Nightingale Health Journal (May - 2013)

7/28/2019 Nightingale Health Journal (May - 2013)

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Hippocrates u tzsm;udk avh vmcJ h NyD ; a&m*gvu© Pm w ckxuf a&m*gwcktjzpfom owf rSwf cJh w,f/ tyl wdk if ;ud &d

,mud k awmh Santorius u 1625 rS m BuH qwnf xG if cJ h w,f/ omrd k rDwmudk awmh okawoe ud&d ,mtjzpf Gabriel Fahrenheit

(1686-1736) ESif h Hermann

Boerhaave (1668-1738) wdkY yl; aygif; zef wD;cJ hw,f/ 18 &mpk tv,favmufr Sm aps;uGuf twG if ; omrd k rD wmawG 0,f vd k Y& cJ hw,f/

13 &mpk u Johannes Actu-

arius u rS efbD vl ;oH k;NyD ; qD ;ud k ppf aq;cJh w,f/ Harvey acwf

rS mawmh qD ;ud k Munf h ½I wJh tjyif t&omcH Munf h cJ h Muw,f/ ud k ,f cE¨ m&JU vQKd U0Suf csufud k &S mawG Y Edkifr,fvdkY pOf;pm;cJhMuw,f/Harvey u xd kodk Y vkyfaqmif

jcif;jzihf qD;xJoMum;"mwfeJY azma&mifjcif;udk a&m*gowf rSwfEdkifaMumif; rSwfwrf;wif cJ hw,f/

qD ;rS m tom;"mwf y½k d wd ef ; ygwmud k awmh Frederik Dekkers

(1644-1720) u yxrqH k ;azmf jy cJ h w,f/ od k Yaomf rnf ol urS t

od trSwf rjyKcJh/Richard Bright

(1789-1858) u xdktcsuf[m ausmufuyfa&m*gawGtwGuf ta&;BuD ;aMumif; wifjyrSom vuf cH vmcJh Muw,f/

yxr&mpkE Spfuwnf;uCelsus u vlemudk,ftav;

csdef eJ Y t&yftarmif ;wd k Yud k wd kif ; wm rSwfom;cJhaomfvnf; 20 &mpk a&muf rS om us,f us,f jyef Y jyef Yvuf cH toH k ;jyKvmMuw,f/

vlemar;jref;prf;oyfenf; &JU acwfopfuawmh Battista

Morgagani (1682-1771) &JU t ,l tqt& pwifvmygw,f/ ol ,lqcsuf uawmh a&m*gqdk wm udk,f t*Fgrsm;rSom xGuf ay:vmNyD; taMumif;&if;wck wnf;aMumifh ("mwfBuD ;av; yg;rrQ) qdkwmud k y,fvdkuf yg w,f/ 1761 rSm olYpmtkyf xG uf vmw,f/

Leopord Auenbrugger u 'DESpfxJrSmyJ vlemudk acguf MunfhNyD; prf ;oyfppf aq; a&m *g&S mazG enf;ud k wDxGif cJ h w,f/ &mpkESpf0uf avmuf 'D enf;[m wdrfjrKyf aeNyD; Jean Corvisart

(1755-1821) u 1808 rS m jyef vnf azmfxk wfcJh ygw,f/

ta&; Bu D;wJ hw dk ;wufrI aemufxyfwckuawmh Corvi-

sart &J U wynfh wOD ;jzpf wJ h Rene

Laennec(1781-1826) u q&m

0ef em;Muyf ud k 1816 rS m wD xG if cJhwmyJ/ yxr pay:wkef;u puúLrmrm tvd yfvd yf om jzpf NyD ; tqkwf a&m*geJ Y ESvH k ;a&m*g awG udk em;axmifjcif ;enf ;jzifh a&m* g& Smaz Ga&;twGu f t axmuf tul ay;cJ hygw,f/

vlem&i fbwfay: em;eJY

uyf NyD ; em;axmif wm vl emawG twG uf t&S uf &apovd k jzpf wJ h twGuf ,ck vdk enf;ynmawG ay:xGef ;vmwmuawmh tm;& p&m/ 'gudk awmf vSef aom &if bwfprf ;oyfenf;vd k Y ac:a0:cJ h Muw,f/ 1825 ckESpf a&muf awmh Willian Stokes (1804-78)

u q&m0efoHk; em;MuyftoHk ; jyKyHkudk yxrqHk; pmwrf;jyKpkcJh w,f/ prf;oyfenf ;&JU tusdK; aus;Zl;& SdyHkawGud kawmh Josef

Skodas (1805-81) u 1839

ckESpfrS m pmtkyfxkwfa0NyD;wJh tcsde fawGrSmawmh aq;ynm &SifawGtMum; pwuf odkpukyf toHk ;jyKrI acwfpm;vmygawmh w,f/

xd k uJ h od k Y wd k;wuf ajymif;vJ rIawG aMumif h aq;ynm&yf awG rS m tajymif ;tvJ awG jzpf vmyg w,f/

vlemukwifab; pmoif jcif ;uawmh Montanus (1498-

1552) u 1543 uwnf;u p wifcJhygw,f/ 17 &mpk rSm o

rm;awmf awG[m vl emud k udk ,f wdkifMunfhwm&Sm;w,f/ vuf axmuf rS wif jyvmwJ h a&m*g&m Z0ifud k em;axmifNyD; aq;uk cJh Muw,f/ Thomas Sydenham

(1624-89) u vlemukwifab; pmoif jcif ;acwf opf ud k pwif cJ h ygw,f/ ukowmuawmh oD tdk &DawG tay: tajcrcHbJ t awG YtBuH Kt&om uk ojcif ;jzpf w,f/ aemufyd kif ;rS mawmh od yÜH enf;uswJ h csOf ;uyfrIawG ay: vmygw,f/

jyifopfawmfvSefa&;tNyD; yJ&pf aq;½k Hu q&m0ef BuD ;awG jzp fwJh Morgagni, Corvisart,

Laennec eJY tjcm;olawG[m aq;ynmtajymif ;tvJ awGudk jzpf vmapcJ h w,f/ tod ynmt vif ;a&mif wd k ;wuf jcif ; 'óe t& yJ&pfaq;ausmif;u vl aoawG cGJpdwfppfaq;jcif;udk vlemawG&JU ½kyfydkif ;vu©Pm prf;oyfppfaq;jcif ;awGeJY yl; aygif ;avh vmcJ h Muw,f/ 'D aq; ausmif ;&J U enf ;emawG uk dRobe-

rt Graves (1796-1853) eJ YWilliam Stokes wdkY tvk yfvk yf

wJh Dublin rSm yxrqHk ; wdk if; jcm;EdkifiHtaejzif h toHk;j yKcJh Muw,f/

aemuf yd k if ;wG if vef 'ef rSm&Sd wJh Guy aq;½kHwG if Thomas

Addison (1798-1866) eJ Y Tho-

mas Hodgkin (1824-1911)

wdkYu ta&;BuD ;wJh wdk ;wufrI awGudk jzef Ya0ay;ygw,f/

1869 ckE Spf rSm Samuel

Wilks (1824-1911) u a&m*g aMumifh vufonf ;cG Htajymif; tvJ awGud k a&;om;cJh ygw,f/ tcktcsdeftxd 'Dvu©PmawG

[m ta&;Bu D;aeqJ jzp fyg w,f/

Carl Wunderlich ( 1815-77)

u tzsm;udk a&m*gwck tjzpf uae a&m*g&JUvu© Pmtjzpf od kY ,lqvmatmif Bud K;yrf;Edk if cJh w,f/

ZD 0ur®? a&m*gaA'? aq; 0g;aA'wdk Y&JU thHrcef;wdk ;wuf vmjci f;eJYtwl 19 &mpk t v,favmufrSm tEkZ D0aA' bmom&yf xGufay:vmjcif; awGaMumifh acwfopfuk oa&;

aq;ynmeJY "mwfcGJcef;aq;y nmawG zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufvmNyD; ,ck tcsd eftcg&JU tvsif tjref wd k;wufaeaom aq;ynmjzpf aeygNyD/

,ck acwf opf prf ;oyf enf ; awG [m t&ifu vlema&m*g &mZ0if,ljcif;eJ Y vl emprf;oyf enf;awGud k tajccHxm;wm awG Y&Sd Ed kif ygw,f/

'gawGuawmhLooking Munf hFeeling xdTapping

acgufListening em;axmif pwmawG ygyJ/ aq;ynmor dk if ;r Smom

awmfvSefaom tajymif;tvJ awG ray:vm&if *&d"mwfBuD; av;yg;vufcHrS aq;ausmif; wuf&? tzsm;qdkwm a&m*g? qD;ud k vQmeJYwdkYMunfhNyD; prf; ae&r,fh b0taetxm;awG pwmawGyJ &Sd aevdrfh r,f qdk wm awG ;Munfh Edk if ygw,f/

b,fae&mrqdk awmfvSef a&;u ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ t,l tqtaoawGtMum;u xdk; azmuf? tkyf pkzG J Yt,ltqtrS m; awG udk qkyf ud k ifxm;wJ hvlpk awG ud k tvk yf qd k wJ h awmf vS ef a&;eJ YyJ atmifjrif Edk if wm awG Y&aMumif ; aq;ynmordkif; wjzwf tjrif udk wifjyvdkuf &ygw,f/

a'guf wm wif haZmfOD ;(REF; Clinical Examination

by Nicholas and Simon

O’Connor)

* &d " m wf BuD ; a v ; yg ; rS o nf

acwfopfaq;ynmawmfvSefa&;ord kif;a'gufwmwifhaZmfOD;




ar;/ aq;rifaMumifeJ Y arG ;&mygtrS wfawG zsuf vk d Y&ovm;/ ajz/ a&S;tcgu qkdxkH;pum;jzpf wJh ]tdrf axmifrI? bk&m;wnf? aq;rif&nfpkwfxk d; þ 3 csuf rykdifvQif aemifjyifEkdifcuf onfh trsdK;} qk dwm rsuf arSmuf uGefjyLwm? tdkifwD? 'pf*spfw,facwf BuD ;xJ rS m tH h rcef ; wk d ;wuf aewJ h aq;ynmwk d ;wuf wD xG if rI? aq; ok awoe ukxk H;opfawGaMumif h jyifqif&awmh rS m jzpf ygw,f/

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tJ 'D arG ;&mygtrS wf (Oyrm) 0k d if t&uf eD a&mif? eD nd Ka&mif (PortWine Stain) pmeDtrSwfrsm;? aoG;aMumrQifrsm; csd KU,Gif;rI aMumifh

aoG;ajcO (Haemingiomas, Rosacea, Telengiectasia) qkd wmawG? trJ a&mif tuG uf trS wf awG uk d ck tcgrS m avqma&mif jcnf trsd K;rsd K; uk d tok H;jyKz,f&Sm; uk oEk dif NyD jzpfygw,f/

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awGok H;NyD ; z,f&Sm;EkdifygNyD/

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,lcJhMu&wmyg/ 'gayr,fh a&owå0gwrsdK;jzpfwJh a&jrif; (Sea

Horse) tzkd aumif uav;awG (owå avmutac: Hippocampus)

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aq;okawoDawG&JU Bud K;yrf;rIawGt& vlom;a,musfm;awG

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ajz/ owåavmurS m y#doaEwnf enf; trsdK;rsd K;eJY oaE¨wnf wJ h owå0grsm; (1)oHao'Zowå0g (2) Moygygwd Oyywf owå0g (3) *AÇ ao,su owå 0g/ trd 0rf ;Mumwk d uf ü ud ef ;atmif ;y#d oaE¨ aeaom owå 0grsm;xJrS m (u)t@Z owå0g? Muuf? bJ? iSuf? a>rwkdYvkd OcGH wGif;oaE¨ wnf BuD;xG m;wmeJ Y (c) ZvAk Zowå 0g rdcif om;td rfwGif ; oaE¨ wnfwJh vl? acG;? aMumif pwJ howå 0grsm; &,f vkdY Ak'¨tbd"r®musrf; tvkd t&&Sd NyD; zvAkZowå0g ac:wJh vl tygt0if owå 0gawG rS m zk d eJ Yrwk d Y aygif ;zuf &muae tzk d rsd K;aph? trrsdK;aphwkd Y aygif;pyfrI (Fertilization) uae oaE¨atmifrIjzpf NyD; oaE¨ atmif qJ vf (Zygote) Zk d if ;*k wf uae qJ vf awGtqif h qih f uG J NyD ; yxrqkH; ADZqJvfvTm (3)vTm (3 Germs Layer - Ectoderm,

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tyk d if ;trsd K;rsd K; jzpf vmEk d if wmaMumif h 'D rl vyxrjzpf wJ h qJ vf awG uk d

usef;rma&;? aq;ynmokw tajz&Sm

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awmfrsm;rsm;ukd pwif ukoaysmuf uif ;apEkdifNyD jzpf ygw,f/

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Theory

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qk dwmTaoism

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a'guf wmZD 0u

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Credit/Debit Card)

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aq;vd yftEÅ&m,f

``` pmrsufES m (4)rStquf

``` pmrsufES m (3)rStquf

1/ epfud kwif ;"mwf – pGJaponf/

2/ uwå &mtrIef trT m;rsm; –

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vl i, fawG vr f; rS m ;r

a&muf atmif wm;&r,fh tae txm;awGu odyfr&Sd/ vrf; ab; bD,mqdkifawGrSmawmif a,mus fm;aawGe JY &ifabmif wef ; xd k if aomuf aewwf wJ h qd k &S,ftxuf wef; aumifrav; awGudk awGYae&wJhwdkif ;jynf jzpfaeNyD/

olrsm;wd kif;jynfrSmu t &ufaomufwm toufue fY owf csuf &S d w,f vd k Y Mum;w,f/ 'D rSmawmhwcsdKUvl i,f av;awG aomufwwfaeNyD/ trl ;orm; awG rsm;vmr,f h taetxm;ud k udk;&D;,m; tusifhysuf½kyf&Sif um;awG u zef wD ;ay;aeovd k/ ig;yg;oDvqdkwm tvGwfr& awmh wJ hacwf jzpfvmNyD/

t&uf bD,maomufrS vl 0if qefYovdk cHpm;aeMuw,f/ pD;yGm;a&;orm;awGu ig;yGuf

&m ig;pmcs/ tck awmh Akdvf cdef qdk wJhig;uav; NrH§K;rd oGm;NyD/ aemuf rsd K;quf opf uav;

wcsd KU t&uf yif v,f xJ epf arsm aeMuNyD/

***

t&ufa&mif; pD;yGm;&Smol rsm; aumif;a&mif;aumif;0,f vkyf pm;Ed k ifaom acwf a&mufyg ap/ 'Drd kua&pD pD ;yGm;a&;pepf rsm; &Sif oef ygap/ vl om;wd k if;

ig;yg;oD v NrJ Muygap/ a'guf wm&S m; qk awmif ;ae

rdw,f/ aemuf uAsmav; w yk'f pyfrdw,f/

* t&uf a&oefY aMumf jimwmua&oef Y a&mif;wmu t&uf/ aomuf&if; uHprf;

uHprf;&if ; aomuf avmbrD ;awGawmuf/

* a&mif ;ol csrf ;om aomuf ol rG J jym aemuf tonf;em romjzpf/

* wd k ;wufaeaom wdk Y wdkif;Nynf t&uf qd kif awG aygvmonf/ vdk if pif awmif rvd k tdrfa&S UcHk cs qd kif jzpf oAs/

* aMomf Mur®mud k ,dk;&&if qd k ;wJ h vl awG BuD;yG m;wJh ajravvm;/

* Oya' b,f em;ykef ;ae ta&;,l oif hwmawG ta&;r,l rqlNyD ;a&m oabmawmfrsm; xm;avovm;/

a'guf wma&rD ;&S m;

a ' g u f w m a &

r D ; & S m ;

okn

pmrsufES m (11) odk Y ```




vl awG rqif jcif vk d Y 'D a&m*g awG jzpf &w,fvk dY ajymMuwm rsm;ygw,f/ 'gayr,f h >cif ;csuf awmh &Sdwmaygh/ qifjcif&uf om;eJ Y a&m*g&Muol awG vnf ;&S d w,f/ wu,f h tjzpf tysuf awG &Sd aeygw,f/ rqD rqkd if a&m*g awG&ovk d? od u©mvnf; us& wmaygh/

HIV

yk d;qkdNyD; aq;ppfcsuf xGufvmawmh wkefvIyfMuwm aygh/ raMumufwJholuawmh ukd,fh tjypfeJYukd,faygh/ rqif jcifvkd Y? rapmifh pnf ;vk dY? taysmf vGefvk dY jzpf Mu&wm/ urÇmay: rS m ckcH tm;usqif;wJ h av;vk H; a&m*g (AIDS) uk d aysmuf atmif ukoEkdifwJhaq;u ray:ao; bl;/ BudK;yrf ;azmfpyfMuwkef;yJ &Sdygao;w,f/ aoaocsmcsm av hv mMun hf &i f wu,f aMuuf p&maumif ;wJ h a&m*gyg/

'gayr,f h a&S UuqkdcJhovk d qif jcif &uf om;eJ Y uif ;&S if ;&uf om;eJ Y uH qk d ;rk d ;arS mif usNyD ; a&m *gul;puf cH&olawG vnf ; &Sdae w,f/ xl;qef;wmu od u©m&S d

ausmif;xkdi fq&mawmfwyg; ul ;puf cH &wmyJ/ jzpf pOf uk d rod wk ef;uawmh q&mawmf ukd t xif vG J wmaygh/ od u© mqk d wm t zwfq,f r&awmhbl ;/

tJ 'D jzpf &yf u &ef uk ef Nrd KU u rm&Gwf NrdKUe,frSm jzpfcJhwmyg/ q&mawmf &J U bG J YeJ Y ausmif ;wk d uf

emrnf uk d rajymoif h wmrk d Y rajym awmh ygbl ;/ q&mawmf vnf ; 'D a&m*geJ Y ysH vG ef awmf rl oG m;ygNyD/ tJ 'D jzpf &yf uk d rauseyf Ek d if wJ h q &m0e fwOD;u aoaocsmcsm avhvmcJh vkdY tjzpf rSefuk d od& wmyg/

jzpfpOf trSef u aMuuG Jp&m aumif;w,fvkdY ajym&rvm;? xl ;qef;w,fvk dY ajym&rvm;? uHqkd;w,fvkdYyJ ajym&awmhr vm;aygh/ jyóemtpuawmh armif armif cif qk d wJ h oabF mom; u pwmaygh/ armif armif u o abFmom;yDyD EkdifiHjcm;rSm ayGcJ h? ½I yf cJ h wmaygh/ aemuf qk H ;awmh u yÜvDrwa,mufqDu ul;puf vm/ jrefrmjynfukd jyefa&muf

awmh a&m*gu&if haeNyD/ o abF mukrÜ PDuod vkdY jyef vTwf vk d uf wm/

tJ 'D oabF mom; armif armif cifu jrefrmjynfa&mufawmh a&m*g&ifhaewJhtwGuf aozkdY rsm;aeNyD/ 'Dvkd HIV yk d;&Sd ol a&m *gwck ck jzpf &if cH Ek d if &nf r&S d awmh

bl;/ acsmif;q kd;&ifvnf ; r aysmuf awmh bl;/ zsm;&ifvnf; tzsm;u rusawmhbl;/ 0rf; oGm;&ifvnf ; r&yfawmhbl ;/ armifarmifcifu aocgeD;rSm aemif wawG &vmw,f/ b0ul ; aumif; atmif tvSL'geawG vk yfw,f/ &[ef;0wfNyD ; om oemhabmifrSmaezkdY qkH ;jzwf cJh w,f/ 'gaMumif h ol aewJ h urm &G wf Nrd KUe,f u bk ef ;BuD ;ausmif; wausmif ;rS m &[ef ;0wf zk d Y pD pOf w,f/ q&mawmfeJ Y r&if;ESD;ay r,fh vSLr,fhtp DtpOfawGuk d awmh q&mawmfu cGif hjyK cJh w,f/ bmaMumifh ouFef ;0wf &w,fq kdwmvnf; rpyfpkcJ h bl;/

'D vk d eJ Y armif armif cif &[ef ; 0wf zkd Y qH csuwkH ;&dwf wmaygh/ armif armifcif h rd ef ;ruawmh t wGif;odjzpfaeawmh rsuf&nf xdef;v kdYr&bl;/ 'DckcHtm;us qif;wJha&m*geJY ola,musfm; vlYjynfrSm MumMumrae&awmh bl;qkdwm odw,f/ ckvkd uk okdvfaumi f;r Ivkyfaewmukd

MunfEl;yDwd jzpf ayr,f h 0rf; enf;rIuk d zkH;uG,fvkdY r&wm awmh trSefyg/

tJ 'D HIV yk d ;&S d wJ h armif armif cif uwkH;&dwfaewkef ;rSmyJ q &mawmf uajymw,f? ol Yuk d &d wf NyD;&if ighacgif;ukdvnf; &dwf ay;wJ h/ jyóemu tJ 'D rS m pwm aygh/ HIV ykd ;? ckcH tm;usqif ; wJha&m*g&Sif armifarmifcif&JU acgif;uk d uwkH ;&d wfNyD ;awmh q &mawmf acgif;uk d uwkH ;&d wf ay; wmaygh/ tJ'DrSm uwkH;&dwfwJ h "m;wqifh a&m*gawG ul;awmh wmygyJ/

q&mawmfqDukd oabFm om;uwqif h ul;puf oGm;wm a&m*gwckwnf; r[k wf bl;/ '

um? 'umrawG& JU av;pm; Munfnd KrI awG ysuf qD;oG m;wm vnf ; wOD;uwOD; ul ;pufMu awmh wmyJ/ aemufqk H;awmh q &mawmf uk d txif rS m;? tjrif rS m; NyD ; pd wf eJ Y jypf rS m;rd awmh wmaygh/

tm;vk H ;vk d vk d u od xm;wm ckcHtm;usqif;wJha&m*gqk dwm

taysmfus L;wmuwqifh ul; pufwmrsdK;qkdawmh q&mawmf BuD;ukd txifao;Muwmaygh/ od u© mqk dwmvnf ; jyefaumuf vkd Y r&awmh bl ;/ bkef BuD ;jzpf NyD ; 'D vk d a&m*g&w,f qk d awmhvnf ; ajymp&mjzp f&wmaygh/ q&m awmfBuD;u 0#fa<u;yJvkdY o abmxm;vkd ufw,f/

q&mawmf &J U 'umwOD ;jzpf wJ h q&m0ef wOD ;u a&m*gZmpf jrpfukdvkdufNyD ; avhvmpkH prf; vkd ufawmh oabFmom; armif

armifcif&JU twG if;a&;awG od vm&w,f/ 'geJY oabFmom; armifarmifcifukd oGm;NyD;ar; jref;awmh 0efcHvkd ufw,f/ ol Y acgif;&d wfNyD ;NyD ;csif ; q&mawmf acgif ;ukd &dwfwmuwqifh ul; rSe f;rodvk dY rwm;rdwmwJh/ armifarmi fcifukd,fwkdif &Sif; awmh tjzpfrSef awG od Muwm aygh/

'gayr,f h aemufusoG m;yg NyD/ armifarmifcifeJY q&mawmf wk d Y[m a&S Uqif h aemuf qif h yJ tJ 'D

a&m*geJY vlYavmuukd pG efYcGm oGm;Muw,f/ armifarmifcif vnf ; raocif tjzpf rS ef awG 0ef cH oG m;wmaMumif h q&mawmf BuD ; ukd txif rS m;? tjrif rS m;NyD ; jypf rSm;cJh MuwJh 'um? 'umrawG tawmfpdwfraumif; jzpfMu& w,f/

acgif;&dwf&muwqif h ul; pufjcif; jzpf&wJhtjzpfqkd;u awmh tawmfav; aMuuGJp&m yg/ ck cHtm;usqif ;wJh HIV ykd ; qkd wm a&m*g&SdwJh oleJ Y tom; csif;xd½kH eJY rul;bl ;/ eD ;eD;uyf uyfae½kHeJY rul;bl;/ ta&jym; yJ h NyD ;? ta&jym;ayguf NyJ oG m;wm? xd rd &S rd NyD ; aoG ;xG uf? aoG ;pk d Ywm rsdK;u ul;pufwwf wmaygh/

ul;pufjref ckcHtm;usqif;wJ ha&m*g HIV/AIDSaomif;0if;Adkvf

'gaMumifh q&m0efawGu pd wf cs&atmif wcgok H ;aq;xkd ; tyf awG ok H ;Muovk d? qH yif n§ yf qk dif awG uvnf; oifwkef;"m; rokH;bJ wcgokH;"m;awG okH; vmMuw,f/ 'Da&m*gu ul; pufjrefwJ htxJ ygaew,f/

oabF may:rS m oabF mom;

tcsif;csif ; rk wf qd wf &d wf "m;uk d yl;wG JokH ;rd vkdY HIV ykd; ul ;puf oG m;wmrsdK;vnf ; &S dcJ hygw,f/ taysmf vG ef? taysmf usL;vk d Yr&wJ h axmif xJ rS mvnf ; aq;xk d ;tyf? aq;rS if aMumif xk d ;wJ h pk wf u ul ; wmrsdK;vnf ; &Sdaeygw,f/

ckc Htm ;usqif ;wJ h HIV/

AIDS a&m*gu rdef;reJYa,m usfm; vdifqufqH &muwqifh t"duul;pufwwfovkd vdif wla,musfm;csif ; vdifqufqH rIrsd K;u ul ;pufwmvnf; &Sd yg

w,f/ ZeD ;? cifyGef ;tay: opö m&Sd NyD ; azmufjyefjcif;uif ;wJh td rf axmifpkrSm 'Da&m*grsd K;r&Sday r,f h a,musfm;eJYrdef;ru opö m rJ h &muwqif h a&m*gul ;puf wm rkd Y tpp qifjcifowd xm;Ek difrS wefumusr,fvk dYyJ ajymyg& ap/

a0'em&S if awG [m tm[m& "mwf jynf h jynf 00 rpm;ok H ;&wJ h tjyif aomufa&awGuvnf; roef YwJ htwGuf ckcHtm;us

qif;wJh 'Pfukd Mum&SnfrcHEkd if Muygbl;/ a&m*g&NyD; rMumcif rSmy J aoqkH ;oGm ;wwf Muyg w,f/ wjcm;Ek dif iH awG rSmawmh tm[m&jynf h 0pG m pm;aomuf ae Ek d if Mu&ao;wmuk d avh vmawG Y &S d &ygw,f/ aMumuf p&maumif ; wJ h a&m*gqk d ;BuD ;jzpf wmrk d Y tod w&m;eJ Y owd xm;qif jcif Muzkd Y wkd ufwGef;vkd uf csif ygw,f/

aomif ;0if ;Ad k vf

ygvd rfh r,f/ 'gayr,f h vl em&JU trsdK;om;u odyf,kHMunfrI&Sd [efrwl ygbl ;/ 'gayr,f h vl em pdw fcs rf;omz kd Ytw Guf vky f aqmifay;c Jhw,f/ qkdufu kd(Psycho) ukxkH;vkdYyJ ajym&r

vm; vl em[m tenf ;i,f ouf omvm[ef&Sdvmw,f/ q&m jzpfoluvnf; taqmifawG ay;? a&ref;awGwkdufNyD ; jyef oGm;ygw,f/

apmapmu a0'emaMumif h r csdrqefY cH pm;ae&wJh vlem[m wnfNidrfrI&vmw,f/ wcsuf wcsufrS myJ atmif haeykH &S dw,f/

reuf usawmh aysmuf oG m;NyD wJ h/ usaemftawmfav;uk d ,k HMunf &cufoG m;w,f/ q&m0e fw a,mufvk H;u cGJ pdwfvkdu frS ouf omr,fvkd Y owfrSwf xm; wJh vl emwOD;ukd bmaq;0g;rS rok H ;bJ aysmuf uif ;atmif vk yf aqmif Ek dif cJh w,fqkd awmh b,f

vkd enf ;eJ YrS rjzpf Ekd ifbl ;aygh/ 'g ayr,fh usaemf ha&SUwi fyJ w u,f jrif ae&NyD/ pd wf xJ rS mawmh rwifrusygyJ/ tJ'Dvlem[m tckxd Akd ufjyefratmifhawmhyg bl;/ wcgrSukd jyefrjzpf awmh wm/ wkd ufqkdifrIrsm;vm;/

uJ vQdKU0S ufcsufu 'D rSmAs/

apmapmuajymcJhovk d vlem&JU trsdK;om;u 'Dud pö awGuk d odyf r,k Hbl ;/ t&if uwnf ;u 'Da0 'em[m ay:vk d uf? aysmuf vk d uf jzpfaewm/ ckjyefaumif;oGm ; w,f qkdwmvnf; cPyJvm;/ aemufjyefjzpfE kdifao;ovm;/ 'gukdpOf ;pm;NyD;awmh aq;½kHu

q&m0efukd wae&mrSm oGm; a&mufawGYqkH cJh w,f/ yd wfrdae wJ h oefaumif [m a&S UqufNyD; b,f vk d jzpf oG m;Ek d if ovJ vk d Y ar; vkd ufw,f/

'Dawm h q&m0e fu oef aumif[m >yef xJrS mydwfrd aeNyD qkdawmh a&SUwkd; r&? aemu f

qkwfr&eJY aemufqkH;rSm ao aMuysuf pD ;oG m;vk d uf r,f vk d Y ajz cJ hw,f/ NyD ;awmhvnf; vlem&J U ,kHMunfcsufeJY pdwftiftm; aMumi fh ckvkd oufomwm&Sd r,f/ aemuf wcg jyef jzpf Ek d if acs &Sd w,f/ aemufNyD;awmh tpm; taomuf pm;&mrS m tcef Yroif h

&if jzpf wwf w,f qk d awmh 'D oef aumif aMumif h r[k wf vnf ; xyf jzpf Ekd if w,faygh/ tJ'DrSm tajz wck ukd &oGm;NyD/ vlemtwGuf bmqufvk yf &rvJ qk d wm ol od oG m;NyD/ q&m0ef uk d bmaMumifh cG Jpd wfukorIcH,lzkdY ajymcJhovJ qk d wmukd ar;zk d Yvnf ; rvk d awmh

ygbl;/ t&ifwnf;u odNyD; om;/

tdrfjyefa&mufawmh t&if qk H; oef csaq;0,fNyD ; vlemukd wk dufw,f/ tpm;taomuf uk d vnf; pOf;pm;csif hcsdefNyD; pm;zkdY vlemukd owday;w,f/ vl em vnf; Ak dufatmifh a&m*geJYrwJh

wmawGuk d owdeJY csifhcsdef pm; aomufcJhwm ck xdygyJ/ wcgrS vnf; a0'em jye fray:awmh bl;/

'DtaMumif;&if ;ukd usaemf bd wf (Nrd wf )Nrd KUrS m tvk yf ud pö eJ Y oG m;&if ½kwf w&uf Akd ufatmif h vk d Y aq;½k HwufNyD ; jyefqif ;vm

awmh od&wmyg/ aq;½ kHu qif;NyD;awmh tJ'Dvif r,m;qD uk d oG m;NyD ; usaemf h pd wf xJ rwif r uswmav;uk d ar;jref;&if;od cJh &ygw,f/ &Sif;oGm;ygNyD/ t ouf ukd ÓPf apmifhwJ h/ wk duf qk dif rI oufouf aMumifhom r [kwfc Jhyg / vlwkd if;[m pm;

aomufaexkdif&mrSm owdw &m;uk d tNrJvufukdi fxm;NyD; usef;rma&; todynmawGukd avhvmzkd Yvk dygw,f/ tod eJYo wd [m b0rS m usef;rmaysmf&T if pGm aexkd if Ekd ifzkYdtwGuf tvGef ta&;BuD ;ygaMumif; ... /

okn

`` pmrsufES m (10) rStquf




umuG ,f aq;qd k &if uav; awG yJ vdkr,f xif wm rrSef yg/ vl BuD ;awG vnf;vd k w,f/ 'gay

r, fhwa,mufeJ Yw a,mu f vdkwmawG rwlMuao;yg/ oD ; oefY tvk yfcGifrsd K;rSm vkyf&ol awG? c&D;xGuf&olawG? i,f &G ,f wJ htrsdK;orD ;awG? ud k,f 0ef aqmifawG? toufBuD;ol awG vdk tyfwmawG rwlMuyg/ t rsm;qHk ;vdkwJ humuG,faq; 10 rsdK;ru &Sd ygw,f/

1/ ar;cd kif umuG ,faq;Tetanus Vaccine

ar;cd k if yd k ;[m tem? 'Pf &m?

ql;pl ;wm? "g;&SpwmawG uae 0if Ed k if w,f/ cG J pd wf uk ocH &wm? uav;arG ;&wmawG uaevnf ; 0if Ed kif w,f/ tJ vd kjzpf wmawG &Sd wd kif; Tetanus Toxoid (TT) vac-

cine umuG,faq;xdk;&r,f/ An ti -t et anus to xo id (ATT)

vaccine vd kYvnf; ac:w,f/ aemuf Tetanus Immune

Globulin (TIG) qd k wmu ar;ck d if a&m*gjzpfvmrSomxdk;&wJh uk oaq;jzpfw,f/ ud k, f0ef aqmif uwnf ;u rdcifrS m ATT

2 cg xdk;xm;vdk Y arG;arG ;csif ; ydk; 0ifvmrSmu dk umuG, fEdk if w,f/ uav;udk vnf; wvcGJ uwnf;u DPT ud k wvcG J? 2 vcG J? 3 vcG J t&G,f awG rSm 3 cg xdk;ay;xm;&w,f/ wcsd KU Edk if iHawGrSm 2 v? 4 v? 6 v rS m xd k ;w,f/ aemuf jyD ; wES pfcGJ eJY 5 ESpf om;rSm 2 cg xyfxdk ; ao;w,f/ 7 ES pfausmfoGm;&if rxdk ;zdk Y wm;xm;w,f/ Diphth-

eria qH k qd kYem? Pertussis (Whoo-

ping cough) Muufn§macsmif; qd k ;eJ Y Tetanus ar;cd k if a&m*gawG udk umuG,fay;r,f/ wcsd KUEdk if iHawGrSm DPwT, DPaT, Tdap

emrnfawGeJ Y ac:ao;w,f/

2/ a&ausmufChickenpox (Varicella)

i,f wkef ;u a&ausmuf r

aygufzl;wm uH aumif ;w,f vd k Y

ajymwm tjynh ft0rrSefyg/ Bu D; rS aygu fw Jh ausmufu aMumuf p& maumif ;w,f / Oyrm udk,f0efaqmifaewkef;Varicella pneumonia jzpf &if t

a&;ay:vlemtaee JY uko& r,f/ tJvdkruko&if w0uf avmufu toufygqH k;E dki f w,f/ a&,H keJYqifwJh Shingles

(&Si f;*Jvf)qdkwm jzpfvmEdk if w,f/ wcsdKUud k Chickenpox

vaccine umuG,faq;uae 'D vdkrjzpfatmif umuG,fE dki f

w,f/ xdk ;&r,fh ol awGudk 2 v jcm; 2 cg xdk;w,f/ udk,f0ef aqmifawG udkawmh rxd k;&bl;/

3/ a&,k H umuG ,faq;Shingles Vaccine (&Sif;*J vf)

touf 60 ausmfolawG twGuf ta&;BuD ;w,f/ i,f wk ef ;u a&ausmuf rayguf zl ;ol awG toufBuD;vm&if (&Sif; *Jv f) aygufw,f/ Herpes

zoster ([m;ydpf-Zdk ;pwm) vdkY vn f;ac:w,f / Ad ki f; &y fp f aMumifhjzpfwJh a&,HkwrsdK;jzpf w,f/ tawmfemr,f/ aysmuf NyD ;wJ h aemuf rS mawmif emaewm ud k Postherpetic neuralgia

a&,H k aemuf quf wG J tm½H k aMum temvdkY ac:w,f/

4/ vdift*Fg<uufEd kY umuG ,faq;HPV Vaccine (td wfcsf yDAG D )

rd ef;ra&m a,mufsm;awGt wG uf yg vd k w,f/ Human papill-

oma virus ac:wJh Adkif;&yf pf u ae trsd K;orD ;awG rS m om;td rf 0 uifqm jzpfapEdk ifw,f/ a,m uf sm;awG vnf ; vnf acsmif ;uif qm jzpfEdk ifw,f/ 'DumuG ,f aq; trsd K;tpm;wck uae rdef ; ra&m a,mufsm ;awGyg vdif vrf ;aMumif ;MuG uf Ed k Y jzpf rS mud k yg umuG ,f w,f/ uav;touf 9 ESpf txufqdk &if xd k ;vd k Y&NyD/

26 ESpf txd xdk;oifhw,f/ txl ;ojzifh rdef;uav;? trsdK; orD ;awG eJ Y a,muf sm;av; (a*;) awGtwG ufvdk ygw,f/ aq; 2 rsd K;&Sd w,f/ aps;vnf; BuD ;ao; w,f/ (0-2-6)qdkwJ h azmfjrL vmtwdk if ; xdk;ygw,f/

5/ OD;aESmu fajr§;a& mif umuG,faq; Meningitis

ppfrIxrf;aw G? aumvdy f ausmif;om;awG? Ed kif iHwum c &D ;vSnfh olawG? ck cHtm;enf ;ol awGtwGuf xd k;oifhw,f/

6/ tonf ;a&mifa&m*g umuG,faq;rsm; Hepatitis

- Hepatitis A tonf;a&mif-

at trs dK;tpm;u tpm;t aomufeJY a&xJ rS mygaevdk Y ul ; puf w,f/ vrf;ab; aq;xdk ; orm;awG? vdifwlqufqHol a,mu fsm ;awGvnf; ul;Edk if w,f/ ae&mwd kif ;rS mawmh rxd k ; Muyg/ - Hepatitis B tonf;a&mif- bD trsdK;tpm;uawmh udk,f cE¨mu t&nfrSeforQrSm ygae Edkifw,f/ txl;ojzif h vdif vrf;uxG ufwJ h t&nf rS mygvdkY vdifqufqH &muae ul;w,f/

aoG;xJrSmygvdk Y aq;xdk;tyf? rkwfqdwf&dwf'g; tiS m;oHk;&m uae ul;r,f/ vlwdk if ;xd k;oif h w,f/ bD ydk ;umuG,f aq;Hep-

atitis B Vaccine 3 vHk; jynhf atmif xdk ;&w,f/ aq;½Hk ? "mwf cGJ cef ;awG rS m tvk yf vk yf ol awGu rxdk;rae xdk ;xm;Mu& r,f/ - aemuf ]bD} umuG,faq; wrsdK;udk Hepatitis B Immune

Globulin tonf ;a&mif bD (*vd k AsLvif ) vdkYac:w,f/ trSefu umuG,faq;awm hr[kwfyg/ bDydk;&Sdwh Jrd cifuae arG;vmwJ h uav;udk 12 em&D twG if; w vH k; xdk ;&w,f/ td E´ d,rS m &l;yD ; 5800 ay;&w,f/ vlBuD;awG qdk&if 10 vHk ;uae tvH k; 20 vdkw,f / q&m0e f? olemjyK q&mr? "mwfcGJcef;? aoG;vSL bPfrSm tvkyfvkyfolawG w u,f vd k Y trS wf rxifbD yd k ;ygwJ h aoG; udk ,hfxJ t0ifcH&w,fqd k &if 'Dtrsd K;tpm;aq;udk csuf csif;xdk;&r,f/ tonf ;a&mif - pD yd k;tw Gu f umuG,faq; ray:ao;yg/

7/ wkyfauG; umuG,faq; Flu

Shot

wES pf wcg xd k ;aeoif h w,f vdkY tar&d uefEdkifiHrS m tBuHjyK xm;w,f/ Influenza virus

Ad kif ;&yf pfyd k ;awG u wESpf eJ YwES pf rwl wmawG jzpf ae&if umuG ,f aq;ta[mi f;e JYr&v dkY jzpf w,f/

8/ El rd k ;eD ;,m; umuG ,faq;Pneumococcus (El rd kaumuyf pf )

Pneumococcal polysa-

ccharide vaccine (PPSV) vdkY ac:w,f/ Pneumonia Elrdk;eD ; ,m;? Bloodstream infections

aoG;uae ul;pufwJh a&m*g awGeJ Y Meningitis OD ;aESmufajr§ ; a&mifwmawGudk jzpfapw,f/Pneumococcal pneumonia

jzpf wmu qd k ;w,f/ 'gawG um uG,fr,fhaq; jzpfw,f/

9/ 0ufouf+ yoda&mif + *smref 0ufouf Measles/Mum-ps/

Rubella

aq;wvHk;xJeJY a&m*g 3 rsdK;udk wcgwnf;umuG,fNyD; om; jzp fr,f / MMR vdk Yac: w,f/ - yoda&mif Mumps qdk wmudkEpidemic parotitis vd k Yvnf ;ac:

w,f/ vlawGtrsm;BuD;rSm ul ; puf vd k Y wH awG ;xG uf wJ h tusd wf a&mifwJh Adkif;&yfpfa&m*g jzpf w,f/ a,mufsm ;av;awGrSm usm;tpda&mifwm Orchitis eJY wG J vmwwf w,f/ - Rubella (½l bJ vm;) ud k *smref

0ufoufGerman measles

vd k Yvnf ;ac:w,f/ Ad k if ;&yf pf a&m *gjzpf w,f/ uav;awG jzpf wm ta&;rBuD;yg/ 2-3 &ufeJY aysmuf r,f/ ud k ,f 0efaqmif t rsdK;orD ;qdk&if udk,f 0efysufEd kif w,f/ txJuuav;udk xd cdkufr,f/ udk,f0ef 5 v t wGif ;jzpf ae&if arG ;vmr,fh u av;rSm arG;&myg Congenital

rubella syndrome (CRS) &Ed kif w, f/ i, fi,fuwnf ;uMMR umuG ,f aq; rxd k ;&ao;

&if udk,f 0efraqmifcif 4 ywf BudKwif xdk ;yg/ ol rsm;awG ajym avh &S dwJ h ]BuD ;rS 0uf ouf ayguf w,f}qd k wm 'gud k ajymovm; r odyg/

10/ EdkifiH&yfjcm; c&D;oGm;rsm;t wGuf umuG,faq;rsm;Travel Vaccinations

Travel immunizations vdkY vnf;ac:w,f/ taemufEdkifiH om;awG qif ;&J rG J awaeao;wJ h ae&ma'oawG udk roG m;cif xdk ; oifhw,fvdkY owfrSwfjy|mef; xm;wJh umuG,f aq;pm&if;qdk wm &S d w,f/ wcsd KUu AD Zmray; cif xdk ;^rxdk ; Munhf ao;w,f/ wcsd KUEd k if iH awG uvnf ; ol wd k YqD rSm xl ;qef;wJ ha&m*g? uyf a&m *gwckck jzpfaecsd ef rS m avqdyf? oabFmqdyf pwJh wdkif;jynf 0if

aygu fawGuaeqD; Ny D; um uG ,faq; xdk;ay;w,f/

umuG ,f aq;awG &J Uoabm u a&m*gydk; (AufwD;&D;,m;? Adkif;&yfpf)awGudk tvGefrwef tm;enf;oGm;atmif vkyf xm; wmudk vlYudk,f cE¨mxJ xd k;ay; wmjzpfw,f/ tm;enf;aeay

r,fh olYADZ&Sdaeao;vdkY um uG ,f aq;xd k ;ol Yud k ,f xJ a&muf oGm;&if tJ'Dvl &JU ud k,fcHtm; pepfuae 'Dyd k;udk ckcHay;r,fh udk,fcHtm; Antibody (tifwD abmf'D)qdkwm xkwfay;awmh r,f/ 'D"mwf awGjynfh pHk vmcsdef rS m wu,f a&m*gyd k ;0if vmygap cHcsay;rSmrd kY a&m*gjzpf rvmap Ed k ifawmh bl ;/ 0uf ouf ayguf zl ; wJ h uav; aemuf xyf 0uf ouf raygufEdkifwJh obm0udk twk ,l NyD; Vaccines umuG,faq;

awG vkyf ay;wmjzpfw,f/ EdkifiH&yfjcm; c&D;oGm;rsm ; twGuf umuG,faq;awGu pdwfcs&w,f/ xda&mufw,f/ t"du 3 rsdK; &Sdw,f/ c&D;r xGuf cif (4-6) ywf BudKwif

jyifqifyg/ - uav;wdkif ;? vlwdkif ;

xd k ;Mu&r,f vd k Y owf rS wf xm;wJ h umuG,f aq;awG/ Routine

vaccines EdkifiHwck eJYwck rwl bl; / tcs defumvt&vnf; ajymif; aeao;w,f/ wdk;vm wmawGa&m rvd kawmhvdk Y y,f

zsufvdkufwmawGyg &Sdw,f/ Oyrm ausmufaq; rxdk;awmh bl;/ MuufiS ufwkyfauG; xyf wd k;xm;w,f/

- xdk;zdkY ñTefMum;c sufeJY owf rS wf xm;wJ h umuG,f aq; awG/ Recommended vaccines

- Ed kif iH wck csif ;tvd kuf om xd k;apr,fh umuG,faq;awG/Required vaccines Oyrm tmz

&dueJY awmiftar&d u oGm;ol awGtwGuf Yellow fever vac-

cine (,Jvdk;-zDAm) umuG,f

aq;/ aqm f'Dtma&;A D;,m; twG uf OD;aES mufajr§ ;a&mifa&m *g Meningococcal vaccine

(rif eif *d k aumf u,f vf ) umuG ,f aq;/

a'guf wmwif haqG

ab;toG,foG,faiGeJ Y0,ftH hzG,f½l;awmhonf( uG rf ; a &S m if Mu Of a & ; y n m a y ; oH a yg uf rs m ; )

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ab;xGuf qkd;0g;? oG m;zkH ;rsm;? xdyg; jzpfaponf/ xk H ;rsm;0if a&muf? qk d ;usdK;aESmuf? ausmuf uyf ysuf pD ;onf/ aeYpOfpm;okH;? aiG ukdjzKef ; bkH;bk H;aysmufuG ,fonf/ usyfig;&mrS? ES pfaxmifAs? oG m;[ vGif hypfonf/ uGrf;,mxnfh pm;? "mwkrsm; ? wkd if;jcm;rS0,fonf/ wk dif ;jcm;qDokd Y? aiGawGykdY? jzKef;zk dYomjzpfonf/ xkH ;ES ifh ESyfaq;? vufemao;? a&mif;ay;oljzpfonf/ eDukd wif;aq;? &Da0ao;? olYab; pG Javmufonf/ vnf acsmif;,m;,H? acsmif ;qkd;jyef? vQmcHxlydef;onf/ bufwD ;&D;,m;rsm;? csdK;uyfoG m;? rsm;pGmckdatmif;onf/ oG m;zkH;a&mifjcif;? oGm;usOfjcif;? xefjyif;'ku©rSD/ qD ;oGm;cuf um? ausmuf wnfvm? a&m*g0,fMuonf/ pGJvef;pdwfrsm;? tNrJpm;? oem;pzG,fjzpfonf/

vnf acsmif;uifqm? yg;uifqm? vQmuif qmjzpfonf/ tpmtd rf uif qm? tl uif qm? uif qm>yefjzpfonf/ cHwGif;uifqm? qk d;0g;pGm? urÇmrSmjzpfonf/ rsdK;pkHuifqm? jzpfvk d&m? pm;yguGrf;tvD vD/ uG rf;uk dpG efYcG m? aiGpkyg? Opö mwkd;awmhrnf/ &Tif vef ;usef;rm? touf&Snf&m? jyifygtcsd efrD/

qvk dif ;a&T vif ;

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wmutp oif ay;cJ h MuwmcH cJ h & ygw,f/

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***

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Nightingale Health Journal (May - 2013)

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Transcript of Nightingale Health Journal (May - 2013)