The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The...

30
The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment ------- Nabil .F. Kandil Somaya A. Hassanien Soil, Water & Environ. Res. Inst., ARC, Cairo, Egypt. [email protected] The challenge of creating and maintaing a sustainable environment is probably the single most pressing issue that will confront students throughout their live. Today, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE is an interdisciplinary filed because it uses and combines information from many disciplines: Biology, Physics, Economics, Sociology, Natural resources management (Such as soil, water, air, plant and biodiversity), law and politics. Since several scientists in Egypt and the Arab countries are interested in controlling and managing the agricultural environment means as well as for researching, education, training purposes, a translation of scientific terms into Arabic equivalent will be of very vital importance to apply a uniform nomenclature which is well defined, easily readable, better understandable and attractive in presentation. The objective of this essay is to perform a complete Arabic translation of the suggested glossary concerning to Agricultural Environment. It includes more than (750) scientific terms of all agricultural environments were translated to Arabic equivalents. Key words: Environment, Terminology, Arabic translation, Agriculture, Soil, Plant, Water, Pollution.

Transcript of The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The...

Page 1: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

The Arabic Equivalent Terms

for Agricultural Environment -------

Nabil .F. Kandil Somaya A. Hassanien

Soil, Water & Environ. Res. Inst., ARC, Cairo, Egypt.

[email protected]

The challenge of creating and maintaing a sustainable environment

is probably the single most pressing issue that will confront students

throughout their live. Today, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE is an

interdisciplinary filed because it uses and combines information from

many disciplines: Biology, Physics, Economics, Sociology, Natural

resources management (Such as soil, water, air, plant and biodiversity),

law and politics.

Since several scientists in Egypt and the Arab countries are

interested in controlling and managing the agricultural environment

means as well as for researching, education, training purposes, a

translation of scientific terms into Arabic equivalent will be of very vital

importance to apply a uniform nomenclature which is well defined, easily

readable, better understandable and attractive in presentation. The

objective of this essay is to perform a complete Arabic translation of the

suggested glossary concerning to Agricultural Environment. It includes

more than (750) scientific terms of all agricultural environments were

translated to Arabic equivalents.

Key words: Environment, Terminology, Arabic translation, Agriculture, Soil,

Plant, Water, Pollution.

Page 2: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have

acknowledged the importance of environmental issues and the

contributions of SWERI in this particular field over the last decade.

Therefore a decision was made in May, 1994 to establish an independent

department

“ Environment Department”. The department supports research on and

extends activities to various aspects of Environment in Agriculture.

One of the most important and most frequently used terms in

environmental science is environmental sustainability, which is the

ability of the environment to function indefinitely without going into a

decline from the stresses imposed by human society on natural systems

that maintain life. Many experts is not operating sustainability (Raven et

al, 1998), because of the following problems:

1- We are using non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels as if they

were present in unlimited supplies.

2- We are using renewable resources such as fresh water faster than

they can be replenished naturally.

3- We are polluting the environment with municipal waste pollution,

industrial wastes and pesticides, (UNEP / FAO, 1991b) and

(Dougherty and Hall , 1995).

Agriculture practices produce several types of pollutants that

contribute to non point source of pollution such as chemical pesticides,

fertilizer runoff, Cattle Dung & Dairy waste, crop residues and soil

erosion, (Papadopoulos , 1995).

A glossary of terms in agricultural environment was one of the

duties of American Public Health Association (1981). An early draft was

review by Soil Science society of America (1975) and considered the

Page 3: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

first contribution to soil science terms. Other international contributions

were given by UNEP (1991/92) which define the Environmental data.

A recently guideline glossary was done by Bernard and Richard (1998)

for updating of environment information. Zahran, (1989) completed an

overview of the principles of plant ecology. All these contributions were

considerable an essential help to reach the final form of the valuable

terminology for agricultural environment.

New edition of Michael Allaby dictionary (1994) is an invaluable

reference for all who which to engage in formal studies of the

environment and to supporters of environmental causes.

The definitions have been essentially used English - Arabic

Dictionary (Baalbaki, 1997) and Scientific & Technical Terms

(Al-khatib, 1987).

Page 4: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

Alphabetical list of ا%-, +*()ت ا%$#"! � terms

A A biotic ���� ��� ��

absorbed dose ���� ا ���� ا

accidental residue ������ ا �����ت ا

acidic rains أ���ر�����

activated sludge ����� ا !� ة ا

activated sludge plants ����� !� ة ا�� �� �"� اactivated sludge tanks ����� أ�$اض ا !� ة اActivation %���&

active metabolism ص�((((((( إ*�)))))))��(����)))))))� ا��)-� )ا*

acute poisoning د�! ا �1�0 ا

Adaptation 2�3� ا

adaptation of hydrophytes ��4�� ���&�ت ا & 0�5 ا

Adsorption ص� إد�

advanced waste water treatment ��6��� �� �"�7���� ا "�د��

aerated lagoon �*$8� ��ك ا

Aeration �*$8� اaerial spraying ى$� ا �ش اaerobic respiration <��� ا 8$ا4(اAerosol ى$� ا ��1ج اAggregation >��� ا

agricultural chemical �*�3��و ت ا @را���ا

Agro climatology را���@ اBر�Aد ا

agro ecosystem planning م�D� ا @را�( ا ���(&���% اagro forestry را��@ ��G أ��Fر ا ���Eت اagro forestry system ����� أ��Fر ���ت ا !��*� اAgro toxicants را���@ ������ت ا 1�$م ا

air gas pollution 8))$اء ا �))$ى �� ��$I))�ت &�))$ث ا ا �Eز*�

air pollution ث$�� ا 8$ا4(اair temperature $� در�L ��ارة ا

Page 5: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

air toxic ���1 ا ��$�Iت ا 8$ا��4 اAlgae M �!� اalkalinity �*$�� ا

alluvium �*�8� ا �����Nت اalternative farming را��@ ا �6*�� اambient standard � ����Nا �Dوف اamensalism and antibiosis د��� ��د*� وا� ا !�$ياamides 6ات��Bا

ammonification 6ر�� 7اanaerobic -4ه$اR ا ��S3 ا

anaerobic biological treatment �� �"� $��L ا$�� ا Rه$ا��4 اanaerobic digespiration وف�(((((((((D 8�))))))))T((((((((!& 0 ا ا

ا Rه$ا��4anaerobic respiration وف�(((((((((D ��> &!))))))))T ا((((((((� ا

ا Rه$ا��4animal biotic ��U$ا�� ��� ���آ animal ecology ��Uا$�! ��0 ا ���� ا

annual ي$�N anthropogenesis م�D� ��ى ا ���(ا� ا

applied plant ecology ������� ���&�� ا ��0 ا ���� ا

aquaculture & aquatic media ��4�� ا ���� اaquatic biomens ��4�� ا �$اGW ا ����� اaquatic plants ��4�� ���&�ت ا اaquatic weeds ��4�� ��X4 ا! اarid climate ف�� ��خ ا� ا

arid land �Z�� ��W] ا� اaril فRE �"[ ا �\ور ا ��رL(ا aromatic G*@�� ����ت ا� artesian aquifer ان@� ا �$Z(اartificial environment ����� ا ���� ا

atmosphere ى$� ا REف ا

atmospheric factors �*$� ا "$ا�_ ا

atomic spectrum ع�"Faرى ا\ اautecology’s 0������ ا ��د*� ا

Page 6: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

automatic control 03!� ا \ا&(ا

autotrophic ت��4�3 ���� ا !��ا� ا

availability of elements �RA�A��" �� ا B

bacterial pollution �*��3� ت�I$�� bacterial flora ��&��� ا �3��*� ا

balance in the natural ecosystem ازن$� ا ���"( ا ���(ا

barriers @Lا$! ا

behavioral resistance �1$آ�� ا ���و�� ا

beneficial use 0�D"&د���NB7ا benefit - cost analysis 6وى� درا�N اbenefit analysis دى��5B64 ا�" ا

bioaccumulational 0اآ�� $L(ا$�� ا

biodegradable S3�� ا !�$يا

biodegradation _�!� $L(ا$�� اbiodiversity ع$�� ا !�$يا

biogas ز�E ا !�$يا

biogas manure ج ا����ز��أ�� ة ����� ���� �� و� ة إ

��يا��

biological control �*$�! ا �Z�3!� ا

biological fertilization 6��1� ا !�$يا

biological geography ��L$ $�� ا ��Eا��Z ا

biological oxygen demand (BOD) G��1آBيا$�! ا \اM4 اbiological treatment �� �"� $��L ا$�� اbiological wealth ���� ا$�� $��Lاbiomagnifications 0��� $L(ا$�� ا

biomass ��! ا 3��� ا

biomes ����� ا �$اGW اbiosolid wastes ت����� ���ا $��L ا$�� اbiosphere %�!� ا !�$يا

biotic ���� ���

biotic community -4���Bا >���� اbiotic factors _ا�$" ا��4���aا

Page 7: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

biotreatment of wastewater ت�(((����� �(((�L$ $�� �)))� ا�"� ا��4�1 ا

blending of irrigation water 7��� %�bي� اblock glide قd@U( ا��آ border irrigation اض ري$�B�� brackish water د���" ا ���7 اbreaking �13� ا

bronchial diseases اض��B6ر*�ا اbuffer 0D�� _��� buffering capacity ����D�� ا �6رة اC capillary pores �*�"� ا ��ا�ت ا

capillary water ء�� �"�يا اcarbamates �����3ت ا

carbon dioxide ��3$ن U�I- أآ6�1 اcarbon monoxide ��3$ن أول أآ6�1 اcarbonation G��3� ا

carcinogenic W�1��G carnivorous plants ت�Uا$�! ���&�ت fآ�� ا ا

carrying capacity _�! N"� اcatalyst 6��1� _��� catchment area >���& ض$� cation exchange capacity (CEC) ��U$�&�3 ا 1"� ا ���د �� ا

cattle dung ��F�� روث ا

caucative agent M�1� _���

cement dust T��NBر ا�� center pivot irrigation ي� �ش ا �!$ري ا�� chain reaction _���& ��1�N check dam 03!�� 6N)Z 7��� اchelation 6���� ����( -اchemical barrier ��4���آ� @Lا$� chemical coagulation M�N�� ا �3��وياchemical coagulation plants M�N�� �� �� �"� ا �3��وياchemical control �*�3��و ا �Z�3!� ا

Page 8: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

chemical energy ��4����5 آ��W chemical extraction صR��Nd�3���4( ا اchemical hydration h��� ا �3���4( اchemical injury ر�� ا �3��ويا

chemical oxygen demand (COD) G��1آB�3��ويا ا ���i اchemical pesticides 6ات ا��� �3�����4ا chemical pollution ث$�� ا �3��4(اchemical technology ��4���ت آ�����& chlorination 7�3$ر ����� اchlorisis ار��Adا chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) روآ��$ن$�Zآ��ت آ�$رو�� chlorophyll �Zآ�$رو_ chronic effect ���@� ا � ��Iات ا

civic amenity wastes 6ن� ��U*�ت اclay pan ���6�� ����W ���W clean energy ���DU �5�W

clear cutting 0 �"� وk$ح اclimate خ��� اclimatic factors خ��� �$ا�_ ا

coagulation >���& ����� coastal development ����� ���� ا� ��W] ا�

coastal salt marshes ا ��!�� ��"�ت ا�1� �����1ا

coli form bacteria ن$ $� �3��*� ا

collaboration ون�"� اcollection >���� ا

command and behavior %�� ��% وا ا

commercial wastes ت�*��� ا ���ر*�اcommunalism X*�"� اcommunity >���� اcommunity ecology ���� >���� اcompaction ��6جUا competition <Z��� ا

compost 1��د �$يا" ���( ا اcompound land utilization type 6ام��Nرض اl ��"6د

Page 9: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

coniferous forests ��5�((((((1�� ���))))))� ا ��E))))))�ت ا� اBوراق

conservation �U��A

conservation biology �*$�� �U��A conservation farming 0((((DU�((((را�@ ))))$ن ا �))))( ا&

���� اconservation of natural resources ��"��� �U��A ا �$ارد اconservation planning ���� &���% �U��A اconservation requirements ت�L���ا� ���� �U��A اconservation tillage �*$�� ��6b conservation tillage �((((�6� ))))$ن ا �))))(����))))�ت ا&

7��� ا ���� واconsumers 4�3�8آ��ت ��� �1��

controlled grazing 0�D�&)�� اcontrolled wastes �8�Z 03!�� ���*�ت ا ا

cosmic rays ت���"Faا ��U$3 ا

critical concentration ج�! ا ��آ�@ اcritical concentration level ج�! �1�$ى ا ��آ�@ ا

critical period �L�! ا ���ة ا

critical value ج�! ا !6 اcrop growth stages ل$!� ��ا�_ U�$ ا crop residues _�A�!� �����ت ا

crop rotation را���@ ا 6ورة اcrop water requirements ت�L����dا _�A�!�� ��4�� ا

cropping pattern Mآ��� (ا$!� اcross pollination ل���Uح ا��� ��$ب اcrude oil ا T*@ ��ما cumulative halophytes حR�l �U@�� ���&�ت ا ا

D dairy waste GL6وا �����ت ا

decibel (dB) ء�((((((((k$� و�))))))))6ة �5))))))))�س ا )د*��1_(

decomposers ���!� 4�3��ت ا ���56 ا ا

decomposition _�!� ا �3���4(ا

Page 10: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

deep ploughing [��� ث�� deformation �*$�� ا

degradation &6ه$ر dehydration ف��� ا

deionized water ���� ء�� deleterious ر�k�! �� denitrification ����اع�@�Uا G��1وآBا

depletion of natural resources اف@��Nا �"��� ا �$ارد اdeposition M�N�� ا

desalinization & desalination حR�B�1_ ا desertification � !�ا

disinfection ��8�� ����� ا

disintegration ���� ����� &���T ا

detergents ت��D�� ا

dew 6ى� اdewatering by pressure filter ت�!((((F��� M((((Nوا� &���))))2 ا

%E� اdewatering by vacuum filter ت�!((((F��� M((((Nوا� &���))))2 ا

o*��� اdewatering on sand beds M((Nوا� ��))- ��W))�ت &���))2 ا

_�� اdifferential �"1 ��D���ا� ا ������k اdifficult wastes ت�*��� "��ا ا

diffusion ر���Udا

dike 7���� @L6ق أو �$ا�b dilution 2���&

discharge point 2*�� Z�!� اdischarges ت�Z�&

disease - causing agent -k�� M�1� disinfection 0��"& dispersion T���� ا ����5 -ا

disposal solid waste ��� ا ���G� i ا �����ت اdissociation S3�&

dissolution ذا��aا

Page 11: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

dissolved inorganic �*$�" ا �$اد ا \ا��4 �� ا

domestic solid waste �� @�� ��� ا ���*�ت ا ا

domesticated plants �1U �1� ���&�ت ا ا

dormancy G4�3� ا !(Z��ة ا 3�$ن

dose equivalent qZ�3� ���� ا

double cropping _��!� ا @را�(اdrainage basin ف� �$ض اdrainage water ف� ا @را�(���7 اdrip irrigation & trickle irrigation ي� ���% ا� �� drought evading plants ف��� ���&�ت ������ ا ا

duripan ء��A ���W dwarfing م@�� ا

E

ecesis GW$� ا

ecologic dominance ��1دة ا ����� اecological factor _��" ا ���(اecological imbalances ان�6م@&dا )��� اecological indicators ���� ��Fhات ا

ecological regards رات����dا ����� اecological risk ��� ا ���(اecological spectrum 2�� (ا ���اecological succession >���� ا ���(اecologist 0 ������ اecology ���� ��0 ا

ecology branches 0�� وع�Z���� اeconomic conservation �U�� �د*� ا�5Bا economic development �*د��5Bا ����� اeconomic evaluation دى��5B0 ا���� اeconomic threshold �*6! �د*� ا�5Bا ecosystem م�D� ا ���(ا

ecotype %�� ا ���(ا

edaphic factors ت��((((A�((((��� ��))))- ا �))))�Ihة ا���� ا

Page 12: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

effluent >Z� �Wد �!��ت اeffluent standard r&ا$((((((� �!�))))))�ت ا ���N))))))��ا

�� �"� اeisenia foetida رضBد*6ان ا electrical conductivity (EC) _�A$� ا ��83(ا

electro dialysis لR!Ud��83( ا اelimination ت�I$�� إزا � اemergent vegetation راع@ ا �E�$رة اenrichment ratio 6�� ���A ا E\ا��1U)Z ��4 ا" اentrophication اء�Iaا4( ا\E ا

environment ���� ا

environmental impact ��I � ا ���(ا

environmental contamination (pollution) ث$�� ا ���(ا

environmental education ����� ا ����� ا

environmental forecasting h��� ا ���(اenvironmental impact assessment (EIA) �IB0 ا���&)��� ا

environmental impact statement (EIS) �IB0 ا���& r4��U �*��&)��� ا

environmental legislation ����� ��*"�ت ا� ا �$اG�U وا

environmental management ����� اBدراة ا

environmental monitoring 6A� ا ���(ا

environmental movement ك�!� ا ���(اenvironmental planning ا ���(����% ا

environmental pollution agency (EPA) ���� �D�� ���*� ا�

environmental protection ث$�� ���*� ا ���� �G ا

environmental quality ���$� ا ����� ا

environmental resistance ����� ا ���و�� اenvironmental sustainability 6ا���1� ا ���� اerodibilty �*�"�� ������ اerosion �*�"� ا �sآ_ �G ا

Escherichia coil ��* �Fى �أd$آ

estuaries ت��� اEuropean environmental bureau (EEB) @(((((((((آ�� R&!)))))))))�د ا ���)))))))))(ا

اBورو�(eutrophication -4ا\E ��< ا� �tه�ة ا

Page 13: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

evapo - transpiration (ET) ��� U�u -ا

evaporation ���� ا

evolution ر$�� ��0 اevolution of vegetation ى��� &�$ر ا �13ء ا

excavation ���� إزا � اexchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) د*$م$((((((� �((((((*$�� �1))))))�� ا ا

ا ����دل

excretion اج�bBا exposure �*$� &"�ض �"$ا�_ اextinction اض��UBا F facilitated diffusion �1�� ��ر ا�Uaا facultative ponding �*ر���bات أ��!� fallow land ر$� -kأرا fecal coli form �*از�� $ن ا$� �3��*� اfermentation ���� ا

field capacity ����! ا 1"� ا

filtration u�F�� ����� ا

Final settling tanks ��4�8� أ�$اض ا ��M�N اfirst-generation pesticides ولBا _�� ���6ات اfixation T��v� اflood plain ن����� �k�"� ��W] ا� اfluctuation of temperature ارة�! &����ت در�L اfog رة$�F ب أو��k

food & drug pollution -46وا ا ��$ث ا E\ا4- واfood and drug agency (FDA) و �*\Bا ��D����5��" اfood chain ��4ا\E ا ��1�1 ا

food poisoning -4ا\E ا �1�0 اforest ecosystem ���E� -��� ��Dم ا ا

freshwater ecology �*�8� ا ���� اfume ��8ب 1��ج -ا ا

fumes أ���ة

fungicides �*��Z 6ات���

furrow irrigation ط$�� رى ��

Page 14: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

G garbage (refuse) ا�����

garden waste [46ا! �����ت ا

genetic bank ��Iرا$ ��ت ا�� �S ا� genetic control ��Iرا$ ��ت ا�� ا �!Z 03- اgenetic engineering ��Iرا$ ��ت ا�� ه��N6 اgenetic pollution -Iرا$ ا ��$ث ا

germplasm ��Iرا$ اAB$ل اglycophytes ��$��� �N�1� ت�&��U

grass lands ����" ��W] ا� ا

gravel bed hydroponics (GBH) زرا������ ����� ������&�����م ا$������اض ا�"�!

'�����ا�(/������ت ا��-,,���� +���* �()����� ا��

ا���0�1

grazing -�� ا

grazing management -ا��� إدارة اgreen manure ��bى أ$� N��د �green revolution اء��� ا v$ر7 اgreenhouse ر@ ا�� ا �!���ا

greenhouse effect ��$ & ��I اgret removal tanks �((((�E ��))))@ ا ��))))�ل وا �))))$اد ا

��*$� grit chambers _�� أ�$اض ��@ ا

ground respiration -kرBا <��� اground spraying -kرBش ا� ا

ground water -kرBء ا�� اH habitats G4�((((((((3� -(((((((("��� ا �)))))))) وى ا

)� )$GWاhabits and behavior ك$�Nدات و�� half life time ��" 2 اU ة��Z

halophytes ��!�� ���&�ت ا ا

hard detergents �1ة" ����� ا ���Dت ا� ا

hard pan ء�� ا ���� اhard pans ء��A ���W

Page 15: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

hard water �1� ء�� hazard ��b hazard assessment ��� &���0 اhazardous agriculture wastes 7��� ���*�ت ا @را��� ا اhazardous wastes 7��� ���*�ت ا ا

heavy metals ����v ���A ا" ا

heavy metals pollution ����v ا ��$ث �� �"�دن اhedgerow �*��! أN$ار اherbicides X4��! ���6ات ا

hereditary effects of radiation را$ FR"�عا � ��I ا -I

homeostasis -��� اB&@ان ا

horizons ���� �Zfق ا

house hold wastes �� @�� ���*�ت ا ا

human activities �*��� ��� اUBا human ecology �*��� ا ���� ا

human health �1نUdا �!A

humidity �*$� ا �W$�� ا

humus د��ل

hunting 6�A hydration h��� ا

hydraulic conductivity ����� -3� ا �$�A_ ا 6�8روhydrogen ion activity (PH) G�L6رو*Bن ا$*f ط��U

hydrolysis -4�� ا �!�_ ا

hydrophytes ��4�� ���&�ت ا ا

I impaction دم�� اincineration ق�! �� ����� ا ���G� i ا

incinerators ����� �!�رق ا

indoor pollution -�b6ا ا ��$ث اindustrial ecosystem ����� ا ���� اindustrial smog >U�� �F$رة د�bن اindustrial solid waste ����� ��� ا ���*�ت ا ا

industrial wastes ����� ا �����ت اindustrial wastes >U�� ��U*�ت ا

Page 16: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

industrial water -��� �ف ا ���7 ا

industrialized agriculture -را�@ ��< ا� اindustry and urban area �*��! ����� و ا ��W] ا� ا

infection 6وى�

infectious disease �*6"� ا��Bاض اinfiltration ب��� ا

infrared radiation اء��! اT!& �"FB ا

infrastructure ��N�NBا ���� اinland salt marshes ���b6ا ��"�ت ا ��!�� ا�1� ا

inorganic chemical �*$�� ��E ا �3��و*�ت اinorganic compounds �*$� ا ��آ��ت �� �inorganic fertilizer �*$�� ��E )�"��U6(اNB�6ة اinorganic pollutants �*$�� ��E ا ��$�Iت اinsecticides �*�� ���6ات �insects ecology 0ات����! ���� اinsurance spraying G�xش ا� اintegrated pest management ت�Zy ����3�� ا �Z�3!� اintegrated ponding ����3�� ا �!��ات اintegrated system for utilization of organic

wastes

ا����(&6 ا������1��5 $�����4ل ا��-����21ت

ا�����7

integrated waste management ت������ ����3�� اaدارة اintensity of soil solution -kرBل ا$�!� 5$7 اinterception اض���Bا

ion exchange ���� &��دل ا�U$*xت ��

isolation / containment ل@" ا�B�$اء/ اL

land appraisal=land resource evaluation ��kرBارد ا$� &���0 اland capability -kراBت اd��"�Nإ land degradation -kراB6ه$ر ا& land disposal -kرBا i��� ا

land evaluation -kراB0 ا���& land husbandry -k��6 اراb land improvement -kارا G�1!& land productivity -kراBا ��L��Uا

Page 17: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

land suitability -kراBا ���RA land treatment ���� �� ا�"� lands fills ��kرBا M ��� ا

latrines ]ا���� ا

lava ��Uآ��� 4�N_ ا !�0 اlayers ���� ���Wت ا

leachate _�1E ��ء اleaching fraction (LF) _�1E �"��_ ا

leaching requirement (LR) ����1E ا�B����Lت ا

leaf area index ء��E ���&-�"��_ آ�Z�v ا اlegumes ت�� $�� اlimnology ��\" ��0 ا ���ة اload of pollutants ث$�� ��_ اlock and spill drain 2*�((((()))))�رف !�)))))@ و&�

7��� اM magma ��U5�0 ��آ� maintenance ـــ�U��A management إدراة

marginal cost of pollution ث$��� �*6! �3 �2 ا� اmarine ecology �*�!� ا ���� اmaterial recycling facility اد$� &�81_ &6و*� اmechanization ��3��

mesophytes ���N$ ���&�ت ا ا

metabolism ء��� ����� اmicro climate -�!� ��خ ا� اmicrobial degradation -�3و��� ا��8UBر اmicrobial ecology 4�3��ت ا 0�����56 ���� ا

microbial pollution �3و����� ا ��$�Iت اmicroorganisms ���56 4�3��ت ا !�� ا اmigration ��8ة ا

mineralization �U6"� ����� اmining wastes G*6"� ��&�� �G ا ���*�ت ا ا

ministry of environment ���� وزارة ا

Page 18: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

Mist ب��� ا

mobilization تd$!� ����� اmoisture equivalent -�$W� ا �Z�3-ء اmole drain ف�� ا��Uق molecular biology ��4@� $��L ا$�� اmonitoring ��56 -��اAر monoculture - monocropping 6ل وا�$ زرا�� �!mulch ����� ��ء municipal solid waste -!(((((( ))))))�ف ا ����))))))�ت ا

��� اmunicipal solid waste composting -!( )�ف ا آ�� ����)�ت ا

��� اmunicipal wastes �*6�� ���*�ت ا اmunicipal wastewater -! �ف ا ���7 ا

mutualism ]*��� اN natural balance -"��� ا �$ازن ا

natural balance �"��� ا&@ان اnatural chemical control �3 �����4ا �Z�3!� ا ���"�� اnatural control methods ��"��� �Wق ا �Z�3!� اnatural enemies �*$�� أ�6اء natural environment ��"��W ����

natural laws �"��� 5$اG�U اnatural non-renewable 6دة��� �� ��"��W ارد$� natural pollutant ��"��� ا ��$�Iت اnatural renewable �W 6دة�$ارد��� ��"�

natural vegetation -"��� ���&- ا ا ��Eء ا

natural water resources ��"��� �در ا ���7 ا� nature protection �"��� ���*� اnitrification �&��� ا

noisily pollution ء�k$� ا ��$ث ��non-capillary pores �*�"F �� ت�ا�� ا

non-controlled wastes �8�Z 03!�� ��E ���*�ت ا اnon-conventional crops �*6���& �� _�A�!�

Page 19: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

non-governmental organizations

(NGO’S)

ا ��"��ت اBه���

notifible wastes رة\� ��U*�ت �nuclear radiation وى$� اFB"�ع اnutrients elements �*\E� ���A ا" ا

O occupational exposure ا-�8� �"�ض ا

oceanography ت���!� ����اopen drain ف$��ف �3� organic compounds �*$� ��آ��ت �organic fertilizer ى$�" ا 1��د ا

organic matter �*$�" ا ��دة اorganic pollutants �*$�" ا ��$�Iت اorganic wastes �*$�" ا �����ت اosmotic potential 68 ا� NB�$زىا

overgrazing �4�� ا ��- اoverstocking -�� ز*�دة ����F اoxidation أآ61ة ����� oxidation of wastes ت����� أآ61ة ا

oxidation pond آ61ةBك ا��

ozone layer وزونBا ���W P

palatable -�� ��U&�ت �1�Z ��!- ا

parasite _��� ا

parasitism _��� ا

part per million (ppm) ن$��� L@ء Z- اparticulate [ ا "$ا

pasture renovation -ا��� &!G�1 اpateoecolgy ��*6� ا ���� اpathogens �k��� ا �3��*� اpedology ���� ��0 اperennials ة��"� ���&�ت ا ا

Page 20: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

periodic table of elements �A��"� ا �6ول ا 6ورى permanent hardness 0*6�1� �1� permanent wilting point ل$�\ ���U اpermeability �*ذ��� اpermitted level �� 1�$ح� ا !6 ا

persistence وم��� persistence in soil ���� Z��ة ���ء ا ���Z 6- اpesticide poisoning 6ات��� �� 0�1� ا

pesticide pollution ��� 6اتا ��$ث ��

pesticide residue 6ات��� ������ت ا

pesticides 6ات��� ا

petroleum wastes �� ا �����ت ا ���وphenols تd$��� ا

photo chemical reactions ��4$k$�ت آ�R���&

photo chemical smog ��4���ء آ�$� �F$رة ا �b6ن ا

photosynthesis -4$� ا ���v_ ا

physical geography ��"��� ا ��Eا��Z ا

physical hydration -4�*@�� ا ���h اphysiographic factors ��"��� ا "$ا�_ ا

phytoplankton ��4�� ا ����Zت ا

plant biotic ��&��U ��� ���آ plant community ��&��� ���ة ا" ا

plant ecology ��&��� ��0 ا ���� ا

plant pollution ���ت&�$ث ا

pole area ����� ���� ا� اpollen grains ح��� ��$ب ا

pollutants ت�I$�� polluted runoff -!�1 ا ��$ث �G ا ��*�ن اpollution ث$�� ا

pollution source ث$�� 6ر ا� ponds ك��

porosity ����1� ا

pre - composting ��&��� ����*� ا ��3 �� �5_ اprecipitation ه�$ل

Page 21: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

preliminary treatment �*6�8�� �� ا�"� ا

prevatism (perdition) اس��ZBا prevention ث$�� �< ا� primary air pollutant 8$اء� �� ا ��$�Iت اBوprimary pollutants �� ا ��$�Iت اBو

primary settling tanks -46ا��dا M�N�� اprimary treatment � �� ا�B�6ا��4ا�"

producers ���� آ�4��ت ��� �

productivity ��L��Uإ promoting of recycling ت�*��� &!��@ &6و*� اpublic awareness �*ه����� ا �$��� اpublic health ���" !� ا ا

public participation �*ه����� ��رآ� ا� اpuddling G�"� اpurification ����& putrefaction G�"� ا

R radiation pollution -��"FBث ا$�� اradioactive decay -��"FBا _�!� اradioactive emission -��"FBث ا�"�UBا radioactive substances �"�� ا �$اد ا

radioactive wastes �"�� ا �����ت اrain forests ��4ا$�NBت ا���E ���� ا� rainfall ��� ا

rationalization ارات�� &�6�F ا

reareation �*$8& إ��دة

recharge G*@�& إ��دة reclaimed waste water ��4�1 �� ا �����ت ا�"�

recyclability �*6و�� ������ اrecyclable �*6و�� ��U*�ت ����5

recycling ت����� إ��دة اNB���دة �G ا

recycling of wastes ت����� &6و*� ا

reduction ال@�bBا

relative humidity ���1� ا �W$�� ا

Page 22: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

release اد��Uر أو إ�!&

repellents ردة�� ا �$اد ا

replenishment رضl ���*$"� ا �6ر7 اresettlement G�W$& إ��دة residual chlorine -���� ا �3$ر*G ا

residual effect -���� ا�Ix ا

residual environmental impact -���� ا�IB ا ���- ا

residual sodium carbonate (RSC) د*$م$(((((( 1U))))))�� آ��$U))))))�ت ا������ ا

revegetation ت�&��U إ��دة زرا�� revegetation of the desert �*او�! أN�@راع اBراk- ا

rhizobium �*ر\� �3��*� ا "�6 اrisk assessment ���&�W��� 0 اrisk management �W��� إدارة اrodenticides ارض$� ���6ات اromote sensing 6"� G� ر�"��Naا root interception رى\� ا�a��اض اrubbish ت�*��� اrural development ���*� ���� ا� ا

S safety use G�x6ام ا��NBا

salinity u���� ا

salmonella 3�R�U$� �1 ��*� ا

salt exclusive halophytes حR�l ���&�ت ا ��"6ة ا

salt excretive halophytes حR�l ���&�ت ا ���زة ا

salt marshes ��!�� ��"�ت ا�1� ا

salt water intrusion ء�(((� &)))6اb_ �)))�ء ا �!)))� �)))< ا ا "\ب

sand dunes ����� ا ��v3ن ا

sand filter ت�!F�� ا ����� اsanitary domestic uses ام ا�/:�������9ى ا$>�������9اض (ا$��������-

���1��') ا��("��

sanitary fills -!A اف�Fإ T!& دم� ا

sanitary land fill -! ا GZ6 ا

Page 23: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

sanitary sewage ]ا���� �����ت ا

saprophytes ���� 4�3��ت ا ا

saprophytism ���� ا "�5R اscooping ء$� ا ��ء ا

screen -Z�� ا

scum |�� )4�N_ ا !� ة ا "�04(اsecondary pollutants �*$U�v ا ��$�Iت ا

secondary treatment �*$U�v �� ا�"� ا

sediment pollutants �I$�� MNروا sedimentation MN�� ����� ا

selective breeding ب���UB�� ����� اself purification ا ����� \ا&�� ����7ا

self-pollination -&ا\ ا ����u اseptic tanks G�"� أ�$اض اsettling chamber M�N�� ��Z ا

sewage sludge رى��� �����ت ���7 اsewage water -! �ف ا ���7 ا

shigella R��� �3��*� ا

side effects ���U�� ا�Ixر ا

skiming tanks ((*@ T وا �))$اد أ�))$اض آ�))% ا�*$�� ��E .ا

slag جR�(((((((1 N)))))))��د ��)))))))$ى (ا-���A(

sludge ة �! ا

sludge digestion tanks MNوا� .أ�$اض &!��� اsludge treatment and disposal �8�� i��� �� ا !� ة وا�"�

smog ن�b6 �F$رة ا

smoke ن�bد

socio - economic impacts ��LBدى وا��5Bا ��I � ��-اsocio-economic factors of recycling -(((� )))�د*� واLB�����)))� ا�5Bا�)))_ ا$" ا

&!03 ا �6و*�

sodicity �*د$ ا

sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) i�6� $د*$م ا ��1U ا

soft detergents �1ة� ����� ا ���Dت ا� ا

Page 24: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

soil aeration ���� &8$*� اsoil amendment ��ت ا������ soil analysis ���� &!��_ اsoil attribute ���� N��ت اsoil characteristic ���� ��Aت اsoil classification -kراB0�1 ا�& soil colloids ���� �و*�ت اsoil conditioner ���� �!G1 اsoil consistency ���� &��SN اsoil creep ���� ز�2 اsoil decontamination ���� ا ����I$�� G� iت اsoil desurfacing را���@ &��*2 ا ���� اsoil erosion ـــ���� U!ــ� اsoil evaluation -kراB0 ا���& soil factors ���� �$ا�_ ا

soil formation ���� &G*$3 ا

soil management ���� ادارة اsoil moisture ���� رW$�� ا

soil moisture characteristic curves ��kرBا ��$W� ���ت ا!�� soil moisture constants ���� I$ا�T رW$�� ا

soil organic matter ���� �� �*$�" ا ��دة ا

soil parent materials ���� ��دة أA_ ا

soil pollution ���� &�$ث ا

soil profile ���� ��5ع ا

soil reaction ا _���&����

soil remediation ���� �Rج ���آ_ اsoil salinity ���� ��$�� ا

soil science ���� ��0 ا

soil solution -kرBل ا$�!� اsoil structure ���� ��ء ا�

soil texture ���� 5$ام ا

soil water movement ���� ��آ� ا ��ء Z- ا

solar constant ��1�� ا ��v�� �"6ل ا $�76 ا

solid waste ��� ���*�ت ا ا

Page 25: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

solidification / stabilization M�� اsoot ��1م ا

sound scape ��&$ ا ���� ا

special wastes �A�b ت�*��U species ecology اع$UBا ���� specific ion toxicity ن$*y �$�- ا �1م ا ��I v ا

spray زاز� ا

sprinklers irrigation ش� رى ��stabilization ponds ��"��� ��ك اBآ61ة اstable manure �4�D! �����ت اstable organic ����v �$*� ا" ا �$اد ا

stimulation %���& street sweepings ارع$� آ���N اstrip cropping MW� ا @را�� ��- �sub - soiling ���� ��ث &!T اsubmerged plants رة$�E� ���ت ا ا

subsurface irrigation -!�N T!& رى succulent halophytes �*��" ���&�ت ا ��!�� ا ا

surface irrigation (traditional) -!�N رى suspended dusts [ �" ا ��Eر ا �$ى ا

suspended solids د���" ��� ا ا �$اد ا

sustainable 6ا���1�

sustainable agriculture 6ا���1� ا @را�� اsustainable development 6ا���1� ���� ا� ا

sustainable economic development 6ا���1� �د*� ا�5aا ����� اswamps ت�"���1� اsymbiosis _Z�3� ا

syncology (phytosociology) ������LBا ��&��� ا ���� ا

synecology ��������0 ا ���� اT taxonomy 2��� ��0 اtechniques ت����& temporary hardness T5h� �1� terrestrial ecology �1��� ���� ا

Page 26: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

tertiary treatment ��IRv �� ا�"� ا

textiles ت�L$1�� &6و*� أو أN���Lع اthermal pollution ارى�! ا ��$ث اthermal treatment �! �� ا�"� ار*�اthiocarbamates آ�����ت$�v ا

tile drainage -�E� �ف ا اtopography ��Zا�$�� ا

total dissolved salts (TDS) ��4ا\ اR�Bح ا ���3 ا

toxic and dangerous wastes 7��bو ���N ت�*��U toxic inorganic compounds �(((((((�E ا ��آ�)))))))�ت ا �3����4)))))))� ا

���1 �$*� ا� toxic waste ���1 ا �����ت اtoxicity equivalent factor ���1� ا "��_ ا �Z�3-ء

toxicology 1�$م ��0 اtrace elements ���56 ���A ا" اtraditional farming �*6���� ا @را�� اtranspiration r�� ا

transported soil � $��� ���&

trickle irrigation %���� رى ��trickling filter plants ��� @ ��F!�ت ا�� �� �"� اtrickling filters ��� @ ا ��F!�ت ا

tropical continental lands �*6ار� ��W] ا� ا

tropical maritime regions �����1 ��W] اNB�$ا��4 ا� ا

tropical mon soon lands ا��97?�� ����91ح ��ا��(�BC ا��A�ا@

�� ا�����

tundra 6را�� ���� ا� turbidity �3رة" ا

types of ecosystem ������ �0D ا ����� ا ا

U

unable to be recycled �*6و�� ��U*�ت �� ����5

unconventional fodder �*6���& �� فRأ�

united nations environmental program ����� ��r��U ا0�B ا ��!6ة

Page 27: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

upper catchment ت���E ��W] ا�

urine ل$� اV

vegetation ى��� ا �13ء ا

vertebrate ecology ت�*��� ��0 ���� ا

volatile organic compounds 7ر��W �*$� ��آ��ت �volatilization �*��&

volcanic activity -Uط ��آ���U

W wash u1آ waste �*��U- ت�����

waste management تإدرا����� ة ا

waste reuse ت����� إ��دة إN��6ام ا

waste water reclamation ��4�1 �� ا �����ت ا�"�

waste water use guidelines 6ام ����)))�ت��(((NB �*د�(((Fط إر$(((�b

ا ���7 ا "�د��

water - table -kرBء ا�� �1�$ى ا

water analysis 7��� &!��_ اwater chemical pollutants ��4���3 ��$�Iت ا ���7 اwater conservation 7��� �U��A اwater hardness ء�� ��1 اwater harvesting 7��� �د ا� water heavy metals pollution ����v ���A ا" �� 7��� &�$ث اwater pollutants pesticide 7��� ���6ات &�$ث ا

water pollution 7��� &�$ث اwater quality 7��� U$��� ا

water quality criteria 7��� �"�*�� ���RA ا

waterlogging 6ق watershed management 7��� إدار7 �5�1% اwetlands �56E اBراk- ا

wilting point ل$�@ �"�_ ا

windbreaks 6ات ر*�ح�

winds ح�*� ا

world health organization (WHO) ا ��D����� �" !� ا

Page 28: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

X Xerophytes ��Z��� ���&�ت ا ا

Y yard wastes ��Uا$�! ا �����ت ا

Page 29: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

References

− Al-Khatib, A.Sh. (1987) Scientific & Technical Terms : English -

Arabic with illustration Dictionary, 6th Edition Riad Solh Square,

Beirut, Lebanon.

− American Public Health Association (1981). Glossary water and

wastewater Control Engineering. 3rd Edition. Am. Public Health

Association, Washing, D.C, USA.

− Baalbaki, M.(1997)- El-Mawrid: A Modern English - Arabic

Dictionary, 37th Edition Dar El-ILM LiL - Malayen, Beirut, Lebanon.

− Bernard J.N. and Richard T.W. (1998). Environmental Science - 6th

Edition , Simon & Schuster - Aviacom company, Upper Saddle River,

New Jersey , U.S.A.

− Dougherty , T.C and Hall , A.W. (1995). Environmental Impact

Assessment of Irrigation and Drainage projects, FAO , No.53.

− EPA (1992) Guidelines for water reuse wash. Tech. Report No.81.

− Michael A.(1994). Macmillan Dictionary of the Environment 4th

Edition, The Macmillan press LTD, London and Basingstoke.

− Papadopoulos, I (1995) Management for Agricultural Production and

Environment protection in the near east Reign.

− Raven, P.H; Berg, L.R; and Johnson, G.B. (1998). ENVIRONMENT,

2nd Edition, Saunders College Publishing, U.S.A.

− Soil Science Society of America (1975). Glossary of Soil Science

Terms. Soil Sci. Soc. of Am., Madison, Wisc. USA.

− UNEP (1991/1992) Environmental Data Report. 3rd Edition. Basil

Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

− UNEP/FAO (1991b) Environmental Guidelines for Municipal

Wastewater reuse in the Mediterranean region for Agriculture.

− Zahran , M.A. (1989) Principles of Plant Ecology and Flora of Egypt.

Publishing House for Egyptian Universities. El-Wafaa library Cairo,

Egypt.

Page 30: The Arabic Equivalent Terms for Agricultural Environment§لترجمة العربية... · The ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Center have acknowledged the importance

ا%A#Bـ-� ا%$#"!�

�*-$BC-%ا �ت ا%$*-!()*+,-*%DE �!FراH%ا �I!J%ــــــــــــــــــــ ا D�/E�+ �Fا� D� )G ��)F� �� أ����

� -ا ��@ة –��آ@ ا �!$ث ا @را��� -وا ���7 وا ���� اBراk(�"68 �!$ث �

[email protected]

6((��$ �))(ء ا ))\يإن ا ))�6$ة إ ))- &!��))] ���))� �1))�6ا�� ه))$ ا ��))�ج ا*

08�*�W G�v���� )Z ة��! وا �$م �Zن ��0 ا ���� *1��6م و*�6اb_ �< آG(� ��v . ا

�(("��� $�L))� وا$�� ))�دZ))�وع ا "�))$م اbB))�ى �v))_ ا "�))$م ا�5dع وا�((��Ldوا

.وا ��U$ن

)� وا )Z 6))(و��)| أن ا "G(� 6(*6 ا "��)�ء � �((��� ول ا "���)� *8��)$ن ��

!��*�G(� �(8 ا ��)$ث وا �)6ه$ر وآ)\ S أ)�اض �(8 %�(��� ا @را��� وآ\ S ا

S آ)))�ن \((( M*6ر(((� )))��!�ت ا ���)))� اd&�)))�7ا �"�)))�0 وا� �(((�L�& إ�)))6اد -((( إ

ا @را��� إ - ا �E)� ا "���)� و&$��)6ه� �)�G ا �8��G�( �8)\ا ا ��)�ل �!�)| &3)$ن

�- و��8$�� و���و"� .ءة و��8N ا �6اول�!6دة ا

6((� ))� ��))- U!))$ أآv))� ا((F���Tو��� ))��u ٧٥٠ه))\7 ا�)((��� T((�&ر

3_ ���u ورو�(أ��6*ً� M��� ��ح ا �L�& 6���8 ا �"�*2 وا�.