Download - TABLE OF CONTENTS 189 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS · IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 19(1):71–75 • MARCH 2012 I N T R O D U C E D S P E C I E S TABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES &

IRCFREPTILES&AMPHIBIANS•19(1):71–75•MARCH2012

I N T R O D U C E D S P E C I E S

IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • VOL15, NO 4 • DEC 2008 189TABLE OF CONTENTS

T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S

F E A T U R E A R T I C L E S

Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190

The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: A Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................Robert W. Henderson 198

R E S E A R C H A R T I C L E S

The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ....................... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida

.............................................Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212

C O N S E R V A T I O N A L E R T

World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................. 220 More Than Mammals ...................................................................................................................................................................... 223 The “Dow Jones Index” of Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................................... 225

H U S B A N D R Y

Captive Care of the Central Netted Dragon ....................................................................................................... Shannon Plummer 226

P R O F I L E

Kraig Adler: A Lifetime Promoting Herpetology ................................................................................................ Michael L. Treglia 234

C O M M E N T A R Y

The Turtles Have Been Watching Me ........................................................................................................................ Eric Gangloff 238

B O O K R E V I E W

Threatened Amphibians of the World edited by S.N. Stuart, M. Hoffmann, J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, R. Berridge, P. Ramani, and B.E. Young .............................................................................................................. Robert Powell 243

CONSERVATION RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Conservation Research Reports ................................. 245 NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ................................. 247 NEWBRIEFS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 248 EDITORIAL INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................................................... 251 FOCUS ON CONSERVATION: A Project You Can Support ............................................................................................... 252

Front Cover. Shannon Plummer.Totat et velleseque audant mo estibus inveliquo velique rerchil erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos accullabo.

Back Cover. Michael KernTotat et velleseque audant mo

estibus inveliquo velique rerchil erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus

aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum fugiatis maionsequat eumque

moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia-tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as

IRC

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Anolisisaspecies-richandmorphologicallydiversegroupofNeotropicallizards(reviewedinLosos2009).Many

Caribbeanislandspecieshavebecomehumancommensalsandcanbefoundabundantlyingardens,alongfenceposts,nearbuildings,andintrashpiles.Theabilityofhuman-com-mensalspeciestostowawayinhorticultural,agricultural,andconstructionmaterialshipmentshasledtomanyinadvertentanthropogenicintroductionsofAnolis tonewgeographicloca-tionsacrosstheCaribbeanandaroundtheworld(Williams1969,Kolbeetal.2004,Powelletal.2011).Here,wereporttwonewlyestablishedpopulationsoftheCubananoleA. por-catus intheDominicanRepublicthatconsiderablyexpandtherangeofthisintroducedspeciesonHispaniola. Anolis porcatusisamedium-sized(adultmalesto~73mmSVL)trunk-crownecomorphthatisnativetoCuba,whereitprimarilyinhabitstreecrownsandtheupperreachesoftreetrunks.Asistypicalfortrunk-crownanoles,A. porca-

Two New Introduced Populations of the Cuban Green Anole (Anolis porcatus)

in the Dominican RepublicYoelE.Stuart1*,MiguelA.Landestoy2,D.LukeMahler1,3,DanielScantlebury4,AnthonyJ.Geneva4,

PaulS.VanMiddlesworth1,andRichardE.Glor4

1DepartmentofOrganismicandEvolutionaryBiology,MuseumofComparativeZoology,HarvardUniversity,26OxfordStreet,Cambridge,MA02138,USA([email protected])

2MinisteriodeMedioAmbienteyRecursosNaturalesandSociedadOrnitológicadelaHispaniola,RepúblicaDominicana3CenterforPopulationBiology,UniversityofCaliforniaDavis,OneShieldsAvenue,Davis,CA95616,USA

4DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofRochester,RCBox270211,Rochester,NY14627,USA

Fig. 1.AdultmaleAnolis porcatuscapturedattheHigüey collectionlocalityon1June2011.Photographstakenon1x1cmgridpaper.PhotographsbyD.LukeMahler.

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B

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INTRODUCEDSPECIES IRCFREPTILES&AMPHIBIANS•19(1):71–75•MARCH2012

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tushasshortlegs,alongtail,andlargetoepadsrelativetoitsbodysize.Anolis porcatus isprimarilygreendorsally(Fig.1A)thoughitcanchangerapidlytodarkbrown.Ithasapinkgularfan,ordewlap(Fig.1B). Thenative rangeofA. porcatus spansmuchofCuba(SchwartzandHenderson1991),butithasbeenintroducedtoFlorida(Meshaka1997),Aruba(OdumandvanBuurt2009),andtheDominicanRepublic(Williams1977).Kolbeetal.(2007)foundthatA. porcatusinFloridahasbeenintro-ducedfromatleasttwosourcepopulationsinthevicinityofHavana,Cuba,whereasA. porcatus in theDominicanRepublichasasinglesourcepopulationnearHavana. IntroducedpopulationsofA. porcatus intheDominicanRepublichavebeenreportedfromseveral localities inthe

greaterSantoDomingoarea:ThelandscapedurbancentralandsouthernsectionsoftheNationalDistrict,theNationalZootothenorth,andLasAméricasInternationalAirportandBocaChicatotheeast(PowellandParmerlee1991;Powell1992;Giffordetal.2002;PowellandHenderson2008;MAL,pers.obs.).Anolis porcatusappearstohavedisplaceditsnativeecologicalequivalent,A. chlorocyanus,insomehighlyalteredurban settings in the greater SantoDomingo area (AriasCornielle1975,Powelletal.1990,Giffordetal.2002).ThenewpopulationsofA. porcatus reportedhere—nearHigüeyintheeasternprovinceofLaAltagraciaandinBaníintheprovinceofPeravia(Fig.2A)—areprobablytheresultofdis-persalfromSantoDomingo,althoughwehaveyettotestthishypothesiswithgeneticdata. On 31 May 2011, while collecting Anolis distichus approximately11kmsouthofHigüeyonthewestsideofHighway4(Fig.2B;N18.51390,W68.72177),YESandPSVspottedamalegreenanoledisplayingapinkdewlap.BecausethenativeA. chlorocyanushasablue-and-whitedew-lap,weidentifiedthispink-dewlappedindividualasA. porca-tus,althoughwefailedtocatchit.WereturnedtothesamesitethenextdayandopportunisticallycapturedfivemaleA. porcatusinapproximately2.5hthatweredevotedprimar-ilytosamplingA. distichus.TheseA. porcatus averaged76.2±4.9mmand10.1±2.1g.Wedidnotcaptureordefini-tivelyidentifyanyfemales,possiblybecausetheyarenoteas-ilydistinguishedatadistancefromfemaleA. chlorocyanus.WeobservedatleastonemaleA. chlorocyanusatthissite.TheA. porcatus individualswerepreparedasvoucherandtissuespecimensanddepositedintheMuseoNacionaldeHistoriaNatural,SantoDomingo(Mahler1845,1848)andtheMuseumofComparativeZoology,HarvardUniversity(MCZR-189079–189081). WecollectedtheA. porcatusfromseverallargetreesandafenceliningthenorthernedgeofaroadsidehouseandfromarowoflargetreesextendingintoasugarcanefieldwestofthehouse(Fig.3).WecollectedA. distichuswithsimilareffortatsixsitesnorthoftheA. porcatus collectionlocalityandatfivesitestothesouth,spanningabout25kmalongHighway4(Fig.2B–GPScoordinatesforthesesitesavailableuponrequest).Duringthesecollections,wedidnotfindanymoreA. porcatuseventhoughA. chlorocyanuswasrelativelyabun-dant(ca.1–3sightingsperpersonperhour). On29April2010,MALspottedafemaleA. porcatusonthetrunkofaCatalpatree(Catalpa longissima)plantedalong the sidewalkofEncarnaciónEchavarríaCityPark(N18.27939,W70.32693)neartheeasternentrance intoBaníonHighway2 (Fig.4).Onasecondvisiton9January2011,MAL,DS,AJG,andREGobservedthreeindividu-als(2males,1female)duringanapproximately30-minutesearch.Tissue andvoucher specimenswereprepared foroneindividualofeachsex(GLOR7805male,GLOR7806

68.6°W68.9°W 68.8°W 68.7°W

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.4°N

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HigüeyCollection localityOther sites worked

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°N1

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BaníSanto Domingo

HigüeyHaiti

Dominican Republic

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Santo Domingo

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Fig. 2.MapoftheDominicanRepublicshowingcitieswithknownintroducedpopulationsofAnolis porcatus.Therectangleindicatestheregionenlargedinthesecondpanel,whichshowslocalitiesnearHigüeywherewesampledAnolis.WeobservedandcollectedA. porcatusatasinglelocality,whichismarkedbytheblackrectangle.


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female).On16August2011,MALconductedatwo-hoursearchandfoundfiveA. porcatus (3females,2juveniles) aswellasfourmaleA. chlorocyanus.Afinal1.5-hoursearchbyMALon27August2011revealed14juvenileA. porcatus pri-marilyinathicketofornamentalvegetationthatmightserveasarefugeforjuveniles.

Anolis porcatus hasnotbeenobservedoutsideofthisparkdespitesearcheffortsbyMALthroughouttheyearandanadditionaleffortfromAJGandREGinJuly2011.Anolis chlorocyanus remainsmoderatelycommonthroughoutBaní.Curiously,wehavenotseenanyA. cybotesatthispark,eventhoughthisspeciesisknownfromelsewhereinBaní.Astockyandaggressivespecies,A. cybotespreysonjuvenileanoles.ThelackofA. cybotesattheparkmightbeatleastpartiallyrespon-sibleforA. porcatus successfullyestablishingabreedingpopu-lation.OtherpotentialpredatorsincludethelizardsAmeiva chrysolaema andLeiocephalus personatus, severalofwhichwehaveseenatthepark.Thesespeciesforageterrestriallyinopenareas,whereasA. porcatus isnearlyexclusivelyarboreal.Oursurveyeffortshavenotrevealedanysnakesinthepark,anobservationcorroboratedbylandscapersandparkpersonnel. ThediscoveryofA. porcatus inHigüeyandBanírepre-sentsthefirstHispaniolanpopulationsofthisspeciesthatareclearlygeographicallydisjunctfromgreaterSantoDomingoandBocaChica.Oursurveyssuggestthateachoftheseintro-ducedpopulationsisrestrictedtoasingle,anole-favorablehabitatenclavesurroundedbyrelativelyunsuitableenviron-ments.Thesecollectionlocalities,however,abutbusyroads,makinganthropogenically-aideddispersalonlyamatteroftime.Werecommendthatscientistsandwildlifemanagementofficialsmakeaconcertedefforttoeradicatethesepopulationsbeforetheyspread.

AcknowledgmentsWe thank JorgeBrocca and theSociedadOrnithológicadelaHispaniolaforsponsoringourresearchprogramandproviding logistical assistance. We thank the Ministeriode Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales for authoriz-ing research and permits. This work was funded by theMuseumofComparativeZoologyatHarvardUniversity(PutnamExpeditionGranttoYES)andtheNationalScienceFoundation(NSF-DEB0920892toREG).

Literature CitedAriasCornielle,Y.A.1975.Anolis chlorocyanusyAnolis porcatus(Sauria,Iguanidae)en

laciudaddeSantoDomingo.Tesis,UniversidadAutónomadeSantoDomingo.

Gifford,M.E.,B.E.Fontenot,andD.M.Nieves.2002.Geographicdistribution:Anolis porcatus.Herpetological Review 33:223.

Kolbe,J.J.,R.E.Glor,L.Rodriguez-Schettino,A.Chamizo-Lara,A.Larson,andJ.B.Losos.2004.GeneticvariationincreasesduringbiologicalinvasionbyaCubanlizard.Nature431:177–181.

Kolbe,J.J.,R.E.Glor,L.Rodriguez-Schettino,A.Chamizo-Lara,A.Larson,andJ.B.Losos.2007.Multiplesources,admixture,andgeneticvariationinintro-ducedAnolislizardpopulations.Conservation Biology21:1612–1625.

Losos,J.B.2009.Lizards in an Evolutionary Tree: Ecology and Adaptive Radiation of Anoles.UniversityofCaliforniaPress,Berkeley.

Meshaka,W.E.Jr.,R.M.Clouse,B.P.Butterfield,andJ.B.Hauge.1997.TheCubanGreenAnole,Anolis porcatus:AnewanoleestablishedinFlorida.Herpetological Review 28:101–102.

Odum,A.R.andG.vanBuurt.2009.Geographicdistribution:Anolis porcatus(CubanGreenAnole).Herpetological Review40:450.

Fig. 3.TheHigüey collectionlocality:(A)Roadsidehouseandyard,(B)northernfencelineofthehouse,and(C)thelineoftreestothewestofthehouse.PhotographsbyYoelE.Stuart.

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Powell,R.andR.W.Henderson.2008.UrbanherpetologyintheWestIndies,pp.389–404.In:J.C.Mitchell,R.E.,JungBrown,andB.Bartholomew(eds.),Urban Herpetology.HerpetologicalConservation,Volume3.SocietyfortheStudyofAmphibiansandReptiles,SaltLakeCity,Utah.

Powell,R.,D.D.Smith,J.S.Parmerlee,C.V.Taylor,andM.L.Jolley.1990.Rangeexpansionbyanintroducedanole:Anolis porcatusintheDominicanRepublic.Amphibia-Reptilia4:421–425.

Powell,R.,andJ.S.Parmerlee,Jr.1991.Geographicdistribution:Anolis porcatus.Herpetological Review21:96.

Powell,R.1992.Anolis porcatus.Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles(541):1–5.

Powell,R.,R.W.Henderson,M.C.Farmer,M.Breuil,A.C.Echternacht,G.vanBuurt,C.M.Romagosa,andG.Perry.2011.IntroducedamphibiansandreptilesinthegreaterCaribbean:Patternsandconservationimplications,pp.

Fig. 4. TheBanícollectionlocality:(A)EncarnaciónEchavarríaCityPark,(B)anexampleofdensefoliagethatmayserveasajuvenile“nursery,”and(C)ajuvenileA. porcatus stalkingaSkipper(Hesperidae)butterfly.Thislizardwaschasedawaybyalargerjuvenile.Neitherlizardcaughtthebutterfly(MAL).PhotographsbyR.E.Glor(A&B)andMiguelA.Landestoy(C).

A B

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63–143.In:A.Hailey,B.Wilson,andJ.Horrocks(eds.),Conservation of Caribbean Island Herpetofaunas. Volume 1: Conservation Biology and the Wider Caribbean.BrillPublishing,Leiden,TheNetherlands.

Schwartz,A.andR.W.Henderson.1991.Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies: Descriptions, Distributions, and Natural History.UniversityofFloridaPress,Gainesville.

Williams,E.E.1969.Theecologyofcolonizationasseeninthezoogeographyofanoline lizardsonsmall islands.The Quarterly Review of Biology44:345–389.

Williams,E.E.1977.Anolesoutofplace:Introducedanoles,pp.110–112.In:E.E.Williams(ed.),The 3rd Anolis Newsletter. MuseumofComparativeZoology,HarvardUniversity,Cambridge,Massachusetts.