Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two...

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Joints • Articulations of bones • Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility • Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally

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Transcript of Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two...

Page 1: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Joints

• Articulations of bones• Functions of joints– Hold bones together– Allow for mobility

• Two ways joints are classified– Functionally– Structurally

Page 2: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Functional Classification of Joints

• Synarthroses– Immovable joints

• Amphiarthroses– Slightly moveable joints

• Diarthroses– Freely moveable joints

Page 3: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Structural Classification of Joints

• Fibrous joints– Generally immovable

• Cartilaginous joints– Immovable or slightly moveable

• Synovial joints– Freely moveable

Page 4: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Fibrous Joints

• Bones united by collagenic fibers• Types– Sutures

• Immobile– Syndesmoses

• Allows more movement than sutures but still immobile• Example: Distal end of tibia and fibula

– Gomphosis• Immobile

Page 5: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Figure 5.30a

Fibrous joints

Fibrous connective tissue

(a) Suture

Page 6: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Figure 5.30b

Fibrous joints

Tibia

FibulaFibrousconnective tissue

(b) Syndesmosis

Page 7: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Cartilaginous Joints

• Bones connected by cartilage• Types– Synchrondrosis • Immobile

– Symphysis • Slightly movable• Example: Pubic symphysis, intervertebral joints

Page 8: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Figure 5.30c

Cartilaginous joints

First rib

Hyaline cartilage

Sternum

(c) Synchondrosis

Page 9: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Figure 5.30d

Cartilaginous joints

Vertebrae

Fibrocartilage

(d) Symphysis

Page 10: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Figure 5.30e

Cartilaginous joints

Pubis

Fibro- cartilage

(e) Symphysis

Page 11: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Synovial Joints

• Articulating bones are separated by a joint cavity

• Synovial fluid is found in the joint cavity

Page 12: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Figure 5.30f

Synovial joints

Scapula

Articular capsule

Articular (hyaline) cartilage

Humerus

(f) Multiaxial joint (shoulder joint)

Page 13: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Figure 5.30g

Synovial joints

Humerus

Articular (hyaline) cartilage

Articular capsule

Radius

Ulna(g) Uniaxial joint (elbow joint)

Page 14: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Figure 5.30h

Synovial joints

Ulna

Radius

Articular capsule

(h) Biaxial joint (intercarpal joints of hand)

Carpals

Page 15: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Features of Synovial Joints

• Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) covers the ends of bones

• Articular capsule encloses joint surfaces and lined with synovial membrane

• Joint cavity is filled with synovial fluid• Reinforcing ligaments

Page 16: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Structures Associated with the Synovial Joint

• Bursae—flattened fibrous sacs– Lined with synovial membranes– Filled with synovial fluid– Not actually part of the joint

• Tendon sheath– Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

Page 17: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Figure 5.31

Acromion of scapula

Ligament

Bursa

Ligament

Tendon sheath

Tendon of biceps muscle

Humerus

Fibrous layer of the articular capsule

Synovial membrane

Articular (hyaline) cartilage

Joint cavity containing synovial fluid

Page 18: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Figure 5.32a

NonaxialUniaxialBiaxialMultiaxial

(a) Plane joint

(a)

Page 19: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Figure 5.32b

NonaxialUniaxialBiaxialMultiaxial

(b)

HumerusUlna

(b) Hinge joint

Page 20: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Figure 5.32c

NonaxialUniaxialBiaxialMultiaxial

(c)

(c) Pivot joint

UlnaRadius

Page 21: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Figure 5.32d

NonaxialUniaxialBiaxialMultiaxial

(d)

MetacarpalPhalanx

(d) Condylar joint

Page 22: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Figure 5.32e

NonaxialUniaxialBiaxialMultiaxial

(e)

Carpal

(e) Saddle joint

Metacarpal #1

Page 23: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Figure 5.32f

NonaxialUniaxialBiaxialMultiaxial

(f)

Head of humerus

Scapula

(f) Ball-and-socket joint

Page 24: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Inflammatory Conditions Associated with Joints

• Bursitis—inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction

• Tendonitis—inflammation of tendon sheaths• Arthritis—inflammatory or degenerative

diseases of joints– Over 100 different types– The most widespread crippling disease in the

United States– Initial symptoms: pain, stiffness, swelling of the

joint

Page 25: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Clinical Forms of Arthritis

• Osteoarthritis– Most common chronic arthritis– Probably related to normal aging processes

• Rheumatoid arthritis– An autoimmune disease—the immune system

attacks the joints– Symptoms begin with bilateral inflammation of

certain joints– Often leads to deformities

Page 26: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Figure 5.33

Page 27: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Clinical Forms of Arthritis

• Gouty arthritis– Inflammation of joints is caused by a deposition of

uric acid crystals from the blood– Can usually be controlled with diet– More common in men

Page 28: Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints – Hold bones together – Allow for mobility Two ways joints are classified – Functionally – Structurally.

Developmental Aspects of the Skeletal System

• At birth, the skull bones are incomplete• Bones are joined by fibrous membranes called

fontanels• Fontanels are completely replaced with bone

within two years after birth


The Skeletal System Joints. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints Hold bones together Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified.

The Skeletal System Joints. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints Hold bones together Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified.

Joints (Articulations)

Joints (Articulations)

Articulations. Articulations (Joints) Articulations – wherever 2 bones meet Classified by function –Synarthrosis (Immovable) –Amphiarthrosis (slightly.

Articulations. Articulations (Joints) Articulations – wherever 2 bones meet Classified by function –Synarthrosis (Immovable) –Amphiarthrosis (slightly.

Joints (Articulations) Articulation—site where two or more bones meet Functions of joints: Give skeleton mobility Hold skeleton together.

Joints (Articulations) Articulation—site where two or more bones meet Functions of joints: Give skeleton mobility Hold skeleton together.

Joints Articulations Where 2 or more bones connect.

Joints Articulations Where 2 or more bones connect.

CHAPTER 7 Joints. articulations Joints (or articulations) Where two or more bones meet Functions: movement, hold skeleton together Classified by structure.

CHAPTER 7 Joints. articulations Joints (or articulations) Where two or more bones meet Functions: movement, hold skeleton together Classified by structure.

Joints. Articulations Articulations (joints) are places where two or more separate bones in the body meet Bones will endure extreme friction if they rub.

Joints. Articulations Articulations (joints) are places where two or more separate bones in the body meet Bones will endure extreme friction if they rub.

Joints Come in Many Types. Joints (Articulations) Functions of joints Classifying Joints: Functional or Structural Naming Movements of Bones Around Joints.

Joints Come in Many Types. Joints (Articulations) Functions of joints Classifying Joints: Functional or Structural Naming Movements of Bones Around Joints.

Skeletal Joints I. Skeletal Joints- also called articulations (place where two or more bones meet) A. Functions of Joints: 1. Give skeleton mobility (allow.

Skeletal Joints I. Skeletal Joints- also called articulations (place where two or more bones meet) A. Functions of Joints: 1. Give skeleton mobility (allow.

Skulls bones and articulations

Skulls bones and articulations

JOINTS. Joints Joints or articulations: sites where two or more bones meet –Gives our skeleton mobility and holds it together –Weakest parts of the skeleton:

JOINTS. Joints Joints or articulations: sites where two or more bones meet –Gives our skeleton mobility and holds it together –Weakest parts of the skeleton:

An Introduction to Articulations Articulations Body movement occurs at joints (articulations) where two bones connect Joint Structure Determines.

An Introduction to Articulations Articulations Body movement occurs at joints (articulations) where two bones connect Joint Structure Determines.

The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

The Skeletal System. Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints –Hold bones together –Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified –Functionally.

Ex 13. Articulations- joints - hold bones together - Allows for movement Classified based on - Structure - functionality.

Ex 13. Articulations- joints - hold bones together - Allows for movement Classified based on - Structure - functionality.

Joints Chapter 8, Section 1. The science of joints is called arthrology. Joints, also called articulations, are functional junctions between two bones.

Joints Chapter 8, Section 1. The science of joints is called arthrology. Joints, also called articulations, are functional junctions between two bones.

Articulations AKA Joints

Articulations AKA Joints

Joints of the Human Body. Joints Joints are the points of contact (or articulations) between two connected bones. Joints are the points of contact (or.

Joints of the Human Body. Joints Joints are the points of contact (or articulations) between two connected bones. Joints are the points of contact (or.

Joints of the human body. Joints are the point of contact (articulations) between two connecting bones. The stability and the integrity of joints are.

Joints of the human body. Joints are the point of contact (articulations) between two connecting bones. The stability and the integrity of joints are.

Ch 9 Joints- Articulations -between bones, cartilage and bones, or teeth and bones.

Ch 9 Joints- Articulations -between bones, cartilage and bones, or teeth and bones.

Buy your lab coat and gloves!. Chapter 9 Joints = Articulations Where ANY bones come together.

Buy your lab coat and gloves!. Chapter 9 Joints = Articulations Where ANY bones come together.