TABLE OF CONTENTS 189 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS · IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 19(1):71–75...
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IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 19(1):71–75 • MARCH 2012 INTRODUCED SPECIES IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNAL 71 A nolis is a species-rich and morphologically diverse group of Neotropical lizards (reviewed in Losos 2009). Many Caribbean island species have become human commensals and can be found abundantly in gardens, along fence posts, near buildings, and in trash piles. The ability of human-com- mensal species to stow away in horticultural, agricultural, and construction material shipments has led to many inadvertent anthropogenic introductions of Anolis to new geographic loca- tions across the Caribbean and around the world (Williams 1969, Kolbe et al. 2004, Powell et al. 2011). Here, we report two newly established populations of the Cuban anole A. por- catus in the Dominican Republic that considerably expand the range of this introduced species on Hispaniola. Anolis porcatus is a medium-sized (adult males to ~73 mm SVL) trunk-crown ecomorph that is native to Cuba, where it primarily inhabits tree crowns and the upper reaches of tree trunks. As is typical for trunk-crown anoles, A. porca- Two New Introduced Populations of the Cuban Green Anole (Anolis porcatus) in the Dominican Republic Yoel E. Stuart 1* , Miguel A. Landestoy 2 , D. Luke Mahler 1,3 , Daniel Scantlebury 4 , Anthony J. Geneva 4 , Paul S. VanMiddlesworth 1 , and Richard E. Glor 4 1 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ([email protected]) 2 Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales and Sociedad Ornitológica de la Hispaniola, República Dominicana 3 Center for Population Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA 4 Department of Biology, University of Rochester, RC Box 270211, Rochester, NY 14627, USA Fig. 1. Adult male Anolis porcatus captured at the Higüey collection locality on 1 June 2011. Photographs taken on 1 x 1 cm grid paper. Photographs by D. Luke Mahler. A B
Transcript of TABLE OF CONTENTS 189 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS · IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 19(1):71–75...
IRCFREPTILES&HIBIANS•19(1):71–75•MARCH2012
I N T R O D U C E D S P E C I E S
IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • VOL15, NO 4 • DEC 2008 189TABLE OF CONTENTS
T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S
F E A T U R E A R T I C L E S
Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190
The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: A Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................Robert W. Henderson 198
R E S E A R C H A R T I C L E S
The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ....................... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida
.............................................Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212
C O N S E R V A T I O N A L E R T
World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................. 220 More Than Mammals ...................................................................................................................................................................... 223 The “Dow Jones Index” of Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................................... 225
H U S B A N D R Y
Captive Care of the Central Netted Dragon ....................................................................................................... Shannon Plummer 226
P R O F I L E
Kraig Adler: A Lifetime Promoting Herpetology ................................................................................................ Michael L. Treglia 234
C O M M E N T A R Y
The Turtles Have Been Watching Me ........................................................................................................................ Eric Gangloff 238
B O O K R E V I E W
Threatened Amphibians of the World edited by S.N. Stuart, M. Hoffmann, J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, R. Berridge, P. Ramani, and B.E. Young .............................................................................................................. Robert Powell 243
CONSERVATION RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Conservation Research Reports ................................. 245 NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ................................. 247 NEWBRIEFS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 248 EDITORIAL INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................................................... 251 FOCUS ON CONSERVATION: A Project You Can Support ............................................................................................... 252
Front Cover. Shannon Plummer.Totat et velleseque audant mo estibus inveliquo velique rerchil erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos accullabo.
Back Cover. Michael KernTotat et velleseque audant mo
estibus inveliquo velique rerchil erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus
aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum fugiatis maionsequat eumque
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Anolisisaspecies-richandmorphologicallydiversegroupofNeotropicallizards(reviewedinLosos2009).Many
Caribbeanislandspecieshavebecomehumancommensalsandcanbefoundabundantlyingardens,alongfenceposts,nearbuildings,andintrashpiles.Theabilityofhuman-com-mensalspeciestostowawayinhorticultural,agricultural,andconstructionmaterialshipmentshasledtomanyinadvertentanthropogenicintroductionsofAnolis tonewgeographicloca-tionsacrosstheCaribbeanandaroundtheworld(Williams1969,Kolbeetal.2004,Powelletal.2011).Here,wereporttwonewlyestablishedpopulationsoftheCubananoleA. por-catus intheDominicanRepublicthatconsiderablyexpandtherangeofthisintroducedspeciesonHispaniola. Anolis porcatusisamedium-sized(adultmalesto~73mmSVL)trunk-crownecomorphthatisnativetoCuba,whereitprimarilyinhabitstreecrownsandtheupperreachesoftreetrunks.Asistypicalfortrunk-crownanoles,A. porca-
Two New Introduced Populations of the Cuban Green Anole (Anolis porcatus)
in the Dominican RepublicYoelE.Stuart1*,MiguelA.Landestoy2,D.LukeMahler1,3,DanielScantlebury4,AnthonyJ.Geneva4,
PaulS.VanMiddlesworth1,andRichardE.Glor4
1DepartmentofOrganismicandEvolutionaryBiology,MuseumofComparativeZoology,HarvardUniversity,26OxfordStreet,Cambridge,MA02138,USA([email protected])
2MinisteriodeMedioAmbienteyRecursosNaturalesandSociedadOrnitológicadelaHispaniola,RepúblicaDominicana3CenterforPopulationBiology,UniversityofCaliforniaDavis,OneShieldsAvenue,Davis,CA95616,USA
4DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofRochester,RCBox270211,Rochester,NY14627,USA
Fig. 1.AdultmaleAnolis porcatuscapturedattheHigüey collectionlocalityon1June2011.Photographstakenon1x1cmgridpaper.PhotographsbyD.LukeMahler.
A
B
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tushasshortlegs,alongtail,andlargetoepadsrelativetoitsbodysize.Anolis porcatus isprimarilygreendorsally(Fig.1A)thoughitcanchangerapidlytodarkbrown.Ithasapinkgularfan,ordewlap(Fig.1B). Thenative rangeofA. porcatus spansmuchofCuba(SchwartzandHenderson1991),butithasbeenintroducedtoFlorida(Meshaka1997),Aruba(OdumandvanBuurt2009),andtheDominicanRepublic(Williams1977).Kolbeetal.(2007)foundthatA. porcatusinFloridahasbeenintro-ducedfromatleasttwosourcepopulationsinthevicinityofHavana,Cuba,whereasA. porcatus in theDominicanRepublichasasinglesourcepopulationnearHavana. IntroducedpopulationsofA. porcatus intheDominicanRepublichavebeenreportedfromseveral localities inthe
greaterSantoDomingoarea:ThelandscapedurbancentralandsouthernsectionsoftheNationalDistrict,theNationalZootothenorth,andLasAméricasInternationalAirportandBocaChicatotheeast(PowellandParmerlee1991;Powell1992;Giffordetal.2002;PowellandHenderson2008;MAL,pers.obs.).Anolis porcatusappearstohavedisplaceditsnativeecologicalequivalent,A. chlorocyanus,insomehighlyalteredurban settings in the greater SantoDomingo area (AriasCornielle1975,Powelletal.1990,Giffordetal.2002).ThenewpopulationsofA. porcatus reportedhere—nearHigüeyintheeasternprovinceofLaAltagraciaandinBaníintheprovinceofPeravia(Fig.2A)—areprobablytheresultofdis-persalfromSantoDomingo,althoughwehaveyettotestthishypothesiswithgeneticdata. On 31 May 2011, while collecting Anolis distichus approximately11kmsouthofHigüeyonthewestsideofHighway4(Fig.2B;N18.51390,W68.72177),YESandPSVspottedamalegreenanoledisplayingapinkdewlap.BecausethenativeA. chlorocyanushasablue-and-whitedew-lap,weidentifiedthispink-dewlappedindividualasA. porca-tus,althoughwefailedtocatchit.WereturnedtothesamesitethenextdayandopportunisticallycapturedfivemaleA. porcatusinapproximately2.5hthatweredevotedprimar-ilytosamplingA. distichus.TheseA. porcatus averaged76.2±4.9mmand10.1±2.1g.Wedidnotcaptureordefini-tivelyidentifyanyfemales,possiblybecausetheyarenoteas-ilydistinguishedatadistancefromfemaleA. chlorocyanus.WeobservedatleastonemaleA. chlorocyanusatthissite.TheA. porcatus individualswerepreparedasvoucherandtissuespecimensanddepositedintheMuseoNacionaldeHistoriaNatural,SantoDomingo(Mahler1845,1848)andtheMuseumofComparativeZoology,HarvardUniversity(MCZR-189079–189081). WecollectedtheA. porcatusfromseverallargetreesandafenceliningthenorthernedgeofaroadsidehouseandfromarowoflargetreesextendingintoasugarcanefieldwestofthehouse(Fig.3).WecollectedA. distichuswithsimilareffortatsixsitesnorthoftheA. porcatus collectionlocalityandatfivesitestothesouth,spanningabout25kmalongHighway4(Fig.2B–GPScoordinatesforthesesitesavailableuponrequest).Duringthesecollections,wedidnotfindanymoreA. porcatuseventhoughA. chlorocyanuswasrelativelyabun-dant(ca.1–3sightingsperpersonperhour). On29April2010,MALspottedafemaleA. porcatusonthetrunkofaCatalpatree(Catalpa longissima)plantedalong the sidewalkofEncarnaciónEchavarríaCityPark(N18.27939,W70.32693)neartheeasternentrance intoBaníonHighway2 (Fig.4).Onasecondvisiton9January2011,MAL,DS,AJG,andREGobservedthreeindividu-als(2males,1female)duringanapproximately30-minutesearch.Tissue andvoucher specimenswereprepared foroneindividualofeachsex(GLOR7805male,GLOR7806
68.6°W68.9°W 68.8°W 68.7°W
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.4°N
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.6°N
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.5°N
HigüeyCollection localityOther sites worked
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72°W 69°W70°W71°W
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BaníSanto Domingo
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Dominican Republic
Atlantic Ocean
Caribbean Sea
Santo Domingo
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5.5km
Fig. 2.MapoftheDominicanRepublicshowingcitieswithknownintroducedpopulationsofAnolis porcatus.Therectangleindicatestheregionenlargedinthesecondpanel,whichshowslocalitiesnearHigüeywherewesampledAnolis.WeobservedandcollectedA. porcatusatasinglelocality,whichismarkedbytheblackrectangle.
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female).On16August2011,MALconductedatwo-hoursearchandfoundfiveA. porcatus (3females,2juveniles) aswellasfourmaleA. chlorocyanus.Afinal1.5-hoursearchbyMALon27August2011revealed14juvenileA. porcatus pri-marilyinathicketofornamentalvegetationthatmightserveasarefugeforjuveniles.
Anolis porcatus hasnotbeenobservedoutsideofthisparkdespitesearcheffortsbyMALthroughouttheyearandanadditionaleffortfromAJGandREGinJuly2011.Anolis chlorocyanus remainsmoderatelycommonthroughoutBaní.Curiously,wehavenotseenanyA. cybotesatthispark,eventhoughthisspeciesisknownfromelsewhereinBaní.Astockyandaggressivespecies,A. cybotespreysonjuvenileanoles.ThelackofA. cybotesattheparkmightbeatleastpartiallyrespon-sibleforA. porcatus successfullyestablishingabreedingpopu-lation.OtherpotentialpredatorsincludethelizardsAmeiva chrysolaema andLeiocephalus personatus, severalofwhichwehaveseenatthepark.Thesespeciesforageterrestriallyinopenareas,whereasA. porcatus isnearlyexclusivelyarboreal.Oursurveyeffortshavenotrevealedanysnakesinthepark,anobservationcorroboratedbylandscapersandparkpersonnel. ThediscoveryofA. porcatus inHigüeyandBanírepre-sentsthefirstHispaniolanpopulationsofthisspeciesthatareclearlygeographicallydisjunctfromgreaterSantoDomingoandBocaChica.Oursurveyssuggestthateachoftheseintro-ducedpopulationsisrestrictedtoasingle,anole-favorablehabitatenclavesurroundedbyrelativelyunsuitableenviron-ments.Thesecollectionlocalities,however,abutbusyroads,makinganthropogenically-aideddispersalonlyamatteroftime.Werecommendthatscientistsandwildlifemanagementofficialsmakeaconcertedefforttoeradicatethesepopulationsbeforetheyspread.
AcknowledgmentsWe thank JorgeBrocca and theSociedadOrnithológicadelaHispaniolaforsponsoringourresearchprogramandproviding logistical assistance. We thank the Ministeriode Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales for authoriz-ing research and permits. This work was funded by theMuseumofComparativeZoologyatHarvardUniversity(PutnamExpeditionGranttoYES)andtheNationalScienceFoundation(NSF-DEB0920892toREG).
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Fig. 3.TheHigüey collectionlocality:(A)Roadsidehouseandyard,(B)northernfencelineofthehouse,and(C)thelineoftreestothewestofthehouse.PhotographsbyYoelE.Stuart.
A
B
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Powell,R.andR.W.Henderson.2008.UrbanherpetologyintheWestIndies,pp.389–404.In:J.C.Mitchell,R.E.,JungBrown,andB.Bartholomew(eds.),Urban Herpetology.HerpetologicalConservation,Volume3.SocietyfortheStudyofAmphibiansandReptiles,SaltLakeCity,Utah.
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Fig. 4. TheBanícollectionlocality:(A)EncarnaciónEchavarríaCityPark,(B)anexampleofdensefoliagethatmayserveasajuvenile“nursery,”and(C)ajuvenileA. porcatus stalkingaSkipper(Hesperidae)butterfly.Thislizardwaschasedawaybyalargerjuvenile.Neitherlizardcaughtthebutterfly(MAL).PhotographsbyR.E.Glor(A&B)andMiguelA.Landestoy(C).
A B
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