Report technology-in-costruction-site-the-élysée-from-mam-to-itc

Department of Rural Engineering

INTERNSHIP REPORT

“TECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTION SITE”

Company’s name: MEGA ASSET MANAGEMENT.CO., LTD

Students’ name: THIM Mengly (e20120734)

SUN Sophalraksmey (e20120696)

SOPHAL Sokuntheara (e20120664)

KHIM Sovima (e20120297)

Project Manager: Mr. RA Boreyvuth

Head of Department: Dr. LY Sarann

Academic Year

2016-2017

Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Maga Asset Management.Co.,Ltd

Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Departement de Genie Rural

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

After completing fourth-year student of Rural Engineering of Institute of Technology

of Cambodia, the obligation is to do an internship related to our studies field and write report

acknowledgement that we go from internship. To complete our internship report properly, it is

accompany the help and support from many people who have given us permission, knowledge

financing, consulting and courage. For this reason, we would like to mention all our sincere

thanks to.

Firstly, we would like to express our deep gratitude to our parents for financial

support, advice and encouragement since we was born till now for most 20 years.

We would like to his Excellency Dr. OM Romny, director of Institute of Technology

of Cambodia. According to his authorization for doing internship in a company.

We express my sincere Dr. LY Sarann, head of the Rural Engineering Department

who has been so active and interactive with students throughout this internship program. For

all his efforts so that students can learn the technical work and what we never learned at

school.

We would like to thank to all lecturers of ITC, especially lecturers of Rural

Engineering department for giving us knowledge base that are really essential for our

professional life.

More thank to MEGA ASSET MANAGEMENT.CO., LTD who allow us to have an

opportunity to learn and practice what we’re studied at school into the real work.

We offer thank Mr. RA Boreyvuth Project Manager, Mr. SENG Youhong, site

manager and Mr. SUN Sathia Engineer Block 3.1&3.2 of Building The Elysee, who had

been really kind to us, always try to tell us about work and provide many knowledge, show

further detailed relate to varied technique of construction in site, some experiences in site

management and some designing.

Finally, we wish all of you to have a happiness life, you always stay still healthy and

successfully in your life.


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ABSTRACT

This report is prepared in the purpose of getting the recommendation from the

company, MEGA ASSET MANAGEMENT.CO.,LTD, and completing the internship

obligation of Institute of Technology of Cambodia (ITC). This report is described about

conception for design some structural elements and construction technology, it’s also

prepared for studied document that can help the next generation student do research related to

construction field.


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TABLES OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................... i

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... ii

TABLES OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ iii

LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ v

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 1

I. GENERAL STATEMENT ............................................................................... 1

II. PRESENTATION ............................................................................................. 1

A. Internship:...................................................................................................... 1

B. Enterprises: .................................................................................................... 1

C. Site Location of The Elysee Project: ............................................................. 2

D. Company‘s partners of The Elysee project: .................................................. 2

CHAPTER II: FOUNDATION (FOOTING) .............................................................. 3

I. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 3

A. Types of Footing ........................................................................................... 3

II. Construction of Reinforced Concrete Footing ...................................................... 4

CHAPTER III: LEAN CONCRETE ........................................................................... 7

I. Generalization ................................................................................................... 7

II. Construction of Lean Concrete ............................................................................. 7

A. Soil/Sand Compaction and Leveling ............................................................. 7

B. Installation of formwork: .............................................................................. 8

C. Pouring Concrete on Sand: ............................................................................ 8

D. Lean Concrete ............................................................................................... 8

CHAPTER IV: REINFORCED CONCRETE BASEMENT SLABS ....................... 10

I. Generalization ................................................................................................. 10

II. Conception of Designing Reinforced Concrete Basement Slab ..................... 10

III. Construction of Slabs ...................................................................................... 10

A. Installation of Formwork ............................................................................. 10

B. Pouring Reinforced Concrete of Slabs ........................................................ 10

C. Installation of Framework with Steel .......................................................... 11

D. Reinforcement of Slabs ............................................................................... 11

CHAPTER V: REINFORCED CONCRETE BASEMENT WALLS ....................... 13

I. Generalization ....................................................................................................... 13


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II. Conception of Designing Reinforced Concrete Basement Wall..................... 13

III. Construction Technics in Site: ........................................................................ 13

A. Installation of Formwork ............................................................................. 13

B. Pouring Reinforced Concrete of Basement Walls....................................... 14

C. Installation with steels ................................................................................. 14

D. Reinforcement of Basement Walls .............................................................. 14

CHAPTER VI: REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN ........................................ 15

I. Generalization ................................................................................................. 15

II. Construction of Reinforcement concrete column ........................................... 15

A. Installing steel in column ............................................................................ 15

B. Installation of the formworks ...................................................................... 15

C. Pouring Concrete ......................................................................................... 16

D. Removing and curing reinforcement concrete of column ........................... 16

E. Pictures about Processes of Column Work ................................................. 17

CHAPTER VII: REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS ........................................... 18

I. Generalization ....................................................................................................... 18

II. Conception of Designing Reinforced Concrete Beams....................................... 18

III. Structural Installation of Beams ........................................................................ 19

A. Installation of Formworks ........................................................................... 19

B. Putting of beam’s steel Reinforcement ....................................................... 20

CHAPTER VIII: SECURITIES AND CONCLUSION ............................................ 21

I. Security of Site ................................................................................................ 21

II. Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 23

APPENDICES .............................................................................................................. 24

APPENDIX A: standard hooks use in site of project the Elysee ............................. 24

APPENDIX B: Standard spacing limits for reinforcements .................................... 24

APPENDIX C: Standard of concrete protection for reinforcement ........................ 25

APPENDIX D: Standard development length of Bars ............................................ 26

APPENDIX E: Standard of lap splice length .......................................................... 27

APPENDIX F: Standard Bar Arrangement ............................................................. 28

APPENDIX G: Standard of Slab and Wall ............................................................. 32

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 35


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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure I.1. Internship Site Place ..................................................................................... 2 Figure I.2: Building The Elysee ..................................................................................... 2 Figure I.3: Logo of Mega Asset Management.Co.,Ltd .................................................. 2 Figure I.4:Logo of Cana Sino Construction Corporation.co.,ltd .................................... 2 Figure II.1: Oppressing Pile ........................................................................................... 5

Figure II.2: Digging the Soil........................................................................................... 5 Figure II.3: Cutting the head pile ................................................................................... 6 Figure II.4: Installing the formwork ............................................................................... 6

Figure II.5: Installing the reinforcement......................................................................... 6 Figure II.6: Casting the concrete .................................................................................... 6 Figure II.7: Pile cap after pouring and remove formwork .......................................... 6 Figure II.8: Testing slump .............................................................................................. 6

Figure III.1: Soil Compaction and Leveling ................................................................... 7 Figure III.2: Formwork for Lean Concrete with thickness 50mm ................................. 8

Figure III.3: Pouring Lean Concrete............................................................................... 8 Figure III.4. Lean concrete under basement slab and pile cap after pouring ................. 9

Figure IV.1: Waterproofing .......................................................................................... 11 Figure IV.2: Water stop ................................................................................................ 11 Figure IV.3: Installing steel slabs ................................................................................. 11

Figure IV.4: Chair bar for save spacing from bottom bar to top bar of basement slab 11 Figure IV.5: Polish Surface of Concrete ...................................................................... 12

Figure IV.6: Pouring concrete ...................................................................................... 12 Figure IV.7: Testing Hummer ...................................................................................... 12

Figure IV.8: Wet Burlap ............................................................................................... 12 Figure V.1: Installing steels and Water stop of basement wall .................................... 14

Figure VI.1: Instilling reinforcement............................................................................ 17 Figure VI.2: Instilling formwork .................................................................................. 17 Figure VI.3: Make rough surface ................................................................................. 17

Figure VI.4: Test slump ................................................................................................ 17 Figure VI.5: Keeping for test ........................................................................................ 17 Figure VI.6: Caste concrete .......................................................................................... 17 Figure VI.7: Curing Column ........................................................................................ 17 Figure VI.8: Open Formwork ....................................................................................... 17 Figure VII.1: Formworks of beam connect to slab ....................................................... 19

Figure VII.2: Installing formworks of beam ................................................................ 19 Figure VII.3: Installing steels of beams out of formwork ............................................ 20 Figure VII.4: Steel of beam put into formwork after installation ................................. 20

Figure VIII.1: Warning signal before go into site ........................................................ 21 Figure VIII.2: Barrier for protect falling down something out of site .......................... 21 Figure VIII.3: Camera security site office and Fire extinguisher in site ...................... 22 Figure VIII.4: Hygiene System for workers in site ..................................................... 22 Figure VIII.5: Using Belt security, Using Boots and Hat security during working ..... 22

Figure VIII.6: Some Warning Signal for workers in site ............................................. 23


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CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

I. GENERAL STATEMENT

We are year fourth student, Department of Rural Infrastructure Engineering, Institute

of Technology of Cambodia (ITC).

We need to complete of an obligation after finish from senior or year fourth (During

the Vacation). This Internship makes us know a lot of knowledge from there, so in this has the

time for limiting. It has the materials that attracted us know about the theories and practices.

Therefore, this internship is very important for understanding, improvement, and getting

better. Thus, students can be developed of the both courses between theories and direct

practices. Then student can improve their capacities days by days clearly and lesson in school

have a practical activities and building site.

This internship makes the students year fourth can do works, it is directly practices in

Institute of Technology of Cambodia which has an organized them with the cooperation in

private enterprises and publics. This internship will be demanded of students should do

directly practices and working in site both enterprises.

II. PRESENTATION

We are reality this internship from 11th July to 24th September 2016. Construction site

in company of MEGA ASSET MANAGEMENT.CO., LTD

A. Internship:

Tittle of Internship : Technology in Construction Site

Period of Internship : From 11th July to 24th September,2016

Project Manager : Mr. RA Boreyvuth

Site Manager : Mr. SENG Youhong

Block Manager (Part 3.1&3.2) : Mr. SUN Sathia

Head of Department : Dr. LY Sarann

B. Enterprises:

MEGA ASSET MANAGEMENT.CO.,LTD is the best one of companies in Cambodia

that has the Head office in Phnom Penh.

Address of principle office: No.315, Preah Ang Duong (St.110), corner of

Preah Monivong (St.93),Canadia Tower, 10th Floor, SangKat Wat Phnom,

Khan Doun Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Email: [email protected]

Web: www.megaassetmanagement.co.ltd

Site: The Elysee Building at Koh Pech

Tel/Fax: (855)23 430 686

H/P: (855) 23 868 222

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.megaassetmanagement.co.ltd/


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C. Site Location of The Elysee Project:

Company of site is MEGA ASSET MANAGEMENT.CO.,LTD, is locating along Koh

Pech Street, at the bank of Basak River, in front of Elite Town, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

D. Company‘s partners of The Elysee project:

Building The Elysee in part 3.1 and 3.2 is constructed under cooperation of two companies:

Mega Asset Management.Co.,Ltd and Cana Sino Construction Corporation.co.,ltd.

Figure I.4:Logo of Cana Sino Construction Corporation.co.,ltd

Figure I.2: Building The Elysee

Figure I.1. Internship Site Place

N

Figure I.3: Logo of Mega Asset Management.Co.,Ltd


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CHAPTER II: FOUNDATION (FOOTING)

I. Introduction

Reinforced concrete footings are structural members used to support columns and

walls and to transmit and distribute their loads to the soil or rock support the structural. Because the soil is generally much weaker than the concrete columns and walls that must be

supported, the contact area between the soil and the footing is much larger than that between

the supported member and the footing. The design is based on the assumption that the footing

is rigid, so that the variation of the soil pressure under the footing is linear. Uniform soil

pressure is achieved when the column load coincides with the centroid of the footing.

Although this assumption is acceptable for rigid footings, such an assumption becomes less

accurate as the footing becomes relatively more flexible. The proper design of footings

requires that:

1. The load capacity of the soil is not exceeded.

2. Excessive settlement, differential settlement, or rotations are avoided.

3. Adequate safety against sliding and/or overturning is maintained.

A. Types of Footing

Different types of footings may be used to support building columns or walls. The

most common types are as follows:

a. Wall footings are used to support structural walls that carry loads from other

floors or to support nonstructural walls. They have a limited width and a

continuous length under the wall. Wall footings may have one thickness, be

stepped, or have a sloped top.

b. Isolated, or single, footings are used to support single columns. They may be

square, rectangular, or circular. Again, the footing may be of uniform

thickness, stepped, or have a sloped top. This is one of the most economical

types of footings, and it is used when columns are spaced at relatively long

distances. The most commonly used are square or rectangular footings with

uniform thickness.

c. Combined footing usually support two columns or three columns even if not in

a row. The shape of the footing in the plan may be rectangular or trapezoidal,

depending on column loads. Combined footings are used when two columns

are so close that single footings cannot be used or when one column is located

at or near a property line.

d. Cantilever, or strap, footings consist of two single footings connected with a

beam or a strap and support two single columns. They are used when one

footing supports an eccentric column and the nearest adjacent footing lies at

quite a distance from it. This type replaces a combined footing and is

sometimes more economical.

e. Continuous footings support a row of three or more columns. They have

limited width and continue under all columns.

f. Raft, or mat, foundations consist of one footing, usually placed under the entire

building area, and support the columns of the building. They are used when

The soil-bearing capacity is low.


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Column loads are heavy.

Single footings cannot be used.

Piles are not used.

Differential settlement must be reduced through the entire footing system.

g. Pile caps are thick slabs used to tie a group of piles together and to support

and transmit column loads to the piles.

Properties of Footing in the Elysee Project:

Dimension: Varies

Strength: '

,28 30MPacf (Cylinder)

Steel yield strength of deformed bars: 390MPayf

Slump: 14 2cm

II.Construction of Reinforced Concrete Footing

The construction of footing has many steps. The below points are all of steps for

construction of footing.

1. Find and mark axis of piles

First of all, the surveyors need to find and mark axis of piles. We do that because we

don’t want incorrect when we hummer or oppress pile in soil. If it is incorrect, it is so difficult

to remove it. So it is a job that needs high attention.

2. Hummer or Oppress piles

When we have axis of piles already, the after job is hummer or oppress pile. In is job,

we can use oppress machine to oppress piles in the soil when the soil is not hard enough. For

contract, if the soil is so hard, we use hummer machine to hummer piles in the soil. The

oppress machine is faster and have less error than hummer machine.

3. Digging the Soil

After we hummer or oppress piles in the soil already, then we need to dig the soil out.

We do that because we want to limit the shape and the elevation of the pile cape.

4. Cutting head piles

After we dig already, we need to cut the head of piles. We do that because we want

make all of head’s piles have the same element that easy to make the pile cape.

5. Casting Lean Concrete

After we cut the head’s piles already, we need to cast the lean concrete. Lean concrete

have many advantages. It makes the worker easy walk and work.

6. Installing of formwork

The surveyor needs to mark the axis of the formwork.

We clean the structures and formwork that pile cape can be better of resistance.

The formworks can cover by ointment with little chemical production for

making smoothly. So it might be easy when we want to ruffle and don’t allow

leaking water from the formworks. It can help to fix for the water can’t across

to outside.

Then the formwork is craned by crane to keep at axis. It is craned one by one.

After then, we use steel to connect them together.

Furthermore, we need to gravity or probe 3 sides or 4 sides. We do that

because we want them to straight. We can approve if they have approximately

only 5mm of tilting.

Then we use reinforcements to tighten them together.

We mark the elevation that we want to cast arrive.


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After we install it already, the inspector comes to check. They straight or not. It

is according to code or not.

When they are correct, QS will order concrete to cast.

7. Installing of Reinforcement of the pile cape

We use 25 diameter of the main bar. We install it according to code that the designer

has limit.

After we install reinforcement already, the inspector will come to check our installing.

If it is wrong, we will repair it again. If it is correct by code, the installing of reinforcement is

finish.

8. Cast the Concrete

The concrete is not mix at site. They are mix already at company of concrete. We can

order lot of kind of concrete according to slump and strength. Thus, before we cast concrete,

we always check the slump. Then, we take some of concrete to test strength by calendric.

After the slump is correct, then the concrete is casted.

We use the vibration for compaction. We compact it by one layer to one layer.

We cast it until arrive the marking.

9. Remove and Cure the Pile cape

After We casted 3 or 4 days, we will remove the formwork out of column. Then we

will see that reinforced concrete of column is good or bad. It is good mean that it is not break

or steel is not out of concrete. It is bad mean that it is not break or steel is out of concrete.

Thus, if it is bad, we can develop it or fight it and cast again. But if it is good, we can cure by

use sack that wet to cover it. We do that because we want to give water to it for protect

evaporation that because it crack by shorten volume.

10. Put the water Proof

Pile cape is the structure that always locates in the soil. Thus it always affect by water

that infiltrate to it. If the water can infiltrate in it, the steel will rust that because the strength

will down. So we need to protect the water don’t come in it. The water proof is so important

to protect the infiltrate to our pile cape.

Figure II.1: Oppressing Pile Figure II.2: Digging the Soil


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Figure II.8: Testing slump Figure II.7: Pile cap after pouring and remove

formwork

Figure II.3: Cutting the head pile Figure II.4: Installing the formwork

Figure II.5: Installing the reinforcement Figure II.6: Casting the concrete


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CHAPTER III: LEAN CONCRETE

I. Generalization

The Lean Concrete is a surface of concrete structure that situated under all of

structural element such as ground slab, pile cap or all structure that connected to soil. Lean

Concrete is cleaner between sedimentary and soil. So when are putting of lean that we are put

which chemical substances and plastics.

Using material such as machine vibration, sand, formwork, crushed stone, water,

cement and plastics.

Furthermore, lean is supporter on charges none only permanence but it can a variable,

and supporter due to beam that be binding on the columns. Lean is has a thickness 50mm with

concrete that we create this floor for stocker of merchandises, equipment so on.

II. Construction of Lean Concrete

The construction of lean is the same from slab that mean another slabs are equivalent

first floor or second floor. But it is little a bit difference of the formworks:

Dimension of lean concrete in site The Elysee are:

Thickness: 50mm

Slump : 14 ± 2 cm

No Reinforcing

In this site Lean Concrete use two types: under pile caps and basement slab.

A. Soil/Sand Compaction and Leveling

After Foundation work (cutting piles and pile capes) we prepared to fill up and to level

the soil by using Mini Roller that follow plan of project and level that define by group of

surveyors.

Figure III.1: Soil Compaction and Leveling


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B. Installation of formwork:

The formwork are installed only the sides. Then, we are putting the chemical

substances is protected insects. We use formwork with wooden.

C. Pouring Concrete on Sand:

We are putting the sand on coarse

Compacted soil/sand follow level that define by plan by

using machine mini roller and by water

Utilization chemical products for protecting of insects.

Cover by using the plastics with one day

Mini roller compacts on the sand

D. Lean Concrete

We are following this step that’s correct all sites. They are always acquire the

concrete products come from other companies. Thus, when site orders concrete from

company it is easy to pouring and gains the money and times. So it is convenience of pouring

concrete directly in the site. During Lean Concrete, we used to use machine for a display of

great splendor and magnificence. Our concretes that are from part to part with slope of the

Figure III.3: Pouring Lean Concrete

Figure III.2: Formwork for Lean Concrete with thickness 50mm


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plat. Utilization of vibrator did not actually forgotten due to it has very important of

compacter in concrete and makes a concrete is homogeneous for reinforce the resistance of

pouring Lean Concrete. Lean Concrete have created by keep up the stocker something, so we

are using a type of chemical products for protecting on only moreover can make a concrete is

smooth and beauty of Lean Concrete.

The part of chemical product is liquid mean that very important for making a concrete

easy to compaction and homogeneity. After that, concrete is lately insensitive, we use another

machine for compaction again. Lastly, when concrete has an unimpressionable with stone and

sand, we need to protect of the rain or something that across it. For method protection of rain,

we can use the plastic for cover on the Lean Concrete.

Figure III.4. Lean concrete under basement slab and pile cap after pouring


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CHAPTER IV: REINFORCED CONCRETE BASEMENT SLABS

I. Generalization

Basement concrete slabs are constructed to provide flat surfaces, usually horizontal, in

building floors, and other types of structures. The basement slab may be supported by the

ground. The depth of a basement slab is usually very small compared to its span.

When we are putting of slab that we are put which reinforce concrete and putting the

steels 25mm, and wire for tie. Using material such as machine vibration, versing meter, and

steels so on.

Furthermore, basement slab is stayed on the soil, if lean concrete layer is considered as

part of basement slab. In addition to drainage, a waterproofing or damp-proofing membrane

must be laid or applied to the construction.

Dimension of Slabs are:

Thickness 500mm

Strength 30MPa (Cylinder)

Slump 14+2cm

II. Conception of Designing Reinforced Concrete Basement Slab

The condition under which the moment coefficients for continuous beams and slabs

should be used can be summarized as follows:

Spans are approximately equal: Longer span ≤ 1.2 (shorter span).

Loads are uniformly distributed.

The ration (live load and dead load) is less than or equal to 3.

For slabs with spans less than or equal to 3.3m, negative banding moment at

face of all supports is (1/12) Wu l2

n.

For an unrestrained discontinuous end at A, the coefficient is 0 at A and

(+1/11) at B.

Shearing force at C is (1.15 Wu ln /2) and at the face of all the support is (Wu ln

/2).

Mu = (Coefficient) (Wu l2n) and ln= Clear span.

III. Construction of Slabs

The construction of basement slab is the same from lean, but it is little a bit difference

of the formworks:

A. Installation of Formwork

The formworks are installed as whole side. Then, we are putting the steels of 25mm,

and tie of wire. Put the both steels between top and bottom. We use formwork with wooden.

B. Pouring Reinforced Concrete of Slabs

We are preparing the waterproofing or damp-proofing membrane.

We are putting the formworks at the whole side.

Using sponge for putting into the hole formwork for protection the leakage of

concrete.


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water stop

C. Installation of Framework with Steel

After we have installed formwork of basement already, it is very important that we can

put the steel with respective in the plan. Then, before we are putting steel in the basement

slab, we must specify detail of calculation. All steel are haute adherence. The framework with

steel were punch there are two layers with bar and haute couture are allowed for designing.

The steels, we did choose already mean that’s correct with plan and site. Tie of the steels are

directly put in plane on the Site. We ought to keep a higher 5cm that is for supporting and

protecting of the part tortuous.

We are putting the bottom steel layer first before the second steel layer by

using the chair bar for support the top bar layer, too.

Checking of elevation slab’s thickness (using the level machine).

The point that is very important is must punch and put are plumbing systems.

D. Reinforcement of Slabs

We are allowing this step that’s correct all of site. They are always acquire the

concrete products come from other companies. Thus, when site order reinforced concrete

from company it is easy to pouring and gains the money and time. So it is convenience of

pouring concrete directly in the site. During Reinforced Concrete of Basement Slab, we used

to use machine for a display of great splendor and magnificence. Our concrete is from part to

part with slope of the plat. Utilization of vibrator did not actually forgotten due to it has very

important of compacter in concrete and makes a concrete is homogenize for reinforce the

resistance of pouring Reinforced Concrete of Basement Slab.

Figure IV.1: Waterproofing

Figure IV.4: Chair bar for save spacing from

bottom bar to top bar of basement slab Figure IV.3: Installing steel slabs

Figure IV.2: Water stop


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Reinforced Concrete of Basement Slab has created by keep up the stocker something,

so we are using a type of steel products for preventing of tortuous in the structure, on only

moreover can make a reinforced concrete is smooth and beauty of Reinforced Concrete of

Basement Slab.

The part of steels products are types of beauty of steels mean that very important for

making a reinforced concrete easy to compaction and homogeneity. After that, reinforced

concrete is poured in this slab so before pouring we need test slump of reinforced concrete

whatever we are appropriately received from company.

Figure IV.6: Pouring concrete

Figure IV.7: Testing Hummer

Figure IV.5: Polish Surface of Concrete

Figure IV.8: Wet Burlap


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CHAPTER V: REINFORCED CONCRETE BASEMENT WALLS

I.Generalization

Basement walls in buildings may be designed as propped cantilever walls subjected to

earth pressure and vertical loads. This case occurs only if the first-floor slab has been

constructed.

A surcharge of 9.576×10-5MPa may be adopted. When the wall only has been built on

top of the basement floor slab, the wall will be subjected to lateral earth pressure with no

vertical loads except its own weight. The wall in this case acts as a cantilever, and adequate

reinforcement should be provided for a cantilever wall design. This case can be avoided by

installing the basement and the first-floor slabs before backfilling against the wall.

In addition to drainage, a waterproofing or damp-proofing membrane must be laid or

applied to the external face of the wall.

II. Conception of Designing Reinforced Concrete Basement Wall

The ACI Code, Chapter 11, provides methods for bearing wall design. The main

requirements are as follows:

1. The minimum thickness of bearing walls is 1/25 the supported height or length,

whichever is shorter, but not less than 10cm.

2. The minimum area of the horizontal reinforcement in the wall is 0.0025bh, where bh is

the gross concrete wall area. This value may be reduced to 0.0020bh if no. 5 or smaller

deformed bars with fy ≥ 413.685MPa are used. For welded wire fabric (plain or

deformed), the minimum steel area is 0.0020bh.

3. The minimum area of the vertical reinforcement is 0.0015bh, but it may be reduced to

0.0012bh if no. 5 or smaller deformed bars with fy ≥ 413.685MPa are used. For welded

wire fabric (plain or deformed), the minimum steel area is 0.0012bh.

4. The maximum spacing of the vertical or the horizontal reinforcing bars is the smaller of

46cm. or three times the wall thickness.

5. If the wall thickness exceeds 25cm., the vertical and horizontal reinforcement should be

placed in two layers parallel to the exterior and interior wall surfaces, as follows: For

exterior wall surfaces, at least 1/2 of the reinforcement As (but not more than 2/3As)

should have a minimum concrete cover of 5cm. but not more than 1/3 of the wall

thickness. This is because the exterior surface of the wall is normally exposed to

different weather conditions and temperature changes.

For interior wall surfaces, the balance of the required reinforcement in each direction

should have a minimum concrete cover of 2cm. but not more than 1/3 of the wall thickness.

III. Construction Technics in Site:

A. Installation of Formwork

There is the type of formwork:

Formwork with of wooden

We lie of formwork with wooden in using the nails. During construction of beams, we

have installed like supports slaps of the building .But in this site, we use only formwork

wooden.


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B. Pouring Reinforced Concrete of Basement Walls

We are preparing the waterproofing or damp-proofing membrane.

We are putting the formworks at the whole side.

Using sponge for putting into the hole formwork for protection the leakage

of concrete.

C. Installation with steels

After we have installed formwork at the side already, it is very important that we can

put the steel with respective in the plan. Then, before we are putting steel in the basement

wall, we must specify detail of calculation. All steel are haute adherence. The framework with

steel were punch there are two layers with bar and haute couture are allowed for designing.

The steels, we did choose already mean that’s correct with plan and site. Tie of the steels are

directly put in plane on the Site. We ought to keep a higher 5cm that is for supporting and

protecting of the part tortuous.

We are putting the exterior steel layer first before the interior steel layer.

Checking the thickness of Basement Wall.

The point that is very important is must punch and put are waterproofing or

damp-proofing membrane systems.

D. Reinforcement of Basement Walls

For Basement Wall, we are allowing this step that’s correct all of site. They are always

acquire the concrete products come from other companies. Thus, when site order reinforced

concrete from company it is easy to pouring and gains the money and time. So it is

convenience of pouring concrete directly in the site. During Reinforced Concrete of Basement

Wall, we used to use machine for a display of great splendor and magnificence. We have done

it during the Basement Columns.

Install with steel

Water Stop

Figure V.1: Installing steels and Water stop of basement wall


15

CHAPTER VI: REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN

I. Generalization

Column is an element vertical that supports all of element of the building such: slaps,

beam, roofs and material use in building. It is strength with compression, traction, and

bending. The more general terms compression members and member subjected to combined

axial load and bending are sometimes used to refer to column.

It is very important material that uses for transmitting all loads from building to pile

cape. Column has many shapes like: rectangular, cycle, and square. The cross-sectional

dimensions of columns are generally considerably less than its height.

Column has two types are long column or slender column and short column.

Short column is the column that have ratio of effect length to the least lateral

dimensions of the column is less than 12 or we can say when the ratio of effective length to

the least radius of the gyration is less than 45. For contrast, long column or slender column is

the column that when the ratio of the effective length to the least radius of gyration is greater

than 45.

II. Construction of Reinforcement concrete column

A. Installing steel in column

After we install pile cape already, we will have some reinforcements that we install

from the bottom of the pail cape. Then we will take transversal reinforcements to keep in

them in order to making easy to use when we apply longitudinal reinforcement or main bar.

After that, we take longitudinal reinforcement to connect with them. After we install already

according to plan, then transversal reinforcements are installed. At my site, I use diameter of

main bar and stirrup . .

Column properties:

Dimension : Varies

Strength: 35 MPa ( cylinder)

Slump: 14±2 cm

B. Installation of the formworks

After we instill reinforcement already, then the inspector come to check. If the

reinforcement is correct by code. Then the surveyor will project to find axis of formwork.

After we have axis of formwork, the formworks will make already at site. They can be use

wooden and steel.

First, we clean the structures and formwork that column can be better of

resistance.

The formworks can cover by ointment with little chemical production for

making smoothly. So it might be easy when we want to ruffle and don’t allow

leaking water from the formworks. It can help to fix for the water can’t across

to outside.

Then the formwork is craned by crane to keep at axis. It is craned one by one.

After then, we use steel to connect them together.

1025


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Furthermore, we need to gravity or probe 3 sides or 4 sides. We do that

because we want them to straight. We can approve if they have approximately

only 5mm of tilting.

Then we use reinforcements to tighten them together.

We mark the elevation that we want to cast arrive.

After we install it already, the inspector comes to check. They straight or not. It

is according to code or not.

When they are correct, QS will order concrete to cast.

C. Pouring Concrete

The concrete is not mix at site. They are mix already at company of concrete. We can

order lot of kind of concrete according to slump and strength. Thus, before we cast concrete,

we always check the slump. Then, we take some of concrete to test strength by calendric.

After the slump is correct, then the concrete is casted.

We use the vibration for compaction. We compact it by one layer to one layer.

We cast it until arrive the marking.

D. Removing and curing reinforcement concrete of column

After We casted 3 or 4 days, we will remove the formwork out of column. Then we

will see that reinforced concrete of column is good or bad. It is good mean that it is not break

or steel is not out of concrete. It is bad mean that it is not break or steel is out of concrete.

Thus, if it is bad, we can develop it or fight it and cast again. But if it is good, we can cure by

use sack that wet to cover it. We do that because we want to give water to it for protect

evaporation that because it crack by shorten volume.


17

E. Pictures about Processes of Column Work

Figure VI.3: Make rough

surface Figure VI.1: Instilling

reinforcement Figure VI.2: Instilling formwork

Figure VI.6: Caste concrete Figure VI.5: Keeping for test Figure VI.4: Test slump

Figure VI.8: Open Formwork Figure VI.7: Curing Column


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CHAPTER VII: REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

I. Generalization

The reinforced concrete beams are studying the sections of the best one resistance of

flexion, and it can support horizontal endorsement with wooden, metals, and reinforced

concrete. Beams are reinforced element of the building that can apply directly the vertical.

The reinforced concrete beams can support by columns and wall. So principle beam could be

support of adjoining beams.

Properties of Beams in Project The Elysee:

Dimension :(varied)

Strength : 30MPa (Cylinder)

Slump : 14+2cm

II. Conception of Designing Reinforced Concrete Beams

For analysis and design of a structural member may be regarded as the process of

selecting the proper materials and determining the member of dimension such that the design

strength is equal or greater than required strength.

Beams are design an assumptions such as strain in concrete is the same as in

reinforcing bars at the same level, provided that the bond between the steel and concrete is

adequate. Strain in concrete is linearly proportional to the distance from the neutral axis. The

modulus of elasticity of all grades of steel is Es = 200000 MPa. Plane cross-sections continue

to be plane after bending. Tensile strength of concrete shall be neglected in axial and flexural

calculations of reinforced concrete. Maximum usable strain at extreme concrete compression

fiber shall be assumed equal to εs = 0.003.

1. Design Section

This beam is T sections with compression reinforcement that is used when:

Beam dimension are limited by architecture

To reduce long term deflection

Hold stirrups to resist shear

But two cases of doubly concrete reinforcement are considered:

When compression steel yields

When compression steel does not yield.

2. Advantages

This beam is created by construction for reinforcement steels of columns so that

foundation of building has a lot floors. Therefore, before pouring to foundation we should be

thought of the quality soil. After we had done foundation that we go on applies the columns.

When columns are finishing that it can be applies to beam very important because it can

support the slab and everything that stocks.

Beams are very important of the buildings that can distributions of the charges as a

whole building. Furthermore, beam is distributed by humongous on each beam of the

building. Therefore, it is excellence method in among another that can prevent improved

beam of building by the columns.


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III. Structural Installation of Beams

After we have the foundation and columns, we can commence to construct of principle

beams and sub-beams. All of steels structure that has the transversal and longitudinal steels is

prepared in the site. After we have done installation steels in the principle beams and sub-

beam that are correct positions as following to projectors that given the plans of principle

beam and sub-beam. Moreover, workers are tying all of structures in each beam. It has the

same bloc tie of structural concrete for structural correcting and the formworks. Then, the site

engineer does observe the works and installation of the structure, finding some errors for do

again or remove to tie steels and putting of longitudinal steels, tie transversal before pouring

of the reinforced concrete.

A. Installation of Formworks

There is the type of formwork:

Formwork with of wooden

We lie of formwork with wooden in using the nails. During construction of beams, we

have installed like supports slaps of the building .But in this site, we use only formwork

wooden.

Figure VII.1: Formworks of beam connect to slab

Figure VII.2: Installing formworks of beam


20

B. Putting of beam’s steel Reinforcement

We are putting of beam’s steel reinforcement the both between top bars and bottom

bars. Let just say top bars and bottom bars are related to the main bars, so these bars we can

add one more bars in that can call temperature bars. Very important points that we don’t

forget is when connecting bars, about measure is 40 of dimension multiple of the section.

Where link connection is top bars don’t connecting nearly column and for linking connection

is bottom bars don’t connecting direct in the middle point beam structural.

That why can not to connect nearly column about main bars mean top bars, because of

those points are doing the moment too, so we can’t to connect initial of beams. That why we

can’t to connect middle point of beam structure about bottom bar. Because bottom bars are

doing the moment.

Actually, we must put the temperature bars cause this bars very important that it can

be prevented the compression nearly columns.

Figure VII.3: Installing steels of beams out of formwork

Figure VII.4: Steel of beam put into formwork after installation


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CHAPTER VIII: SECURITIES AND CONCLUSION

I. Security of Site

The security of site is prepared obligations for life. The process of work is peaceful

places without high risk of accidents and dangers. Therefore, site manager has a higher

responsibility and control us every time but also have an individual responsibility. Actually,

site is the best place that makes me have a reality for obtaining better securities as following:

We must do the auto barriers of site for a voiding all of risk and all of people

in site.

There are engineer securities in the site.

The engines of site are good controlling.

The hates, gloves, jackboots, and belts are distributed of cover during engineer

of scraps and the site reinforced concrete.

The scaffolds are auto good installation of site for avoiding of the chutes and

choosing of horizon in the site.

Connecting of tubes around the building

Store for keeping of tools

Figure VIII.1: Warning signal before go into site

Figure VIII.2: Barrier for protect falling down something out of site


22

Figure VIII.5: Using Belt security, Using Boots and Hat security during working

Figure VIII.3: Camera security site office and Fire extinguisher in site

Figure VIII.4: Hygiene System for workers in site


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II. Conclusion

During two and half months, for internship makes us know better about school lessons

and we can obtain a lot of experiences and knowledge in site as following:

Read plan of structure

Work on the columns, lean concrete, principle beams, adjoining beams, slabs

and especially reinforced concrete.

Management works in site as:

Manage of number workers size in working and times

Manage of materials for working

Resolution of problems that are obstacle in working

Supply and keep on the materials

Knowing of means for finding in site and for doing works.

We trained for two month in our vocation MEGA ASSET

MANAGEMENT.CO.,LTD. All days in the maintenance practices in the generator field

make us know what real work besides just realize the theories. In our internships, most of our

work is working on the field and study about the technology of building construction. We can

achieve some what We do not know before. We are very happy that we can successfully

complete this internship for two and half months.

Figure VIII.6: Some Warning Signal for workers in site


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APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: standard hooks use in site of project the Elysee

APPENDIX B: Standard spacing limits for reinforcements


25

APPENDIX C: Standard of concrete protection for reinforcement


26

APPENDIX D: Standard development length of Bars


27

APPENDIX E: Standard of lap splice length


28

APPENDIX F: Standard Bar Arrangement


29


30


31


32

APPENDIX G: Standard of Slab and Wall


33


34


35

REFERENCES

1. Structural Concrete, Theory and Design, Sixth Edition. Nadim Hassoun, South Dakota

State University, Akthem Al-Manaseer, San Jose State University, 2015

2. Reinforcement Concrete Mechanics & Design six edition )

3. An ACI Standard, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318M-

14) and Commentary (ACI 318RM-14),Reported by ACI Committee 318

4. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318M-05) and

Commentary (ACI 318RM-05),Reported by ACI Committee 318

5. Ouvrages en Beton Arme,Technologie du Batiment-Gros Oeuvre,H. Renaud.

6. Foundation Analysis and Design, Joseph E. Bowles, P.E., S.E fifth edition.

CONTRACTOR :

THE ELYSEE

PILE CAPS PLAN 3.1 & 3.2

SCALE 1:450

70

2.4

0

40

50

10

0

2.00

50

1.7

0

50

1.00

1.00

2.4

0

2.4

02

.4

0

40

50

1.0

0

2.00

50

2.4

0

1.00

1.00

3.4

03

.8

0

5.5

0

7.2

0

1.7

0

7.2

0

BASEMENT WALL & B2 DETAIL 1:50

6-11-2014

Mr.Vong Sokun

SCALE

DRAWING NO.

FILE :

DATE: TOTAL

APPROVED:

CHECKED:

DRAWN:

DRAWING TITLE:

DATEREVISIONS

SANITARY ENGINEERS

Mr.Ra Boreyvuth

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS

MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS

ARCHITECTS

CONSTRUCTION

Phnom Penh

WORKING DRAWING

-

PROJECT MANAGER

Cambodia

Mr.Yin Virak

-

Mr.Ky Piseth

FOR CONSTRUCTION

Mr.Ky Piseth

Mr.Ky Piseth

Mr.Touch Samnang

DEPUTY CEO (OCIC)

Mr.Ra Boreyvuth

KEYPLAN

Mr.Tieng Samphors

MEGA ASSET MANAGEMENT

Mr.Hok Bunleang

Mr.Tieng Samphors

JOB NO.

Phnom Penh Cambodia

.\Koh Pich.bmp

OWNER

THE ELYSEE

Mr.Souk Daravuth

S:047

BASEMENT WALL , B2 DETAIL

SCALE 1:50

11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

9 9 9 9 910 10 10 10 10

9 9 9 9 910 10 10 10 10

9

10

10

10

99

11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

24 24 24 24 2423 23 23 23 23

24

23

23

24

24

23

24 24 24 24 2423 23 23 23 23

SECTION A-A

1000

600

25

19DB10@150

27

19DB10@150

28

19DB10@150

29

19DB10@150

C35, 34DB25+26DB20

SECTION C-C

1000

25

3DB10@150

27

3DB10@150

28

3DB10@150

29

3DB10@150

25

19DB10@150

100

1

0

0

940

540

940

5

4

0

27

19DB10@150

100

1

0

0

777

540

777

5

4

0

28

19DB10@150

100

1

0

0

289

540

289

5

4

0

29

19DB10@150

100

1

0

0

940

375

940

3

7

5

600

11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

9 9 9 9 910 10 10 10 10

9 9 9 9 910 10 10 10 10

9

10

10

10

99

SECTION B-B

1000

600

25

23DB10@150

27

23DB10@150

28

23DB10@150

29

23DB10@150

26

19DB10@150

26

23DB10@150

26

3DB10@150

26

19DB10@150

80

8

0

940

BEAM 1B8

(400x800)

50

5S

TR

+1LIN

K-20D

B10@

150

50

800

2850

3100

COLUMN DETAIL C35 (GRID 05, 06 & C63~67, C71~C73)

1200

1000

400

1000

1000

11 34DB25

10 13DB25

9 13DB25

24 13DB20

23 13DB20

1000

23 13DB20

3000

24 13DB20

4000

11 34DB25

1050

1

5

4

6802

10 13DB25

1050

1

5

4

5552

9 13DB25

1050

1

5

4

4552

CONST

JOINT

0.50 +

6.70 -

05

B1 SLABB1 SLAB

50

5S

TR

+1LIN

K-23D

B10@

150

3.10 -

250

3300

25

150

8000

25

150

6750

25

150

5750

A A

CONST

JOINT

C C

B B

4100

7200

50

06

CONTRACTOR :

THE ELYSEE

Report technology-in-costruction-site-the-élysée-from-mam-to-itc

Engineering

Transcript of Report technology-in-costruction-site-the-élysée-from-mam-to-itc