take part in government.

–“Liberty, Equality, Liberty, Equality, FraternityFraternity”

““Justice under Justice under reasonable laws.”reasonable laws.”

Constitution Constitution - 1791•Waves of women helped take issues to the king

•Separation of Powers-King reluctantly agreed to Constitution

•King secretly plotted to overthrow new governmentOlympe de GougesOlympe de Gouges --

“Woman is Born Free.”

End of the Monarchy

•French govt. would completely remove the king….

Louis tries to flee FranceLouis tries to flee France

• Marie and the King seek to Marie and the King seek to abdicate to Montemedy abdicate to Montemedy (northeastern France).(northeastern France).– Dress as servants and are taken Dress as servants and are taken

by carriage.by carriage.– Spotted by a keeper at a small Inn Spotted by a keeper at a small Inn

near Varennes.near Varennes.

• Returned to Paris and Returned to Paris and incarcerated.incarcerated.

Execution of Execution of Louis XVILouis XVI

•Louis Louis XVIXVI was accused of plotting against the security of the nation and sentenced to deathdeath. –““Conspiracy against the public Conspiracy against the public liberty and the general safetyliberty and the general safety.”.”

•Vote of 361 to 288 for an Immediate sentenceImmediate sentence.

21, January 1793

The The GuillotineGuillotine

The National The National RazorRazor

Extreme Makeover Extreme Makeover ---- ----

Guillotine editionGuillotine edition•

• Louis Before….

Louis After….Louis After….

21, January 21, January 17931793

The National ConventionThe National Convention

•The new government was elected under universal manhood suffrage.–Every Every adult male adult male could could votevote

Attitudes of the Revolution•RadicalsRadicals-wanted drastic changes (republic).

•ConservativesConservatives-wanted little changes (constitutional monarchy).

•ModeratesModerates- depended on issue

MaximiliMaximilienRobesenRobes

pierrepierre

MaximiliMaximilienRobesenRobes

pierrepierre

Committee of Public Committee of Public SafetySafety

Maximilien RobespierreMaximilien Robespierre

• Brilliant Lawyer and JacobinJacobin..– Middle-Class Lawyers Middle-Class Lawyers

or intellectualsor intellectuals

• Demanded Equality.• Represented the 3rd

Estate.

• Sought to end the end the MONARCHYMONARCHY..

• Led the

Committee of Committee of Public SafetyPublic Safety

17931793 Reign of Terror Reign of Terror 17941794

•Time period in the revolution where many people were executed. 40,000 + killed40,000 + killed

•Most “enemies” (conservatives and moderates) of the Revolution were killed.

The DirectoryThe Directory• 2 – House legislature

elected by men who owned property.– Universal Manhood Universal Manhood

SuffrageSuffrage.– All adult men can All adult men can

vote!vote!

• Very weak, but ruled like Dictatorship.

• Church is now controlled by….the STATE!!

1789-17991789-1799 Ten years laterTen years later

• Many of those loyal to the Monarchy and Church are elected and win seats in Legislature

• They want to re-install a monarchy for France

• Who will this upset????

• The politicians turn to NAPOLEON to lead France out of this period.

??What you should know??• 1.) What

contributed to the start of the French Revolution?

• 2.) Which group of people made up the majority of the French population?

• 3.) What document came out of the revolution? It resembles A Declaration from another revolution?

• Hand this in at the end of class.