The Periodic Table of Elements

The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table is Divided into Sections by Jagged Red Line!

• Metals – left of red line• Nonmetals – right of red line• Metalloids – touch TWO

SIDES of red line– Notice there are Exceptions:

– Hydrogen

– Aluminum

– Polonium

• Metals• Nonmetals• Metalloids

Color-code your periodic table!Metals Nonmetals Metalloids

Time for a Lab!!

The Element Survey

Properties of…

Which is….

Shiny or Dull?

Bendable or Brittle?

Solids or Powders/Liquids?

Good or Poor Conductors?

Metals Nonmetals

Shiny (when polished)

Dull

Bendable Brittle

Solids Powders, Liquids, Gases

Good Conductors

Poor Conductors

The Periodic Table has rows and columns!

• The rows are called PERIODS.

• The columns are called GROUPS or FAMILIES.

Family

Period

Periods and Families are Numbered!

• Renumber your Families…• *Instructions in class!

• What element is found in Group2, Period 3?

• Magnesium

1

2

3

1 2

Groups/Families are Given Names

• Group 1– Alkali Metals

• Group 2– Alkaline Earth Metals

• Groups between 2 & 3– Transition Metals

• Group 3– Boron Family

• Group 4– Carbon Family

• Group 5– Nitrogen Family

• Group 6– Chalcogens

• Group 7– Halogens

• Group 8– Noble Gases

Elements are grouped in FAMILIES because they are RELATED!

• DEMO –

– Sodium

– Lithium

• Both react with water!

• TIME FOR A LAB!

The Periodic Table Lists ELEMENTS!!

• Each element has a square with information in it.

• Name

• Symbol

• Atomic NUMBER (number in upper right-hand corner)

• Atomic MASS (bottom)

Elements are IN ORDER by Atomic Number!

• Two rows at bottom– Lanthanide Series

– Actinide Series

• They’re pulled out so the table isn’t so wide.

• Why is the atomic number so great?

The Atomic NUMBER tells you the NUMBER OF PROTONS!

• NUMBER OF PROTONS = NUMBER OF ELECTRONS

How many protons are in an atom of Silver?

47

How many electrons?

47

So What Does the Atomic MASS tell you?

• The Atomic MASS is the MASS of the atom!

• What is the HEAVIEST part of the atom?

• Protons & Neutrons

(Electrons are nearly weightless)

• So, the MASS is the SUM of protons and neutrons.

What is the Atomic MASS of an atom of Silver?

108 (round up)

How many NEUTRONS are in one atom of Silver??

Mass – Protons = Neutrons

108 – 47 = 61

Atomic Mass

Let’s Practice A Few…

• How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are in ONE atom of Helium?

• Protons2

• Electrons2

• Neutrons2 (4 – 2 = 2)

What about for an atom of…

• Platinum?

• Protons

78• Electrons

78• Neutrons

117 (195 – 78 = 117)

How about…

• Uranium?

• Protons

92• Electrons

92• Neutrons

146 (238 – 92 = 146)

Can You Do a Tricky One?

• You found a sample of an element! With some careful testing, you determine there are 18 protons in each atom of the sample. What element did you find?

Argon!

• So, the number of protons (& electrons) DEFINES an element.

Review

• Why is the Periodic Table shaped so funny?

• In order by increasing Atomic Number

• Families• Metals/Nonmetals/

Metalloids• Bottom 2 rows pulled out• Space below Hydrogen

• Calculate protons, neutrons, & electrons for Lithium.