Families of the Periodic Table

The Periodic Table

Families of the Periodic Table:At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:

1. Name each region of the Periodic Table2. Name each family of the Periodic Table3. List at least 3 characteristics of each family

of the Periodic Table

Periods in the Periodic Table

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Regions of the Periodic Table

MetalsExtra electronsConductiveMalleable

DenseShinyDuctile

MetalloidsPartly conductive

Non-Metalsmissing electronsNon-ConductiveNOT MalleableDull

Groups in the Periodic Table

Elements in groups (families) react in similar ways!

Hydrogen

ElementsGas:

Hydrogen

Hydrogen (cont.)

Characteristics Low density Low melting point Non-metal qualities: brittle, non-conductor,

dull

Reacts w/ halogens to form acids Reacts w/ oxygen to form water

Group 1A: Alkali MetalsGroup 1A: Alkali Metals

Cutting sodium metal

Reaction of potassium + H2O

Alkali Metals

ElementsSolids:

Lithium

Potassium

Sodium

Rubidium

Cesium

Francium

Alkali Metals (cont.)

Characteristics Soft Dull silver color Low density Low melting point Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor,

malleable, ductile

Reacts w/ halogens to form salts Reacts w/ water to form strong alkaline

hydroxides

Magnesium

Magnesium oxide

Group 2A: Alkaline Earth Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

ElementsSolids

Beryllium

Magnesium

Calcium

Strontium

Barium

Radium

Alkaline Earth Metals (cont.)

Characteristics Soft Shiny silver color Low density Found naturally as a compound Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor,

malleable, ductile

Glow different colors Reacts w/ halogens to form ionic salts

Transition ElementsTransition Elements

Lanthanides and Actinides

(Inner Transitions)

Iron in air gives iron(III) oxide

Transition Metals

ElementsSolids

All “D-block” elements

Atomic numbers 21-30

39-48

57, 72-80

89, 104-112

Transition Metals (cont.)

Characteristics High density High melting / boiling point Good catalysts Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor,

malleable, ductile

Hard, tough & strong Silvery blue at room temperature Multiple oxidation states

Post-Transition Metals

ElementsSolids

Aluminum

Gallium

Indium

Tin

Thallium

Lead

Bismuth

Post Transition Metals (cont.)

Characteristics Relatively high density Salts Solids Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor,

malleable, ductile Not as reactive

Opaque color Malleable Oxidation numbers +3, +4, +5

Metalloids

ElementsSolids

Boron

Silicon

Germanium

Arsenic

Antimony

Tellurium

Polonium

Metalloids (cont.)

Characteristics Some shiny Some dull Some malleable, some not

Some ductile, some not Has properties of both metals and nonmetals Various oxidation numbers

Other Non-Metals

Gases

(Hydrogen)

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Solids

Phosphorus

Sulfur

Selenium

Carbon

Other Non-Metals (cont.)

Characteristics Non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-

conductor, etc. High ionization energy

High electronegativity Gain electrons easily Various oxidation numbers

Group 7A: The Halogens (salt makers)

F, Cl, Br, I, At

Group 7A: The Halogens (salt makers)

F, Cl, Br, I, At

Halogens

Solids

Iodine

Astatine

Liquids

Bromine

Gases

Fluorine

Chlorine

Halogens (cont.)

Characteristics

Only group in all 3 states of matter Highly reactive w/ alkali metals & alkaline earth

metals High electronegativity Non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-conductor,

etc.

Noble (inert) Gases Group #8 atomsP shell full Very non-reactive VERY happy

Group 8A: The Noble (Inert) Gases

He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

Group 8A: The Noble (Inert) Gases

He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

Lighter than air balloons

“Neon” signs Very Unreactive

because they have full electron levels

XeOF4XeOF4

Noble Gases

ElementsGases

Helium

Neon

Argon

Krypton

Xenon

Radon

Noble Gases (cont.)

Characteristics

Non-reactive Odorless Tasteless Colorless Nonflammable

Non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-conductor, etc.

Inner Transition Metals

ElementsSolids

All “F-block” elements

Atomic numbers 58-71

90-103

Inner Transition Metals (cont.)

Characteristics Most are manmade High melting points Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor,

malleable, ductile

Reactivity varies Usually bonded to

non-metals AKA: lanthanides &

actinides

New Elements

Elements

Atomic numbers 113 and on

New Elements

Characteristics All are manmade Some will have metal qualities: shiny, good

conductor, malleable, ductile

Some will have non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-conductor, etc.

Some will have qualities of both

Families of the Periodic Table:Let’s see if you can:

1. Name each region of the Periodic Table2. Name each family of the Periodic Table3. List at least 3 characteristics of each family

of the Periodic Table

Which pair of elements is MOST similar? Ca and F

Na and Cl

Ne and Ar

Li and H

Copper is an element that is used in electrical wires. What is the smallest unit of copper that still maintains the characteristics of copper?

the atom

the electron

the nucleus

the proton

Copper is an element that is used in electrical wires. What is the smallest unit of copper that still maintains the characteristics of copper?

the atom

the electron

the nucleus

the proton

The picture below shows three objects that can be classified in the same group. Which of the following statements is true for all three of these objects?

They are metals.

They rust rapidly.

They weigh the same.

They are the same color.

The picture below shows three objects that can be classified in the same group. Which of the following statements is true for all three of these objects?

They are metals.

They rust rapidly.

They weigh the same.

They are the same color.