Structures of Bones Articulations: Articulations: –contacts with other bones Marks: Marks:...

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Structures of Bones Structures of Bones • Articulations Articulations : : – contacts with other bones contacts with other bones • Marks Marks : : – areas of muscle and ligament areas of muscle and ligament attachment attachment • Foraminae Foraminae : : – openings for nerves and blood openings for nerves and blood vessels vessels

Transcript of Structures of Bones Articulations: Articulations: –contacts with other bones Marks: Marks:...

Page 1: Structures of Bones Articulations: Articulations: –contacts with other bones Marks: Marks: –areas of muscle and ligament attachment Foraminae: Foraminae:

Structures of BonesStructures of Bones

• ArticulationsArticulations::– contacts with other bonescontacts with other bones

• MarksMarks: : – areas of muscle and ligament areas of muscle and ligament

attachmentattachment

• ForaminaeForaminae::– openings for nerves and blood vessels openings for nerves and blood vessels

Page 2: Structures of Bones Articulations: Articulations: –contacts with other bones Marks: Marks: –areas of muscle and ligament attachment Foraminae: Foraminae:

The Axial SkeletonThe Axial Skeleton

3D Peel-Away of Whole Axial SkeletonPLAYPLAY

Figure 7–1a

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The Axial SkeletonThe Axial Skeleton

• The The axial skeletonaxial skeleton::– forms the longitudinal axis of the bodyforms the longitudinal axis of the body– has 80 boneshas 80 bones

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Bones of the Axial SkeletonBones of the Axial Skeleton

• The The skullskull::– 8 8 cranial bonescranial bones – 14 14 facial bonesfacial bones

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Bones of the Axial SkeletonBones of the Axial Skeleton

• Bones associated with the skull:Bones associated with the skull:– 6 6 auditory ossiclesauditory ossicles – the the hyoid bonehyoid bone

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Bones of the Axial SkeletonBones of the Axial Skeleton

• The The vertebral columnvertebral column::– 24 24 vertebraevertebrae– the the sacrum sacrum – the the coccyxcoccyx

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Bones of the Axial SkeletonBones of the Axial Skeleton

• The The thoracic cagethoracic cage::– 24 24 ribs ribs – the the sternumsternum

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Functions of the Axial Functions of the Axial SkeletonSkeleton

• Supports and protects organs in body Supports and protects organs in body cavitiescavities

• Attaches to muscles of:Attaches to muscles of:– head, neck, and trunkhead, neck, and trunk– respirationrespiration– appendicular skeletonappendicular skeleton

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The SkullThe Skull

• The The skullskull protects: protects:– the brainthe brain– entrances to respiratory systementrances to respiratory system– entrance to digestive systementrance to digestive system

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The SkullThe Skull

PLAYPLAY The Adult SkullFigure 7–2

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The SkullThe Skull

• Has 22 bones:Has 22 bones:– 8 8 cranial bonescranial bones::

•form the braincase or cranium form the braincase or cranium

– 14 14 facial bonesfacial bones::•protect and support entrances to digestive protect and support entrances to digestive

and respiratory tracts and respiratory tracts

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Cranial BonesCranial Bones

• Enclose the Enclose the cranial cavitycranial cavity

• Which contains the brain: Which contains the brain: – and its fluids, blood vessels, nerves, and and its fluids, blood vessels, nerves, and

membranesmembranes

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Superficial Facial BonesSuperficial Facial Bones

• MaxillaryMaxillary

• LacrimalLacrimal

• NasalNasal

• Zygomatic Zygomatic

• Mandible Mandible

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Deep Facial BonesDeep Facial Bones

• Palatine bonesPalatine bones

• Inferior nasal conchaeInferior nasal conchae

• VomerVomer

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SinusesSinuses

• Cavities which decrease the weight Cavities which decrease the weight of the skull: of the skull: – lined with mucus membraneslined with mucus membranes– protect the entrances of the respiratory protect the entrances of the respiratory

systemsystem

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SuturesSutures

• The immovable joints of the skull The immovable joints of the skull

Figure 7–3a, b

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SuturesSutures

Figure 7–3c

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Cranial BonesCranial Bones

• The 8 The 8 cranial bonescranial bones

Figure 7–4a, b

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The Cranial BonesThe Cranial Bones

• Occipital boneOccipital bone

• Frontal boneFrontal bone

• SphenoidSphenoid

• EthmoidEthmoid

• Parietal bonesParietal bones

• Temporal bones Temporal bones

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Foramina of the Occipital Foramina of the Occipital BoneBone

• Foramen magnumForamen magnum::– connects cranial and spinal cavitiesconnects cranial and spinal cavities

• Jugular foramenJugular foramen::– for jugular veinfor jugular vein

• Hypoglossal canalsHypoglossal canals::– for hypoglossal nervesfor hypoglossal nerves

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Functions of the Parietal Functions of the Parietal BonesBones

• Forms part of the superior and lateral Forms part of the superior and lateral surfaces of the craniumsurfaces of the cranium

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The The Frontal BoneFrontal Bone

Figure 7–6

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Functions of the Frontal Functions of the Frontal BoneBone

• Forms the anterior cranium and Forms the anterior cranium and upper eyesockets upper eyesockets

• Contains Contains frontal sinusesfrontal sinuses

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The The Temporal BonesTemporal Bones

Figure 7–7

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The The SphenoidSphenoid

Figure 7–8

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The The EthmoidEthmoid

Figure 7–9

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The Maxillary BonesThe Maxillary Bones

• The largest facial bonesThe largest facial bones

Figure 7–10a

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The Palatine BonesThe Palatine Bones

Figure 7–10b,c

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The Small Bones of the Face The Small Bones of the Face

Figure 7–11

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Functions of the Inferior Functions of the Inferior Nasal ConchaeNasal Conchae

• To create air turbulence in the nasal To create air turbulence in the nasal cavitycavity

• To increase the epithelial surface To increase the epithelial surface areaarea

• To warm and humidify inhaled airTo warm and humidify inhaled air

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The The MandibleMandible

Figure 7–12a,b

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The The Hyoid BoneHyoid Bone

Figure 7–12c

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The Orbital ComplexThe Orbital Complex

• Portions of 7 cranial and facial Portions of 7 cranial and facial bones bones

Figure 7–13

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The Nasal ComplexThe Nasal Complex

• Bones of the Bones of the nasal cavitiesnasal cavities and and paranasal sinusesparanasal sinuses

Figure 7–14

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Paranasal SinusesParanasal Sinuses

• Air-filled chambers connected to the Air-filled chambers connected to the nasal cavities:nasal cavities:– lighten skull boneslighten skull bones– provide mucous epithelium (flushes provide mucous epithelium (flushes

nasal cavities)nasal cavities)

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The Vertebral ColumnThe Vertebral Column

• The spine or The spine or vertebral columnvertebral column::– protects the spinal cordprotects the spinal cord– supports the head and bodysupports the head and body

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Regions and Curves of the Regions and Curves of the Vertebral ColumnVertebral Column

• 26 bones: 26 bones: – 24 24 vertebraevertebrae, the , the

sacrum,sacrum, and and coccyxcoccyx

PLAYPLAY The Vertebral ColumnFigure 7–16

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Vertebrae of the Vertebrae of the Vertebral ColumnVertebral Column• The neck:The neck:

– 7 7 cervical vertebraecervical vertebrae

• The upper back:The upper back:– 12 12 thoracic vertebraethoracic vertebrae– each articulate with one or more pairs of each articulate with one or more pairs of

ribsribs

• The lower back:The lower back:– 5 5 lumbar vertebraelumbar vertebrae

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The Sacrum and CoccyxThe Sacrum and Coccyx

• The 5th lumbar vertebra articulates The 5th lumbar vertebra articulates with the with the sacrumsacrum

• The sacrum articulates with the The sacrum articulates with the coccyxcoccyx

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4 Curvatures of the 4 Curvatures of the Vertebral ColumnVertebral Column

1.1. Cervical curveCervical curve

2.2. Thoracic curveThoracic curve

3.3. Lumbar curveLumbar curve

4.4. Sacral curveSacral curve

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Primary CurvesPrimary Curves

• ThoracicThoracic and and sacral curvessacral curves::– are called are called primary curvesprimary curves (present (present

during fetal development)during fetal development)– or or accommodation curvesaccommodation curves

(accommodate internal organs)(accommodate internal organs)

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Secondary CurvesSecondary Curves

• LumbarLumbar and and cervical curvescervical curves::– are called are called secondary curvessecondary curves (appear (appear

after birth)after birth)– or or compensation curvescompensation curves (shift body (shift body

weight for upright posture)weight for upright posture)

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Structure of a VertebraStructure of a Vertebra

Figure 7–17a,b

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The 3 Parts of a VertebraThe 3 Parts of a Vertebra

• The The vertebral bodyvertebral body ( (centrumcentrum):):– transfers weight along the spinetransfers weight along the spine

• The The vertebral archvertebral arch::– posterior margin of posterior margin of vertebral foramenvertebral foramen

• The The articular processesarticular processes::– lateral projections between laminae and lateral projections between laminae and

pediclespedicles

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The The Vertebral ArchVertebral Arch

• PediclesPedicles::– walls of the vertebral archwalls of the vertebral arch

• LaminaeLaminae::– roof of the vertebral archroof of the vertebral arch

• Spinous processSpinous process::– projection where vertebral laminae fuseprojection where vertebral laminae fuse

• Transverse processTransverse process::– projection where laminae join pediclesprojection where laminae join pedicles


Chapter 9: Articulations. Articulations Body movement occurs at joints (articulations) where 2 bones connect Body movement occurs at joints (articulations)

Chapter 9: Articulations. Articulations Body movement occurs at joints (articulations) where 2 bones connect Body movement occurs at joints (articulations)

Ex 13. Articulations- joints - hold bones together - Allows for movement Classified based on - Structure - functionality.

Ex 13. Articulations- joints - hold bones together - Allows for movement Classified based on - Structure - functionality.

Chapter 8 Joints or Articulations. Why do we need them? Articulations are junctions between bones They bind parts of skeletal system together Make bone.

Chapter 8 Joints or Articulations. Why do we need them? Articulations are junctions between bones They bind parts of skeletal system together Make bone.

Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Articulations Points of contact between bones (Joints) Primary Joint Classifications Functional NameStructural NameDegree of Movement Example SynarthrosesFibrousImmovableSutures.

Articulations Points of contact between bones (Joints) Primary Joint Classifications Functional NameStructural NameDegree of Movement Example SynarthrosesFibrousImmovableSutures.

Articulations AKA Joints. Articulations Where two bones meet. (Joint) Where two bones meet. (Joint)

Articulations AKA Joints. Articulations Where two bones meet. (Joint) Where two bones meet. (Joint)

ARTICULATIONS will Kleinelp. An articulation (joint) is the point of contact between bones, cartilage and bones, or between teeth and bone. Aside from.

ARTICULATIONS will Kleinelp. An articulation (joint) is the point of contact between bones, cartilage and bones, or between teeth and bone. Aside from.

JOINTS & Articulations. Joints occur where 2 bones meet. They may: join two bones with as little flexibility as possible join two bones with a little.

JOINTS & Articulations. Joints occur where 2 bones meet. They may: join two bones with as little flexibility as possible join two bones with a little.

The Elbow Chapter 23. n Bones: composed of 3 bones »- »Articulations: permits »- Elbow Anatomy.

The Elbow Chapter 23. n Bones: composed of 3 bones »- »Articulations: permits »- Elbow Anatomy.

Articulations The place of union or junction between two or more bones of the skeleton (also between cartilage and bones/teeth and bones - allow for movement.

Articulations The place of union or junction between two or more bones of the skeleton (also between cartilage and bones/teeth and bones - allow for movement.

The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Skulls bones and articulations

Skulls bones and articulations

Articulations and Movement. Articulations or Joints Articulation or Joint –Place where two bones come together –Freely movable to limited to no apparent.

Articulations and Movement. Articulations or Joints Articulation or Joint –Place where two bones come together –Freely movable to limited to no apparent.

Bones of The Forearm - ... Dentistry 2015 ...dentistry2015ju.weebly.com/uploads/8/5/8/5/85853488/...Bones of The Forearm Ulna:--Medial bone of the forearm-Articulations: Humerus &

Bones of The Forearm - ... Dentistry 2015 ...dentistry2015ju.weebly.com/uploads/8/5/8/5/85853488/...Bones of The Forearm Ulna:--Medial bone of the forearm-Articulations: Humerus &

Articulations Junctions between bones Bind parts of skeletal system together

Articulations Junctions between bones Bind parts of skeletal system together

5th-Bones and Articulations of the Skull (2)

5th-Bones and Articulations of the Skull (2)

ARTICULATIONS Joints between bones Hold bones firmly to each other Permit movement Classified by degree of movement (range of motion) and type of substance.

ARTICULATIONS Joints between bones Hold bones firmly to each other Permit movement Classified by degree of movement (range of motion) and type of substance.

Articulations A. Joints (articulations) – wherever two bones meet B. Functions – dependent on need for strength and mobility 1. joints in skull are very.

Articulations A. Joints (articulations) – wherever two bones meet B. Functions – dependent on need for strength and mobility 1. joints in skull are very.

Joints - ProvidencePanthersSportsMedicineprovidencepantherssportsmedicine.cmswiki.wikispaces.net/.../Joints.pdf · Joints •aka articulations •Point at which two bones join together

Joints - ProvidencePanthersSportsMedicineprovidencepantherssportsmedicine.cmswiki.wikispaces.net/.../Joints.pdf · Joints •aka articulations •Point at which two bones join together

Articulations. Articulations (Joints) Articulations – wherever 2 bones meet Classified by function –Synarthrosis (Immovable) –Amphiarthrosis (slightly.

Articulations. Articulations (Joints) Articulations – wherever 2 bones meet Classified by function –Synarthrosis (Immovable) –Amphiarthrosis (slightly.