THE EUROPEAN

EXPERIENCE OF E-BUS

ASRTU Electric Bus Dialogue

22 December 2017 | Bengaluru

Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health:http://www.thelancet.com/commissions/pollution-and-health

http://www.dw.com/en/pollution-killing-more-people-than-war-and-violence-says-report/a-41044277

Filter-equipped diesel

Gas Engine

Zero Emission Electric Drive

ANY Euro VI OR

WHAT TECHNOLOGIES DELIVER

CLEAN MOBILITY?

Source: Clean Urban Bus Fleets – Industry Partnership and City Action, ICCT USA

+

YEARLY OWNERSHIP COSTS FOR

A SINGLE BUS IN SAO PAULO

4Source: Clean Urban Bus Fleets – Industry Partnership and City Action, ICCT USA

TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP CHANGES

THE FINANCING PERSPECTIVE

Source: Clean Urban Bus Fleets – Industry Partnership and City Action, ICCT USA

THE MARKET

• 98% of the electric buses sold worldwide (2016)

was in China

• European cities decides

for electric buses:

- Eindhoven

- Amsterdam

- Paris

- Copenhagen

- London

- Oslo

- Gothenburg

- Hamburg

- … And many more

UITP6

12 21 3799 124

193

384

824

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017F

Europe: Year of delivery

China: Year of delivery

BYD DELIVERING THE LARGEST

ORDER OF ELECTRIC BUSES

7

By the end of 2017, all of Shenzhen City’s 16,500 buses have been electrified

STRONG INTEREST IN EUROPE

FOR ELECTRIC BUSES

8

Bus fleet breakdown per fuel or energy used (2013)

+ 41,5%

Future fleet

Respondents distribution according to

future plans to change propulsion system ratio

European Current fleet composition

ELECTRIC BUS ORDERS IN EUROPE

ARE GROWING FAST!

UITP9

33 39

163 144178

277

544

859

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Jan-Sep

Number of eBuses Orders in Europe / year

Source: ADL - 2017

MARKET SHARE EVOLUTION

EU URBAN BUS

UITP10

52%

29%

9%

9%

11%

13%

18%

32%

50%

2%5% 9%

15% 16% 15%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2020 2025 2030

EU Urban Bus Market Share Evolution

Clean Diesel Diesel-Hybrids Electric Electric (Fuel Cells) CNG/Bio-gas

In Europe today 45% of buses areEuro III or older!

5 MAIN CHALLENGES FOR E-BUS DEPLOYMENT IN EUROPE

11

High upfront costMore challenging

operation

Standardisation & Interoperability

Reinforcing cooperationenergy/bus

New ways to procure- Vehicles & infrastructure

- Operation services

▪ General operation organization▪ Environmental factors (weather, traffic, power conditions)

▪ Constraints• Power Supply Capacity• State of Health of the batteries

▪ Service planning, working timetable, scheduling,

consolidation of the driving staff

▪ Writing safety regulations and operation documents

▪ Drivers training

▪ Participation in testing and commissioning phase

▪ Management of all the interventions over the running way

(protocol for the technical services of the city, the winter

maintenance…)

OPERATIONS

12 UITP

PREPARE PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS

▪Operations Plans

▪Maintenance Plans

▪ Recruitment Plans

▪ Training Plans

▪ Safety Plans

13 UITP

TRAINING OF DRIVERS

Specific driving training for Electric Buses

▪ Precision docking : rely on the driver

▪ e-bus driving : how to maximize the braking

energy recuperation (Similarities with Eco-Driving)

▪ Acceleration and torque specificities

▪ Safety

▪ Reliability

14

Electric bus properties

UITP

TRAINING OF DRIVERS

UITP15

Eco driving

Training

Recording

and

performance

analysis

Real time

Driver

information

Identifying

errors and

possible

improvements

Checking

ResultsDriving

Definition of

optimal

driving

strategies

▪ General maintenance organization▪ Resources coordination and around-the-clock staffing through

rotating on road-call duties

▪ Assure the availability of the fleet

▪ Specific safety measures regarding maintenance of electric

vehicles (manipulating high tension power)▪ Procedures for 24 V and 450 – 600 V power handling▪ Dealing with specific electrical subcomponents (manipulation)

▪ Implementation of a computer-aided maintenance

management tool, coordination with operations to following

system failures

MAINTENANCE

16 UITP

TRAINING FOR MAINTENANCE

▪ Training in working on electric components

▪ Procedures for 24 V and 450 – 600 V power handling,

inclusive safety measures/driving off

▪ Responsibility for the installation, training

▪ Fire prevention and fire fighting instructions

▪ Dealing with specific electrical subcomponents

manipulation)

▪ Preparation for legal Technical control (demands on

electric components)

17 UITP

AT THE DEPOT

18 UITP

▪ (Re-)organizing workplaces for maintenance

expanding, enlarging (length, number)

▪ Platform for maintenance roof mounted equipment,

Safety Lines

▪ Preparation of vehicle inspections

AT THE DEPOT

19 UITP

▪ Specific workplaces for working on batteries

Scaffolds to replace batteries

▪ Dedicated diagnostic and calibration equipment

and specific tooling for electric components

▪ Application of Failure Management Effects Analyses

▪ Specific safety measures regarding maintenance of

electric vehicles

high voltage

▪ Test different scenarios with the Fire

Department and the Police Department

▪ Analyze the results of the tests, measure the

reactivity of the participants

▪ Clarifying gaps with applicable codes

and standards, and related activities

▪ Improving dialogue among affected

professional constituent groups

PERFORM SECURITY AND SAFETY TESTS

20 UITP

▪ Preparation of the communication

campaign and the Inaugural Day

▪ Emissions

▪ Noise

▪ Vibrations

▪ Branding of city

▪ TCO

▪ Urban development

▪ In Copenhagen, the E-buses has been

the most liked post on the city’s

Facebook profile

▪ Start of operation

MARKETING AND COMMUNICATION

21 UITP

UITP

E-BUSES RESEARCH

PROJECTS

ZEEUS, ELIPTIC, EBSF_2, ASSURED : European funded

projects

2

ZEEUS: TO SUPPORT ELECTRIC BUS DEPLOYMENT

UITP23

10 demo cities~70 electric buses90 observed cities

800 eBuses

40 Consortium Partners20 User Group Members50 Observatory Members

Coordinator: UITP

A set of tools and guidelines to accompany bus stakeholders in

ebus deployment

1 evaluation methodology

€22,5 millionEU funding:

€13,5 million

24

Demo Cities

LONDON3 plug-in hybrid

(induction)Double deck

Alexander Dennis

STOCKHOLM8 plug-in hybrid

VOLVO 12m

PARIS10+ full electricBOLLORE 12m

BARCELONA2 full electricIRIZAR 12 m2 full electricSolaris 18m

CAGLIARI12 m Battery Trolleys

4 VOSSLOH /VAN HOOL

2 SOLARIS

EINDHOVEN43 full electric

VDL 18m

WARSAW10 full electricSOLARIS 12m

PLZEN2 full electricSKODA 12m

MÜNSTER5 full electric

VDL 12m

BONN6 full electric

BOZANKAYA 12m

2 full electricSolaris 18m

25

•Procurement process principles

•Indicators for procurement evaluation

•Relationship with energy providers

WHAT – Select & Procure

•Standardised / interoperable solutions

•Funding & Financing

•Urban policies

WHEN – Plan & Regulate

•Develop clean-buses deployment strategy

•Exchange of experiences

•Market monitor & understanding

IF – Know & Decide

•Training (new competencies, new processes)

•Operations (including charging operations)

•Maintenance (new garage settings)

•Decommissioning (battery after-life)

HOW – Operate & Maintain

4 steps to get ready…

ZeEUS eBus Performances

26

Example: Bonn visionall diesel buses replaced by e-buses by 2030

• Market exploration• Feasibility study• Fields tests • Technical specifications• Charging concept• Operational concept

Gradual conversion of all conventional diesel buses to full electric propulsion by 2030

27

www.zeeus.eu

• Updated overview of electric buses in

Europe

• BEV, PHEV and battery trolleybuses

• 90 cities, over 800 vehicles and over 20

million km in pure electric mode

• 32 manufacturers

• 8 electric system suppliers

Available on:

29

Chapter 1:

global perspective, eBus development

per region

Chapter 2: Cities Chapter 3: Manufacturers

Chapter 4: Electric System Suppliers

Electrification of public transport

Electric PT as a

Strategies and business models to boost the introduction

of electric public transport

Example: Opportunity (re)charging & overnight charging of e-buses based on metro infrastructure

Barcelona

32

42 partners

6 Research topics

>30 TIs

11 PTO & PTA

7 BM ≈ 70% market

12 EU

networks

> 150 buses

Advanced solutions for improvedefficiency and attractiveness of bus systems

Indoor bus stop in Gothenburg, Sweden

33

How to improve passenger satisfaction?

UITP34

• Development of next generation modular high-power charging solutions (up to 600kW)

• Interoperable and scalable high power charging solutions

• Innovative charging management strategies to improve TCO

• Development and demonstration of efficient wireless charging solutions up to 100kW

• Evaluation of the cost, energy efficiency, impact of grid

UITP35

Use cases (6 HD urban buses)

Jaworzno, PL

Helmond, NL

Castellón, ES

• High charging power ->

reduced charging time at

terminals, enhanced fleet

operation

• Interoperability between

vehicles and charging systems

of different brands ->

deployment of e-fleets in

different steps and through

regular tenders

• Smart charging at the depot ->

efficient charging of large (+100

vehicles) fleets

Turin/Lyon, IT/FR

Gothenborg, SE

Bayonne, FR

UITP

UITP OTHER ACTIVITIES

ON E-BUSES

Training, Events, Statistics, Standardisation…

3

UITP E-SORT:

Standardised On Road Test Cycles for electric buses

measure the traction energy consumption to obtain information on the zero emissions range of a bus

cost effective

new addendum to the initial UITP SORT brochure

Contribution from ZeEUS with real electric bus tests

37 UITP

UITP38

TRAININGS 2018

THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION !!!

UITP39