periodic table presenaion

8/14/2019 periodic table presenaion

1/26

The Periodic Table

Chapter 6


2/26

Why is the Periodic Table

important to me?The periodic table

is the most useful

tool to a chemist.You get to use it

on every test.

It organizes lotsof informationabout all theknown elements.


3/26

Pre-Periodic Table

Chemistry was a mess!!!

No organization of

elements. Imagine going to a

grocery store withno organization!!

Difficult to findinformation.

Chemistry didnt

make sense.


4/26

History of the Periodic

Table By the late-1800s, many

elements in the earths

crust, oceans, and air hadbeen discovered

As the number of known

elements increased,scientists began to deviseways to classify the

elements in useful ways


5/26

Dmitri Mendeleev

Father of the Periodic Table Mendeleev is

considered thefather of the Periodic

Table

1868 - Arranged theknown elements inorder of increasing

atomic mass Noticed that similar

properties ofelements appeared

at regular intervals


6/26

Howd He Do That?Mendeleev and Periodic Solitaire

Mendeleev began organizing the knownelements by first writing everythingthat was known about an element on indexcards

He began placing the elements in order ofincreasing atomic weight

groups began to form that had similar

properties Where gaps occurred, Mendeleev predicted

the existence of new elements and theirproperties

Mendeleev was right three of the elements


7/26

Mendeleevs Original TableHow is it different from the one we usetoday?


8/26

Henry Mosley

Developed Modern Periodic Table

1911 Rearranged tableaccording to increasing

atomic number; clearedup Mendeleevsmistakes

Developed concept of

atomic numbers afterRutherford discoveredthe proton

Remember, atomicnumber = #


9/26

Periodic Law

When placed in increasing atomicnumber, elements have a

predictable chemical and physicalbehavior

It is the electron configuration that

determines an elements behaviorThe periodic table is arranged so

that elements with similar

properties fall in the same column


10/26

Periodic Table

Terminology Group elements in a column of

the periodic table

There are 18 groups

Groups are sometimes calledfamilies

Period elements in the same rowof the periodic table

There are 7 periods


11/26

Families on the Periodic

Table Columns are also

grouped into families.

Families may be onecolumn, or severalcolumns puttogether.

Families have namesrather than numbers.(Just like your family

has a common lastname.


12/26

12

Periodic Table

Note: Two methods for numbering; we will use 1A,Note: Two methods for numbering; we will use 1A,

2A, etc.2A, etc.


13/26

13

Metals, Nonmetals, andMetalloids

The heavy zigzag line

separates metals and

nonmetals.

Metals are locatedto the left.

Nonmetals arelocated to the right.

Metalloidsare

located along theheavy zigzag linebetween the metalsand nonmetals.


14/26

14

Metals shiny and ductile

good conductors of heat and electricity

Nonmetals dull, brittle, and poor conductors

good insulators

Metalloids better conductors than nonmetals, but

not as good as metals

used as semiconductors and insulators

Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids


15/26

Hydrogen

Hydrogen belongs toa family of its own.

Hydrogen is adiatomic, reactivegas.

Hydrogen wasinvolved in the

explosion of theHindenberg.

Hydrogen ispromising as an

alternative fuel


16/26

Alkali Metals

1st column on theperiodic table

(Group 1) notincludinghydrogen.

Very reactive

metals, alwayscombined withsomething else innature (like insalt).


17/26

Alkaline Earth Metals

Second columnon the periodic

table. (Group 2) Reactive metals

that are alwayscombined with

nonmetals innature.

Several of these

elements areim ortant mineral


18/26

Transition Metals

Elements ingroups 3-12

Less reactiveharder metals

Includes metalsused in jewelryand construction.

Metals used asmetal.


19/26

Boron Family

Elements in group13

Aluminum metalwas once rareand expensive,not a disposable

metal.


20/26

Carbon Family Elements in group14

Containselements

important to lifeand computers.

Carbon is the

basis for anentire branch ofchemistry.

Silicon and

Germanium are


21/26

Nitrogen Family Elements in group

15

Nitrogen makesup over of theatmosphere.

Nitrogen andphosphorus areboth important inliving things.

Most of theworlds nitrogen isnot available toliving things.


22/26

Oxygen Family or

Chalcogens Elements in group

16

Oxygen isnecessary forrespiration.

Many things that

stink, containsulfur (rotteneggs, garlic,

skunks,etc.)


23/26

Halogens

Elements in group17

Very reactive,volatile, diatomic,nonmetals

Always found

combined withother element innature .

Used as


24/26

The Noble Gases


25/26

The Noble Gases

Elements in group18

VERY unreactive,monatomic gases

Used in lightedneon signs

Used in blimps tofix theHindenberg

problem.


26/26

periodic table presenaion

Documents

Transcript of periodic table presenaion