Nexus 1201 - new times magazine

DECEMBER 2004 – JANUARY 2005 www.nexusmagazine.com NEXUS • 1

N E X U SNEW TIMES MAGAZINE

Volume 12, Number 1 DECEMBER 2004 – JANUARY 2005

UK/Europe edition Website: http://www.nexusmagazine.com

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.............................................4Comments from readers on NEXUS-related topics.

GLOBAL NEWS.............................................................6Groundbreaking news, including a RICO lawsuitfiled over aspartame, massive vote-counting fraudin the US elections, and the Pentagon's objectionsto the EU's Galileo satellite navigation system.

THE ENDANGERED US DOLLAR...............................11By Richard Heinberg. The US dollar may collapseif the OPEC nations decide to sell their oil for eurosor if the "mortgage bubble" bursts, causing the USstockmarket to crash in the process.

TRUTH ABOUT VACCINES COVER-UP—Part 1.........17By Russell Blaylock, MD. US health agenciesrealise that vaccines containing mercury andaluminium have severe neurological effects, but areyet to force manufacturers to remove these toxins.

DEATH BY MEDICINE—Part 3...................................25By Carolyn Dean, MD, ND, Martin Feldman, MD,Gary Null, PhD, and Debora Rasio, MD.Unnecessary medical treatments for women andpoor care of the elderly are symptomatic of ahealth-care system in need of an urgent overhaul.

SHORT HISTORY OF THE ROUND TABLE—Part 1....31By Will Banyan. Cecil Rhodes, Prime Minister ofthe Cape Colony in the 1890s and founder of DeBeers, had dreams of establishing an elite secretsociety and creating a unified British Empire.

NIKOLA TESLA'S AETHER-POWERED CAR................37By Igor Spajic. In 1931, Dr Nikola Te s l asuccessfully road-tested a luxury Pierce-Arrow carfitted with an AC electric motor and a tunedreceiver he'd designed to tap aetheric energy.

THE WANDS OF HORUS...........................................43By Dr Valery Uvarov with Carl Agar. The ancientEgyptian pharaohs and priests held copper and zinccylinders filled with crystals or minerals to tuneinto the power of the pyramid and facilitate theircommunication with the cosmos.

NEW SCIENCE NEWS.................................................48

Suppressed scientist James Fauble tells what heknows of top-secret US government research intomagnetic monopoles, which hold great promise fordevelopers of permanent magnetic motors.

SIBERIA'S "VALLEY OF DEATH"—Part 2.....................51

By Dr Valery Uvarov. Eyewitness accounts of the1908 Tunguska explosion reveal the existence of anancient high-tech installation in remote Siberia thatsent huge plasma spheres to destroy a meteorite inflight, preventing a major catastrophe.

THE TWILIGHT ZONE................................................58

Strange tales from on and off our world. This issuewe feature Debbie Payne's exposé of files availablein the Australian National Archives that confirmgovernment knowledge of the UFO phenomenon.

R E V I E W S — B o o k s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5"Censored 2005" by Peter Phillips & Project Censored"The Seventh Sense" by Lyn Buchanan"The Encyclopedia of Medical Breakthroughs..." by MRA Assoc."The Fourfold Path to Healing" by Thomas S. Cowan, MD"Why Aren't I Learning?" by Rafaele Joudry"Crossing the Rubicon" by Michael C. Ruppert"The Canopus Revelation" by Philip Coppens"Matrix of Creation" by Richard Heath"Lemuria and Atlantis" by Shirley Andrews"Chemtrails Confirmed" by William Thomas"Suns of God" by Acharya S "Shopped" by Joanna Blythman"Not on the Label" by Felicity Lawrence"Hoodwinked" by Uri Dowbenko

REVIEWS—Videos & DVDs.........................................72"NEXUS 2004 Europe Conference" produced by Bert Janssen"NEXUS 2004 Brisbane Conference" by E&E Productions

R E V I E W S — M u s i c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3"Caribbean Playground" by various artists"Om Mani Padme Hum" by Buedi Siebert"A Drop in the Ocean" by Sultan Khan and Krishna Das"Tassoumakan" by Issa Bagayogo"Sound Medicine Man" by Tim Wheater

NEXUS BOOKS, VIDEOS, ADS, SUBS...................80–88

NEXUS MAGAZINEVolume 12, Number 1

DECEMBER 2004 – JANUARY 2005

PUBLISHED BYNEXUS Magazine Pty Ltd, ABN 80 003 611 434

EDITORDuncan M. Roads

CO-EDITORCatherine Simons

ASSISTANT EDITOR/SUB-EDITORRuth Parnell

UK OFFICE ADMINISTRATIONMarcus Allen

CONTRIBUTORS THIS ISSUERichard Heinberg; Russell Blaylock, MD;

Carolyn Dean, MD, ND, Martin Feldman, MD,Gary Null, PhD, Debora Rasio, MD;

Will Banyan; Igor Spajic; Valery Uvarov; Carl Agar; James Fauble; Debbie Payne

CARTOONSPhil Somerville

COVER GRAPHICJohn Cook, [email protected]

PRINTINGGoodhed Print Group, Bicester, Oxon., UK

DISTRIBUTIONSeymours, London, UK

UK OFFICE - 55 Queens Rd, East Grinstead,West Sussex, RH19 1BG.

Ph: 01342 322854; Fax: 01342 324574e-mail address: [email protected]

Website: www.nexusmagazine.com

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Ph: +31 (0)228 324076; Fax: +31 (0)228 312081e-mail address: [email protected]

HEAD OFFICE - Articles, Reviews, etc.PO Box 30, Mapleton, Qld 4560, Australia.

Ph: +61 7 5442 9280; Fax: +61 7 5442 9381e-mail address: [email protected]

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Tel: 303 321 5006; Fax: 720 941 9352E-mail: [email protected]

STATEMENT OF PURPOSENEXUS recognises that humanity is undergoing amassive transformation. With this in mind, NEXUSseeks to provide 'hard-to-get' information so as toassist people through these changes. NEXUS is notlinked to any religious, philosophical or politicalideology or organisation.

PERMISSION-TO-REPRODUCE POLICYWhile reproduction and dissemination of the infor-mation in NEXUS is actively encouraged, anyonecaught making a buck out of it, without our expresspermission, will be in trouble when we catch them!

WARRANTY AND INDEMNITY

Advertisers upon and by lodging material with the Publisher for publication or authorising or approving of the publication of any material INDEMNIFY thePublisher and its servants and agents against all liability claims or proceedings whatsoever arising from the publication and without limiting the generality of theforegoing to indemnify each of them in relation to defamation, slander of title, breach of copyright, infringement of trademarks or names of publication titles, unfaircompetition or trade practices, royalties or violation of rights or privacy AND WARRANT that the material complies with all relevant laws and regulations and thatits publication will not give rise to any rights against or liabilities in the Publisher, its servants or agents and in particular that nothing therein is capable of beingmisleading or deceptive or otherwise in breach of the Part V of the Trade Practices Act 1974. All expressions of opinion are published on the basis that they arenot to be regarded as expressing the opinion of the Publisher or its servants or agents. Editorial advice is not specific and readers are advised to seek professionalhelp for individual problems. The publisher reserves the right to refuse any advertising material for any reason. © NEXUS New Times 2004–2005

Editorial

Ihave often wondered how the people of Nazi Germany allowed their country to fall underthe gradual but hypnotic spell of corporate fascism under Hitler and his Western financial

backers. Looking at the USA today, I can see how easily this was achieved.The world is watching in shock and horror as Americans allow their freedoms and any

shred of international respect to slip away. And we can only expect things to go from bad toworse. Voting in these last elections was rigged on a massive scale, but the other story hereis that the media and the main "losing party" f e a r raising the issue of this grand fraud.Truly, America has become a nation of fear. The public fears the terrorists (manufacturedby Bush's backers for the very reason of inducing fear), activists and journalists fear the newgestapo (aka Homeland Security), and the world, in turn, now fears America. The fact thatthe governments of Australia and the UK are supporting the Bush government in its everyaggressive action should be of great concern to us all—but too many of us are too busy tonotice, too apathetic to care or feel too disempowered to think we can change anything.

So is there any hope for a future where people of all races and religions can live togetherin peace and harmony on a clean and fruitful planet? I hear that many of the elite "secretsocieties" have this same goal, as you will read in the article on Cecil Rhodes and the RoundTable. I have a problem with people prepared to commit foul deeds for a supposedly nobleoutcome, in that the final result is "tainted" by the foul deeds they commit on the way. Inother words, the ends do not justify the means. Think very carefully before you ever chooseto believe that the ends justify the means. It is a catchphrase used by the elite to coerce peoplewith a conscience into committing unconscionable acts against their fellow humans.

Still on American gloom and doom, the value of the US dollar started falling just as Ireceived an article on this subject by Richard Heinberg, so I decided to run it this issue. Thedollar's value is still falling and speculation is rife about its future. If the author is right,we'll be lucky to have another year of relative economic stability.

There are still people out there who believe the lies told by doctors, drug companies andhealth bureaucrats that vaccines are safe and effective. The article in this issue contains yetmore evidence of the incredible array of poisons inside each and every shot given to childrenand adults. And while we are on the subject of modern medicine, this issue we conclude thethree-part series, "Death by Medicine". You should realise by now that if you are admittedto hospital, you have a 50:50 chance of coming out worse than when you were admitted, dueto medical mistakes, adverse reactions, unnecessary medical procedures or infections. Sixjumbo jets full of people every day—that's how many Americans die from modern medicineevery day of the year. And it is getting worse, not just in the USA but all over the med-icalised world. Maybe someone should tell those terrorists that all they have to do to bringthe evil West to its knees is wait, for we are eating, drinking, breathing and medicating our-selves to death anyway (NEXUS readers aside!).

Turning to something completely different, we finally have the second article on themysterious "Installation" in the "Valley of Death" in remote Siberia. You'll be amazed by thisarticle, and it is definitely a subject to keep an eye on. It's taken nearly a year for the intrepidValery Uvarov to assemble this next instalment and have it translated, and there is still moreto come. In essence, the article purports that someone, a very long time ago, constructed anadvanced technology installation inside several parts of this planet, with the purpose ofprotecting Earth from asteroid and meteorite impacts. The article presents little-knownevidence that the Tunguska event was the result of the Installation sending out plasma ballsto destroy a heavenly intruder of significant size.

On another note, our NEXUS Conference in Brisbane in September was a tremendoussuccess. We extended the format to three days, with two evenings of networking and min-gling. I would like to thank our speakers for their thought-provoking presentations, ourreaders/attendees for their support, and our sponsors (especially Joshua Shaw of BionicProducts), who made the event possible. DVDs of both the Brisbane Conference as well asthe Europe Conference, held in Amsterdam in March 2004, are now available (see Reviews).

I would also like to take this opportunity to announce that the next northern hemisphereNEXUS Conference will be held in Amsterdam on 13–14–15 May 2005.

And finally, you'll be pleased to know that soon you'll be able to hear NEXUS subjectsand contributors on Internet radio at www.RadioOutThere.com. Listen and read on...

Duncan

2 • NEXUS www.nexusmagazine.com DECEMBER 2004 – JANUARY 2005


Dr Holt's Anti-Cancer TherapyHi, Duncan: I have been read-

ing a bit about Dr Holt'smicrowave treatment for cancer[see Letters, NEXUS 11/06], as Iam someone who may benefitfrom this treatment.

First, the TV story has had ahuge response. According to theDr Holt support group, there werethousands of enquiries after thestory ran. This shows the needfor a treatment that is not damag-ing to the body.

Dr Holt spoke to an AustralianSenate committee in 2000 aboutthe effects of electromagneticradiation on the body. He saidthat EMR promotes the growth ofcancer cells. He referred to evi-dence from Western Australiawhich showed that after TV tow-ers were built, the life expectancyof people with leukaemia becamesignificantly reduced.

Ironically, it is a similar princi-ple that he uses in his treatment.The cancer cells are prompted togrow with the microwaves of 434MHz; then, with the injection of aglucose-like substitute that hasbeen injected into the patient, thecancer cells are deprived of ener-gy (glucose) and then die.

The link for more informationon Dr Holt and his work ishttp://www.drholtsupport.com/.

Regards,Damian D., Melbourne, Vic.

Integrated Medicine vs CancerHello, Duncan: For the last 18

months I have been setting up anIntegrated Medical HealingCentre in Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia ("integrated" meaningthe combining of natural reme-dies with medical doctors andprocedures).

So, reading your articles aboutenzyme therapy, p a r a s i t e s / m i c r o -organisms and mental issues, can-cer, diabetes, bio-oxidation, elec-tromedicine, OOBEs, etc., I f e l tall these articles could have beenwritten around the foundations ofthis clinic and the 25 years ofexperience leading up to it.

The clinic incorporates a lot oftechnology from Australia, e.g.,Josh Shaw's Elanra which we usein therapy, computerised iridolo-gy from Melbourne, live blood

m i c r o s c o p y , Dr Bob Beck's pro-tocols, Dr Hulda Clark's proto-cols, Ozone Lab ozone genera-tors, ozonated colonics, chelation,FIR sauna, Grander water systemhydrotherapy and superfoodsfrom Brisbane. All are foundsomewhere in NEXUS!

We have developed our ownsystem of using ozone-oxygenand ultraviolet light irradiation toconvert cancerous blood into nor-mal blood patterns within 60 min-utes!

Malaysia is stil l a countrywhere complementary medicineis accepted and encouraged by agovernment which seems torealise that this is the way to go,and health tourism is becoming alarge part of the economy.Malaysia is a place where we canstill get raw milk from cows,goats or buffalo!

We have chosen to keep ouroperation low key because wewould rather work quietly andachieve our successes thanbecome a high-profile target forthe pharmaceutical-medicalmachine.

Dr Bernard W. Barber, PhD,BSc, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,telephone +603 2144 4876, fax+603 2144 2876, [email protected]

The Fluoridation ThreatDear Duncan: Thank you very

much for the brilliant article,"The Absurdities of Fluoridation"by Prof. Paul Connett, and for theopen letter to the Premier ofQueensland with so many emi-nent and knowledgeable signato-ries [see NEXUS 11/06].

The UK is currently threatenedwith fluoridation as never before.Last autumn, the Water Act 2003was passed by Parliament. Watercompanies will be obliged infuture to fluoridate when asked todo so by the health authorities;previously they had the right torefuse.

Meanwhile, the medical anddental authorities continue to seri-ously underestimate the toxicityof fluoride. A review publishedon the National Pure WaterAssociation's website shows thatmass medication without individ-ual consent, using silicofluorides

(untested, unregistered as medi-cines, part II poisons under thePoisons Act), contravenes theBiomedicine Convention of theCouncil of Europe and theEuropean Union's fundamentalhuman rights legislation.

This crazy and dangerous prac-tice of fluoridation must bestopped.

Yours sincerely,Elizabeth A. McDonagh,

BSc(Hons), Doncaster, SouthYorkshire, UK

Animal Mutilations MysteryDear Duncan: For the past five

years I have been working withmany researchers from around theworld to try to unravel themystery concerning animalmutilations.

In the course of our research,we have noted that mutilationsalways conform to a repeated setof characteristics. An eye and earare often missing, flesh from thejaw is stripped off on one sideonly, bones are cut cleanly with-out trace of bone chipping, indi-cating a saw was not used. Thetongue is always severed with avertical cut deep in the throat, theanimal's rectum is always coredout and various internal organsare removed. It is normal forthese animals to be subjected toexsanguination, i.e., completelydrained of blood.

The phenomenon has beenreported not just in the USA butin other countries around theglobe, including Russia, Canada,Puerto Rico, Mexico and parts ofEurope.

Although victims of the mutila-tions were generally cattle andhorses, in recent years a widevariety of animals includingfoxes, rabbits, deer, sheep, pigs,goats, mice, badgers, birds, kan-garoos, wombats and evendomestic pets such as cats.

There are no traces of a strug-gle. Even in snow-coveredground, there are no tracks orfootprints near the carcass. Itappears as if the animals aresomehow lifted off the groundand later dumped from the air.

If you know of any farmers orveterinarians who wish to add toor partake of our research, please

contact me at my email address,[email protected].

More information can be foundat our website, http://uk.geocities.com/ufoiru/mutilation.htm.

Many thanks in anticipation.Phil, United Kingdom

Mycoplasma Link to CancerDear Sir: I found your article

on mycoplasma as biowarfareagents quite intriguing [see 8/05].

Just wanted to pass along that Ihave a website fully dedicated tothe connection between cancer,mycoplasma and in vitrobacteria—all facts that are notsupported by conventionalmedicine (having been lambastedfor nearly a century), althoughscientists are now starting to"come around" to the idea. If youcare to visit my site, please do soat http://members.aol.com/CAbacteria/homepage.html.

Regards,Ron Falcone, Florida, USA,

[email protected]

Ancient Culture in BulgariaDear Sir: I'll be glad if you

find my articles interesting [seeTwilight Zone 11/06, "AncientElectrical Device Unearthed inBulgaria"]. I work at a museumin Bulgaria; my first degree wasin Art History and my second wasin History, focusing onPrehistory.

In the course of my long-timeresearch work on the proto-Neolithic culture that existed dur-ing the 5th millennium BC in theBulgarian lands, I have comeacross many interesting andunique findings which are authen-tic artefacts and have not beenpublicised up till now.

Years ago I found a proto-Neolithic settlement on an area of20 dkr (20,000 square metres).The people who lived there werethe carriers of the most archaicEuropean civilisation, whichbegan around the coast of theBlack Sea beside the presentBulgarian land and disappearedquite mysteriously about 3 , 6 0 0BC. The lodgings were burned todestruction and some of theceramics were melted to a glass-like substance.

Letters to the Editor ...


I have magnificent pottery withexquisitely beautiful geometricdecorations. I've ascertained thatthese prehistoric inhabitants hadastounding knowledge in micro-biology, anatomy, mathematics,physics, astronomy and construc-tion. I 've found many, manyinteresting things...

Yours faithfully,Stilian Hristov Yanchev,

Varnensky, Bulgaria, [email protected]

The Golden Section ExplainedDear Duncan: As you know, I

translate for the French edition ofNEXUS. I have just finishedtranslating the Letters to theEditor in NEXUS 11/06 intoFrench, and I wish to react toJoNo's letter about the GoldenSection. I entirely share hisenthusiasm for this particularaspect of geometry, but I amafraid he is rather ill-informedabout certain points.

1. The ratio 1.618... (ϕ) shouldbe written with a few dots at theend because it is an irrationalnumber, thus infinite in decimalform. It is the result of the frac-tion (√5+1)/2. As you see, it is afunction of five. The geometricconstruction of the GoldenSection is the basis of the penta-gram, hence Michelangelo'sdrawing.

2. The properties of this ratiowere first developed by the Italianmathematician Fibonacci(Leonardo of Pisa) in the 12thcentury. He showed that the geo-metric progression, the multiplierof which is p h i (ϕ), possesses aunique property: each numberequals the sum of the two preced-ing ones.

3. At least 20 years beforeSchwaller de Lubicz's enormouswork (three volumes), MatilaGhyka published a very thoroughstudy of the Golden Section in hisL e Nombre d'Or (ed. Gallimard,1931), which is considered to bethe basic reference on the matter.

4. I entirely disagree withJoNo's denigration of modern art.Shortly after World War II,French architect Le Corbusiercreated two geometric progres-sions of measures, based on ϕ,which he called the Modulor sys-

tem. He used them in composi-tion, as have many architectssince (your servant included). IfLe Corbusier's architecture is notmodern art, what is?

And this is but one example,because contemporary painters,sculptors, etc. have made as widea use of the Golden Section ashave their ancestors.

5. French mathematician Jean-Marie Souriau and astrophysicistJean-Pierre Petit recently showedthat the law of Titus–Bode, whichestablishes a proportional rela-tionship between the distances ofthe planets to the Sun, is but anapproximation. Based on recent,accurate measurements, Souriauhas shown that the progression oforbital distances is, in fact, that ofϕ, the Golden Section!

Greetings from Dordogne.André Dufour (architect, trans-

lator for NEXUS France),Cherval, France

Mobile Phones and Memory LossDear Duncan: Thank you for a

great magazine. I'm writing withmy concerns over a recent trendwhich I've noticed and wonder ifother NEXUS readers havenoticed a similar trend.

It's that people seem to be los-ing their memory and are unableto focus concentration on any-thing longer than for a few sec-onds or minutes. The latter couldbe due to our media culturenowadays, which is based on thetwo-minute sound bite.

My main concern, however, isthe loss of memory. I've noticedthat, amongst people I know well,of a range of ages, the ones whoare suffering memory loss andunable to pay attention are theones who use their mobile phonesand cordless phones a lot. Thevery worrying thing is, they seemto be completely unaware of it.

With typical memory loss, peo-ple often recall something whenyou remind them; they've tem-porarily forgotten, in other words.

But with the type of memoryloss I'm talking about, when thesepeople are reminded they haveabsolutely no recall of the event;in other words, it didn't even reg-ister at the time. It's like dealingwith an Alzheimer's patient: the

person you knew is no longerthere. Has anyone else noticedthis?

Yours sincerely,Gloria Prema, Aberdeenshire,

UK, [email protected]

[This is a very timely letter,Gloria. French researchers havediscovered that exposure tomobile phones is changing theacetylcholine levels in the body.These chemicals are directlylinked to memory. Many peopleare now forgetting the entire con -versation after using a mobilephone. It is a big problem, andwe will have an article on thissubject in our next issue. Ed.]

Designing a Better Future Dear Mr Roads: I have thor-

oughly enjoyed your magazinethese last few years, as it hasbrought unprecedented informa-tion to the public on a wide vari-ety of "hot" topics.

I am writing, however, to solic-it exposure for Future byDesign—an organisation dedicat-ed to bringing to public con-sciousness a vision for a compre-hensive plan of social reclamationin which human beings, technolo-gy and nature can coexist in along-term, sustainable state ofdynamic equilibrium.

Future by Design can be con-tacted at: 21 Valley Lane, Venus,FL 33960, USA, tel (863) 4650321, fax (863) 465 1928, [email protected], websitehttp://www. futurebydesign.org.

Best regards,Marco Scorcelletti, Torrance,

California, USA

"Over Unity" an ImpossibilityDear Duncan: Greetings from

Margaret and me to you and all atyour office. I am emailing youto advise that a rather seriouserror appears in your editorialregarding permanent magnetmotors.

This error pertains to the usageof the term "over unity". Iwould like to point out that thereis no such condition, either onEarth or in the Universe. "Overunity" cannot possibly exist, as Ihave explained to many peopleand have done so in my writings

now for some years.The reason "over unity" cannot

possibly exist is simply becausethe Universe is at unity, and unitycannot be transcended. "Underunity" exists and can be tran-scended, but once unity has beenreached it cannot be exceeded oreclipsed.

Sincerely, and best wishes,Robert Adams, New Zealand,

http://www.aethmogen.com

Best NEXUS Conference Yet!Dear Duncan: I have been to

many marvellous N E X U SConferences over the years, butthe one in Brisbane just gonewas the best yet. I felt very privi-l e g e d to be there and to learnabout so many astounding things.I found myself—literally—on theedge of my seat at times, which israre for me.

The three-day-long formatworked brilliantly and helped meget over the end-of-conference"blues" really well because thesecond day was not the last and Ididn't have the feeling it wasover almost as soon as it hadbegun.

I liked the way there was a"mingling" during the firstevening and I felt a lot of ice gotbroken that way, particularlyb e t w e e n the speakers and theattendees.

I also felt a strong sense of fit-ting in and "belonging" this time.The "NEXUS" part of me is actu-ally far bigger than I realised, andit was great to be able to chat todifferent people about anythingfor a change. Having one's ideastolerated by one's friends is notthe same thing as being able todiscuss them fully and openlywith others.

So NEXUS, thank you, thankyou, thank you for putting it alltogether so beautifully well.

My kind regards,C. W. Lees, Victoria, Australia[And thank YOU for attending!

We will be using the new formatat all our conferences from nowon, including at the upcomingNEXUS Conference inAmsterdam on 13–14–15 May2005. See our website,h t t p : / / w w w . n e x u s m a g a z i n e . c o m ,for more information. Ed.]

... more Letters to the EditorNB: Please keep letters toapprox. 150 to 250 words

in length. Ed.


US$350 MILLION RICOLAWSUIT FILED OVER

ASPARTAME

AUS$350 million class-actionlawsuit was f i led on 15

September 2004 in United StatesDistrict Court in San Francisco,California (case no. C 04 3872).This racketeering (RICO) law-suit was filed against theNutraSweet Corporation, theAmerican Diabetes Association,Dr Robert H. Moser and others.Plaintiffs maintain that this law-suit will prove how deadly thechemical sweetener aspartame iswhen consumed by humans.

Contained in the lawsuit is thekey role played by currentSecretary of Defense, DonaldRumsfeld, in helping to getaspartame pushed through theU S Food & Drug Administration (FDA).Back in the late 1970s to mid-1980s,Rumsfeld was the President and CEO ofG. D. Searle & Co., which originallyowned the patent on aspartame. Plaintiffsmaintain that Rumsfeld used his politicalmuscle to get aspartame approved by theFDA, despite the objections of many FDAhealth researchers and the negative studies.

According to the press release issued onthis RICO lawsuit, "'double blind' studiesshowed conclusive evidence that aspar-tame caused severe health problems andeven death to the exposed study group".

This isn't the first lawsuit filed allegingthat aspartame is hazardous to the health of

humans. The National Justice Leaguefiled three other lawsuits on 26 April 2004,in three separate California courts. Thedefendants in those lawsuits numbertwelve, and all produce or use the artificialsweetener aspartame as a sugar substitutein their products.

This lawsuit charges the defendants withbeing engaged in unlawful acts of"knowingly and intentionally using theneurotoxic Aspartame as a sugar substitutein the manufacture of Equal™, whileknowing that exposure to Aspartamecauses among other diseases/symptoms:abdominal pain, arthritis, asthma, braincancer, breathing difficulties, burning eyes

or throat, burning urination, chestpains, chronic cough, chronicfatigue, death, depression,diarrhea, headaches/migraines,hearing loss, heart palpitations,hives (urticaria), hypertension,impotency and sexual problems,memory loss, menstrual problemsor changes, nausea or vomiting,slurring of speech, tremors,tinnitus, vertigo and/or visionloss".

The lawsuit also states,"Further, Aspartame diseasemimics symptoms or worsens thefollowing diseases: Fibromyalgia,Arthritis, Multiple Sclerosis,Parkinson's Disease, Lupus,Diabetes, Epilepsy, Alzheimer'sDisease, birth defects, ChronicFatigue Syndrome, Lymphoma,Lyme Disease, Attention Deficit

Disorder (ADD), Panic Disorder,Depression and other psychologicaldisorders". (Source: News With Views, 16 September2004, www.newswithviews.com/)

BIOMETRIC ID SYSTEMSSWEEPING THE WORLD

In Russia, President Vladimir Putin hassigned an order for the establishment of

an interdepartmental working group to pre-pare the introduction of new-generationpassport and visa documents.

The group has been instructed todevelop, before 1 January 2006, aregulatory and legal framework for theimplementation of a state-run system ofmanufacture, filling out and control ofthese new-generation documents that willalso include biometric information.

It has also been ordered to create thefinancial/economic terms for the develop-ment and introduction of technologies thatwould meet world standards, as well as forthe unification of requirements for individ-ual passport/visa identification documents.(Source: Itar–Tass, 20 September 2004,http://www.itar-tass.com)

In Europe, the Draft Council Regulationon standards for security features and

biometrics in passports and traveldocuments issued by European Union(EU) member states—if not overturned bythe Council of Justice and HomeMinisters—will mean that every one of the450 million people with passports in theEU will have to queue up in "processing

“After unanimous passage through the Congress and Senate, President Bush solvedthe problem of getting America out of Iraq by declaring it the 51st state...”


centres" and compulsorily have theirfingerprints taken and have a facial scan.The biometric data gathered will be storedon a chip embedded in the new passports.

Personal details and the biometric datawill be held on national databases and onan EU-wide database of European Registerfor issued passports. The latter will be onthe Schengen Information System (SIS II)and will be accessible by law enforcementagencies. Regulations will be binding intheir entirety on all 25 member states.(Source: Statewatch, 24 October 2004)

In the UK, a Bill on identity cards willintroduce the compulsory taking of fin-

gerprints and a facial scan for all new andreplacement passports and driving licencesissued—meaning that these new micro-chipped cards will also be identity cards.The "processing" is expected to start in2006, and is expected to deal with overfive million people a year needing pass-ports. It is estimated that after six to 10years, 80% of the population will have anID card—at which point it will becomecompulsory for the rest.(Source: StateWatch.org, 24 October 2004,http://tinyurl.com/58at6)

In the USA, all visitors who are notrequired to have a visa will now be fin-

gerprinted and photographed. This evenapplies to 27 nations which have so farescaped the new security controls—includ-ing several European nations, Australia,New Zealand and Japan. Immigrationofficials will take a digital photo of eachvisitor and inkless prints of both index fin-gers. The data will be cross-referencedagainst "no-fly" lists held by anti-terroristand law enforcement agencies.

From October 2005, all passports issuedin the 27 countries on the visa waiverprogram must contain a barcode and adigital photo. By the end of next year, allUS border-crossing officials will becarrying out the new checks. (Source: BBC News, 30 September 2004)

CHEMICAL COCKTAIL FOUNDIN BLOOD OF EU MINISTERS

The blood of ministers from 13European Union countries has been

found to be contaminated with dozens ofindustrial chemicals, including some thatwere banned decades ago.

The officials have an average of 37industrial chemicals in their blood, accord-ing to tests conducted in June and released

in October by the World Wildlife Fund(WWF). The chemicals found in theEuropean officials include those used infire-resistant furniture, non-stick pans,greaseproof pizza boxes, flexible polyvinylchloride, fragrances and pesticides.

"The ministers are all contaminated withindustrial chemicals whose effects arelargely unknown," said Karl Wagner,director of WWF's DetoX Campaign. "Itis hard to believe that legislators have beenwilling to allow this uncontrolled experi-ment to continue for so many years."

The 14 environment and health ministerswere found to have a total of 55 industrialchemicals in their blood—53 per cent ofthe 103 chemicals tested. The highestnumber of chemicals found in any oneminister was 45, and the lowest was thirty-three.

All the officials tested positive for 25 ofthe same chemicals, including one flameretardant, two pesticides and 22 polychlo-rinated biphenyls (PCBs).

WWF tested ministers from GreatBritain, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Slovakia, Spainand Sweden.

The conservation group carried out thetests in a bid to rally support for tougherEuropean laws on chemical testing andidentification, in particular for the draftEuropean Union proposal known asREACH (Registration, Evaluation andAuthorisation of CHemicals), a law thatcould lead to the identification and phasingout of the most harmful chemicals.

Some 86 per cent of the 2,500 chemicalsused in large quantities do not haveenough safety information publicly avail-able to do a basic safety assessment,according to WWF.

The study of the European Union minis-ters can be found at http://www.world-wildlife.org/toxics/pubs/badblood.pdf. (Source: Environment News Service, 20October 2004)

THINGS GROW BETTER WITH COCA-COLA!

Indian farmers have come up with whatthey think is the "real thing" to keep

crops free of bugs. Instead of paying heftyfees to international chemical companiesfor patented pesticides, they are reportedlyspraying their crops with Coca-Cola.

Gotu Laxmaiah, a farmer in AndraPradesh, is one of hundreds of farmersdelighted with his new cola spray, whichhe applied this year to several hectares ofcotton. "I observed that the pests began todie after the soft drink was sprayed on mycotton," he told the Deccan Herald news-paper.

It is clearly not Coke's legendary"secret" ingredient that is upsetting thebugs. The farmers also swear by Pepsi,Thums Up, and other local soft drinks.

The properties of Coke have been dis-cussed for years. It has been reported thatit is a fine lavatory cleaner, a good wind-screen wipe and an efficient rust-spotremover.(Source: The Guardian, 2 November 2004,http://www.guardian.co.uk)

... GL BAL NEWS ...


US AIR FORCE RESEARCHINGANTIMATTER WEAPONS

The US Air Force is quietly spendingmillions of dollars investigating ways

to use antimatter in future weapons. Antimatter has been intensively studied

by physicists since the 1930s. In a sense,matter and antimatter are the yin and yangof reality: every type of subatomic particlehas its antimatter counterpart. But whenmatter and antimatter collide, they annihi-late each other in an immense burst ofenergy.

During the Cold War, the Air Forcefunded numerous scientific studies of thebasic physics of antimatter with a view topotential military uses, e.g., antimatterbombs small enough to hold in one's hand,and antimatter engines for 24/7 surveil-lance aircraft. More cataclysmic possibleuses include a new generation of super-weapons—either pure antimatter bombs orantimatter-triggered nuclear weapons; theformer wouldn't emit radioactive fallout.Another possibility is antimatter-poweredelectromagnetic pulse weapons that couldfry an enemy's electric power grid andcommunications networks, leaving him lit-erally in the dark and unable to operate.

On 24 March, Kenneth Edwards, directorof the "revolutionary munitions" team atthe Munitions Directorate at Eglin AirForce Base in Florida, was keynote speakerat the NASA Institute for AdvancedConcepts (NIAC) conference in Arlington,Virginia. He explained in his speech thatthe energy from colliding positrons andanti-electrons is "10 billion times...that ofhigh explosive".

Following an initial inquiry from the San

Francisco Chronicle, the Air Force forbadeits employees from publicly discussing theantimatter research program. Still, detailson the program appeared in numerous AirForce documents distributed over theInternet prior to the ban. (Source: San Francisco Chronicle , 4 October2004, http://tinyurl.com/6lv7r)

FDA APPROVES VERICHIP FORHUMAN IMPLANTATION

Applied Digital and Digital AngelCorporation have announced that

VeriChip™, the world's first implantableradiofrequency identification (RFID)microchip for human use, has been clearedby the US Food and Drug Administrationfor medical uses in the USA.

The VeriChip Health InformationMicrotransponder System consists of animplantable RFID microtransponder, aninserter, a proprietary hand-held scannerand a secure database containing thepatient-approved healthcare information.About the size of a grain of rice, VeriChipis a subdermal radiofrequency microchipthat is inserted under the skin in a brief out-patient procedure.

While the VeriChip cannot be seen bythe human eye, each chip contains a unique16-digit verification number that is cap-tured by briefly passing a scanner over theinsertion site. The captured 16-digit num-ber links to the database via encryptedInternet access. The previously storedinformation is then conveyed via theInternet to the registered requesting health-care provider.(Source: VeriChip press release, 13 October2004, http://tinyurl.com/3jp5u)

QUADRIPLEGIC CONTROLSCOMPUTER VIA BRAIN CHIP

Apill-sized brain chip has allowed aquadriplegic man to check email and

play computer games using his thoughts.The device can tap into a hundred neuronsat a time, and is the most sophisticated suchimplant so far tested in humans.

Many paralysed people control comput-ers with their eyes or tongue. But thesetechniques are limited by muscle functionand require a lot of training. For over adecade, researchers have been trying tofind a way to tap directly into thoughts.

In June 2004, surgeons implanted adevice containing 100 electrodes into themotor cortex of a 24-year-old quadriplegic.The device, called the BrainGate, wasdeveloped by the company Cyberkinetics,based in Foxborough, Massachusetts.

Each electrode taps into a neuron in thepatient's brain. The BrainGate allowed thepatient to control a computer or televisionusing his mind, even when doing otherthings at the same time. The researchersreported that, for example, he could controlhis television while talking and moving hishead. The team now plans to implantdevices into four more patients.

Rival teams are building devices to readbrain activity without touching neurons.Neural Signals, based in Atlanta, haspatented a conductive skull screw that sitsoutside the brain, just under the skull.Other researchers are developing non-invasive technologies, e.g., using anelectroencephalogram to read a patient'sthoughts.(Source: N a t u r e , 13 O c t o b e r 2 0 0 4 ,http://www.nature.com/news/index.html)

DID BUSH'S BUDDIES HACKTHE US ELECTION?

The underground media in America areunited in their belief that the US elec-

tion was "stolen", with not just one tacticbut several used in the process.

• Electronic Voting Machines: The keyto it all was the use of electronic votingmachines that produce no paper trail.These were manufactured mainly by twocompanies, ESS and Diebold. Both ofthese companies are big supporters of theRepublican Party and have good connec-tions with the same military/industrial/intelligence complex backing Bush.

A bill introduced in the House andSenate to outlaw these machines andrequire a paper printout of each vote, sothat the votes could be verified and/or

... GL BAL NEWS ...


PENTAGON WOULD ATTACK EU SATELLITES IN WARTIME

Senior Pentagon officials have warned Brussels that they will not hesitate toblow European Union satellites out of the sky if they are used against America

by a hostile power such as China.In an astonishing confrontation at a private conference between the United

States and the European Union (EU), European delegates insisted they would notbe prepared to turn off or jam signals from their proposed Galileo navigation satel-lites, even if they were being used in a war against the US. In response, the USdelegates replied that they understood this and intended—if faced with such athreat—to take whatever action they felt appropriate.

G a l i l e o is a joint European Union–European Space Agency initiative for aglobal navigation system. A constellation of 30 satellites orbiting the Earth at analtitude of 23,300 kilometres, it is scheduled to be fully operational worldwidebefore the end of this decade. Earlier this month, the EU announced that Chinahad become a partner in its 3.5 bn (US$4.4 bn, £2.4 bn) Galileo satellite system.

The state of Pentagon thinking on Galileo is confirmed in a US Air Force doc-trine document issued on 2 August 2004. In a foreword, Peter Teets, Under-Secretary of the US Air Force, asks: "What will we do 10 years from now whenAmerican lives are put at risk because an adversary chooses to leverage the globalpositioning system of perhaps the Galileo constellation to attack American forceswith precision?"

The conference, on the "Future of Transatlantic Military Space Relations", washeld at London's Royal United Services Institute, this month [October]. A seniorEuropean delegate said: "The Americans were very calm. They made it clear thatthey would attempt what they called reversible action, but, if necessary, theywould use irreversible action." The US would first try unilaterally to jam Galileo'ssignals, but if this failed it would use attack-satellites to destroy one or all of itsunits in an unprecedented Star Wars–style raid.

The London meeting also confirmed that the EU and US are well aware ofG a l i l e o's military potential, a fact until now denied by the UK government. Itreflects mounting US anger at the EU's decision, formalised this month, to includeChina in its space program. Some Pentagon figures are believed to suspect thatthe EU may even have given China secret assurances that it would never shutdown the system, giving China a massive boost if it were ever to attack Taiwan—akey US ally.

Speakers at the meeting included Robert Dickman, Deputy for Military Space,US Department of Defense; Luc Tytgat, head of the Space Unit, EuropeanCommission; Major General Robert Kehler, Director of the National SecuritySpace Office, US Department of Defense; Gerhard Brauer, head of the SecurityOffice, European Space Agency; and Major-General Michael Hamel, Commander14th Air Force, USAF Space Command. Top UK delegates were also present.

The USAF is working on a new generation of so-called "killer satellites" as partof a secretive project called the Experimental Satellite Series (XSS). It followsrecommendations contained in the Air Force's 1999 Microsatellite Technology andRequirements Study of a need for the deployment of satellites "to intercept, imageand, if needed, take action against a target satellite". A test satellite, coded XSS-10, was successfully launched in 2003, and the contract to build its successor,XSS-11, with a more specific sensor payload, has already been awarded.

Top Brussels officials are recommending that EU member states should pool allspace navigation resources, fuse their civilian and military programs and allowcollective access to them. This plan was discussed on 8 September by theEuropean Council's political and military strategy group, and it will be debated atministerial level by the end of the year. The European Commission recently said:"Space systems can also provide direct contributions to the Union's CommonForeign and Security Policy and its European Security and Defence Policy."(Source: by Allistar Heath and Tracy Boles, The Business [Europe's global businessnews], 24 October 2004, http://tinyurl.com/6j44p, http://www.thebusinessonline.com)

recounted, was stalled by the RepublicanParty and not allowed to go the vote.

Shortly after the 2 November election,countless stories of problems with themachines began to surface.

Many people who tried to vote for Kerrysaid that when the final screen confirma-tion came up, it said they'd voted for Bush.In one precinct in Ohio, 4,258 votes weregiven to Bush, where there were only 638registered voters!

Many more stories about the black-boxvoting machines, their problems and theinvestigation into their tampering are circu-lating. Blackboxvoting.org is leading theway in the investigation to prove that theresults were tampered with.

• Exit Polls: Exit polls were taken inevery state. In those states that had verifi-able paper trails for their ballots, the exitpolls were virtually the same as the realresults. However, in the states where elec-tronic voting machines were used, the exitpolls were mysteriously very different fromthe final reported totals.

• Unusual Results: In the areas wherecomputers were used to cast votes or tallythem, some very strange results have sur-faced. Here is just one example. In BakerCounty, Florida, there are 12,887 registeredvoters, 69.3% of whom are registeredDemocrats and 24.3% Republicans. Thevote count was only 2,180 for Kerry and7,738 for Bush. Are we supposed tobelieve that five out of every seven regis-tered Democrats voted for Bush? Thiskind of pattern was seen in many Floridaand Ohio counties.

• Intimidation: In addition to the elec-tronic voting machine fraud, there waswidespread voter intimidation and disen-franchisement on election day. In manyDemocratic areas, people waited hours tovote, while Republicans "challenged" vot-ers' rights to vote, forcing them to fill out aprovisional ballot instead of a real ballot.The provisional ballots were not countedon election day, and we may never knowhow many of them there were or what ruleswill be used to qualify them.

Three Congressmen have sent a letter tothe Government Accountability Office,requesting urgent action and an investiga-tion. Ralph Nader is leading a consumerinvestigation into voter fraud countrywide,and has already filed an official challengeto the voting results in New Hampshire. (Source: from Gary Beckwith, The Solar Bus,8 November 2004, http://www.solarbus.org/stealyourelection)

... GL BAL NEWS ...


To preserve our independence, we must not let our rulers load us with perpetualdebt. We must make our election between economy and liberty, or profusion ands e r v i t u d e .

— Thomas Jefferson

A Brief History of Money

For decades, the US dollar has served as the world's default currency. The phrase"sound as a dollar" has expressed the faith and confidence of generations of not onlyAmericans but people worldwide. That situation is coming to end, and the conse-quences will be far-reaching.

In order to understand why this sea change is about to occur, and what is at stake, it isnecessary to begin by examining in the briefest terms the history of money, banking and thed o l l a r .

Hunter-gatherer societies typically enjoyed a gift economy in which trade and barteroccurred only with people external to the tribe or band. Everyone within the band was treat-ed as family: whatever was available was shared without expectation of reciprocal exchange.

The story of the rise of social complexity is also the story of the gradual shrivelling of thegift economy and the expansion of the scope of trade—a story that culminates in our situa-tion today in which the market mediates nearly all categories of transactions between andamong humans, sometimes even within families.

Even many relatively complex societies of the past (such as the ancient Egyptian and Incancivilisations) managed to do without money. However, this new tool, wherever it appeared,served to facilitate and accelerate trade. Its effects were predictable; French HistorianFernand Braudel, writing of Europe in the Middle Ages, described them as "steep variationsin prices of essential foodstuffs; incomprehensible relationships in which man no longerrecognised himself, his customs or his ancient values". The individual caught up in mediae-val Europe's monetisation process found, again in Braudel's words, that "his work became acommodity, himself a 'thing'".

The kinds of money people have used are almost endless; however, in societies that haveadopted the widespread use of money, coins made of precious metals long ago becamefavoured over other options (including shells, beads, cattle and, in China, paper) due to theirrelative durability, portability and rarity. Since money serves several possible functions—astore of value, a measure of value, a medium of exchange and a standard of deferredpayment—in some cases individual societies have used two or more forms of moneysimultaneously.

Monetary history took a decisive turn with the emergence of banking in Europe during theMiddle Ages. Since travelling traders were frequently robbed of their coins or metal ingots,they took to depositing their metallic currency in the strongboxes of silversmiths andgoldsmiths, and carried redeemable receipts instead. Gradually these receipts came to beregarded as being equivalent to the metal itself. This was the first paper money.

Meanwhile, goldsmiths and silversmiths discovered that it was possible to issue receiptsfor metal coins which they did not actually possess—a practice that would eventually giverise to fiat currencies and fractional reserve banking.

Fiat currencies did not appear in the West in any significant quantity until the 19th century,when governments and national banks began issuing notes not backed by any precious metalcoinage whatever.

The US dollar maybe due for a

collapse if theOPEC oil-producing

nations decide tosell oil for euros

instead of dollars,or if the "mortgagebubble" bursts theUS economy from

within.

by Richard Heinberg © 2004

Editor/Publisher, MuseLetter1604 Jennings Avenue

Santa Rosa, CA 95401, USAEmail: [email protected]

Website: http://www.museletter.com

from MuseLetter #149, August 2004


Fractional reserve banking emerged at about the same time as asystem whereby banks were legally permitted to lend more moneythan they retained in deposits (regardless of whether those depositswere in the form of gold or fiat money). This process seems myste-rious and perhaps even a tad unethical to most people when they ini-tially learn of it. However, it has become the foundation of modernbanking and currency systems.

In effect, when a commercial bank makes a loan, it creates moneyfrom nothing. When the loan is repaid and is struck from the books,that money effectively disappears. Since it has been lent into exis-tence, virtually all fiat currency in modern money economies is tiedto debt, which requires the payment of interest.

The regulation of the money supply therefore depends on some-one's ability to set interest rates and thus encourage or discouragethe seeking of more loans.

Early Life of the US DollarFrom this point on, we will focus our attention on a particular cur-

rency: the US dollar.During the Revolutionary War the provisional authorities issued

paper money, which led to counterfeiting by the British and to vari-ous other forms of fraud.

The 1792 US Coinage Act provided for a national Mint where sil-ver dollars were to be produced alongwith gold coins, beginning in 1794. TheAct states: "The Dollar or Unit shall beof the value of a Spanish milled dollaras the same is now current, to wit, threehundred and seventy-one and one-quar-ter grains of silver." The Act also pre-scribed the death penalty for anyonedebasing the national currency.

The framers of the AmericanConstitution were divided on the ques-tion of whether their new nation shouldhave a national bank. Proponents (whowere themselves bankers or futurebankers) argued that a national bankwould be necessary for the proper regula-tion of a national currency; opponents argued that such an institutionwould effectively give a tiny banking elite control of the nation'seconomy. The opponents won: Article I of the US Constitutiongave Congress the power to coin money.

However, the proponents of a national bank, led by AlexanderHamilton, did not give up. At the time, local banks issued other cur-rencies in addition to the fledgling national currency. The nationneeded a single currency and a way of financing the government.All of the government's financial needs, said the Hamiltonians,should be underwritten by funds borrowed from the national bankand repaid by the government with funds raised by taxation from thepeople. Thomas Jefferson led the opposition.

Twice in the 19th century a national bank was established (in1791 and 1817), and twice abolished (the first time in 1811, thesecond in 1832, both times on charges that the bank was corrupt andunconstitutional). Further attempts were made to establish anational bank until the early years of the 20th century, but thesewere rejected on constitutional grounds.

The nation's money, controlled by the government, was some-times a fiat paper currency and sometimes backed by gold or silver.Periods of inflation or deflation led to depressions. Private bankscontinued to issue their own banknotes as currency until the end ofthe Civil War, during which Lincoln floated millions of dollars infiat "greenbacks" in order to finance the army. In 1878, Congress

began to redeem greenbacks for gold, which effectively put the USback on the gold standard until 1933.

In general, the Republicans were married to gold, while Populists,Democrats and the "Greenback Party" promoted silver and/or theprinting of lots of paper money. They argued that gold had becomeconcentrated in the hands of the bankers; if money were to get intothe hands of "real people", the government would have to issuemore fiat or silver-backed paper notes. The monetary question splitthe nation for decades.

Clearly, gold as money acts as a barrier to the expansion of creditmoney. This can be both good and bad: it prevents hyperinflation,but it can also put a brake on economic activity, leading in the worstinstances to deflation and depression. In 1896, the conflict came toa head as Populist William Jennings Bryan ran against pro-goldRepublican William McKinley. Though McKinley won, gold's timehad passed.

Following the Depression of 1907, Congress passed theOwen–Glass Federal Reserve Act of 1913, which established thenational banking cartel that controls the nation's currency to thisday. The Federal Reserve (known colloquially as "the Fed") is apeculiar hybrid government–private institution whose chairman isappointed by the US President but whose stock is entirely owned bymember banks. In effect, the Fed is a private corporation owned by

the interests that it nominally regulates onbehalf of the people.

After the Fed's establishment, thegovernment quickly recalled itsTreasury Notes and the Fed began issu-ing Federal Reserve Notes with apromise to redeem them for gold upondemand. Congress also handed the Fedcontrol of the nation's gold. The Fedthen began lending back the gold, ati n t e r e s t .

The Fed's tools for controlling theeconomy are few but powerful. It setsthe rules for member banks for fraction-al reserve banking (money creation) andsets the discount rate (the rate of interest

charged to member banks for the privilege of creating money).When the federal government wishes to take out a loan to pay for anew bomber or highway, it effectively borrows the money from theFed (though the debt usually then gets spread around to variousdomestic and foreign investors), which thus controls not only thenation's monetary system but government credit as well. The bene-fits issuing from the flow of insider information that results fromthat control are unknown but surely considerable. The Fed's deliber-ations occur in secret and the institution has never been audited.

Even after the Fed's creation, several kinds of currency existedfrom time to time during the early 20th century, including UnitedStates Notes, Gold Certificates and Silver Certificates. But, fromabout 1965 to the present, virtually all US currency has consisted ofFederal Reserve Notes—i.e., money created not by the government(which merely prints the paper notes themselves, which it sells tothe Fed for the cost of printing), but by the Federal Reserve and itsmember banks.

On March 9, 1933, at the deepest point of the Great Depression,Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Orders 6073, 6102, 6111 and6260, effectively declaring the US bankrupt. On April 5, 1933,Roosevelt declared a National Emergency that made it unlawful forany citizen of the United States to own gold, and ordered all goldcoins, gold bullion and gold certificates turned in to Federal Reservebanks by May 1 under the threat of fines and imprisonment. On

In effect, when acommercial bank makes a loan, it creates money

from nothing.


June 5, 1933, Congress enacted a joint resolution outlawing all goldclauses in contracts.

Henceforth, for the next 40 years in the US, a dual monetary sys-tem would prevail which denied gold redeemability to Americanswhile retaining it for foreigners.

The Dollar TriumphantThis brings us to the story of the dollar's rise to international

p r o m i n e n c e .Prior to World War II, the British pound sterling came close to

being a globally accepted standard currency, largely as a result ofthe fact that it was issued by an Empire upon which the Sun neverset. However, neither the Empire nor the British economy survivedthe war intact. The US economy, meanwhile, though having beenhammered by the Depression, emerged from World War II morerobust than ever.

A postwar economic and geopolitical regime gradually emergedduring the years 1944 to 1948. Postwar geopolitics would consist ofa long political Cold War (which was also an economic war betweenthe US and the USSR, itself a major oil producer and goods exporterwithin its sphere); meanwhile, the non-Soviet-dominated globaleconomy would be shaped in agreements settled on at internationalmeetings held in Bretton Woods, NewHampshire.

The Bretton Woods meetings of 1944led to the establishment of theInternational Bank of Reconstructionand Development (which later becamethe World Bank) and the InternationalMonetary Fund (IMF).

The chief feature of the BrettonWoods system consisted of the obliga-tion for each country to maintain theexchange rate of its currency within afixed range—plus or minus 1%—interms of gold. This well suited theUnited States, which at the time happenedto have the largest gold reserves of any nation.

The arrangement worked reasonably for all concerned, as long asAmerica remained the world's foremost energy producer and goodsexporter—which permitted it, in turn, to maintain its gold reserves.The US extended dollar credits by way of the Marshall Plan tofinance the rebuilding of postwar Europe, while American oil com-panies (and the Texas Railroad Commission) maintained stableprices for petroleum globally.

During this period, US foreign policy and domestic policy werecharacterised by liberalism: at home, economic inequality was atthe lowest point in modern American history; while abroad, theUnited States maintained minimal trade barriers between itself andWestern Europe, Japan and South Korea. It could easily afford toabsorb exports from these nations in return for their commitment ofsupport for the duration of the Cold War.

The US exercised leadership by consensus—again, because itcould easily afford to do so. This consensus evolved through bothGATT trade negotiations and geostrategic Bilderberg meetings, inwhich the main Western powers conspired to effectively control theeconomies and political destinies of most of the rest of the world'sn a t i o n s .

However, this first relatively benign phase of what Henry Lucecalled "the American Century" came to an end as a result of the con-fluence of three factors: the decline of US oil production, spirallingnational debt brought on by the Vietnam War, and increasingEuropean and Japanese economic strength.

1973–1999: The Petrodollar EraThe members of the US-dominated consensus, while agreeing to

cooperate, still had their own interests at heart and sought advan-tages wherever possible. F. William Engdahl, in an essay inCurrent Concerns titled "Iraq and the Hidden Euro-Dollar Wars"( h t t p : / / w w w . c u r r e n t c o n c e r n s . c h / a r c h i v e / 2 0 0 3 / 0 4 / 2 0 0 3 0 4 0 9 . p h p ) ,describes the subsequent unravelling:

"All during the 1960s, France's de Gaulle began to take...dollarexport earnings and demand gold from the US Federal Reserve, legalunder Bretton Woods at that time. By November 1967 the drain ofgold from US and Bank of England vaults had become critical. Theweak link in the Bretton Woods Gold Exchange arrangement wasBritain, the 'sick man of Europe'. The link broke as Sterling wasdevalued in 1967. That merely accelerated the pressure on the USdollar, as French and other central banks increased their call for USgold in exchange for their dollar reserves. They calculated that, withthe soaring war deficits from Vietnam, it was only a matter of monthsbefore the United States itself would be forced to devalue againstgold, so better to get their gold out at a high price."

By May 1971, even the Bank of England was demanding gold fordollars, and the drain on US reserves had become intolerable.Nixon did the only thing he could under the circumstances: he

abandoned the Gold Exchange programaltogether, and in August of that year asystem of floating currencies wasinstituted. Engdahl again:

"The break with gold opened the doorto an entirely new phase of theAmerican Century. In this new phase,control over monetary policy was, ineffect, privatized, with large internation-al banks such as Citibank, ChaseManhattan or Barclays Bank assumingthe role that central banks had in a goldsystem, but entirely without gold.'Market forces' now could determine thedollar. And they did with a vengeance."

In 1973, with the dollar now floating freely, the Arab nations ofOPEC embargoed oil exports to the US in retaliation for Americansupport for Israel in the Ramadan/Yom Kippur War. By this time itwas clear that US oil production had peaked and was in permanentdecline, and that America would become ever more dependent uponpetroleum imports. As oil prices soared 400%, the US economytook a nosedive.

The US and Saudi Arabia had formed a cooperative partnership in1945, following meetings between FDR and King Ibn Saud. US oilcompanies (Exxon, Mobil, Chevron, and Texaco) were already con-trolling Saudi discovery and production through a partnership withthe Kingdom, the Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Aramco). In 1973,the Saudi government increased its partner's share in the company to25%, and then 60% the next year. In 1980, the Saudi governmentretroactively gained full ownership of Aramco with financial effectas of 1976.

In 1975, the Saudis agreed to export their oil for US dollars exclu-sively. Soon OPEC as a whole adopted the rule. As a result, thedollar was backed not by gold but in effect by oil. Had the US per-mitted the Saudis to nationalise their oil industry in return for thisextraordinary favour? Because the Saudi royal family and the oilcompanies are all notoriously tight-lipped, we may never know.

In any case, the oil shock created enormously increased demandfor the floating dollar. Oil importing countries, including Germanyand Japan, were faced with the problem of how to earn or borrowdollars with which to pay their ballooning fuel bills. Meanwhile,

The Bretton Woods meetings of 1944 led to the establishment of the

International Bank ofReconstruction and

Development (which laterbecame the World Bank)

and the IMF.


OPEC oil countries were inundated with oil dollars. Many of theseoil dollars ended up in accounts in London and New York banks,where a new process—which Henry Kissinger dubbed "recyclingpetrodollars"—was instituted.

The process worked like this. OPEC countries were receivingbillions of dollars they could not immediately use. When Americanand British banks took these dollars in deposit, they were therebypresented with the opportunity for writing more loans (banks maketheir profits primarily from loans, but they can only write loans ifthey have deposits to cover a certain percentage of the loan—usually 10% to 15%, depending on the current fractional reserverequirements issued by the Fed or Bank of England). Since theeconomies of industrialised nations were in no position to take onmuch new debt, the banks were faced with a problem: to whomcould they lend a boatload of new petrodollar-based money?Kissinger, an adviser to David Rockefeller of Chase ManhattanBank, suggested the bankers use OPEC dollarsas a reserve base upon which to aggressively"sell" bonds or loans, not to US or UKcorporations and investors but to Third Worldcountries desperate to borrow dollars with whichto pay for oil imports.

By the late 1970s, these petrodollar debts hadlaid the basis for the Third World debt crisis ofthe 1980s (after interest rates exploded). Mostof that debt is still in place and is still stranglingmany of the poorer nations. Hundreds of bil-lions of dollars were recycled in this fashion.(Incidentally, the borrowed money usually foundits way back to Western corporations orbanks in any event, either by way of con-tracts with Western construction companiesor simple theft on the part of indigenousofficials with foreign bank accounts.)

Also during the 1970s and 1980s, theSaudis began using their petrodollar sur-pluses to buy huge inventories of unusableweaponry from US arms manufacturers.This was a hidden subsidy to the US econo-my and especially to the so-called DefenseDepartment.

As Engdahl points out, the petrodollarera was characterised by the US attempt toslow its geopolitical decline (arising from imperial overextensionabroad and resource depletion at home) by making the dollar anhegemonic currency:

"The IMF 'Washington Consensus' was developed to enforce dra-conian debt collection on Third World countries, to force them torepay dollar debts, prevent any economic independence from thenations of the South, and keep the US banks and the dollar afloat.The Trilateral Commission was created by David Rockefeller andothers in 1973 in order to take account of the recent emergence ofJapan as an industrial giant and try to bring Japan into the system.Japan, as a major industrial nation, was a major importer of oil.Japanese trade surpluses from export of cars and other goods wereused to buy oil in dollars. The remaining surplus was invested inUS Treasury bonds to earn interest. The G-7 was founded to keepJapan and Western Europe inside the US dollar system. From timeto time into the 1980s, various voices in Japan would call for threecurrencies—the dollar, German mark and yen—to share the worldreserve role. It never happened. The dollar remained dominant."

Simultaneously during the 1980s, the US effectively bankruptedthe Soviet Union by forcing the Soviets to pump their oil reserves at

the maximum rate in order to pay for the escalating arms race withAmerica and the US-fomented Afghan war, while reducing oilincome to the Soviets by asking the Saudis to keep world oil priceslow. As foreseen by the CIA, Soviet oil production peaked; and, asit declined, the nation's economy imploded. The Cold War had beenw o n .

The petrodollar era had worked to the American financial elite'sadvantage, but at an horrendous cost to the people of the ThirdWorld and to those of the former Soviet Union as well. Livingstandards declined in all of these countries as IMF "structuraladjustment" policies opened markets to the predatory process ofglobalisation led by US-based multinationals seeking cheap labourand raw materials. The people of the US suffered also, as America'smanufacturing base was "hollowed out" through outsourcing. Whilea quarter-century previously 60% of the world's export goods hadcarried a "Made in USA" label, now American companies were

interested primarily in "branding" products madein China or Central America. Jobs for USworkers were consequently downsized.

During the petrodollar era, American foreigneconomic policy and military policy continued tobe dominated by the voices of the traditional lib-eral consensus, which required that the US act inconcert with its allies. But this was about tochange.

1999 to Present: Hegemonic Decline,Imperial Hubris

As the Cold War ended, Europe was in theprocess of forging political and economicunity. Today the European Union and theeuro—an entirely new pan-Europeancurrency—present a subtle but serious threatto continued American monetary hegemony.This challenge has developed slowly overthe past 15 years, but its effects arecascading into view. In the US/UK invasionand occupation of Iraq we see the dynamicsof this new challenge at play, including theAmerican response to it. The Washingtonneo-conservatives have a term for thisresponse: "democratic imperialism".

As Jeremy Rifkin documents in his newbook, European Dream: How Europe's Vision of the Future isQuietly Eclipsing the American Dream, Europe is ever less a collec-tion of squabbling nations and ever more a cohesive economicsuperpower—one that exceeds the US in GDP, population and pro-ductivity. Europe shares America's dependency on depleting for-eign sources of oil and gas, and will likely be hit hard by the effectsof global climate change. Thus, over the long term, Europe'sprospects are dim—though no dimmer necessarily than those of anyother region.

However, in the short term, Europeans will enjoy some advan-tages over their American counterparts, including much greaterenergy efficiency (Europeans use energy at one-half the per-capitarate as Americans) and much less debt, resulting partly from muchsmaller military budgets. Moreover, Europe sits next to Russia,which still has considerable quantities of exportable oil and gas andstockpiles of nuclear and conventional weapons.

A Eurasian alliance between Russia, Germany and France wouldbe a geopolitical nightmare for Washington—and such an alliance isbeginning quietly and tentatively to emerge. Europe is also geo-graphically closer to the oil and gas reserves of the Middle East and

The petrodollar erahad worked to theAmerican financial

elite's advantage, butat an horrendous costto the people of theThird World and tothose of the former

Soviet Union as well.


Central Asia, which are increasingly accessible to it by pipeline (theUnited States must rely on tankers).

The development of this Eurasian challenge comes at a bad timefor Washington, which is in no position to offer the kinds of tradeconcessions it did in earlier decades in order to maintain the G-7consensus. America's only remaining strong suit is raw militarypower, and thus it has two options: to decline gracefully from itsposition as sole superpower, or to use its military to enforce globald o m i n a n c e .

Engdahl suggests that the neo-conservatives gained influence inWashington because a majority in the US power establishment findstheir views useful to advance a new aggressive US role in the world.Rather than work out areas of agreement with European partners,Washington increasingly sees Euroland as the major strategic threatto American hegemony, especially the "Old Europe" of Germanyand France. Just as Britain in decline after 1870 resorted to increas-ingly desperate imperial wars in South Africa and elsewhere, so theUnited States is using its military might to try to advance what it nolonger can by economic means. Here the dollar is the Achilles heel.

To understand why the dollar is America's Achilles heel, ametaphor is useful. Imagine being able to write checks [cheques]and then convince the people you givethem to not to cash them . Perhapsthey find the checks themselves com-forting to hold onto; or maybe youhave a friend who agrees to sell gro-ceries or gasoline for your checks only,and then happily stockpiles and recir-culates them. In either case, you maybe tempted to write checks for muchmore than you have in your bankaccount. As long as the checks them-selves are regarded as valuable and arenot cashed, you get a free ride.

But if people stop finding yourchecks comforting to hold onto, or ifyour friend starts selling groceries for other people's checks or forgold or silver, then the game is up. It will be revealed that youraccount is overdrawn and you will be in trouble.

The metaphor is not perfect. In fact, every nation in the world isattempting to write checks beyond its means. But the US has man-aged to do by far a better job of it than any other nation. The checkswe are not talking about are not just hoarded paper dollars (thoughthere are billions of these stuffed in mattresses around the world) butdollar-denominated investments and securities, including T-bills,stocks and mortgages. Currently the US is running a $700 billionper year trade deficit—this on top of trillions in government debtand trillions more in consumer debt. No other nation in the worldcomes remotely close to this level of bad-check writing, on either atotal or a per-capita basis.

If a run on the US dollar were to occur, then the only financialsolution would be to create even more dollars (presumably throughgovernment borrowing), which of course wouldn't actually solve theproblem and would in the long run make matters worse. The cur-rency would become almost worthless, and in the process realwealth (land, factories and natural resources) would be confiscatedand turned over to creditors.

What could cause this to happen? A decision by OPEC to sell oilopenly for euros could be a trigger. Some oil is already quietlybeing sold for euros, and several countries including Iran and SaudiArabia have floated the possibility of valuing oil against a basket ofcurrencies (meaning, effectively, dollars a n d euros). The ArabOPEC states have toyed with an idea that must be equally

worrisome to Brussels and Washington: to sell oil for gold (the golddinar). If and when this happens, the full wrath of America willdescend upon the Arab Middle East—and that's why it hasn'thappened yet.

The other likely trigger would be a collapse of the US economyfrom within, resulting from a bursting of the mortgage bubble. Therecent US economic "recovery" arose almost entirely from lowmortgage rates (set ultimately by the Fed), which allowed familiesto refinance their homes, cash out some of their equity and use themoney for immediate consumption. With oil prices soaring, the Fedwill eventually have to raise interest rates steeply in order to containinflation. But this may cause millions of home owners to default ontheir currently low-interest, adjustable-rate mortgages. In that event,property values would plummet, and with them would go the stock-market and the economy as a whole.

If the Fed's real owners are confident in the present Washingtonleadership, they will do everything in their power to delay theinevitable until after the election (and this is what they seem to bedoing). If they think it is time for a regime change, we may see thegreat unravelling begin even before November.

In either case, the response of US political leaders may be merelyto seek foreign scapegoats. As StanGoff writes in his recent essay,"Persian Peril" (see the websitehttp://www.fromthewilderness.com), itappears as if Iran is currently being setup as the next domino in the neo-cons'crusade for democracy in the MiddleEast. With Iranian and Russian coop-erative energy agreements blooming, aUS attack on Iran could be the triggerfor another all-out conflict on the scaleof the World Wars of the 20th century.

On the other hand, it is possible thatthe disastrous outcome of the Iraqinvasion has sunk deeply enough into

the awareness of Washington elites that further similar adventures(however desperately sought by the neo-cons) will be headed off bycooler minds.

How Can We Respond?There is no solution to any of this—in that there is nothing we can

do to make the problems go away. Their origins go far back in timeand are intertwined with the history of money itself, though moneyper se is not at the heart of the matter. Access to resources is, asever, the ultimate determiner of human destiny, but money hasbecome a tool universally used by humans to gain and hold accessto resources and as such it introduces its own set of possibilities andp e r i l s .

While there is no solution, there must be responses, and some arebetter than others. The relocalisation of economies (moving produc-ers and consumers closer together) and currencies are good places tostart. ∞

About the Author:Richard Heinberg is the author of six books including The Party's Over: Oil,War and the Fate of Industrial Societies (New Society, 2003; reviewed inNEXUS 10/01), and Powerdown: Options and Actions for a Post-CarbonW o r l d (New Society, 2004). He is a journalist and lecturer, an educator andeditor, and also a core faculty member of New College of California where heteaches a program on "Culture, Ecology and Sustainable Community". Hismonthly M u s e L e t t e r, now in its 13th year of publication, was nominated in1994 for an Alternative Press Award. His article in this issue, "TheEndangered US Dollar", was first published in M u s e L e t t e r #149, August 2004.Visit the M u s e L e t t e r website at http://www.museletter.com.

America's only remaining strong suit is raw military power, and thus

it has two options: to declinegracefully from its position as solesuperpower, or to use its military

to enforce global dominance.


Iwas asked to write a paper on some of the newer mechanisms of vaccine damage tothe nervous system, but in the interim I came across an incredible document thatshould blow the lid off the cover-up being engineered by the pharmaceuticalcompanies in conjunction with powerful governmental agencies.

It all started when a friend of mine sent me a copy of a letter from Congressman DavidWeldon, MD, to the Director of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Dr Julie L.Gerberding, in which he alludes to a study by a Dr Thomas Verstraeten, then representingthe CDC, on the connection between infant exposure to thimerosal-containing vaccinesand neurodevelopmental injury. In this shocking letter, Congressman Weldon refers to DrVerstraeten's study which looked at the data from the Vaccine Safety Datalink and founda significant correlation between thimerosal [an ethylmercury sodium salt] exposure viavaccines and several neurodevelopmental disorders including tics, speech and languagedelays and possibly ADD.

Congressman Weldon questions the CDC director as to why, following this meeting, DrVerstraeten published his results almost four years later in the journal Pediatrics to showjust the opposite; that is, that there was no correlation with any neurodevelopmental prob-lems related to thimerosal exposure in infants. In this letter, Congressman Weldon refersto a report of the minutes of this meeting held in Georgia, which exposes some incrediblestatements by the "experts" making up this study group. The group's purpose was to eval-uate and discuss Dr Verstraeten's results and data and make recommendations that wouldeventually lead to possible alterations in the existing vaccine policy.

I contacted Congressman Weldon's legislative assistant and he kindly sent me a com-plete copy of this report. Now, as usual in these cases, the government did not give upthis report willingly; it required a Freedom of Information Act lawsuit to pry it loose.Having read the report twice and carefully analysed it, I can see why they did not wantany outsiders to see it. It is a bombshell, as you shall see. In this analysis, I will not onlydescribe and discuss this report, but also will frequently quote the participants' wordsdirectly and supply the exact page number so others can see for themselves.

The official title of the meeting was the "Scientific Review of Vaccine Safety DatalinkInformation". This conference, held on June 7–8, 2000, at Simpsonwood Retreat Center,Norcross, Georgia, assembled 51 scientists and physicians, of which five represented vac-cine manufacturers. These included Smith Kline Beecham, Merck, Wyeth, NorthAmerican Vaccine and Aventis Pasteur.

During this conference, these scientists focused on the study of the Datalink material,whose main author was Dr Thomas Verstraesten who identified himself as working at theNational Immunization Program of the CDC. It was discovered by Congressman Weldonthat Dr Verstraeten left the CDC shortly after this conference to work in Belgium forGlaxoSmithKline, which manufacturers vaccines—a recurring pattern that has been giventhe name "revolving door". It is also interesting to note that GlaxoSmithKline wasinvolved in several lawsuits over complications secondary to their vaccines.

To start off the meeting, Dr Roger Bernier, Associate Director for Science in theNational Immunization Program (CDC), relates some pertinent history. He states thatCongressional action in 1977 required that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)review mercury being used in drugs and biologics (vaccines). In meeting this order, theFDA called for information from the manufacturers of vaccines and drugs. He notes thata group of European regulators and manufacturers met in April 1999 and noted the situa-tion but made no recommendations of changes. In other words, it was all for show.

US governmentagencies know thatvaccines containing

mercury andaluminium have

severe neurologicaleffects, yet they'vefailed to force themanufacturers to

remove these toxicmetals from mostvaccines includingthose injected into

babies.

Part 1 of 2

by Russell Blaylock, MD © 2004

Website: http://www.russellblaylockmd.com

At this point, Dr Bernier makes an incredible statement (page12). "In the United States there was a growing recognition thatcumulative exposure may exceed some of the guidelines." By"guidelines", he is referring to guidelines for mercury exposuresafety levels set by several regulatory agencies. The three guide-lines were set by the Agency for Toxic Substances and DiseaseRegistry (ATSDR), the FDA and the Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA). The most consistently violated safety guidelinewas that set by the EPA. He further explained that he was refer-ring to children being exposed to thimerosal in vaccines.

Based on this realisation that they were violating safety guide-lines, he says that this then "resulted in a joint statement of thePublic Health Service [PHS] and the American Academy ofPediatrics [AAP] in July of last year [1999], which stated that as along-term goal it was desirable to remove mercury from vaccinesbecause it was a potentially preventable source of exposure" (page12).

As an aside, one has to wonder where the Public Health Serviceand American Academy of Pediatrics were during all the years ofmercury use in vaccines and why they didn't know that, firstly,they were exceeding regulatory safety levels and, secondly, whythey weren't aware of the extensive literature showing deleteriouseffects on the developing nervous system of babies. As we shallsee, even these "experts" seem to be cloudy on the mercuryliterature.

Dr Bernier notes that, in August1999, a public workshop was held atBethesda in the Lister Auditoriumby the National Vaccine AdvisoryGroup and the Interagency WorkingGroup on Vaccines to considerthimerosal risk in vaccine use. Andbased on what was discussed in thatconference, thimerosal was removedfrom the hepatitis B vaccine (HepB).

It is interesting to note that themedia have taken very little interestin what was learned at that meeting,and it may have been a secret meet-ing as well. As we shall see, there is a reason why they struggleto keep the contents of all these meetings secret from the public.

Dr Bernier then notes (page 13) that in October 1999 theAdvisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) "lookedthis situation over again and did not express a preference for anyof the vaccines that were thimerosal free". In this discussion, hefurther notes that the ACIP concluded that thimerosal-containingvaccines could be used, but the "long-term goal" is to try toremove thimerosal as soon as possible.

Now, we need to stop and think about what has transpired here.We have an important group, the ACIP, which essentially plays arole in vaccine policy that affects tens of millions of childrenevery year. And we have evidence from the thimerosal meetingin 1999 that the potential for serious injury to the infant's brain isso serious that a recommendation for thimerosal removal becomespolicy. In addition, they are all fully aware that tiny babies arereceiving mercury doses that exceed even EPA safety limits, yetall they can say is that we must "try to remove thimerosal as soonas possible". Do they not worry about the tens of millions ofbabies who will continue to receive thimerosal-containingvaccines until they can get around to stopping the use ofthimerosal?

It should also be noted that it is a misnomer to say "removal ofthimerosal", since they are not removing anything. They just plan

to stop adding it to future vaccines once they use up existingstocks, which entails millions of doses. And incredibly, the gov-ernment allows them to do it. Even more incredibly, theAmerican Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy ofFamily Practice similarly endorse this insane policy. In fact, theyspecifically state that children should continue to receive thethimerosal-containing vaccines until a new thimerosal-free vac-cine can be manufactured at the will of the manufacturers. Arethey afraid that there will be a sudden diphtheria or tetanus epi-demic in America?

The most obvious solution is to use only single-dose vials,which require no preservative. So, why don't they use them? Oh,they exclaim, it would add to the cost of the vaccine. Of course,we are only talking about a few dollars per vaccine at most, cer-tainly worth the health of your child's brain and future. Theycould use some of the hundreds of millions of dollars they wasteon vaccine promotion every year to cover these costs for the poor.But then that would cut into some fat-cat's budget, and we can'thave that!

It was disclosed that thimerosal was in all influenza vaccines,DPT (and most DtaP) vaccines and all hepatitis B vaccines.

IGNORANCE OF THE EXPERTS As they begin to concentrate on the problem at hand, we first

begin to learn that the greatest prob-lem with the meeting is that the scien-tists and physicians know virtuallynothing about what they are doing.

On page 15, for example, theyadmit that there is very little pharma-cokinetic data on ethylmercury, theform of mercury in thimerosal. Infact, they said that there is no data onexcretion and the data on toxicity aresparse—yet thimerosal is recognisedto cause hypersensitivity, neurologicalproblems and even death, and isknown to pass the blood-brain barrierand the placental barrier easily.

Therefore, what they are admitting is that we have a form ofmercury that has been used in vaccines since the 1930s and noone has bothered to study the effects on biological systems,especially the brain of infants. Their defence throughout thisconference is "We just don't know the effects of ethylmercury".As a solution, they resort to studies on methylmercury becausethere are thousands of studies on this form of mercury. The majorsource of this form is seafood consumption.

It takes them a while to get the two forms of mercury straight,since for several pages of the report they say that methylmercury,rather than ethylmercury, is in thimerosal. They can be forgivenfor this. On page 16, Dr Johnson, an immunologist and paediatri-cian at the University of Colorado School of Medicine and theNational Jewish Center for Immunology and RespiratoryMedicine, notes that he would like to see the incorporation ofwide margins of safety; that is, threefold to tenfold margins ofsafety to "account for data uncertainties". What he means is thatthere are so many things we do not know about this toxin that wehad better use very wide margins of safety. For most substances,the FDA uses a 100-fold margin of safety. The reason for this,which they do not mention, is that in a society of hundreds of mil-lions of people there are groups who are much more sensitive tothe toxin than others; for instance, the elderly, the chronically ill,the nutritionally deficient, small babies, premature babies, those

It was disclosed that thimerosal[an ethylmercury sodium salt] was in all influenza vaccines, DPT (and most DtaP) vaccines

and all hepatitis B vaccines.


on certain medications, those with inborn defects in detoxifica-tion, just to name a few. In fact, in this study they excluded pre-mature and low-birth-weight babies from the main study, some ofwhom had the highest mercury levels, because they would be hardto study and because they had the most developmental problemsrelated to the mercury.

On page 16 as well, Dr Johnson makes an incredible statement,one that defines the problem we have with the promoters of thesevaccines. He states: "As an aside, we found a cultural differencebetween vaccinologist and environmental health people in thatmany of us in the vaccine arena have never thought about uncer-tainty factors before. We tend to be relatively concrete in ourthinking." Then he says: "One of the big cultural events in thatmeeting...was when Dr Clarkson repetitively pointed out to us thatwe just didn't get it about uncertainty, and he was actually quiteright." This is an incredible admission. What is a vaccinologist?Do you go to school to learn to be one?How many years of residency training arerequired to be a vaccinologist? Are thereboard exams? It's a stupid term used todescribe people who are obsessed with vac-cines—not that they actually study theeffects of the vaccines, as we shall seethroughout this meeting.

Most important is the admission by DrJohnson that he and his fellow"vaccinologists" are so blinded by theirobsession with forcing vaccines on societythat they have never even considered thatthere might be factors involved, the so-called"uncertainties", that could greatly affecthuman health. Further, that he and hisfellow "vaccinologists" like to think inconcrete terms; that is, they are verynarrow in their thinking and wearblinders that prevent them from seeingthe numerous problems occurring withlarge numbers of vaccinations ininfants and children. Their goal in lifeis to vaccinate as many people aspossible with an ever-growing numberof vaccines.

On page 17, his "concrete thinking"once again takes over. He refers to theBethesda meeting on thimerosal safetyissues and says that "there was no evidence of a problem, only atheoretical concern that young infants' developing brains werebeing exposed to an organomercurial". Of course, as I shall pointout later, it is a lot more than a "theoretical concern". He thencontinues by saying, "We agree that while there was no evidenceof a problem, the increasing number of vaccine injections given toinfants was increasing the theoretical mercury exposure risk".

It's hard to conceive of a true scientist not seeing the incredibleirony of these statements. The medical literature abounds withstudies on the deleterious effects of mercury on numerousenzymes, mitochondrial energy production, synaptic function,dendritic retraction, neurotubule dissolution and excitotoxicity,yet he sees only a "theoretical risk" associated with an ever-increasing addition of thimerosal-containing vaccines.

It is also important to note that these geniuses never even saw aproblem in the first place; it was pressure from outside scientists,parents of affected children and groups representing them whopointed out the problem. They were, in essence, reacting to

pressure from outside the "vaccinologists club" and notdiscovering internally that a problem "might" exist. In fact, ifthese outside groups had not become involved, these"vaccinologists" would have continued to add more and moremercury-containing vaccines to the list of required vaccines. Itwas only when the problem became so obvious—that is, ofepidemic proportion (now close to that)—and the legal professionbecame involved that they even noticed there was a problem.This is a recurring theme in the government's regulatory agencies,as witnessed with fluoride, aspartame, MSG, dioxin andpesticides issues.

It is also interesting that Dr Johnson does admit that the greatestrisk is among low birth-weight and premature infants. Now whywould that be if there existed such a large margin of safety withmercury used in vaccines? Could just a few pounds of bodyweight make such a dramatic difference? In fact it does, but it

also means that normal birth-weightchildren, especially those near the low rangeof normal birth weight, are also in greaterdanger. It also means that children receivingdoses of mercury higher than the 72 µg inthis study would be at high risk as wellbecause their dose, based on body weight,would be comparable to that of the lowbirth-weight children receiving the lowerdose. This is never even considered by these"vaccinologist experts" who decide policyfor your children.

DIFFICULTIES FOR CHILDREN INTHE THIRD WORLD

Now this next statement shouldshock everyone, but especially the poorwho may in any way think that these"vaccinologist" experts have their bestinterests in mind.

Dr Johnson says on page 17: "Weagree that it would be desirable toremove mercury from US-licensed vac-cines, but we did not agree that this wasa universal recommendation that wewould make because of the issue con-cerning preservatives for deliveringvaccines to other countries, particularlydeveloping countries, in the absence of

hard data that implied that there was in fact a problem."So, here you have it. The data are convincing enough that the

American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy ofFamily Practice as well as the regulatory agencies and the CDCall recommend mercury's removal as quickly as possible fromUS-licensed vaccines because of concerns about the adverseeffects of mercury on brain development, but don't recommendthe same for vaccines given to children in developing countries. Ithought the whole idea of child health programs in the UnitedStates directed toward the developing world was to give poor chil-dren a better chance in an increasingly competitive world. Thispolicy being advocated would increase the neurodevelopmentalproblems seen in poor children of developing countries (as well asin the US), impairing their ability to learn and develop competi-tive minds. Remember, there was a representative of the WorldHealth Organization (WHO), Dr John Clements, serving on thispanel of "experts". He never challenges this statement made byDr Johnson.


...regulatory agenciesand the CDC all

recommend mercury'sremoval as quickly as

possible from US-licensed vaccinesbecause of concerns

about the adverse effects of mercury onbrain development,

but don't recommend the same for vaccinesgiven to children in

developing countries.


It also needs to be appreciated that children in developingcountries are at a much greater risk of complications fromvaccinations and from mercury toxicity than are children indeveloped countries. This is because of poor nutrition,concomitant parasitic and bacterial infections and a highincidence of low birth weight in these children. We are nowwitnessing a disaster in African countries caused by the use ofolder, live-virus polio vaccines, which has now produced anepidemic of vaccine-related polio; that is, polio caused by thevaccine itself. In fact, in some African countries, polio was notseen until the vaccine was introduced.

The WHO and the "vaccinologist experts" from the US nowjustify a continued polio vaccination program with this dangerousvaccine on the basis that now they've created the epidemic ofpolio, they cannot stop the program. In a recent article it waspointed out that this is the most deranged reasoning, since morevaccines will mean more vaccine-relatedcases of polio. But then "vaccinologists"have difficulty with these "uncertainties".(Refer to Jacob, J.T., "A developing countryperspective on vaccine-associated paralyticpoliomyelitis", WHO Bulletin 2004; 82:53-58; see commentary by D. M. Salisbury atthe end of the article.)

Then Dr Johnson again emphasises thephilosophy that the health of children is sec-ondary to "the program" when he says, "Wesaw some compelling data that delaying thebirth dose of HepB vaccine would lead tosignificant disease burden as a consequenceof missed opportunity to immunize".This implies that our children would beendangered from the risk of hepatitisB, should the vaccine program stopvaccinating newborns with the HepBvaccine.

In fact, this statement is not based onany risk to US children at all and hemakes that plain when he states that"the potential impact on countries thathave 10% to 15% newborn hepatitis Bexposure risk was very distressing toconsider" (page 18). In other words,the risk is not to normal US childrenbut to children in developing countries.In fact, hepatitis B is not a risk until the teenage years and after inthe United States. The only at-risk group among children is withchildren born to drug-using parents, mothers infected with hepati-tis B, or HIV-infected parents. The reason for vaccinating thenewborns is to capture them before they can escape the vaccineprogram of the "vaccinologists".

This is a tactic often used to scare mothers into having theirchildren vaccinated. For example, they say that, if children are notvaccinated against measles, millions of children could die during ameasles epidemic. They know this is nonsense. They are usingexamples taken from developing countries where epidemic deathscan occur among populations with poor nutrition and poor immunefunction. In the United States we would not see this because ofbetter nutrition, better health facilities and better sanitation.Actually, most deaths seen when measles outbreaks occur in theUnited States occur in children for whom vaccination wascontraindicated, children in whom the vaccine did not work or inchildren with chronic, immune-suppressing diseases. In fact, in

most studies these children catching measles or other childhooddiseases have been either fully immunised or partially immunised.The big secret among "vaccinologists" is that anywhere from 20%to 50% of children are not resistant to the diseases for which theyhave been immunised.

Also on page 18, Dr Johnson tells the committee that it was DrWalt Orenstein who "...asked the most provocative questionwhich introduced a great deal of discussion. That was, should wetry to seek neurodevelopmental outcomes for children exposed tovarying doses of mercury by utilizing the Vaccine Safety Datalinkdata from one or more sites?"

I take it from this that no one ever even thought of looking atthe data that had just been sitting there unreviewed all these years.Children could have been dropping like flies or suffering fromterrible neurodevelopmental defects caused by the vaccineprogram, and no one in the government would have known. In

fact, that is exactly what the data suggestedwas happening, at least as regardsneurodevelopmental delays.

We should also appreciate that thegovernment sponsored two conferences onthe possible role of metals—aluminium[aluminum] and mercury—being used invaccines, but instituted no change in vaccinepolicy after the meetings. These conferenceswere held a year before this June 2000meeting and before any examination of thedata, which were being held onto tightly bythe CDC—data which were denied to otherindependent, highly qualified researchers.

THE NEUROTOXICITY OFALUMINIUM

I will write more about what wasdiscussed at the aluminum conferencelater. It is very important and is onlybriefly referred to at this conference fora very good reason. If the public knewwhat had been discussed at thealuminium meeting, no one would everagain get a vaccination using thepresently manufactured types ofvaccines.

Despite what was discussed at thealuminium meeting and the scientific

literature on the neurotoxicity of aluminum, Dr Johnson makesthe following remark: "aluminum salts have a very wide marginof safety. aluminium and mercury are often simultaneouslyadministered to infants, both at the same site and at differentsites." Also on page 20 he states: "However, we also learned thatthere is absolutely no data, including animal data, about the poten-tial for synergy, additively or antagonism [sic], all of which canoccur in binary metal mixtures..."

It is important here to appreciate a frequently used deception bythose who are trying to defend an indefensible practice. They usethe very same language just quoted; that is, that there are no datato show..., etc., etc. They intend it to convey the idea that theissue has been looked at and studied thoroughly and that no toxic-ity has been found. In truth, it means that no one has looked atthis possibility, and there have been no studies that would give usan answer one way or the other.

In fact, we know that aluminium is a significant neurotoxin andthat, as such, it shares many common mechanisms with mercury.

The big secret among"vaccinologists"

is that anywhere from20% to 50%

of children are notresistant to the

diseases for which they have been

immunised.

For example, they are both toxic to neuronal neurotubules,interfere with antioxidant enzymes, poison DNA repair enzymes,interfere with mitochondrial energy production, block theglutamate reuptake proteins (GLT-1 and GLAST), bind to DNAand interfere with neuronal membrane function. Toxins that sharetoxic mechanisms are almost always additive and frequentlysynergistic in their toxicity. So, Dr Johnson's statement is sheernonsense.

A significant number of studies show that both of these metalsplay a major role in all of the neurodegenerative disorders. It isalso important to remember that both of these metals accumulatein the brain and spinal cord. This makes them accumulative tox-ins and therefore makes them much more dangerous than rapidlyexcreted toxins.

To jump ahead, on page 23 Dr Tom Sinks, Associate Directorfor Science at the National Center for Environmental Health at theCDC and Acting Division Director for the Division of BirthDefects, Developmental Disabilities and Health, asks: "I wonderis there a particular health outcome that is related to aluminumsalts that may have anything that we are looking at today?" DrMartin Meyers, Acting Director ofthe National Vaccine ProgramOffice, answers: "No, I don't believethere are any particular healthconcerns that were raised." This isafter an aluminium conference heldthe previous year that did indeed findsignificant health concerns and anextensive scientific literatureshowing aluminium to be of greatconcern.

On page 24, Dr William Weil, apaediatrician representing theCommittee on Environmental Healthof the American Academy ofPediatrics, brings some sense to the dis-cussion by reminding participants of "...a host of neurodevelop-mental data that would suggest that we've got a serious problem.The earlier we go, the more serious the problem." Here he meansthat the further back you go during the child's brain development,the more likely the damage to the infant. I must give him credit;at least he briefly recognises that a significant amount of braindevelopment does take place later. He also reminds his col-leagues that aluminium produces severe dementia and death indialysis cases. He concludes by saying, "To think there isn't somepossible problem here is unreal" (page 25).

Not to let it end there, Dr Meyers adds: "We held the alu-minum meeting in conjunction with the metal ions in biology andmedicine meeting; we were quick to point out that in the absenceof data, we didn't know about additive or inhibitory activities."Once again, we see the "no data" ploy. There are abundant dataon the deleterious effects of aluminium on the brain, a significantportion of which came out in that very meeting.

MERCURY NEUROTOXICITY Dr Johnson also quotes Dr Thomas Clarkson (who identifies

himself as associated with the mercury program at the Universityof Rochester) as saying that delaying the HepB vaccine for sixmonths or so would not affect the mercury burden (page 20). Hemakes the correct conclusion when he says: "I would havethought that the difference was in the timing. That is, you areprotecting the first six months of the developing central nervoussystem."

Hallelujah! For a brief moment I think they have stumbled onone of the most basic concepts in neurotoxicology. Then DrMeyers dashes my hopes by saying that single, separated doseswould not affect blood levels at all.

At this juncture, we need a little enlightenment. It is importantto appreciate that mercury is a fat-soluble metal; that is, it isstored in the body's fat. The brain contains 60% fat and thereforeis a common site for mercury storage. Now, they establish in thisdiscussion that about half the methylmercury is excreted over sev-eral months when ingested.

A recent study found that ethylmercury has a half-life of sevendays. Even so, a significant proportion of the mercury will enterthe brain (it has been shown to pass easily through the blood-brainbarrier), where it is stored in the phospholipids (fats). With eachnew dose—and remember, these children receive as many as 22doses of these vaccines—another increment is added to the brainstorage depot. This is why we call mercury an accumulativepoison. They never once, not once, mention this vital factthroughout the entire conference. Not once. Moreover, they doso for a good reason: it gives the unwary, those not trained in

neuroscience, assurance that all thatmatters here is the blood level.

In fact, on page 163, Dr RobertBrent, a developmental biologist andpaediatrician at Thomas JeffersonUniversity and Dupont Hospital forChildren, says that we don't have datashowing accumulation and that "withthe multiple exposures you get anincreasing level, and we don't knowwhether that is true or not". Heredeems himself somewhat by point-ing out that some of the damage isirreversible and that more irreversibledamage occurs with each dose, and inthat way it is accumulative.

On page 21, Dr Thomas Clarkson makes an incredible state-ment, implying that he knows of no studies which show that expo-sure to mercury after birth or at six months would have deleteri-ous effects. Dr Isabelle Rapin, a neurologist for children at AlbertEinstein College of Medicine, follows up by saying she is "not anexpert on mercury in infancy" but knows mercury can affect thenerves (peripheral nervous system). So, here is one of our expertsadmitting that she knows little about the effects of mercury on theinfant. My question is: why is she here? Dr Rapin states that shehas a keen interest in developmental disorders, in particular thoseinvolving language and autism, yet she knows little about theeffects of mercury on the infant brain.

This conference is concerned with the effects of mercury in theform of thimerosal on infant brain development, yet throughoutthis conference our experts, especially the "vaccinologists", seemto know little about mercury except limited literature that showsno toxic effects except at very high levels. None of the well-known experts was invited, such as Dr Ascher from BowmanGrey School of Medicine or Dr Haley Boyd, who has done exten-sive work on the toxic effects of low concentrations of mercuryon the central nervous system (CNS). They were not invitedbecause they would be harmful to the true objective of this meet-ing, which was to exonerate mercury in vaccines.

Several times throughout this conference, Dr Brent remindseveryone that the most sensitive period for the developing brain isduring the early stages of pregnancy. In fact, he pinpoints the 8thto 18th weeks as the period of neuromaturation. In fact, the most


It is important to appreciate thatmercury is a fat-soluble metal;that is, it is stored in the body'sfat. The brain contains 60% fatand therefore is a common site

for mercury storage.

rapid period of brain maturation, synaptic development and brainpathway development is during the last three months ofpregnancy, and it continues until two years after birth. This isoften referred to as the "brain growth spurt". This is also notmentioned once in this conference, again because if mothers knewthat their child's brain was busy developing for up to two yearsafter birth they would be less likely to accept this "safety ofmercury" nonsense which these "vaccinologists" proclaim.

The brain develops over 100 trillion synaptic connections andtens of trillions of dendritic connections during this highly sensi-tive period. Both dendrites and synapses are very sensitive, evento very low doses of mercury and other toxins. It has also beenshown that subtoxic doses of mercury can block the glutamatetransport proteins that play such a vital role in protecting the brainagainst excitotoxicity.

Compelling studies indicate that damage to this protective sys-tem plays a major role in most of the neurodegenerative diseasesand abnormal brain development as well.

Recent studies have shown that glutamateaccumulates in the brains of autistic children,yet the experts seem to be unconcernedabout mercury, a substance that is very pow-erful in triggering brain excitotoxicity.

It is also interesting to see how manytimes Dr Brent emphasises that we do notknow the threshold for mercury toxicity inthe developing brain. Again, that is not true.We d o know, and the Journal ofN e u r o t o x i c o l o g y states that anything above10 µg is neurotoxic. The WHO in fact statesthat there is no safe level of mercury.

On page 164, Dr Robert Davis,Associate Professor of Pediatrics andEpidemiology at the University ofWashington, makes a very importantobservation. He points out that in apopulation like the United States youhave individuals with varying levels ofmercury from other causes (diet, livingnear coal-burning facilities, etc.), andby vaccinating everyone you raisethose with the highest levels even high-er and bring those with median levelsinto a category of higher levels. The"vaccinologists" with their problem of"concrete thinking" cannot seem toappreciate the fact that not everyone is the same. That is, they failto see these "uncertainties".

To emphasise this point further, let's take a farming family wholives within three miles of a coal-burning electrical plant. Sincethey also live near the ocean, they eat seafood daily. Thefertilisers, pesticides and herbicides used on the crops containappreciable levels of mercury.

The coal-burning electrical plant emits high levels of mercuryin the air they breathe daily, and the seafood they consume haslevels of mercury higher than EPA safety standards. This meansthat any babies born to these people will have very high mercurylevels. Once born, they are given numerous vaccines containingeven more mercury, thereby adding significantly to their alreadyhigh mercury burden.

Are these "vaccinologists" trying to convince us that these chil-dren don't matter and that they are to be sacrificed at the altar ofthe "vaccine policy"?

LEVELS OF "ACCEPTABLE EXPOSURE"Recent studies by neurotoxicologists have observed that as our

ability improves at detecting subtle toxic effects, especially onbehaviour and other neurological functions, we lower the level ofacceptable exposure. In fact, Dr Sinks brings up that exact point,using lead as an example. He notes that as our neurobehaviouraltesting has improved, we have lowered the acceptable dose con-siderably and continue to do so. Dr Johnson has the audacity toadd that "The smarter we get, the lower the threshold". Yet, nei-ther he nor the other participants seems to be getting any smarterconcerning this issue.

Dr Robert Chen, Chief of Vaccine Safety and Development atthe National Immunization Program at the CDC, then reveals whythey refuse to act on this issue. On page 169 he says: "...the issueis that it is impossible, unethical to leave kids unimmunized, soyou will never, ever resolve that issue. So then we have to referback from that." In essence, immunisation of the children takes

precedence over safety concerns with thevaccines themselves. If the problem of vac-cine toxicity cannot be solved, as he seemsto be saying, then we must accept that somekids will be harmed by the vaccines.

Dr Brent makes the statement that heknows of no known genetic susceptibilitydata on mercury and therefore assumes thereis a fixed threshold of toxicity; that is, thateveryone is susceptible to the same dose ofmercury and that there are no geneticallyhypersensitive groups of people.

In fact, a recent study found just such agenetic susceptibility in mice. Researchers

found that mice susceptible to autoim-munity developed neurotoxic effects,including excitotoxicity, in their hip-pocampus—effects not seen in otherstrains of mice. They even hypothe-sised that the same may be true inhumans, since familial autoimmunityincreases the likelihood of autism inoffspring (Hornig, M., Chian, D.,Lipkin, W.I., "Neurotoxic effects ofpostnatal thimerosal are mouse-straindependent", Mol. Psychiatry, 2004, inpress).

For the next quotation, you need alittle discussion to be able to appreciate

the meaning. They are discussing the fact that, in Dr Verstraeten'sstudy, frightening correlations were found between the higherdoses of thimerosal and problems with neurodevelopment,including ADD and autism. The problem with the study was thatthere were so few children who had received no thimerosal-containing vaccines that a true control group could not be used.Instead, they had to use children getting 12.5 µg of mercury as thecontrol, and some even wanted to use a control dose of 37.5 µg.So the controls had mercury levels that could indeed causeneurodevelopmental problems. Even with this basic flaw, astrong positive correlation was found between the dose ofmercury given and these neurodevelopmental problems.

It was proposed that they compare a group of children receivingnon-thimerosal vaccines with a group receiving vaccinescontaining thimerosal. In fact, we later learn that they had a large


Continued on page 74

The World HealthOrganization

in fact states thatthere is no safe

level of mercury [in the body].


WOMEN'S EXPERIENCE IN MEDICINE

Briefly, we will look at the medical iatrogenesis of women in particular. DrMartin Charcot (1825–1893) was world-renowned, the most celebrated doctorof his time. He practised in the Paris hospital La Salpetrière. He became anexpert in hysteria, diagnosing an average of 10 hysterical women each day,

transforming them into "iatrogenic monsters", turning simple "neurosis" into hysteria. 9 6

The number of women diagnosed with hysteria and hospitalised rose from 1% in 1841 to17% in 1883. Hysteria is derived from the Latin h y s t e r a, meaning "uterus".

Dr Adriane Fugh-Berman stated very clearly in her paper that there is a tradition in USmedicine of excessive medical and surgical interventions on women. Only 100 yearsago, male doctors decided that female psychological imbalance originated in the uterus.When surgery to remove the uterus was perfected, it became the "cure" for mental insta-bility, effecting a physical and psychological castration. Dr Fugh-Berman noted that USdoctors eventually disabused themselves of that notion but have continued to treatwomen very differently than they treat men.9 7 She cites the following:

1. Thousands of prophylactic mastectomies are performed annually. 2. One-third of US women have had a hysterectomy before menopause.3. Women are prescribed drugs more frequently than are men.4. Women are given potent drugs for disease prevention, which results in disease sub-stitution due to side effects. 5. Foetal monitoring is unsupported by studies and not recommended by the CDC.9 8 I tconfines women to a hospital bed and may result in higher incidence of Caesareans e c t i o n .9 9

6. Normal processes such as menopause and childbirth have been heavily medicalised. 7. Synthetic hormone replacement therapy (HRT) does not prevent heart disease ordementia. It d o e s increase the risk of breast cancer, heart disease, stroke and gallbladder attack.1 0 0

We would add that as many as one-third of postmenopausal women use HRT. 101, 102

These numbers are important in light of the much-publicised Women's Health InitiativeStudy, which was forced to stop before its completion because of a higher death rate inthe synthetic oestrogen–progestin (HRT) group.1 0 3

Caesarean SectionIn 1983, 809,000 Caesarean sections (21% of live births) were performed, making it

the most common obstetric and gynaecologic (OB/GYN) surgical procedure. The sec-ond most common OB/GYN operation was hysterectomy (673,000), and diagnostic dila-tion and curettage of the uterus (632,000) was third. In 1983, OB/GYN operations repre-sented 23% of all surgery completed in the United States.1 0 4

In 2003, Caesarean section was still the most common OB/GYN surgical procedure.Approximately four million births occur annually, with a 26.1% C-section rate, i.e., onemillion operations.1 0 5 a According to earlier reports from The Netherlands in 1995, only8% of babies were delivered by Caesarean section.1 0 5 b Assuming human babies are simi-lar in the USA and in The Netherlands, and using those statistics, 700,000 unnecessaryC-sections are performed in the United States annually, with a three to four times highermortality rate and 20 times greater morbidity rate than vaginal delivery.

The Caesarean section rate was only 4.5% in the US in 1965. By 1986 it had climbedto 24.1%. Sakala stated that obviously an "uncontrolled pandemic of medically

Unnecessarytreatments for

women's healthproblems and poorcare of the elderlyin so many nursing

homes aresymptomatic of amedical/health

system in need ofimmediateattention.

Part 3 of 3

by Carolyn Dean, MD, ND Martin Feldman, MD

Gary Null, PhDDebora Rasio, MD

© 2004 Nutrition Institute of America, Inc.

Website: http://www.nutritioninstituteofamerica.org

unnecessary Caesarean births is occurring".1 0 6 VanHam reporteda Caesarean section postpartum haemorrhage rate of 7%, ahaematoma formation rate of 3.5%, a urinary tract infection rateof 3%, and a combined postoperative morbidity rate of 35.7% ina high-risk population undergoing Caesarean section.1 0 7

The greatest cause of morbidity in vaginal births is anorectaltearing. In a study of 20,500 women, 5% required an episiotomyand 67 patients (.0033%) experienced wound disruption thatrequired surgical correction resulting in a "satisfactoryo u t c o m e " .1 0 7 a

NEVER ENOUGH STUDIESScientists used the excuse that there were never enough studies

revealing the dangers of DDT and other dangerous pesticides toban them. They also used this excusearound the issue of tobacco, claiming thatmore studies were needed before they couldbe certain that tobacco really caused lungcancer. Even the American MedicalAssociation (AMA) was complicit in sup-pressing results of tobacco research. In1964, the Surgeon-General's report con-demned smoking; however, the AMArefused to endorse it. What was their rea-son? They needed more research. Actually,what they really wanted was more moneyand they got it from a consortium of tobaccocompanies that paid the AMA US$18 mil-lion over the next nine years, during whichthe AMA said nothing about the dan-gers of smoking. 1 0 8

The Journal of the AmericanMedical Association (J A M A), "aftercareful consideration of the extent towhich cigarettes were used by physi-cians in practice", began acceptingtobacco advertisements and money in1933. State journals such as the N e wYork State Journal of Medicine a l s obegan to run Chesterfield ads, claimingthat cigarettes are "Just as pure as thewater you drink…and practicallyuntouched by human hands". In 1948,J A M A argued that "more can be said inbehalf of smoking as a form of escape from tension than againstit...there does not seem to be any preponderance of evidence thatwould indicate the abolition of the use of tobacco as a substancecontrary to the public health".1 0 9

Today, scientists continue to use the excuse that they needmore studies before they will lend their support to restrict theinordinate use of drugs.

OVERVIEW OF STATISTICAL TABLES AND FIGURESAdverse Drug Reactions

The Lazarou study1 was based on statistical analysis of 33million US hospital admissions in 1994. Hospital records forprescribed medications were analysed. The number of seriousinjuries due to prescribed drugs was 2.2 million; 2.1% of in-patients experienced a serious adverse drug reaction; 4.7% of allhospital admissions were due to a serious adverse drug reaction;and fatal adverse drug reactions occurred in 0.19% of in-patientsand 0.13% of admissions. The authors concluded that a projected106,000 deaths occur annually due to adverse drug reactions.

We used a cost analysis from a 2000 study in which theincrease in hospitalisation costs per patient suffering an adversedrug reaction was $5,483. Therefore, costs for the Lazaroustudy's 2.2 million patients with serious drug reactions amountedto $12 billion.1, 49

Serious adverse drug reactions commonly emerge after Foodand Drug Administration approval. The safety of new agentscannot be known with certainty until a drug has been on themarket for many years. 1 1 0

B e d s o r e sOver one million people develop bedsores in US hospitals

every year. It's a tremendous burden to patients and family, anda $55 billion health care burden.7 Bedsores are preventable with

proper nursing care. It is true that 50% ofthose affected are in a vulnerable age groupof over seventy. In the elderly, bedsorescarry a fourfold increase in the rate of death.The mortality rate in hospitals for patientswith bedsores is between 23% and 37%. 8

Even if we just take the 50% of people over70 with bedsores and the lowest mortality at23%, that gives us a death rate due to bed-sores of 115,000.

Critics will say that it was the disease oradvanced age, not the bedsores, that killedthe patient, but our argument is that an earlydeath due to being denied proper caredeserves to be counted. It is only after

counting these unnecessary deaths thatwe can then turn our attention to fixingthe problem.

Malnutrition in Nursing HomesThe General Accounting Office

(GAO), a special investigative branchof US Congress, gave citations to 20%of the nation's 17,000 nursing homesfor violations between July 2000 andJanuary 2002. Many violationsinvolved serious physical injury andd e a t h .1 1 1

A report from the Coalition forNursing Home Reform states that at

least one-third of the nation's 1.6 million nursing home residentsmay suffer from malnutrition and dehydration, hastening theirdeath. The report calls for adequate nursing staff to help feedpatients who aren't able to manage a food tray by themselves.1 1 I tis difficult to place a mortality rate on malnutrition and dehydra-tion. This Coalition report states that malnourished residents,compared with well-nourished hospitalised nursing home resi-dents, have a five-fold increase in mortality when they are admit-ted to hospital. So, if we take one-third of the 1.6 million nursinghome residents who are malnourished and multiply that by amortality rate of 20%,8, 14 we find 108,800 premature deaths dueto malnutrition in nursing homes.

Nosocomial InfectionsThe rate of nosocomial [i.e., hospital-related] infections per

1,000 patient days has increased 36%, from 7.2 in 1975 to 9.8 in1995. Reports from more than 270 US hospitals showed that thenosocomial infection rate itself had remained stable over the pre-vious 20 years with approximately five to six hospital-acquired


Today, scientists continue to use the

excuse that they need more studies before they will

lend their support to restrict the inordinate use

of drugs.

infections occurring per 100 admissions, which is a rate of 5–6%.However, because of progressively shorter in-patient stays andthe increasing number of admissions, the actual number of infec-tions increased.

It is estimated that in 1995, nosocomial infections cost $4.5billion and contributed to more than 88,000 deaths in the USA—one death every six minutes.9 The 2003 incidence of nosocomialmortality is quite probably higher than in 1995 because of thetremendous increase in antibiotic-resistant organisms. M o r b i d i t yand Mortality Weekly Report found that nosocomial infectionscost $5 billion annually in 1999.1 0 This is a $0.5 billion increasein four years. The present cost of nosocomial infections maynow be in the order of $5.5 billion.

Out-patient Iatrogenesis Dr Barbara Starfield in a 2000 J A M A paper presents us with

well-documented facts that are both shocking and unassailable:1 2

1. The US ranks 12th out of 13 countries in a total of 16 healthindicators. Japan, Sweden and Canada were first, second andthird. 2. More than 40 million peoplehave no health insurance. 3. 20% to 30% of patients receivecontraindicated care.Dr Starfield warns that one cause of

medical mistakes is the overuse oftechnology, which may create a "cas-cade effect" leading to more treatment.She urges the use of ICD(International Classification ofDiseases) codes which have designa-tions called: "Drugs, Medicinal, andBiological Substances CausingAdverse Effects in Therapeutic Use"and "Complications of Surgical andMedical Care" to help doctors quantifyand recognise the magnitude of the medical error problem.

Starfield says that, at present, deaths actually due to medicalerror are likely to be coded according to some other cause ofdeath. She concludes that, against the backdrop of the abysmalUS health report card compared to the rest of the Westernisedcountries, we should recognise that the harmful effects of healthcare interventions account for a substantial proportion of excessdeaths in the USA.

Starfield cites Weingart's 2000 paper, "Epidemiology ofMedical Error", on out-patient iatrogenesis. And Weingart, inturn, cites Johnson and Bootman, who asked pharmacists to esti-mate the probability of adverse outcomes occurring as a result ofout-patient drug treatment. Statistics showed that between 4%and 18% of consecutive patients in out-patient settings suffer aniatrogenic event leading to:1 1 2

1. 116 million extra physician visits;2. 77 million extra prescriptions;3. 17 million emergency department visits;4. 8 million hospitalisations;5. 3 million long-term admissions;6. 199,000 additional deaths;7. $77 billion in extra costs.

IT'S A GLOBAL ISSUE A survey published in the Journal of Health Affairs pointed out

that between 18% and 28% of people who were recently ill hadsuffered from a medical or drug error in the previous two years.

The study surveyed 750 recently ill adults in five differentcountries. The breakdown by country showed 18% of those inBritain, 25% in Canada, 23% in Australia, 23% in New Zealand,and 28%, the highest percentage, in the United States.1 1 3

HEALTH INSURANCE FRAUDA recent finding by the Institute of Medicine is that the 41 mil-

lion Americans without health insurance have consistently worseclinical outcomes than those who are insured, and are atincreased risk for dying prematurely.1 1 4

When doctors bill for services they do not render, adviseunnecessary tests or screen everyone for a rare condition, theyare committing insurance fraud. The US General AccountingOffice (GAO) gave a 1998 figure of $12 billion lost to fraudulentor unnecessary claims, and reclaimed $480 million in judgementsin that year. In 2001, the Federal government won or negotiatedmore than $1.7 billion in judgements, settlements and administra-tive impositions in health-care fraud cases and proceedings.1 1 5

WAREHOUSING OUR ELDERSIt is only fitting that we end this

report with acknowledgement of ourelders. The moral and ethical fibre ofsociety can be judged by the way ittreats its weakest and most vulnerablemembers. Some cultures honour andrespect the wisdom of their elders,keeping them at home—the better tocontinue participation in their commu-nity. However, American nursinghomes, where millions of the nation'selders die, represent the pinnacle ofsocial isolation and medical abuse.

Here are some important statisticsabout nursing homes:

1. In America at any one time,approximately 1.6 million elderly people are confined to nurs-ing homes. By 2050, that number could be 6.6 million.11, 116

2. A total of 20% of all deaths from all causes occur in nursingh o m e s .1 1 7

3. Hip fractures are the single greatest reason for nursinghome admissions.1 1 8

4. Nursing homes represent a reservoir for drug-resistantorganisms due to overuse of antibiotics.1 1 9

Congressman Waxman reminded us that "as a society we willbe judged by how we treat the elderly" when he presented areport that he sponsored, "Abuse of Residents is a Major Problemin US Nursing Homes" on July 30, 2001. The report uncoveredthat one third—5,283 of the nations' 17,000 nursing homes—were cited for an abuse violation in the two-year period studied,January 1999–January 2001.1 1 6 Waxman stated that "the peoplewho cared for us deserve better". He also made it very clear thatthis was only the tip of the iceberg and there is much more abuseoccurring that we don't know about or ignore.1 1 6 a

The major findings of the report were:• Over 30% of nursing homes in the US were cited for abuses,totalling more than 9,000 abuse violations;• 10% of nursing homes had violations that caused actual phys-ical harm to residents, or worse;• Over 40% or 3,800 abuse violations were only discoveredafter a formal complaint was filed, usually by concernedfamily members;• Many verbal abuse violations were found;


It is estimated that in 1995,nosocomial [hospital-related]

infections...contributed tomore than 88,000 deaths in the USA—one death

every six minutes.

• Occasions of sexual abuse were discovered;• Incidents of physical abuse causing numerous injuries such asfractured femur, hip, elbow, wrist and other injuries werer e p o r t e d .Dangerously understaffed nursing homes lead to neglect,

abuse, overuse of medications and physical restraints. Anexhaustive study of nurse-to-patient ratios in nursing homes wasmandated by Congress in 1990. The study was finally begun in1998 and took four years to be completed.1 2 0

Commenting on the study, a spokesperson for the NationalCitizens' Coalition for Nursing Home Reform, said: "They com-piled two reports of three volumes each, thoroughly documentingthe number of hours of care residents must receive from nursesand nursing assistants to avoid painful, even dangerous, condi-tions such as bedsores and infections. Yet it took the Departmentof Health and Human Services and Secretary Tommy Thompsononly four months to dismiss the report as 'insufficient'."1 2 1

Bedsores occur three times morecommonly in nursing homes than in acutecare or veterans' hospitals.1 2 2 But we knowthat bedsores can be prevented with propernursing care. It shouldn't take four yearsfor someone to find out that proper care ofbedsores requires proper staffing. In spiteof such urgent need in nursing homes whereaddit ional staff could solve so manyproblems, we hear the familiar refrain, "Notenough research"—one that merely buystime for those in charge and relegatesanother smouldering crisis to thebackburner.

Since many nursing home patients sufferfrom chronic, debilitating conditions,their assumed cause of death is oftenunquestioned by physicians. S o m estudies show that as many as 50% ofdeaths due to restraints, falls, suicide,homicide and choking in nursinghomes may be covered up.123, 124 It isquite possible that many nursing homedeaths are attributed, instead, to heartdisease, which until our report was thenumber one cause of death. In fact,researchers have found that heart dis-ease may be over-represented in thegeneral population as a cause of deathon death certificates by 7.9% to24.3%. In the elderly, the over-reporting of heart disease as acause of death is as much as twofold.1 2 5

When elucidating iatrogenesis in nursing homes, some criticshave asked, "To what extent did these elderly people alreadyhave life-threatening diseases that led to their premature deathsanyway?" Our response is that if a loved one dies one day, oneweek, one year, a decade or two decades prematurely, thanks tosome medical misadventure, that is still a premature, iatrogenicdeath. In a legalistic sense perhaps more weight is placed on theloss of many potential years compared to an additional fewweeks, but this attitude is not justified in an ethical or moralsense.

The fact that there are very few statistics on malnutrition inacute-care hospitals and nursing homes shows the lack of con-cern in this area. A survey of the literature turns up very fewAmerican studies. Those that do appear are foreign studies in

Italy, Spain and Brazil. However, there is one very revealingAmerican study conducted over a 14-month period that evaluated837 patients in a 100-bed subacute-care hospital for their nutri-tional status. Only 8% of the patients were found to be wellnourished. Almost one-third (29%) were malnourished andalmost two-thirds (63%) were at risk of malnutrition. The conse-quences of this state of deficiency were that 25% of the malnour-ished patients required readmission to an acute-care hospitalcompared to 11% of the well-nourished patients. The authorsconcluded that malnutrition reached epidemic proportions inpatients admitted to this sub-acute-care facility.1 2 6

Many studies conclude that physical restraints are anunderreported and preventable cause of death. Whereasadministrators say they must use restraints to prevent falls, in factthese cause more injury and death because people naturally fightagainst such imprisonment. Studies show that compared to norestraints, the use of restraints carries a higher mortality rate and

economic burden.1 2 7 – 1 2 9 Studies found thatphysical restraints, including bedrails, arethe cause of at least one in every 1,000nursing home deaths. 1 3 0 – 1 3 2

However, deaths caused by malnutrition,dehydration and physical restraints are rarelyrecorded on death certificates. Several stud-ies reveal that nearly half of the listed causesof death on death certificates for older per-sons with chronic or multi-system diseaseare inaccurate.1 3 3 Even though one in fivepeople dies in nursing homes, the autopsyrate is only 0.8%. 1 3 4 Thus, we have no wayof knowing the true causes of death.

Overmedicating SeniorsThe CDC seems to be focusing on

reducing the number of prescriptions tochildren, but a 2003 study found over-medication of US elderly. Dr RobertEpstein, chief medical officer of MedcoHealth Solutions, Inc. (a unit of Merck& Co.), conducted the study on drugt r e n d s .7 2 He found that seniors aregoing to multiple physicians and get-ting multiple prescriptions and usingmultiple pharmacies. Medco overseesdrug benefit plans for more than 60million Americans, including 6.3 mil-lion senior citizens who received more

than 160 million prescriptions. According to the study, the aver-age senior receives 25 prescriptions annually. In those 6.3 mil-lion seniors, a total of 7.9 million medication alerts were trig-gered—fewer than half that number, 3.4 million, were detected in1999. About 2.2 million of those alerts indicated excessivedosages unsuitable for senior citizens and about 2.4 million indi-cated clinically inappropriate drugs for the elderly.

Reuters interviewed Kasey Thompson, director of the Center onPatient Safety at the American Society of Health SystemPharmacists, who said: "There are serious and systemic problemswith poor continuity of care in the United States." He said thisstudy shows "the tip of the iceberg" of a national problem.

According to Drug Benefit Trends, the average number of pre-scriptions dispensed per non-Medicare HMO member per yearrose 5.6% from 1999 to 2000—from 7.1 to 7.5 prescriptions.The average number dispensed for Medicare members increased


Several studies reveal that nearlyhalf of the listed

causes of death ondeath certificates for older persons with chronic or

multi-system diseaseare inaccurate.

5.5%—from 18.1 to 19.1 prescriptions. 1 3 6 The number of pre-scriptions in 2000 was 2.98 billion, with an average per-personprescription amount of 10.4 annually.1 3 7

In a study of 818 residents of residential care facilities for theelderly, 94% were receiving at least one medication at the time ofthe interview. The average intake of medications was five perresident. The authors noted that many of these drugs were givenwithout a documented diagnosis justifying their use.1 3 8

Unfortunately, seniors and groups like the AmericanAssociation for Retired Persons (AARP) appear to be dependenton prescription drugs and are demanding that coverage for drugsbe a basic right. 1 3 9 They have accepted the overriding assumptionfrom allopathic medicine that aging and dying in America mustbe accompanied by drugs in nursing homes and eventualhospitalisation with tubes coming out of every orifice. Instead ofchoosing between drugs and a diet/lifestyle change, seniors aregiven the choiceless option of either high-cost patented drugs orlow-cost generic drugs. Drug companies are attempting to keepthe most expensive drugs on the shelves and to suppress access togeneric drugs, in spite of stiff fines of hundreds of millions ofdollars from the government.140, 141 In 2001, some of the world'sbiggest drug companies, including Roche, were fined a record£523 million (US$871 million) for conspiring to increase theprice of vitamins. 1 4 2

We would urge AARP, especially,to become more involved inprevention of disease and not to relyso heavily on drugs. At present, theAARP recommendations for dietand nutrition assume that seniors aregetting all the nutrition they need inan average diet. At most, theysuggest extra calcium and a multiplevitamin/mineral supplement.1 4 3 T h i sis not enough, and in our next reportwe will show how to live a healthierlife without unnecessary medicalintervention.

We would like to send the samemessage to the Hemlock Society, which offers euthanasia optionsto chronically ill people, especially those in severe pain. What ifsome of these chronic diseases are really lifestyle diseases causedby deficiency of essential nutrients, lack of care, inappropriatemedication or lack of love? This question is extremely importantto consider when you are depressed or in pain. We must look tohealing those conditions before offering up our lives.

Let's also look at the irony of underuse of proper pain medica-tion for patients that really need it. For example, in one particu-lar study, pain management was evaluated in a group of 13,625cancer patients, aged 65 or over, living in nursing homes.Overall, almost 30%, or 4,003 patients, reported pain. However,more than 25% received absolutely no pain relief medication;16% received a World Health Organization (WHO) level-onedrug (mild analgesic); 32% a WHO level-two drug (moderateanalgesic); and only 26% received adequate pain-relieving mor-phine. The authors concluded that older patients and minoritypatients were more likely to have their pain untreated.1 4 4

The time has come to set a standard for caring for thevulnerable among us—a standard that goes beyond making surethey are housed and fed and not openly abused. We must stoplooking the other way, and we, as a society, must takeresponsibility for the way in which we deal with those who areunable to care for themselves.

WHAT REMAINS TO BE UNCOVEREDOur ongoing research will continue to quantify the iatrogenic

morbidity, mortality and financial loss in out-patient clinics, tran-sitional care, long-term care, rehabilitative care, home care, pri-vate practitioners' offices as well as hospitals due to:

1. X-ray exposures: mammography, fluoroscopy, CT scans;2. Overuse of antibiotics in all conditions; 3. Drugs that are carcinogenic: hormone replacement therapy(* see below), immunosuppressive drugs, prescription drug;4. Cancer chemotherapy: if it doesn't extend life, is itshortening life?;7 0

5. Surgery and surgical procedures;6. Unnecessary surgery: Caesarean section, radicalmastectomy, preventive mastectomy, radical hysterectomy,prostatectomy, cholecystectomies, cosmetic surgery,arthroscopy, etc.;7. Medical procedures and therapies;8. Discredited, unnecessary and unproven medical proceduresand therapies;9. Doctors themselves: when doctors go on strike, it appearsthe mortality rate goes down;10. Missed diagnoses.

* Part of our ongoing research willbe to quantify the mortality andmorbidity caused by hormonereplacement therapy (HRT) since themid-1940s.

In December 2000, a governmentscientific advisory panelrecommended that syntheticoestrogen be added to the nation's listof cancer-causing agents.

HRT, either synthetic oestrogenalone or combined with syntheticprogesterone, is used by an estimated13.5 to 16 million women in theUnited States. 1 4 5

The aborted Women's HealthInitiative Study (WHI) of 2002 showed that women takingsynthetic oestrogen combined with synthetic progesterone have ahigher incidence of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, stroke andheart disease and little evidence of osteoporosis reduction orprevention of dementia.

WHI researchers, who usually never give recommendationsother than demanding more studies, are advising doctors to bevery cautious about prescribing HRT to their patients.100, 146–150

Results of the "Million Women Study" on HRT and breast can-cer in the UK were published in the L a n c e t of 9 August 2003.Lead author, Professor Valerie Beral, Director of the CancerResearch UK Epidemiology Unit, is very open about the damageHRT has caused. She said: "We estimate that over the pastdecade, use of HRT by UK women aged 50–64 has resulted in anextra 20,000 breast cancers, oestrogen–progestogen (combina-tion) therapy accounting for 15,000 of these."1 5 1

However, we were not able to find the statistics on breast can-cer, stroke, uterine cancer or heart disease due to HRT used byAmerican women.

The population of America is roughly six times that of the UK.Therefore, it is possible that 120,000 cases of breast cancer havebeen caused by HRT in the past decade.

We, as a society, must takeresponsibility for the way

in which we deal with those who are unable to care

for themselves.




But for [King] George III, war would have been unknown throughout the worldtoday. The English-speaking race would have been reorganised as a unit, withits central Parliament meeting alternately in New York and London, and itwould have given peace to the world.

— Cecil Rhodes, July 19011

At the end of the 19th century the British Empire was the largest the world hadever seen, covering some 19 million square kilometres of territory and nearlya quarter of the world's population. Britain was also the pre-eminent globalpower, possessing the strongest navy in the world and the largest merchant

fleet and dominating the global economy as the biggest investor, banker, insurer andcommodity dealer.2 According to Niall Ferguson, author of Empire: How Britain Madethe Modern World (2003), this Pax Britannica was not only a force for good, but alsothe "nearest thing there has ever been to a world government".3 Perhaps it was, thoughfor the millions of indigenous peoples who had been colonised, often with greatbrutality, and whose lands and natural resources were now being plundered by theBritish while they were relegated to the status of second-class s u b j e c t s, the benefits ofbeing part of the British Empire were somewhat elusive.

Yet, despite all these apparent strengths, Britain was no longer at the peak of itspower, a point it reached in the 1870s. Indeed, the start of the 20th century marked thefinal phases of its inevitable decline. The er osion of British power was occurring ontwo fronts: first, through the imperial expansion of the other European powers, whichimpinged on its military dominance; and second, by the gradual loss of its industrial andcommercial supremacy, upon which its military might had rested. The BritishEstablishment was already reading these portents of imperial decay. The First Lord ofthe Admiralty, for example, had warned in 1900 that in coming years Britain "...byitself will not be strong enough to hold its proper place alongside of the US or Russiaand probably not Germany. We shall be thrust aside by sheer weight."4

It was in the midst of this pervading sense of gloom that, in 1909, a movementemerged which sought to preserve British power by converting its Empire into an"Imperial Federation" or "Imperial Union".5 This movement was known as the RoundT a b l e .

The Round Table occupies a special place in most populist accounts of the NewWorld Order, the group given a pivotal role in the World Government conspiracy.David Icke, for example, writes that the Round Table "spawned a network ofinterconnecting groups in many countries working toward a common aim...worldg o v e r n m e n t " .3 The reason for this focus on the Round Table is the rather sensationalanalysis of the group provided by Carroll Quigley (1910–1977) in his 1966 book,Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time . A professor of history andinternational relations at Georgetown University, Quigley discussed the Round Tablemovement in some detail, claiming it formed the hub of an "international Anglophilenetwork" which had exercised disproportionate influence over the American and Britishgovernments for much of the 20th century. More importantly, he personally confirmedthe existence of this alleged network, citing some 20 years of studying its history,including gaining exclusive access to its documents over a two-year period; evenclaiming that for much of his life he was "close to it and to many of its instruments".7

For many researchers, Quigley's personal testimony has seemed reason enough to

Cecil Rhodes,founder of the

De Beers diamondmining corporation,had a vision of an

Imperial Federationthat would re-unifyGreat Britain andthe United Statesand globalise the

world.

Part 1 of 4

by Will Banyan © October 2004

Email: [email protected]


repeat his claims without exploring them much further, let alonewithout questioning their accuracy. Australian researcherJeremy Lee, for instance, suggests Tragedy and Hope " e x p o s e dbeyond argument" the existence of the New World Orderc o n s p i r a c y ,8 while numerous other researchers continue to placethe Round Table in key positions in wiring diagrams, linking itto the Council on Foreign Relations and Chatham House asthough it were still a powerful organisation near or at the top ofthe New World Order hierarchy.9

It is not the intention of this article to join this consensusposition of uncritically accepting Quigley's account of theRound Table's power—an acceptance based solely on his stillunproven claims of special access. 1 0 Nor is it the intention toembrace Gary Allen's claim that the Round Table was a "secretsociety... dedicated to establishing a world government". 1 1

Equally, this article avoids the habit of more mainstreamhistorians of minimising the role of the Round Table andrelegating it to a mere footnote. Instead, this article endeavoursto establish that while Quigley's claims contain some elementsof truth, the Round Table's contribution to the New World Orderis more complex than is commonly supposed.

In fact, the movement is an unlikely participant in the push forglobal governance. Founded by advo-cates of Anglo-Saxon racial and polit-ical superiority, their scheme forimperial federation originally intend-ed to consolidate the British Empireto protect it from disintegration andan expected challenge from Germany,the Round Table, at least initially,represented imperialist rather thaninternationalist ideals.

Moreover, despite its apparentwealth and political connections andan ambitious propaganda program, theRound Table conspicuously failed toachieve its goal of imperial federa-tion. It also fell short in its attempts toremould the League of Nations concept into a form that wouldsupport the Round Table's imperialist ambitions. The movementwould also be beset by divisions between those who viewed thefederation of the British Empire as an end in itself, and thosewho believed imperial federation should be a stepping-stone toworld government.

Nevertheless, the movement's vision of a world ruled by anAnglo-American federation represented one of the first attemptsin the 20th century by a power-elite clique to bypass democracyin order to achieve its goal of overriding national sovereigntyand establishing a supranational form of governance. Yet, asthis article seeks to demonstrate, the Round Table movement'slegacy was not one of success but of failure. Its members'efforts to arrest Britain's decline by unifying the Empire soonproved futile, and their dream of ruling the world slipped fromtheir grasp.

CECIL RHODES AND HIS IMPERIAL VISION The Round Table was the product of two people: Cecil

Rhodes (1853–1902) and Lord Alfred Milner (1854–1925).This was not to be a living partnership, given Rhodes's untimelydeath well before the Round Table was founded and their limit-ed contacts while he was alive, but more of a posthumous asso-ciation in which Milner sought to realise Rhodes's dream of aunified British Empire. As prominent Round Table member

Leopold Amery (1873–1955) later observed, "If the vision wasRhodes', it was Milner who over some twenty years laid secure-ly the foundations of a system whose power...throughout theEnglish-speaking world...would be difficult to exaggerate". 1 2

While his claims of the Round Table's power can be forgiven aswishful thinking, Amery by no means overstates the importanceof Rhodes and Milner.

Cecil Rhodes is better known as the founder and primaryowner of the famous diamond company, De Beers; as creator ofthe colonies of Northern and Southern Rhodesia (now Zambiaand Zimbabwe); and as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from1890 to 1896.1 3 Compelled by a life-threatening heart conditionto leave Britain, Rhodes had travelled in the 1870s to southernAfrica where he made his fortune in the diamond-mining boomin the Kimberley region. It was there that Rhodes first demon-strated his desire for centralised control.

Rhodes believed the intense competition between the hun-dreds of small mining companies was damaging the viability ofthe diamond industry. His solution was to establish a companywith monopoly control over the supply of diamonds, thus mak-ing it more profitable in the long term. In 1888 Rhodes realisedhis vision, collaborating with share dealer Alfred Beit and the

London bankers Nathaniel M.Rothschild and Sons to buy out rivalmining companies throughout theKimberley region. The product ofthis collusion was a single diamondmining company, De BeersConsolidated Mines. This bold movegave Rhodes and his backers "controlof the commanding heights of theCape economy" (Thomas) and madehim, "almost overnight, the mostpowerful man in Africa" (Rotberg).1 4

As Prime Minister of the CapeColony, Chairman of De Beers andone of the richest and most aggressiveimperialists in southern Africa,

Rhodes commanded considerable power and his exploits earnedhim the admiring accolade of "the Colossus of Africa". Drivenby an imperialist fervour, the Colossus embarked on a numberof bold schemes devoted to the expansion and consolidation ofBritish rule in Africa. Some of these plans were partiallysuccessful, such as the annexation of Matabeleland andMashonaland in support of the British South Africa Company'sgoal of controlling all the land in the interior of Africa betweenthe Limpopo and the Nile. Other schemes, such as his attemptto overthrow the Boer government in the Orange Free Statethrough the Jameson Raid and his plans for a trans-Africanrailway stretching from the Cape to Cairo, were for himpersonally costly and conspicuous failures.

Yet, in pursuing these various projects, Rhodes was notenacting his own ideas but using the plans of others to fulfil hisbroader vision. As one historian observed: "Rhodes was not athinker; he was doer. He appropriated the ideas of others ratherthan conceiving ideas himself." 1 5 Significantly, the onlyexception to this rule was his most ambitious grand design ofall: imperial federation.

This is not an accepted fact in most accounts, including inQuigley's book where the famous British artist John Ruskin iscited as the sole source of Rhodes's enthusiasm for imperialfederation. Rhodes is said to have attended the inaugural lecturegiven at Oxford in 1870 by Ruskin, then Professor of Fine Arts,

The Round Table was theproduct of two people:

Cecil Rhodes (1853–1902) and Lord Alfred Milner

(1854–1925).


and to have been so inspired that he kept a copy of the lecturewith him for the next 30 years, regarding it as "one of hisgreatest possessions" (Quigley).1 6 The problem with this versionof events is that Rhodes did not attend Oxford until September1873, thus obviously missing Ruskin's lecture; moreimportantly, as Rotberg notes, there is "absolutely noevidence...that Rhodes was ever affected by Ruskin's popularityand the cult which helped spread his message of light, right andd u t y " .1 7 There are certainly good grounds for supposing thatRhodes would have agreed with most of Ruskin's message thatBritain's destiny, "the highest ever set before a nation", was tomake it "for all the world a source of light" by founding colonies"as far and as fast as she is able to". 1 8 There is, however, nosingle source of inspiration for Rhodes's dream of unifying theBritish Empire.

The range of influences on Rhodes'simperial thinking was legion. His favouritebooks included the works of ClassicalGreek and Roman scholars, such asAristotle's E t h i c s, Plato's R e p u b l i c ,Plutarch's L i v e s , Marcus Aurelius'M e d i t a t i o n s, and Thucydides' H i s t o r y, orwere about the Roman Empire—evident inhis avid reading and rereading of EdwardGibbons's six-volume The Decline and Fallof the Roman Empire (1776–1788). Thesebooks had exposed Rhodes to the cos-mopolitanism of the Stoics and also toarguments extolling the virtues of imperial-ism. From these, it seems, he hadconcluded that it was Britain's destinyto succeed Rome as the ruler of thew o r l d .1 9

Another key influence was WilliamWinwood Reade's book, T h eMartyrdom of Man (1872), a neo-Darwinian tome which presents a uni-versal history of humanity supportingthe argument that suffering is neces-sary to the achievement of progress.Rhodes had read M a r t y r d o m, describ-ing it as a "creepy book", but he alsosaid, somewhat ominously, that it had"made me what I am".2 0

He also found inspiration in the imperialist fervour generatedby Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli's expansion of the BritishEmpire in the 1870s. Disraeli himself was an advocate ofimperial federation.

Arguably, it was from this rich concoction of ideas andinfluences, rather than from Oxford itself—where he apparentlylearned little—that Rhodes had developed his own unique visionof imperial federation.

RHODES AND HIS "CONFESSION OF FAITH" Rhodes first put his vision of imperial unity to paper on 2 June

1877 in his handwritten testimony, the so-called "Confession ofFaith". In the Confession, Rhodes stated he had concluded thathis chosen calling in life was not marriage, travel or theaccumulation of wealth, but to make himself useful to hiscountry. Expressing his belief in the inherent racial and culturalsuperiority of Anglo-Saxons, Rhodes argued that only theBritish should rule the world:

I contend that we are the finest race in the world and the

more of the world we inhabit the better it is for the humanrace. Just fancy those parts that are at present inhabited bythe most despicable of human beings; what an alterationthere would be in them if they were brought under Anglo-Saxon influence... Added to which the absorption of thegreater portion of the world under our rule simply meansthe end of all wars.2 1

To this end, Rhodes put forward his own vision of an expandedBritish Empire that would be achieved by the formation of asecret society:

Why should we not form a secret society with but oneobject: the furtherance of the British Empire and thebringing of the whole uncivilised world under British rule

for the recovery of the United Statesfor making the Anglo-Saxon race butone Empire. What a dream, and yet itis probable, it is possible.2 2

This secret society would have "itsmembers in every part of the BritishEmpire", including in the schools anduniversities to select new members and inthe Colonial legislatures, where they would"advocate the closer union of England andcolonies, to crush all disloyalty and everymovement for the severance of ourEmpire". He also envisaged this secretsociety owning "portions of the press, for

the press rules the mind of thep e o p l e " .2 3

Rhodes's motivation for creatinghis own secret society stemmed fromhis disappointment and contempt forFreemasonry, which he had recentlyjoined. His disdain for the Craft hadbeen almost immediate, demonstratedat his induction banquet in June 1877where, as a new life member for theApollo Chapter of the MasonicOrder, Rhodes scandalised hisbrethren by casually revealing themystic cult secrets of the 33rd DegreeR i t e .2 4 In his Confession, Rhodes

denigrated the Freemasons as an essentially pointless organisa-tion whose members "devote themselves to what at times appearthe most ridiculous and absurd rites without an object and with-out an end". However, this was not a blanket rejection of secretsocieties, as he expressed his admiration for the Jesuits whom hebelieved had achieved much despite their "bad cause" and "badl e a d e r s " .2 5

Elements of Rhodes's Confession were incorporated into hiswills, of which eight were produced over the years as his fortuneand ambitions increased but his cardiovascular problems wors-ened, reminding the Colossus that his time in this world wasshort. His second will of 19 September 1877, for example, wasproduced following a "heart attack" he had suffered in August ofthat year.2 6 Although it had only two executors, that documentclarified Rhodes's essential vision of establishing a "SecretSociety" devoted to "the extension of British rule throughout theworld", including the "ultimate recovery of the United States asan integral part of the British Empire". This would culminate in:

...consolidation of the whole Empire, the inauguration of a

Rhodes's motivation for creating his own

secret society stemmed from hisdisappointment

and contempt forFreemasonry, which he had

recently joined.


system of Colonial Representation in the ImperialParliament which may tend to weld together the disjointedmembers of the Empire, and finally the foundation of sogreat a power as to hereafter render wars impossible andpromote the best interests of humanity.2 7

All that remained was to bring about this desired state ofaffairs, and in successive wills Rhodes continuously refined hisenvisaged secret society. In a letter accompanying his fourthwill, written in June 1888, Rhodes instructed Lord Nathaniel M.Rothschild (1840–1915)—his collaborator and financier at DeBeers and to whom he originally left most of his fortune—toobtain the Constitution of the Jesuits and "insert English Empirefor Roman Catholic Religion" so the secret society could use thedocument as its charter.2 8

But Lord Rothschild, although a supporter of imperialexpansion, soon proved unworthy of this task. For one,Rothschild failed to meet Rhodes'simmediate demands for assistance inachieving his various schemes in Africa.This frustrated the Colossus of Africa, whohad apparently believed in the great powerof the Rothschild name to work the all-too-numerous miracles he required.2 9

Lord Rothschild also seemed unable toabsorb Rhodes's ultimate imperial vision.The disappointment was obvious. Rhodeswas to confide to his friend Lord Esher in1891 that Lord Rothschild "...is absolutelyincapable of understanding my ideas. I haveendeavoured to explain them to him, but Icould see from the look on his face thatit made no impression...and that I wassimply wasting my time." The fate ofBritain's richest banker was to beremoved from Rhodes's subsequentwills and replaced with an anonymoust r u s t e e .3 0

STEAD AND THE "ANGLO-AMERICAN RE-UNION"

Rhodes was to find a more under-standing audience through his friend-ship with William T. Stead(1849–1912), editor of the Pall MallG a z e t t e and founder of the periodical,Review of Reviews. Stead was an ardent supporter of imperial-ism, conceiving it in Ruskinian terms of Britain's moral duty tothe rest of the world, which he defined as the "imperialism ofresponsibility". He was a supporter of imperial federation, evi-dent in the avowed purpose of Review of Reviews of "promotingthe re-union of the English-speaking race".3 1

However, Stead had also been a member of the South AfricaCommittee, which was opposed to Rhodes's brutal methods ofexpanding British rule in southern Africa. Nevertheless, it wasan article by Stead in the Pall Mall Gazette , endorsing an"Anglo-American re-union", that had prompted Rhodes to seekhim out during his visit to England in April 1889. Their subse-quent meeting was to have a profound effect on Stead, who wasto put aside his previous reservations and write excitedly of hisnewfound admiration for Rhodes, proclaiming that he had neverbefore "met a man who, upon broad Imperial matters, was soentirely of my way of thinking". Stead was especially impressed

with Rhodes's "gorgeous" ideas for the "federation, expansionand consolidation of the Empire".3 2

The impact appears to have been mutual, with Rhodes givingStead a gift of £2,000 to settle an adverse libel judgement andpromising £20,000 to promote their ideas of imperial federationthrough the British media. In time, Rhodes was to show his con-fidence in Stead by naming him a trustee in one his wills. 3 3

Stead was also to have an impact on the Anglo-American com-ponent of Rhodes's imperial vision. It is noted by Quigley thatRhodes accepted Stead's proposal to modify his vision of imper-ial federation to make "Washington the capital of the wholeorganisation or allow parts of the empire to become states of theAmerican Union". 3 4 According to Stead's own account (andQuigley's most likely source), it was during Rhodes's visit toEngland in February 1891 that the diamond magnate hadf i n a l l y :3 5

...expressed his readiness to adopt the course from which hehad at first recoiled...that of securingthe unity of the English-speaking raceby consenting to the absorption of theBritish Empire in the American Union ifit could not be secured any other way...[H]e expressed his deliberate convic -tion that English-speaking re-union wasso great an end in itself as to justifyeven the sacrifice of the distinctive fea -tures and independent existence of theBritish Empire.

This Anglo-American arrangement thusbecame one of the central components of his

envisaged supranational enterprise, ifnot an obsession. Rhodes oftenblamed King George III for the loss ofthe American colonies (see epigraph),and once lamented to Stead that "if wehad not lost America...the peace of theworld [would have been] secured forall Eternity!" The postscript to his willof September 1893, for example,expressed his belief that the merger ofBritain and the United States would"take the government of the wholeworld", leading to the "cessation of allwars and one language throughout thew o r l d " .3 6

Elsewhere, Rhodes envisaged joining the British House ofCommons to the United States Congress, establishing an"Imperial Parliament" that would sit for five-year periods,alternating between London and Washington.3 7

Rhodes's vision can appear quite idealistic, even naïve, in itsmotivations. Quigley contends that Rhodes's utopian scheme fora world-dominating Anglo-American Federation was driven notby greed or other materialist wants but by a sincere belief inBritain's mission to spread its culture and values worldwide forthe common good. However, Rhodes also made some quiterational calculations about British power, particularly its declin-ing economic fortunes. He recognised that British trade wassuffering due to "hostile tariffs" imposed by America andEurope. As he was to tell Prime Minister Gladstone, the onlylogical solution was the "further acquisition of territory", givingBritain a domain large enough to maintain tariffs against the restof the world. "Great Britain's position depends on her trade,"

In June 1888, Rhodes instructed Lord Rothschild to

obtain the Constitutionof the Jesuits and

"insert English Empirefor Roman Catholic

Religion" so the secretsociety could use the

document as itscharter.


Rhodes argued, saying that if Britain did not "take and open upthe dependencies of the world which are at present devoted tobarbarism, we shall shut out the world's trade".3 8

Quite simply, Rhodes did not believe that free trade in itselfwould benefit Britain unless there were some political action tosupport it, preferably in the form of imperial expansion and con-solidation. "Being a Free Trader," he was to write to Stead, "Ibelieve that until the world comes to its senses you shoulddeclare war with those who are trying to boycott your manufac-tures." He had been particularly takenby South African politician JanHendrik Hofmeyr's proposal, firstraised at the 1887 ColonialConference, of an Empire-wide two-per-cent tariff against foreign goods."The politics of the next hundredyears are going to be tariffs and noth-ing else," Rhodes proclaimed whilePrime Minister of the Cape Colony.In his letter to Stead, Rhodes identi-fied the only possible solution: "Youmight finish the [tariff] war by unionwith America and universal peace, Imean after a hundred years and asecret society organised like [StIgnatius] Loyola's [founder of the Jesuits]."3 9

THE NEW WEISHAUPTIn pursuing this course, Rhodes was in many respects one of

the first true modern heirs to Adam Weishaupt, founder of theBavarian Illuminati. A Professor of Law at the University ofIngolstadt and a former a Jesuit priest, Weishaupt created theIlluminati in 1776 to achieve his radical, utopian goal oftransforming society. He envisaged a world devoid of "princesand nations", in which the human race would "become onef a m i l y " .4 0

Rhodes's similarities with Weishaupt are threefold: first, hecame to the same conclusion as Weishaupt that creating his ownsecret society for the purposes of changing elite opinion was theonly means to ensure that his goals could be achieved; second,he was similarly unimpressed by the Freemasons and the Jesuits,yet he copied their methods; and finally, his ultimate goal wasessentially the same as Weishaupt, in that he sought to create aworld order in which peace would prevail as divisions would be

overcome by a global civilisation, albeit an Anglo-Saxon one.There were a number of important differences, however, with

Rhodes being influenced by Classical philosophers rather than bythe Enlightenment theorists whom Weishaupt admired; this hadmade him into an ardent imperialist rather than the cosmopolitanidealist that Weishaupt clearly was. Unlike Weishaupt, a radicalthinker who aspired to overthrow the existing political and reli-gious order, Rhodes sought only to expand and preserve what heregarded as the absolute pinnacle of human civilisation: the

British Empire. Furthermore, Weishaupt was an

academic of limited means, whoseonly hope of realising his vision wasto use the Illuminati to try to infiltrateexisting centres of power and swayelite opinion. His ambitiousendeavour met with some success, butultimately ran afoul of the Bavarianauthorities, culminating in his exileand the banning of the Illuminati.

Rhodes, in contrast, with acontrolling stake in southern Africa'sdiamond monopoly, two terms asPrime Minister of the Cape Colonyand feted by Britain's Establishment,

had at his disposal enormous financial and political resources—and, as such, ample opportunity to act on his ideas without fearof persecution by the state because, especially in southernAfrica, he w a s the state.

Part Two examines Alfred Milner's role in the first efforts to realiseRhodes's vision of a secret society devoted to imperial unity.

Continued next issue ...

About the Author:Will Banyan, BA (Hons), GradDip (Information Science), is awriter specialising in the political economy of globalisation.He has worked for local and national governments as well assome international organisations and the private sector. He iscurrently working on a revisionist history of the New WorldOrder and an analysis of the War on Terror.

Banyan's six-part series, "Rockefeller Internationalism", waspublished in NEXUS 10/03–11/02. He has also publishedpapers at the Modern History Project website. Will Banyancan be contacted by email at [email protected].

Rhodes was in many respectsone of the first true modernheirs to Adam Weishaupt,founder of the Bavarian

Illuminati.

E n d n o t e s1 . Quote attributed to Rhodes in FredericWhyte, The Life of W. T. Stead, JonathanCape, 1925, vol. II, p. 206.2 . Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall ofthe Great Powers: Economic Change andMilitary Conflict from 1500 to 2000,Random House, 1987, pp. 224-226.3 . Niall Ferguson, Empire: How BritainMade the Modern World, Basic Books,2003, p. xxiii.4 . Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of theGreat Powers, pp. 226-229 (quote on p.2 2 9 ) .5 . Quoted in A. M. Gollin, Proconsul inPolitics: A Study of Lord Milner inOpposition and in Power, Anthony Blond,1964, p. 16; and Walter Nimocks,

Milner's Young Men: The "Kindergarten"in Edwardian Imperial Affairs, DukeUniversity Press, 1968, p. 124.6 . David Icke, ...And The Truth Shall SetYou Free: The most explosive book of the20th century, Bridge of Love, 1995, p. 67.7 . See Carroll Quigley, Tragedy andHope: A History of The World in OurT i m e, Angriff Press, 1966–1974, pp. 130-133, 144-153, 950-956; and Quigley,"The Round Table Groups in Canada,1908–38", Canadian Historical Review,September 1962, pp. 204-224.8 . Jeremy Lee, Australia 2000: "WhatWill We Tell Our Children?", PickfordProductions, 1997, p. 28.9 . See, for example, David Icke (… A n dThe Truth Shall Set You Free, p. 151),

who places the Round Table at the centreof his diagram, which is in fact a copy ofStan Deyo's "Round Table of the Nine"diagram in his book The CosmicC o n s p i r a c y (West Australian TexasTrading, 1992, p. 96). Dr John Coleman,in contrast, presents the Round Table asan offshoot of the Royal Institute forInternational Affairs, itself beneath the"Committee of 300"; see C o n s p i r a t o r s 'Hierarchy: The Story of the Committee of3 0 0, America West Publishers, 1992, p.265. 1 0 . It is hoped that an enterprisingresearcher will some day analyseQuigley's research notes for Tragedy andH o p e, now available at Georgetown



The city of Buffalo, in the north of New York State, USA, bore silent witness to anextraordinary event one week in the (northern) summer of 1931. The economicDepression had dampened business and manufacturing to some extent, but thecity was nevertheless a hubbub of activity. Among the thousands of vehicles

travelling the streets of the city one day, a luxury car stopped by the kerb at a traffic lightintersection. A pedestrian noticed that the car was a new Pierce-Arrow sedan, with head-light housings blending into gracefully swept front fenders in the unique Pierce-Arrowstyle. What also set the elegant car apart was that on this cold day, there was no visiblevapour belching from the exhaust pipe. The bystander approached the driver and throughthe open window commented on the lack of fumes coming from the exhaust. The driveracknowledged the man's compliment and remarked that it was because the car had "noengine".

This statement is not as whimsical or mischievous as it may seem. There was sometruth to it. The Pierce-Arrow did indeed have no internal combustion engine. It had anelectric motor instead. If the driver had cared to expand his comment further, he mighthave told the pedestrian that the electric motor ran with no batteries—with no "fuel" ofany kind.

The driver was Petar Savo, and though he was operating the car he was not responsiblefor its astonishing features. These were the work of his sole passenger, a man whom PetarSavo knew as an "uncle": none other than the electrical genius Dr Nikola Tesla(1856–1943).

In the 1890s, Nikola Tesla revolutionised the world with his inventions in practicalelectricity, giving us the induction electric motor, alternating current (AC), radiotelegraphy, wireless remote control, fluorescent lamps and other scientific marvels. It wasNikola Tesla's polyphase current (AC), not Thomas Edison's direct current (DC), thatreally ushered in the modern technological age.

Tesla did not rest on his laurels but continued to make fundamental discoveries in thefields of energy and matter. He discovered cosmic rays decades before Millikan, and wasan early developer of X-ray, cathode ray and other vacuum tubes.

However, Nikola Tesla's potentially most significant discovery was that electricalenergy could be made to propagate through the Earth and also around the Earth in anatmospheric zone called the Schumann cavity. It extends from the planetary surface to theionosphere at about 50 miles (80 kilometres) altitude. Electromagnetic waves ofextremely low frequencies in the range of 8 Hz (the Schumann resonance or pulse of theEarth's magnetic field) travel with virtually no loss, to any point on the planet. Tesla'ssystem of power distribution and his dedication to free energy meant that his system couldbe tapped by anyone in the world with the right electrical device correctly tuned to thepower transmission.

This threat to powerful interests and their distribution and sale of electrical power wastoo great. Tesla's discovery resulted in the withdrawal of financial backing, ostracismfrom the scientific mainstream and the gradual removal of his name from the historybooks. Having had the status of a scientific superstar in 1895, Tesla was virtually a "non-person" by 1917, limited to performing small-scale scientific experiments in virtualseclusion. A thin figure in his open coat of pre–World War I style, he would announce hisdiscoveries and developing ideas to journalists during his annual birthday briefings for thepress. It was a sad mixture of ego and frustrated genius.

In 1931, Nikola Tesla turned seventy-five. In a rare display of media tribute, T i m e

In the northernsummer of 1931, Dr Nikola Tesla

road-tested a luxury Pierce-Arrow sedan

fitted with an 1800 rpm AC

electric motor andpowered by a

receiver tuned totap energy from

the aether.

by Igor Spajic © 2004

c/- NEXUS MagazinePO Box 30

Mapleton, Qld 4560Australia



magazine honoured him with a cover portrait and biographicalprofile. The elderly scientist/engineer was gaunt though notunhealthy, his hair still a shining black, and he had the same far-away look in his visionary eyes.

Electric Cars Fall BehindAt the beginning of the 20th century, the prospects for the elec-

tric automobile were bright. Visionaries like Jules Verne hadanticipated battery-powered vehicles that were mechanically sim-ple, silent, odourless, straightforward to operate and less cantan-kerous than any gasoline-engined car.

In the petrol-engined automobile,one had to pre-set the throttle linkage,advance the spark control, pump theaccelerator and rotate the engine with acrank. In an electric car, one onlyneeded to turn a key and press theaccelerator. Releasing the acceleratorslowed down the car immediately.

In an age of few motor garages, elec-tricians could service the simple DCmotors if necessary. There was no oilto change, no radiator to fill, no fuel orwater pumps to service, no carburettorproblems, no exhaust pipe to rust, noclutch or transmission to service, and no pollution! Grease and oiluse was limited to two bearings in the electric motor and a num-ber of chassis fittings.

Department stores made use of electric delivery trucks.Doctors began making house calls in "electrics", discarding theirhorse and buggy for something altogether easier to maintain.Women took to electric cars for their ease of operation. Sinceelectric cars were limited in their range and speed by their batter-ies, they became popular as town carriages.

Outside of town, the country roads of America were so primi-tive that they became the preserve of the rapid (and rapidlyimproving), long-range, internal combustion engine car. Thus, asort of golden age of electric vehicles persisted in America afterthe rest of the world had begun to discard them. Detroit Electric,Columbia, Baker, Rauch & Lang, and Woods were the most sig-nificant among a host of manufacturers of this type of vehicle.

They flourished in their market niche with a range of formal,often elegant, closed-carriage designs.

The Achilles heel of the electric automobile, however, wasalways the energy density of its batteries, or the lack of it.Batteries were of the lead-acid type, and were heavy and bulkyand took up valuable storage space. The excessive weight madefor lumbering handling and sluggish performance, even by thestandards of the day. Electric vehicles could not exceed 45–50mph (70–80 km/h), as such speed might destroy the batteries inmere moments. Bursts of speed to 35 mph (57 km/h) could be

sustained for only a very short duration,and travel in the 15–20 mph (24–32km/h) range was typical. The batter-ies required charging every night andthe range of travel was seldom over100 miles (162 kilometres). No elec-tric vehicle manufacturer had everinstalled a DC generator, which wouldhave returned a small charge back intothe batteries as the vehicle moved,thus increasing operating range.Promises of coming breakthroughs innew, powerful batteries were made asfar back as Edison's heyday but ulti-mately came to naught.

As the speed and reliability of petrol-engined cars improved,the electric car fell out of favour, becoming associated with retiredgentlemen and little old ladies. The electric starter onconventional cars put the final nail in the coffin of electricvehicles.

Enter Dr Nikola TeslaIn the 1960s an aeronautical engineer named Derek Ahlers met

Petar Savo and developed a long friendship with him. Savowould talk with Ahlers during their 10-year acquaintance abouthis illustrious "uncle" Nikola Tesla and his exploits in the 1930s.(Savo was a younger relation of Nikola Tesla and if not actually anephew he would customarily refer to him as "uncle").

In 1930, Nikola Tesla asked his "nephew" Petar Savo to cometo New York City. Savo (born in Yugoslavia in 1899 and thus 43years younger than Tesla) had been in the Austrian military and

was a trained aviator, and he eagerly tookup the opportunity to leave Yugoslavia (alsoTesla's country of birth). He moved toAmerica and settled in New York City.

In a series of interviews in 1967, Mr Savorelated his part in the affair of the Teslaelectric car.

During the summer of 1931, Tesla invitedSavo to Buffalo, New York state, to unveiland test a new type of automobile whichTesla had developed with his own funds.Coincidentally, Buffalo is close to NiagaraFalls—where Tesla's AC hydroelectricpower station went on line in 1895, markingthe pinnacle of his esteem in the eyes oforthodox science. Westinghouse Electricand the Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Companyhad prepared this experimental electric carunder Dr Tesla's guidance. (GeorgeWestinghouse had bought Tesla's AC-current patents for US$15 million at the turnof the 20th century.)

Department stores made useof electric delivery trucks.

Doctors began making housecalls in "electrics".

Women took to electric carsfor their ease of operation.

A 1931 Pierce-Arrow Eight sedan, similar to the Tesla electric test car. (Photo courtesy of John Filiss, Serious Wheels)


The Pierce-Arrow Company was now owned and bankrolled bythe Studebaker Corporation and used this firmer financial footingfor a burst of innovation. Between 1928 and 1933, the companyreleased new models with straight-eight-cylinder and V-12engines, the futuristic Silver Arrow show cars, new styling andimprovements in engineering. Customers responded and Pierce-Arrow sales even improved the company's share of thediminishing luxury car market in 1930. In such a surge ofconfidence, "blue sky" projects such as Tesla's electric car werewithin the conceptual sphere. With the company's traditionalmixture of arrogance and naïvety, anything seemed possible.

Thus, a 1931 Pierce-Arrow Eight had been selected for testingfrom the factory's proving grounds in Buffalo, New York. Itsinternal combustion engine hadbeen removed, leaving the clutch,gearbox and transmission to therear wheels intact. The ordinary12-volt storage battery remained,but an 80-hp electric motor hadbeen coupled to the transmission.

Traditionally, electric cars hadbattery-powered DC motors, as DCis the only type of current thatbatteries can provide. A DC to ACconverter could have been used,but the equipment was too large inthose days to fit into an automobile.

The twilight of electric cars hadlong since passed, but this Pierce-Arrow was fitted with no simpleDC motor. It was an AC electricmotor designed for 1800 rpm. Themotor itself was 40 inches long and30 inches in diameter (102 x 76cm), was brushless and air-cooledwith a front cooling fan, anddisplayed twin power cable leadswhich were directed to underneaththe dashboard but left unconnected.Tesla would not say who hadmanufactured the electric motor,but it is thought that it was possiblyone of the divisions ofWestinghouse. An antenna rod of6 feet (1.83 m) in length had beenfitted to the rear of the car.

The "Aether-Arrow" AffairPetar Savo joined his famous

elder relative as requested, and theyboarded a train in New York City for upstate New York. Duringthe journey, the inventor would not elaborate on the nature of theexperiment.

Upon arrival in Buffalo, they went to a small garage where theyfound the new Pierce-Arrow. Dr Tesla opened the hood and madea few adjustments to the AC electric motor within. They thendeparted to prepare Tesla's equipment. In a nearby hotel room,the electrical genius assembled his apparatus. He had brought 12special vacuum tubes in a boxlike case. The tubes were describedby Savo as "of curious construction", though at least three havesince been identified as 70L7-GT rectifier beam tubes. They wereplugged into a device that was housed in a box, 2 feet long, 1 footwide and 6 inches high (61 x 30.5 x 15 cm). It was no larger than

a shortwave radio cabinet. Within was his electronic circuitcomprising the 12 vacuum tubes, wire and assorted resistors.Two rods of a quarter-inch diameter and three inches in length(0.6 x 7.6 cm) apparently served as connectors to the motor leads.

When they returned to the test car, they placed the box in a pre-fitted position on the passenger side under the dashboard. DrTesla pushed in the two contact rods and consulted a voltmeter.

"We now have power," he declared, handing the ignition keysto his nephew. There were additional gauges on the dashboardthat read values which Tesla would not explain.

At his uncle's request, Savo started the engine. "The engine isnow in motion," affirmed Tesla. Savo heard no sound.Nevertheless, with the electrical savant in the passenger seat,

Savo selected a gear, pressed theaccelerator pedal and drove the carout.

Petar Savo drove this fuellesscar for a long time that day, for 50miles through Buffalo and out intothe countryside. With aspeedometer calibrated to 120mph (192 km/h), the Pierce-Arrowwas taken up to 90 mph (145km/h), still with the same degreeof silence from the motor.

Dr Tesla became more relaxedand confident about his inventionas they drove through the country-side. He began to open up to hisnephew regarding its secrets. Thedevice was capable of supplyingthe vehicle's power needs forever,but, more than this, it was alsocapable of meeting the powerrequirements of a house—andwith power to spare.

Initially reluctant to explain theprinciples, Dr Tesla did admit thathis device was merely a receiverfor a "mysterious radiation, whichcomes out of the aether" andwhich "is available in limitlessquantities".

"Mankind should be very grate-ful for its presence," he mused.

Over the course of the next eightdays, Tesla and Savo tested thePierce-Arrow in city and countryconditions, from crawling speed to90 mph. Performance was equal

to any powerful, multi-cylinder car of the day, including Pierce'sown 366-cubic-inch (6- litre), 125-bhp Eight.

Tesla told Savo that the energy receiver would soon be used topower trains, boats, planes and automobiles.

The inventor and his accomplice finally delivered the car to asecret, pre-arranged location—an old barn near a farmhouse 20miles from Buffalo. They left the car there, Dr Tesla taking theignition key and his receiver device with him.

This cloak-and-dagger aspect of the affair continued. PetarSavo heard a rumour that a secretary had spoken openly about thesecret tests and had been fired for the indiscretion. This mayexplain how a garbled account of the tests came to appear inseveral newspapers.

Advertisements for Baker and Rauch & Lang electric cars, circa 1915, advocated their comfort and reliability as ideal for

a woman's car. Note the merger of two electric carmakers by this time: Baker, and Rauch & Lang. Each retained its own slogan: Baker ("Quality, Service" and Rauch & Lang

("The Social Necessity").


Dr Tesla was asked where the power came from, in the obviousabsence of batteries. "From the aethers all around us," he repliedreluctantly.

Some people suggested that Tesla was mad and somehow inleague with sinister, occult forces. Tesla was incensed. Heremoved his mysterious box and himself, returning to his NewYork City laboratory. So ended Nikola Tesla's brief foray intoautomotive applications.

This security breach incident may be apocryphal, as Tesla wasnot averse to using publicity to promote his inventions and ideas,although when these devices threatened the industrial status quohe had every reason to be circumspect in his dealings.

The Pierce-Arrow Company had already reached the pinnacleof its success in 1930. In 1931, it was on the way down. In 1932,the Company lost US$3 million. In 1933, the writing was also onthe wall for parent company Studebaker, which teetered on thevery brink of liquidation. The focus moved from innovation tomere survival, and here Pierce-Arrow leaves our narrative.

A Mystery within an EnigmaAbout a month after the publicity incident, Petar Savo was

phoned by Lee DeForest, a friend of Tesla and a pioneerdeveloper of the vacuum tube. He asked Savo how he hadenjoyed the tests. Savo responded enthusiastically and DeForestpraised Tesla as the greatest living scientist in the world.

Later, Mr Savo asked his "uncle" about the progress of thepower receiver in other applications. Dr Tesla replied that he wasnegotiating with a major shipbuilding company to build a boatwith a similar arrangement to the electric test car. He would not

be pressed further for details, however, as he was hypersensitiveregarding the security of his device—and with good reason.Powerful interests, who sought to stymie his every effort to pro-mote and apply his technologies, had blackballed Tesla in thepast.

This author is unaware of any known public record of the nauti-cal experiment, or if it took place at all. Scant information madeit into the public arena.

The New York Daily News, on 2 April 1934, ran an article enti-tled "Tesla's Wireless Power Dream Nears Reality", whichdescribed a "planned test run of a motor car using wireless trans-mission of electrical energy" for power. This was after the eventand made no mention of "free energy".

At the time that the car might have been unveiled, theWestinghouse Corporation, under president F. A. Merrick, paidfor Tesla's accommodation at New York's newest and most luxu-rious hotel, the New Yorker. There, the ageing scientist lived rentfree for the rest of his life. Tesla was also hired by Westinghousefor some unspecified wireless research and he stopped his publicstatements on cosmic rays.

Did Westinghouse buy Tesla's reluctant silence on his free-energy discoveries? Or was he funded to pursue secret projectsthat were so speculative that they would be of no possible threatto established industry for the foreseeable future? The curtaindrops on a mystery within an enigma. ∞

About the Author:Igor Spajic bought his first copy of NEXUS because of an article onNikola Tesla, and maintains an interest in the technology and his-tory of the inventor. As a graphic designer, he has contributedillustrations to magazines and designed cartoon characters for aschool musical education program. Igor is currently restoring aclassic car, though he does not anticipate powering it with cosmicenergy. Igor Spajic is preparing a follow-up article speculatingon how Dr Nikola Tesla harnessed the energy of the Earth'smagnetic field to power his car.

References• Abram, Arthur, "The Forgotten Art of Electric-PoweredAutomobiles", The Cormorant, the Packard Club's newsletter (dateunknown)• Derek Ahlers interview with Petar Savo, 16 September 1967 (fromarchives of Ralph Bergstrasser) • Childress, David H., The Fantastic Inventions of Nikola Tesla,Adventures Unlimited Press, Illinois, 1993, ISBN 1-932813-19-4• Childress, David H. (ed.), The Tesla Papers, Adventures UnlimitedPress, Illinois, 2000, ISBN 0-932813-86-0• Decker, Jerry, "Tesla's Electric Car – The Moray Version", KeelyNetBBS, posted 31 January 1993• Extraordinary Technology, vol. 1, no. 2, April/May/June 2003• Greene, A.C., "The Electric Auto That Almost Triumphed", DallasMorning News, January 24, 1993• Nieper, Hans A., Revolution in Technology, Medicine and Society,MIT Verlag, Oldenburg, 1985, ISBN 3-925188-07-X (first published inGerman as Revolution in Technik, Medizin, Gesellschaft, 1981)• Siefer, Marc J., Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla, BirchLane Press/Carol Publishing Group, NJ, 1996, ISBN 1-55972-329-7• Seife, C., "Running on Empty", New Scientist, 25 April 1998• Southward Car Museum Trust Inc., The Illustrated Motor VehicleCollection, Paraparaumu, New Zealand, ISBN 0-473-05583-X • TFC Books FAQ, http://www.tfcbooks.com/teslafaq• Vassilatos, Gerry, "Tesla's Electric Car", KeelyNet BBS• Vassilatos, Gerry, Secrets of Cold War Technology – Project HAARPand Beyond, Borderland Sciences Research Foundation, 1996, ISBN 0-945685-20-3• Wiegersma, Friso, La Belle Chauffeuse, VOC Angel Books,Amsterdam, 1981, ISBN 90-6560-081-7

Dr Nikola Tesla was featured on the cover of the 20 July 1931 issueof TIME magazine (vol. XVIII, no. 3). The portrait was painted byPrincess Vilma Lwoff-Parlaghy and first exhibited in March 1916.

(Photo courtesy of Time-Life)

What are the Wands of Horus? Their roots go back into the depths of time.For the priests and pharaohs of ancient Egypt, the Wands of Horus—metalcylinders filled with various special materials—were a tool enabling an"initiate" to pass over the "boundary of death", not in a figurative sense but

in the direct one. The ancient doctrine of the hidden nature of the human being thatrevealed the way to the spiritual enlightenment envisaged by the nature of the Creatorhelped an initiate to discover the great Truth—neglect of which has cost many "spiritualmentors" their lives through the ages. Mastery of the secret of the Wands of Horus was,for those seeking to know the nature of existence, a decisive factor in preparing to enterinto "intercourse with the gods" through the pyramids. The knowledge and wisdom thatlie behind the ancient doctrine make it possible to unlock exceptional abilities in a humanbeing.

If certain conditions are observed and sessions conducted on a regular daily basis, theWands of Horus can not only correct but also stimulate a person's nervous, energy andimmune systems, creating the preconditions for their improvement. This requires workfounded on a precise understanding of what the Wands of Horus are and the principles bywhich they work, and knowledge of the cycles of activeness in the human energy systemand a number of elements making up a complex approach—an essential part of which isinteraction with natural sources of energy such as trees, rivers, lakes, the sea andmountains.

The Wands of Horus are also a means of prevention and treatment, providing the oppor-tunity in certain disorders to correct particular deviations from the norm and noticeablyimprove a person's state of health, since they inspire very deep-running physiological andenergetic processes.

It is important to stress that the knowledge of the ancient Egyptians was founded not onmystical, astrological or esoteric doctrines, but on a strict grasp of the principles on whichthe universe is founded. In other words, at the basis of the theoretical and spiritual con-structs of the ancient Egyptian initiates lay first and foremost knowledge, not faith.

The Wands of Horus and, indeed, the knowledge of the ancients in general is a veryinteresting and wide-reaching topic. So, in order to help readers grasp the structure ofprinciples invisible to the uninitiated eye and to draw closer to the sources of knowledge,the National Security Academy of Russia presents a book, The Wands of Horus, intendedto bring to a wider public the recent results obtained from the study of the legacy ofancient Egypt. This book is the first to shed some light on the mystery of why the pyra-mid complex at Giza in Egypt was constructed. Reading it, you will find out not onlyabout the principles that lay behind the idea of constructing the pyramids, but also aboutthe connection between the Wands of Horus and the "energy source" located within theGreat Pyramid.

As you learn more of the ancient knowledge, you will also find out about whatprompted the ancient priests to create the Wands of Horus and about the mechanism bywhich the Wands interact with the natural planetary energy sources. It is that connectionthat gives the Wands of Horus their miraculous properties and their harmonising effect ona person's energy system and, as a consequence, on his or her general state of health.

One of the sections of the book is devoted to a description of the technology used toproduce the Wands of Horus and the mechanism by which they operate. This will helpthe reader understand, down to the finest detail, how they are constructed and how thepyramid and the cylinders work as a single system. You will learn some results of

Copper and zincrods filled with

quartz crystals orminerals had

certain energeticqualities that gave

the ancient Egyptianelites a means of

connecting directlywith the power ofthe Great Pyramidand the energy of

the cosmos.

by Dr Valery Uvarov © 1999–2004

Department of UFO Research,Palaeosciences and Palaeotechnology

National Security AcademySt Petersburg, Russia

with

Carl Agar Neilos Etheric Products

Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Website: http://www.wands.org


experiments conducted by Russian scientists to study the effect ofthe Wands of Horus on the human organism and the effect of thepyramid on animate and inanimate objects.

The Mechanism behind the Wands of Horus The mechanism by which the cylinders act on the human organ-

ism is fairly complicated. We shall therefore try to explain inmore basic terms that nonetheless convey fairly accurately themain idea of the process.

People who seek after knowledge are familiar with the conceptof energy shells that, according to a certain Eastern tradition, makeup the energy system of the human being. We know about theexistence of the ethereal body, the astral body, the mental body andso on, up to the seventh energy body. But there is evidence that theancient hierophants knew of the existence of several more energybodies or shells, of which the present-day esoteric and otherschools tell us nothing.

The final energy body, still unknown tohumanity today, is the shell through whicheach person has direct contact with whatpeople call "God" or the "Source" of every-thing, all knowledge and energy. Throughthat shell we have a link to all the worldaround us, as we are part of the GreatCreative Principle. Since we possess thatshell, we are ourselves in a way sources ofenergy.

Let us examine the human energy struc-ture from viewpoints more accessible to thepresent-day reader.

What people commonly call the "aura" or"biological field" is the consequence ofthe interaction of the vibrations of vari -ous energy layers (bodies) within thehuman energy system.

The existing names of the energybodies in any of the familiar traditionsis nothing more than an agreed conven-tion. Therefore, for the convenienceand ease of understanding particularlyof readers unfamiliar with "esoteric"doctrines, we shall call the first energybody "ethereal", the second "astral",the third "mental", and so on.

The human energy system consistsof several energy bodies (levels) thatdiffer in shape, energy density and vibratory rhythm (frequency).Most importantly, though, they have different characteristics. Inexamining the effect of the Wands of Horus on the human organ-ism, we shall stick to the first two energy bodies that are responsi-ble directly for a person's bio-energetic rhythm and emotionalstate.

The first (ethereal) energy body consists of vibrations andtemperature rhythms in the person's physical capsule. Thereforeany process taking place in the physical body is immediatelyreflected in the first energy body.

For example, an inflammatory process that has begun, localisedin the small of the back (lumbago), is followed by oedema and anincrease in temperature that immediately finds reflection in thealtered shape and vibratory frequency of the corresponding part ofthe first energy body. Hence, influencing that part of the energybody and correcting the vibratory frequency leads to a reductionin the pain syndrome.

The lines of the first energy body precisely follow those of thephysical body, forming an energy layer between 0.3 and 2–3metres thick. The first energy body is the receptor and distributorof transformed cosmic energy—p r a n a. It is through this bodythat our physical body becomes charged with the vital energy ourorganism needs.

The second (astral) energy body is responsible for our emo-tional state, and any nervous or psychological stress evokeschanges in this body. The upsurge of emotions in stress leads tothe destabilisation of the structure of the second energy body, pro-ducing changes that subsequently lead to discomfort and neu-ropsychological problems.

The human energy system has centres, known as c h a k r a s,through which the organism interacts with the outside world. Wecan picture a chakra as a sort of energy vortex (or funnel). Thetransformed energy of the cosmos, the earth, water and sunlight

enters the physical body through the chakras.The c h a k r a s, being the immediate conduc-tors of energy that has been processed in theenergy system, pass it on to the person'sendocrine system. All the chakras are con-nected to our physical body and are sort ofprojections of the endocrine system.

The main energy centres, while being pro-jections of the endocrine system, also havetheir own projections. The first chakra hasprojections on the feet; the seventh chakra onthe palms.

As soon as we pick up the Wands ofHorus, several parallel processes beginsimultaneously.

1) The electromagnetic inductioneffect

Human beings are an inseparable partof the ecosystem and, as such, areprofoundly dependent on theirenvironment. The Earth, as a livingorganism, has created special energetic-ecological conditions, in the "lap" ofwhich all living things have been bornand are developing. As soon as webegin to distance ourselves from nature,there is a resultant negative effect onour health.

All vital processes in nature takeplace at the level of the interaction of electromagnetic fields.Therefore, the weak currents of natural origin induced on theWands of Horus begin to act on the nerve endings located in thepalms when we pick up the wands.

Back at the beginning of the 20th century, Academician A. V.Leontovich discovered that a nerve takes the form of a cylindricalcapacitor with its own self-induction. Accordingly, the naturalcurrents induced on the nerve endings act on a substance in thenerve filaments that is an electrolyte with a highly complexchemistry.

The natural electromagnetic wave induced on the nerve endingshas a stimulating effect on the entire nervous system, initiatingcomplex electrochemical processes that lead to a general stabilisa-tion of the nervous system.

(Detailed information about the action of the Wands of Horuson the nervous system is given in the medical instructions for useof the Wands of Horus in a forthcoming book; see website.)


The human energysystem consists of

several energy bodies(levels) that differ inshape, energy densityand vibratory rhythm

(frequency).

Most importantly,though, they have

different characteristics.

2) The galvanic effect As you probably know, copper and

zinc are a galvanic couple. As soon asyou take the cylinders in your twohands—the copper in the right hand, thezinc in the left—a potential difference of0.8–1 volt, sometimes more, formsbetween them. The magnetic and elec-trical field acts effectively on the bloodbecause it is made up of electricallycharged particles. Any chemical reac-tion in our body comes down to theinteraction of charged particles.

The main electrochemical parameterof the blood (pH) is determined by thenumber of positive electrical chargescarried by positive hydrogen ions in pro-portion to the number of negative electri-cal charges carried by hydroxyl ions(OH–). If there are the same number ofpositive and negative charges, then over-all the blood is electrically neutral, sincecharges of opposite sign cancel eachother out. This is the optimal state nec-essary for the normal functioning of theorganism.

It is in this state that many vitalprocesses can proceed (such as thebreaking down of proteins). Changes inthe ratio of positive and negative ions—produced, for example, as a result ofsolar and magnetic storms—lead to anumber of serious functional disruptionsin the organism.

The presence of a potential differenceformed between the Wands causes theprocess of balancing out (harmonising)the ratio of charged particles.

The stimulation by the electric currentformed between the Wands of Horusencourages ATP synthesis, improvesblood flow to the tissues and activatescertain genes hitherto dormant in themolecules of DNA.

(Detailed information about thephysicochemical processes that takeplace in the organism is presented in aseparate appendix to the instructions foruse of the Wands of Horus; see website.)

3) The piezo-electric effect The human organism is, as we know, a

kind of electrical generator. When wepick up the Wands, we immediately passour own electricity on to them. As aresult of this and the galvanic effect, apolarisation of the quartz crystals in theWands takes place.

With the appearance of a potentialdifference between the ends of a crystal,a mild excitement of its crystal latticetakes place. This results in an increasein the energy level of the crystal and the

activity of the energy flow proceedingfrom the crystal.

At the same time, the potential differ-ence arising between the ends of thecrystal causes the appearance of electro-magnetic oscillations across a broadspectrum—the piezo-electric effect.This property of quartz is used in quartzwatches and quartz generators, produc-ing electromagnetic waves (oscillations)of amazing stability.

All the vital processes in the humanorganism are regulated by the hormonalsystem, in which the hypothalamus andhypophysis play the role of bothconductor and internal doctor. The weakelectrical signals produced by thehypothalamus–hypophysis system, withthe aid of which regulatory functions arecarried out within the organism, areintensified by coming into resonancewith the electromagnetic oscillationsgenerated by the quartz. The result is asingling out of those signals andvibrations required at that specificmoment to correct and restore thebiorhythms of the organs and systems ofthe organism. This is of fundamentalimportance, as disturbances in thebiorhythms are precisely how anydisorders in the organism arise.

A Microcosm of Energy ProcessesRemembering that the Wands of

Horus are a sort of miniature model ofcertain energy processes taking place inthe biosphere and a person's environ-ment, let us examine them.

The Earth's crust contains about 72%quartz. Self-stimulation and polarisationof the quartz in the crust occurs throughthe constant spread through the Earth ofacoustic waves and electrical dischargesformed as a result of the deformation ofthe crust, earthquakes, volcanic erup-tions and the tidal influence of the Sun,Moon and other planets. As a result ofthese processes, the quartz in the c o r e,generating electromagnetic oscillationsacross a broad spectrum, creates an elec-tromagnetic (energy) medium in whichlife exists and through which the interac-tion of all living things in the cosmostakes place.

This electromagnetic (energy) cocoonof the Earth is the carrier of oscillationsassociated with the source of life onEarth, which stimulates the developmentof numerous forms of life as well as thefaculty of reason. It is this medium thatis scanned by the alpha waves of thebrain. But the central factor in theprocess of mechanical action on the


Many ancient Egyptian statues depict the use of theWands of Horus.

Within a concrete pavilion lies the limestone colossusof Rameses II. Originally 13.5 metres in length, thebroken statue is now 10.5 metres. Note the Wand

in the right hand.

quartz in the core is the seismic "respiration" of the Earth. Ourplanet "breathes" like a living organism. The "inhaling" and"exhaling" are accompanied by changes in the linear dimensions ofthe Earth as measured in an east-west direction. This "respiration"generates a particular electromagnetic wave which has a strictperiod (cycle) that imparts a certainrhythm to all processes occurring in thebiosphere and noosphere. This rhythmplays a very important role in the lifefunctions of the planet, determining theplanet's own frequency.

Through harmonic resonance, theEarth's electromagnetic waves, inter-acting with the electromagnetic oscil-lations generated by the crystals ofquartz in the Wands, has a stimulatingeffect on the organism as a whole.

At the same time, when we hold theWands of Horus in our hands—underthe influence of the human biologicalfield through the projection of thecorresponding energetic centres, located in the palms—they beginto activate the sixth and seventh chakras and the sixth and seventhenergy structures around those c h a k r a s. On the physical planethere is stimulation of the hypothalamus and hypophysis, as theyare projections of those energy centres in the physical humanbody. Activation of these centres leads to activation of the lastenergy shell (which is as yet unknown to mankind), and theorganism begins to receive energy directly from the "Source".

The incoming energy from the crystals and the "Source" that isthe multilevelled and multidimensional human energy system,plus the piezo-electricity generated by the crystals in the filling,forms an energy cocoon around the person's body. This "praniccocoon", with an electromagnetic component vibrating at a fre-quency dictated by the hypothalamus and hypophysis throughtheir projections located in the centre of the palms, corrects theholder's entire energy structure, giving a beneficial effect to thewhole organism.

The essence of this observed phenomenon is that at the momentwhen the Wands of Horus, interacting with processes within theorganism (against the background of the polarisation process),

attune to the holder, the organism itself sets the vibration, therhythm, that it requires at that particular time. The rhythm is dic-tated by the characteristic vibration of the person—a sort of indi-vidual code. It is that individual vibration interacting with thecrystal that causes the crystal lattice to resonate, setting therequired rhythm. That rhythm (individual vibration) acts like astarter motor in a car, providing the impulse, starting the processby which the Wands of Horus subsequently themselves begin tovibrate at the appropriate frequency.

The Wands of Horus create and maintain an energy shell that,with the aid of the required vibratory frequency, initiates theprocess of self-correction. The flow of energy passing throughthe seventh c h a k r a is transformed into a flow of vibrations at aparticular frequency and harmonises the energy shell (aura),evening it out.

It is worth mentioning here that the elongated headgear of thePharaoh was a special concentrator, also focusing on the energeticprojections of the hypophysis and hypothalamus. This concentra-tor, stimulating those two zones, supported and cultivated thepotential of the energy cocoon, increasing the immune reactivityof the organism. Use of the Wands of Horus together with theconcentrator improved the health of the organism, particularly itsimmune status, and regulated the metabolic processes.

But there was more to the work than just that. In order to pre-pare for work within the pyramid and to gain the capacity to fore-see the future, you needed energy. Therefore the Pharaoh and thehierophants tried not to squander the energy received, but to store

it up and lead an appropriate lifestylewhile bringing their abilities up to thenecessary level.

The third (mental) energy body, isconnected with what people associatewith the concept of the "soul" (a per-son's psychological condition).Harmonisation of this energy bodywith the aid of the Wands of Horuscreates the preconditions necessary forthe stabilisation and development ofmental capacities.

How the Wands WorkThe basic sequence by which the

Wands of Horus work is this... By galvanic and piezo-electric effects (raising the energy level

of the crystals in the cylinder filling) stimulating the sixth andseventh energy centres, the Wands of Horus act on the central ner-vous system. From the central nervous system, an impulse passesto the hypothalamus, and from the hypothalamus to the hypoph-ysis, and next to the endocrine system (the secretory glands), thento the organs.

The reverse reaction flows along two paths: from the endocrinesystem to the central nervous system; and through the organs tothe central nervous system.

Thus, information about the state of the secretory organs anddisorders of the internal organs is passed from the endocrinesystem and the organs to the central nervous system. When it getsthis information, the central nervous system directs the signals tothe hypothalamus and hypophysis, which in turn activate thefunctions of self-healing and regeneration—if those functions arein order and not hampered by, among other things, significant"furring" of the relevant energy canals.



The modern Wands of Horus

The Wands of Horus createand maintain an energy shell

that, with the aid of therequired vibratory frequency,

initiates the process of self-correction.


HIGH-ENERGY MAGNETIC MONOPOLE SEQUESTERED BY

US GOVERNMENTby James D. Fauble © 2004

A Veil of Suppression

This world is a dangerous and difficultplace to navigate through and stillhope to find a safe and happy place.

Because I have known of too many otherswho have already died in this commonquest of ours, I can no longer allow myselfthe luxury of remaining silent on this issue.

I'm fully aware that I am putting my verylife in mortal danger by revealing what I doin this message, but I refuse to fade awayquietly without at least offering thisinformation to fellow comrades whoare active in this quest for new energysolutions.

I believe we must view those whohave continued to hinder all trueprogress and murder our friends, fami-ly members and colleagues to be ourtrue enemies! I also believe that it hasnow come to the point where it is nowcrucial to our very existence that thetyranny end now before it is allowed toprogress to the next level!

Since the most recent murder of oneof our most beloved and respectedcomrades, Dr Eugene Mallove, on 14May 2004, and also due to my own currentsituation, I have decided it is due time thatI disclose information that I have beenforced to keep to myself for nearly 30 yearswhen I first received direct threats to mylife and the lives of my loved ones. Beingthat I love my children and have takenthese threats to harm my family very seri-ously, I hope it will be understood why Ihave waited so long to speak out on thissubject.

It should be quite obvious by now toanyone who has done their homework thatthere have been and still remain powerswhich have been put in place solely for thepurpose of hindering any real knowledgeand/or progress in the areas of new energytechnologies, and all for reasons of theirpersonal greed, power and control.

I do not want to have to be the one to

burst people's bubbles, but I believe verystrongly that there are those within this newenergy movement who are not who they'vemade themselves out to be; I have seenvery good evidence to believe this.

Also, I have met with a number of retiredand/or resigned CIA operatives at theirrequests, who have been aware of and sym-pathetic to my situation and also have beenthreatened by their co-workers and by oth-ers in charge and behind this shadowy veilof secrecy. Some of these people said tome that they have suffered the loss of sev-eral of their own family members whowere murdered because of their beliefs thatfree-energy technologies must be allowed

to be disclosed to the public and becausethey refused to be silent on the issue.

You all need to know that the thugsbehind these operations would like nothingmore than to witness the demise of anyoneand everyone actively promoting newenergy technologies, although they usuallyreserve such drastic measures only forthose who actually possess genuinetechnologies which would threaten theirpower structure.

I would also like to make it clear thatthere are dozens of people who know ofwhat I have personally gone through andhave known me for many, many years. Agood percentage of these people can andwill vouch for my character and also forthe truth of these statements. Some haveeven been witness to the same sort of USgovernment/military harassment that I have

been subjected to. I would also like to addthat I am willing to swear under oath andbefore Congress as to the truth and accura-cy of these claims and statements.However, only God's protection can guar-antee that I would be there to do so, if thattime should ever come.

High-Energy Magnetic MonopoleMaterials: The Evidence

I have decided that I, for one, will nolonger live under the fear of these people,and so I am now offering to my fellowcomrades news of the existence of certainmaterials that are thought impossible toexist, but which in fact d o exist. The

materials to which I am referring arehigh-energy magnetic monopolematerials with resistive forces of atleast 10 to 20 tons per square metre x1/4-inch thickness.

Please consider closely what I amabout to tell you. I have seen thephysical and documented proof andalso the formulas to prove this. Therewas no mistake! I had to read throughall of the information a half- dozentimes before I could believe thismyself, but I now know without anyshadow of doubt whatsoever that theseare the facts.

Thirty years ago, in the late springof 1979, I delivered this information in per-son to the Energy Commissioner of theState of Minnesota. The Commissioner atthat time held a PhD in physics, was anuclear engineer and was the head of theDepartment of Energy in Minnesota, atleast until mid-1979.

He did not believe these claims either, atfirst, until I presented the documentationand formulas which had all been formallypublished in great detail by Polydorf. He,too, had to read through this informationseveral times just to make sure there wasno mistake as to what he was seeing.

Again, there was no mistake. Also, therewere witnesses present who will testify tothe truth and accuracy of these events.Along with these publications was thename and the location of the company thatmanufactured these materials at that time.

S C I E N C E

I was told that if I were everto mention anything to anyone

about anything of what hadoccurred, I would be made todisappear permanently andthey might just do the same

to my loved ones for good measure.

High-Torque ApplicationsI had also presented to the Commissioner

my design for a new device which wouldmeasure approximately the same size as astandard-size can of oil and which, accord-ing to our calculations, would deliver aminimum torque ratio of between 1,500and 2,000 ft lbs.

The Commissioner agreed that, indeed,according to everything he was looking, atand taking in mind the current laws ofphysics, there was no way that this devicecould not work.

Top-Secret MaterialsAfter reporting to the Commissioner and

showing him the proof of the existence ofthese materials, the Commissionerpromptly called this company on thetelephone to place an order for thematerials needed to build this device. Atfirst the foreman of the manufacturingplant adamantly denied that such materialsexisted—except perhaps on the Moon orMars, as he jokingly put it.

After the Commissioner clarified to theforeman as to whom he was speaking andthreatened to file a lawsuit against both himand his company from the State ofMinnesota, the foreman immediately apol-ogised and admitted that they did indeedmake those materials there and agreed toplace the requested order. The foreman,however, wanted to know how theCommissioner had acquired such informa-tion, because apparently it was supposed tobe classified under the highest top-secretclassification. The Commissioner quicklytold the foreman my name and where I wasemployed, which at that time was at theRAND Corporation at a certain Departmentof Defense headquarters location.

My Life Is ThreatenedBy that time, I had begun to realise that I

had unknowingly stumbled into a very dan-gerous area. It was later that I learned Ihad apparently checked out a book inwhich a temp worker, who had been calledto fill in for the usual full-time librarian,had accidentally misplaced this highly sen-sitive information and, instead of placing itin the proper vault, had filed it in the unre-stricted area of the company's researchlibrary—where I happened to find it whileresearching high-energy magnetic materialsfor my invention.

The very next morning following thatmeeting with the Energy Commissioner, Iwas visited by several armed military

police who were waiting for me as Ireported for work. As my boss stooddirectly behind these MPs, direct threatswere made to my life and also the lives ofmy loved ones. I was told that if I weree v e r to mention anything to anyone aboutanything of what had occurred, I would bemade to disappear permanently and theymight just do the same to my loved onesfor good measure. Those are the exactword they used.

From that point on, I was never able tocontact the Commissioner again, and itappears that he had been replaced by afemale counterpart. My phones and myfamily's and friends' phones were alsotapped from that point on and for quitesome time thereafter.

Also, the very next day, a very largewhite unmarked military helicopter beganto make regular daily visits to my home atexactly 12.00 noon every day and wouldhover no more then 50 to 75 feet above myhouse. Side doors would open and variousIF and UV cameras, etc. were wheeled upto openly take pictures and to intimidatemyself, my friends and my neighbours.This continued for several months on end.My friends and neighbours were afraid toassociate with me in any way from thattime on. So, in case you're wondering, yes,there are many witnesses!

Often there would be men stationed onmy street with telephotolenses aimed at my homeand family members aswe would come and go.I have also had my homebroken into on numerousoccasions; the onlythings which were evertaken were myinventions andassociated documents.

Since then I havewatched as many othersannounced variousinventions which havebeen claimed to providefree, clean energy, whilemy life has basicallybeen systematicallydestroyed.

In fact, just a couple ofmonths after my meetingwith the Minnesota StateEnergy Commission, agood friend handed methe Spring 1980 issue ofScience and Mechanics

Illustrated, on the front cover of which waspictured Mr Howard Johnson's permanentmagnet motor/generator. The design wasnearly identical to one of mine.Coincidence? Only God knows for sure.

Let's Develop This Technology To make a long story short, I have lost

my wife and my home (which I had justfinished paying the mortgage on), all of mypossessions and my health. I now haveabsolutely no fear whatsoever of dying, andI no longer care much about what thegovernment/military clones want tothreaten me with anymore.

So I have chosen to disclose this infor-mation, which I believe could help in thedevelopment of permanent magnetmotor/generator technologies as well asother technologies.

It's now close to 30 years since that origi-nal incident, and I'm very sure thatimprovements have since been made tothose materials that were so important to bekept secret that people were considered oflesser value.

I have since attempted to findinformation about these materials on theInternet, but, as to be expected, the closestthing resembling such materials arereferred to as "high-energy Diracmonopoles". Claims that there has beenongoing work into research in this area are

N E W S C I E N C E N E W S C I E N C E N E W S C I E N C E


purely bogus and obviously designed todiscourage the curious. Contrary to thoseclaims, these materials have actually beenin existence for at least 30 years, despitethe denials of the patent offices andmanufacturers.

The company that was manufacturingthem at the time of my meeting with theEnergy Commissioner is Permag CentralCorp., located in Illinois. You may haveheard of them; they are one of the world'slargest manufacturers of high-energy per-manent magnets. The name of the foremanwas Jim Foy; he has long since left thecompany for reasons which would be per-fectly understandable to me.

Permag Central Corp. will undoubtedlydeny that they have ever manufacturedthese materials and will also deny that theyeven know of the existence of suchmaterials—but they do know about them,and at least they did make them there in1979.

Also, I now believe I may have figuredout how to produce such materials, or atleast how the process might be done. It isnot my wish to place anyone in danger byoffering this information, and I would notnormally give out anything of this sensitivenature, but I believe that it has now becomenecessary for someone who is still living todisclose this information for the benefit ofthe many.

These materials are undoubtedly used formilitary applications, and [the government/military clones] have been more thanprepared to murder anyone in order to keep

them a secret. If, however, a private groupwere to "rediscover" the process of makingsuch materials, I believe this informationcould then become public knowledge andthereby open up numerous possibilitieswithin the scientific and technologicalcommunities.

I would also like to add that I have seenevidence that some of these high-energymonopole materials may possess propertiesof invisibility. I understand how this mightsound, but try looking up "high-energyDirac monopoles". I've done some Googlesearches on the Internet and have foundsome information on Dirac monopolematerials that confirms this possibility.

Nevertheless, it is necessary that othersknow of the existence of these materialsbecause of the many implications foradvancements in new energy technologies.Also, there are likely to be other applica-tions associated with these types of materi-als that could greatly benefit mankind.

It's kind of ironic, after all the Top Secretand Above Top Secret technologies I'veseen and the projects I've been involvedwith, that this would be the thing theywould worry about the most. I guessmoney really means a lot more than any-thing else to these people.

Anyway, I also believe that this nonsensehas gone on far too long and that it is timefor all of us to move ahead swiftly before itis too late for all of mankind. My initialintention was to give something to my fel-low man and at the same time stick it to"The Man", if you will.

It should be obviouswhy I've chosen toremain anonymous for solong. I have simplycome to the conclusionthat if it is necessary thatI have to sacrifice theremainder of my life forthe betterment ofmankind, then it is wellworth the price—and, infact, would even be wel-come at this point. Atleast I will have played apart in some small way,and something of my lifemight have been salvagedto help someone. So Iencourage you to sharethis information withanyone who will listen.

Dr Eugene Mallovewas one of the best and

brightest in his field and he was loved bymany. I believe that, at the least, we owe itto Eugene to continue the fight for the fulldisclosure of these technologies—hardenough as it is to get any alternative tech-nologies developed in today's world.

Also, it would be wise to remember thatany one of you who is currently active inthe pursuit of free energy or new energytechnologies and is on the right track couldbe in danger of being the next target. Butour best defence is in our numbers, and thisis now the one thing in our favour. Thereare now far too many of us for them toeven hope to be able to deal with bymaking us disappear.

I will continue to help others as best Ican in their projects, as long as I am stillable to talk or type on this keyboard. Thereare many of you out there now who are onthe right track, and my prayers are with youall—regardless of how you are received byothers within the free energy network. Agood number of you are far brighter than Iwas when I started my research, and so Iam confident, if time will still allow, thatsomething will be brought to the marketwithin a couple of years.

I don't know what, if any, results mayoccur by getting this off my chest, but Ibelieve I must do this at this time for manyreasons—some will be obvious, others I donot want to discuss at this point.

God bless you and keep you all.James D. Fauble ∞

References• Magnetic Motors (index of designs andclaims): http://freeenergy.greaterthings.com/Directory/MagneticMotors/• Free Energy Technologies Directory:http://freeenergy.greaterthings.com/• Eugene Mallove Tribute Page:http://www.pureenergysystems.com/obituaries/2004/EugeneMallove/• Permag Central Corp., 1213 Estes Avenue,Elk Grove Village IL 60007, USA

Editor's Note:To contact James D. Fauble, email him at

[email protected]. His storywas originally posted at the webpageh t t p : / / p e s n . c o m / 2 0 0 4 / 0 6 / 0 5 /HighEnergyMagneticMonopole/. It wasalso posted by PR Web on 8 June 2004 ath t t p : / / w w w . e m e d i a w i r e . c o m /releases/2004/6/prweb131743.php.

For further information, visit the PureEnergy Systems (PES) websi te athttp://pureenergysystems.com/; also, go tothe link to the Ion Source Beam Projectoropen source project on the lower half of thePES main page.

N E W S C I E N C E N E W S C I E N C E N E W S C I E N C E


“Where do you switch it on?”

WHAT LIES BEHIND THE TUNGUSKA EXPLOSION

Four years from now, 30 June 2008, will be the 100th anniversary of one of themost mysterious catastrophes: the explosion of a body from space near thePodkamennaya (or Stony) Tunguska River in Siberia. There can scarcely havebeen another event in the past century to compare with it. The total power of the

explosion exceeded the combined power of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima andNagasaki more than 2,000 times over! Apart from that, the Tunguska explosion caused:

• an anomalous glow in the sky that was observed as late as 10 days afterwards, and theintense appearance of silvery clouds;• massive radiation of light and heat;• disruption of the normal functioning of meteorological instruments and the appearanceof surface earth tremors;• a tremendous sound wave that travelled twice around the globe;• the felling of trees over an enormous area of over 2,000 square kilometres;• weak traces of radioactivity, detected in tree samples and the polar ice layers datingfrom 1908;• anomalous properties of the soil and minerals in the area of the Tunguska explosion;• the unusually rapid growth of vegetation at the epicentre of the Tunguska explosion;• cooling of the Earth's climate in the following few years.

Despite the fact that such a tremendous event did not go unnoticed, the first attempts todiscover what had actually occurred in the remote Siberian taiga were only made manyyears later, in 1927. Since then, dozens of research expeditions have visited the area, hun-dreds of scientific papers have been written and several hundred hypotheses put forwardabout the causes of the event. Not one of them, however, has been able to explain fullythe complex phenomena that preceded and accompanied the Tunguska explosion. Someof the phenomena observed by eyewitnesses simply do not fit within the framework ofexisting theories. Much of what happened then cannot be interpreted at all from thestandpoint of present-day scientific thinking.

More than that, one gets the persistent impression that we have come up against some-thing completely outside the bounds of our customary understanding of the world aboutus. Perhaps today we are closer than ever before to a solution to the mystery that willbecome a turning point in the development of human consciousness. But it will require acertain boldness, the ability to look with an open mind untrammelled by the dogmas cur-rent in science in order to properly assess the most inexplicable episodes of the event.

The work carried out by generations of scientists and researchers provided us with avery rich stock of facts and scientific material, making it possible to shed light on the truecauses and nature of the phenomena that took place almost 100 years ago in the area ofthe Podkamennaya Tunguska.

We shall not go over the key elements of each of the main known hypotheses here, butinstead concentrate on those facts that have always remained in the shadows and for somestrange reason have never been given the attention they deserve. Amazingly, takentogether with an ancient epic poem, these facts present a completely different picture ofthe event that took place early in the last century.

At the very beginning of this study, we should stress that both before and after theTunguska explosion there were several other events connected with it in a certain way,being links in a single chain. Therefore, using the methods employed in criminal

Eyewitness reportssuggest that an

ancient high-tech"Installation" in

remote Siberia wasresponsible forsending guidedplasma sphere

weapons to destroya meteorite over

Tunguska in 1908.

Part 2 of 3

by Dr Valery Uvarov © 2004

Department N13National Security Academy

St PetersburgRussia

Telephone: +7 (812) 237 1841Email: [email protected]



investigations, we shall combine them in a single "case". In orderto see the reality that has for so long escaped the eyes ofresearchers, we shall have to shift our gaze backwards andforwards in space and time to look at events separated by tens,even hundreds of years.

To this end, we shall turn to the accounts of eyewitnesses, ofwhich even in such a sparsely populated part of Siberia there werethousands. Even in the late 1960s it was possible to find some3,000 people who remembered that extraordinary event!

Before we turn to the facts, we ought to share what we surmisedin the course of our investigation: an hypothesis about theTunguska explosion that will be unexpected for many, but whichwas formed during the analysis of a large amount of data. Drawingon the testimony of thousands of witnesses to the Tunguska explo-sion, the findings of researchers, thetext of the Yakut epic Olonkho, thereconstructed chronology of eventsand an analysis of the consequencesof the explosions described not onlyin the epic but also through the effortsof scientific researchers, it is possibleto put forward the reasoned sugges-tion that in the immense, uninhabitedterritory of northwestern Yakutiathere is an ancient underground tech-nical installation.

A very, very long time ago, some-one constructed, in what is known as"the Valley of Death", a complex thatstill today is protecting the Earth frommeteorites and asteroids. Of course, such a suggestion is stagger -ing. It is hard even to contemplate such a possibility. It followsthat for thousands of years, something existed alongside us thatexceeds not only our current achievements but even our boldestfantasies about what might be achieved—and we failed to notice!Naturally, none of those who researched the various scientificallyinexplicable consequences of the Tunguska catastrophe couldhave imagined that all the traces left by the explosions were theresult of the activities of some ancient cosmic defence complexleft by unknown builders!

Local Legends and the Shamans' WarningsHere is one detail preserved in the ancestral memory of the

local population, passed down through the millennia in an ancientepic poem. The legends passed on by word of mouth tell how thisland was once suddenly wrapped in impenetrable darkness andthe surroundings were shaken by a deafening roar. A hurricane ofunseen force arose and the land was shaken by mighty blows.

When everything had calmed down and the darkness had dis-persed, an unprecedented sight met their eyes. In the midst of thescorched land, glowing in the sun stood a tall vertical structurethat was visible at a distance of many days' journey. For a longperiod of time, the structure gave out unpleasant, e a r - s p l i t t i n gnoises and gradually diminished in height until it had disappearedunder the ground altogether. In place of the tall structure therewas an immense, yawning, vertical "orifice".

In the course of our exposition of the facts, we shall presentseveral texts from the Olonkho which testify strongly in favour ofthe stated hypothesis because of the obvious technological natureof the events described in the ancient tales. It is surprising thatthe people who translated and analysed these texts did not noticeor even suspect this.

Let us begin with a detailed reconstruction of events, trying to

form an integral picture of what preceded and accompanied the1908 catastrophe.

The first to learn of the coming calamity were the shamans ofthe native tribes. Two months before the explosion, rumours ofthe approaching "end of the world" began to spread across thetaiga. Going from one settlement to another, the shamans warnedthe people of an imminent cataclysm. The people began to movetheir herds from the upper reaches of the PodkamennayaTunguska to the Nizhniaya Tunguska and further, towards theRiver Lena.

The exodus of the Evenk began immediately after a s u g l a n(gathering) of all the nomadic clans who moved around in closeproximity, which took place in the month of Teliat (May). Asecret conference of the elders had resolved that the cyclical

course of their wanderings should bechanged and that the clans shouldmove close together along the newcourse.

Then there was a big ritual occa-sion at which the "Great Shaman"announced the "End of the World":

The ancestors said that they had tomove from their traditional places.No one should be there after themonth of Teliat in the month ofMuchun [June], thus said the ances -tors... The upper people want to visitDulia... No one should see that.

And so the nomads began to moveacross the taiga...

Obeying some inner sense and supporting, as it were, the pro-nouncements of the shamans, the wild animals began to leave.The birds flew from their nesting grounds, the swans left the lakesand the fish disappeared from the rivers. An immense expanse oftaiga, measuring several tens of thousands of square kilometres,lost its fauna. Only those who did not believe the shamans' wordsremained in the danger zone.

All this speaks for itself. Obviously some early warning of theapproaching event was given through the shamans who "spokewith the spirits of the ancestors". The animals, birds and fishreacted instinctively to the approaching danger, reacting to the


"Grandpa" Matvei (108), a witness of the 1908 Tunguskaexplosion, photographed with the author at the Evenk

settlement of Siuldiukar in 1997.

A very, very long time agosomeone constructed, in what isknown as "the Valley of Death",

a complex that still today isprotecting the Earth frommeteorites and asteroids.

negative influence of the Earth's increasingelectromagnetic field in that part of thetaiga.

After studying the texts of the O l o n k h o,talking with local hunters and those stillalive who remember the distant events, weformed the impression that the complex inquestion is scattered across different partsof the taiga and located mainly under-ground.

The Installation's Power PlantDestruction or deflection of meteorites

and asteroids is achieved using a force fieldwhich is conveyed in concentrated form bysome kind of electromagnetic formationsthat resemble glowing, fiery spheres. Inessence, these are something like ball light-ning, with the difference being that thelargest ball lightning known to science isabout two metres in diameter, whereas thespheres used to deflect or destroy meteoritesare of gigantic dimensions—some 60metres in diameter!

It was their flight that was seen in 1908 by thousands of peopleacross much of Siberia, with the result that the witnesses of theTunguska event attributed the whole thing to the appearance of aseries of huge ball lightning!

The "plasma spheres" are apparently generated by a power plantlocated deep inside the Earth at a site that was quite deliberatelychosen by someone. It is associated with a geophysicallydistinctive area of the planet: the East Siberian magnetic anomaly.The periodical Tekhnika Molodiozhi (issue 1, 1984) called it "amagnetic super-anomaly, the source of which lies at a depth of halfthe Earth's radius". In other words, the power plant of the complexdraws on the energy of the planet and is itself to some degree, itwould seem, one of the causes of this super-anomaly.

Preparation for countering the approaching Tunguska meteorite(it was indeed a meteorite; Kulik was in acertain sense correct) began two monthsbefore the explosion, as is confirmed by thebehaviour of the shamans and the fauna ofthe taiga. Roughly 10 days before theexplosion, the "Installation" located in theValley of Death shifted into an active phase.It was the activation of the power plant, andthe increase in its energy level occasionedby the complex beginning its preparationsfor the generation of energy(electromagnetic spheres) acting upon theenvironment, that became the cause for theappearance of major atmospheric anomaliesassociated with increased tension in theEarth's electromagnetic field.

The effect of the Installation was sopowerful that in the 10 days before theexplosion, in many countries of Europe aswell as western Siberia, the darkness ofnight was replaced by an unusualillumination as if those areas wereexperiencing the "white nights"phenomenon of high-latitude summers.Everywhere there appeared, shining brightly

in the twilight of dawn and dusk, silveryclouds stretching east to west thatformed along the lines of force, likethose that occur between the poles of amagnet. There was a sense, as noted byE. Krinov, one of the researchers into theTunguska explosion, of the approach ofsome unusual natural phenomenon.

Many years later, researchers fromTomsk came across a forgotten publica-tion by a Professor Weber about a pow-erful geo-magnetic disturbance observedin a laboratory at Kiel University inGermany for three days before the intru-sion of the Tunguska object, and whichended at the very hour when the giganticbolide exploded above the CentralSiberian Plateau.

The Tunguska Meteorite and the"Terminator" Spheres

Ten days passed and then, on themorning of 30 June 1908, a body fromouter space entered the Earth's atmos-

phere at immense speed. It followed a trajectory from southeastto northwest. The determination of the exact trajectory of themeteorite plays an important role in the investigation of the event,primarily because—as we shall see—there were several objectsmoving in the sky above the Siberian taiga, approaching theexplosion site from different sides. It was the discrepancies in theaccounts of eyewitnesses—who at one and the same timeobserved objects above areas of Siberia far remote from oneanother, moving on different courses but towards a single point—that confused researchers, prompting the hypothesis that it wasprobably a spaceship that had been manoeuvring above theSiberian taiga.

Thirty-eight minutes before the destruction of the Tunguskameteorite, the Valley of Death complex moved into its culminat-

ing phase. The generation of thespheres—which, for the sake of conve-nience, we shall call "terminators"—began.

At the Stepanovsky mine (close to thetown of Yuzhno-Eniseisk) an earth -quake began 30 minutes before the fallof the meteorite.

One witness to these events was nextto a small lake when the ground startedto shake beneath his feet. Somethinglike an earthquake began. Suddenly,down inside him, an inexplicable, inhu -man sense of fear arose . It was as ifsome force was driving him away fromthe lake. At that moment, the water inthe lake began to drop down, and as itflowed away, as if into a crack, the bot-tom appeared which was shifting apartlike two leaves. Indentations could beseen on the edges of the two giganticleaves. The witness was seized by animpulsive animal terror and fled as fastas his legs could carry him.

After running a considerable distance,


Leonid Kulik, the first researcher into theTunguska explosion. (Source: 1930s photograph from the KMET Library)

Artist's impression of anomalous glowsobserved after an explosion.

he tripped on a bush and fell; and when he got to his feet andlooked back, he saw rising from what had been the lake a columnof bright light, at the top of which appeared a ball. All this wasaccompanied by a terrible roaring and humming. His clothingbegan to smoulder, the radiation burnt his face and ears…

This episode concurs astonishingly well with the texts of theOlonkho epic and the tales old men tell of the place called TongDuurai, across which the Ottoamokh ("holes in the ground")stream flows, where there are shafts of incredible depth known as"the laughing chasms". From these, the legends say, fiery whirl-winds fly. After a long period of silence, roughly a century beforeeach major explosion or series of explosions there would be asmaller-scale event. The legends say that a thin column of fireemerged from the "iron orifice". At the top of this, a very largefireball appeared. It was escorted in flight by its retinue, "aswarm of fatally bloody whirlwinds" that wrought havoc in thevicinity. Accompanied by four claps of thunder in succession, itsoared to an even greater height and flew off, leaving behind along "trail of smoke and fire". Then a cannonade of its explosionssounded in the distance...

It is remarkable that Yakut legendscontain so many references to explosions,fiery whirlwinds and the launch of flamingspheres disgorged by "an orifice belchingsmoke and fire" with a "banging steel lid",in the depths of which lies a wholesubterranean country. It is inhabited by afiery villain "who sows contagion and hurlsa fiery ball"—the giant Uot Usumu TongDuurai (which can be translated as "thecriminal stranger who pierced the earth andhid in the depths, destroying all around witha fiery whirlwind").

Eyewitness TestimonyThat is what the legends say, and

this is the account of G. K. Kulesh,who was an observer at a weatherstation in Kirensk, about 460kilometres from the site of theTunguska explosion:

On 30 June an unusual phenomenonwas observed to the northwest ofKirensk that lasted roughly from 7.15to 8 am. I did not see it myself, as Isat down to work after recording thereading of the meteorological instru -ments. This is what occurred (I givethe gist of what those who witnessed it said).

At 7.15 am, a fiery pillar appeared to the northwest, about foursagens [over 8 metres] in diameter in the shape of a spear. Whenthe pillar disappeared, five strong brief bangs were heard, likecannon shots following quickly and distinctly one after another.Then a dense cloud appeared at that place. About 15 minuteslater, the same sort of bangs were heard again; another 15minutes later they were repeated. The ferryman, a former soldierand generally an intelligent, worldly-wise man, counted 14 bangsin three groups. His duties meant he was on the riverbank andsaw and heard the whole phenomenon from start to finish.[author's emphasis in bold italics]

Many people saw the pillar of fire, but the bangs were heard byan even greater number. There were peasants in town from thevillage of Korelinaya that lies 20 versts [21 km] from Kirensk on

the nearest Tunguska. They reported that they had had apowerful earth tremor such that window panes were broken in thehouses…the mark on the barograph roll bears this out.

In the archives of the former Irkutsk Magnetic andMeteorological Observatory, investigators managed to find noteswritten by A. K. Kokorin, who was an observer at a weather sta-tion on the River Kezhma, about 600 km from the Tunguskaexplosion site. In his observation journal for June 1908, the sec-tion headed "Notes" contains an exceptionally important entry. Itshows that there was certainly more than one body in the air atthat time.

At 7 am, two fiery circles [spheres] of gigantic size appeared tothe north; 4 minutes after appearing, the circles disappeared;soon after the disappearance of the fiery circles a loud noise washeard, similar to the sound of the wind, that went from north tosouth; the noise lasted about 5 minutes; then followed sounds andthundering, like shots from enormous guns, that made the win -dows rattle. Those shots continued for 2 minutes, and after themcame a crack like a rifle-shot. These last sounds lasted 2 minutes.

Everything took place in broad daylight.At that time, T. Naumenko was observing

the flight of a sphere from the village ofKezhma which stands on the River Angara.He asserted that the body was larger than theMoon and crossed in front of the Sun, whichat that time was at a height of 27º above thehorizon. At that same moment, the Tunguskameteorite flew over the village of Mironovo(58º 14' N, 109º 29' E).

The first to see the flight of one of the "ter-minators" carrying a powerful electromagnet-ic charge were the inhabitants of the villageof Alexandrovka (southern Altai territory),

which is almost 1,500 kilometres awayfrom the site of the explosion.

The account left by IvanNikanorovich Kudriavtsev, whowitnessed the flight of the fiery sphere,contains details pointing to theelectromagnetic nature of the"terminator":

...30 June 1908 was a clear day… Iwas sitting opposite a window lookingNW. Our village, Alexandrovka,extended along a gorge… Across fromthe village on the Semi ridge rose thepeak of Mount Gliaden. At 7 in themorning, the Sun had already risen but

not yet appeared from behind Gliaden. And then suddenly abright sphere appeared in the sky; it rapidly grew in size andbrightness. It was flying towards the NW. The flying sphere wasthe size of the Moon, only brighter; not dazzlingly bright, though:you could watch its flight without looking away. It flew veryquickly. The sphere left behind it on its course a white smokytrail wider than the sphere itself. As soon as this sphereappeared, the whole locality was lit up by some unnatural lightand that light did not increase evenly, but with some sort offluctuations, wave-like flashes. There was no noise, no roaraccompanying the sphere's flight, but the unnatural fluctuatinglight inspired some sort of fear, anxiety... [author's emphasis]

Ye. Sarychev, questioned by D. F. Landsberg in Kansk on 11October 1921, said:

With the start of the noise a sort of glow appeared in the air,


Eyewitness accounts ofthe Tunguska event

indicate that there wereseveral objects in the

sky, following differenttrajectories, movingslowly, sometimesstopping, changingcourse and speed—

in other words,manoeuvring.

round in shape, about half the size of the Moon, with a bluishtinge, flying rapidly in a direction from Filimonovo towardsIrkutsk. The glow left a trail in the form of a pale bluish stripethat extended almost the full length of its course, then graduallyvanished from the end. The glow hid itself behind the mountainwithout breaking up. I was unable to note the duration of the phe -nomenon, but it was very short. The weather was absolutely clearand it was still.

At that same time, the flight of aheavenly body was observed in thesouth of the Krasnoyarsk territory, 60km north of Minusinsk, 930 km fromthe site of the explosion, but movingalong a different trajectory. Roughlyat the same time, an object was seenin the region of the Nizhneye-Ilimskoye settlement, 418 km fromthe explosion site. And then, it hasbeen reliably established, a heavenlybody flew over the village ofPreobrazhenka, which is on theNizhniaya (Lower) Tunguska River.And all these objects were flying in the same direction—towardsone destination: the Shishkov and Kulik blast areas andVoronov's crater!

The picture that forms from eyewitness accounts clearly shows

that the objects observed from various parts of the taiga could nothave been meteorites. There were many of them and they fol-lowed different trajectories, but towards a single point.Amazingly, the scientists and researchers who so carefully ques-tioned numerous witnesses were unable to spot in their accountsany difference between the behaviour of the meteorite and that ofthe "terminator spheres" that closed in large numbers from differ-

ent directions in order to destroy it. Itis a well known fact that the flight ofa meteorite through the atmosphere isalways very short (a matter of sec-onds) and very fast (between 6 and22 km per second), at an angle to theEarth's surface along a straight trajec-tory, leaving a trail of fire and smokethat extends for 200 to 300 km andtakes some tens of minutes todisperse.

The reports of researchers andexplanations of scientists speak of asingle Tunguska object. Yet theeyewitness accounts of the event

itself and the evidence gathered by researchers stubbornly indicatethat there were several objects in the sky, following differenttrajectories from different directions , but most significantlymoving slowly, parallel to the Earth's surface, sometimes


...an observer at a weather stationon the River Kezhma, about 600km from the Tunguska explosionsite, (noted) in his observation

journal for June 1908...that therewas certainly more than one body

in the air at that time.

Map of the region showing the flight paths of the different objects.

stopping, changing course and speed—in other words,manoeuvring—which entirely excludes the suggestion that theobjects seen were comets or meteorites. Meteorites and cometsdo not fly like that!

Thousands of observers could not have mistaken what theysaw, as the sky was cloudless that morning. People living withina radius of over 800 km from the place where the cosmic intruderfell observed the unusual flight of enormous fiery bodies givingoff sparks and leaving rainbow trails behind them. The mostimportant point, though, is that they did not all see one and thesame object, but different "terminator spheres" that varied inappearance and behaviour.

After the "terminators" were created and disgorged through theInstallation's shafts, they began moving to some control point—the place of their last reconnaissance before the destruction of themeteorite. At a certain stage in their flight, the spheres stopped toadjust their position in respect to the falling meteorite and then,tearing off at enormous speed and with a ter -rible roaring, rushed to meet it.

Below is an extract from the account of awitness who lived in the village of Moga onthe Nizhniaya Tunguska, 300 km east of thesite of the explosion. It was quoted in YurySbitnev's book Echo and speaks for itself.

…I remember that time well—I was eleventhen. I got up quite early… It was clear andcloudless… Our house was here, where itstill stands, on a hill. I was hammering thescythe.

There I was hitting the scythe, but thesound seemed to come from elsewhere. Ifroze and as I listened, a real din started.The sky was clear as can be, not acloud in sight. There were no planesor helicopters back then, of course. Itwas only later we became familiar withthem. But there was this din. It wasn'tlike a thunderstorm. And it kept build -ing up, rumbling louder…

Suddenly a second sun rolled intothe sky. "Ours", that's to say, wasbeating down on the back of my head,and this one was in my eyes. I couldn'tlook; everything went black. I shotinto the house and that new sun shonein through this window here and movedacross the stove like this…

The house stood, like the majority of Russian houses on thenorthern rivers, with its windows looking east and south. One lit -tle window faced northwest and this "sun" was shining through it,colouring the white wall of the big Russian stove crimson. Thisglow moved from right to left, towards the east. And there wasordinary sunlight coming through the other windows and onto theother wall of the stove.

I looked at the sun blazing down on the stove through thatwindow and my jaw dropped. I had never seen anything like it.And the noise kept on rumbling. There was no relief. Mygrandfather sat on the stove and began chanting a prayer outloud. He chanted and told me, "Stiopa, let's pray! All of youpray! It's happened… It's come…" [The shamans had warnedpeople about the end of the world.]

What praying? I wanted to run somewhere and there wasnowhere. The noise was all around. And a fiery ball was coming

at us. It kept creeping across the stove… And then it stopped…The fiery sphere that appeared in a clear, cloudless sky

approached the earth with a growing rumble. It grew as youwatched, blazed and became so full of powerful fiery light that itwas impossible to look at it. At some elusive instant, the terriblerumbling turned into an incessant roar and the sphere stoppedmoving, hanging above the ground, like the Sun hangs above thehorizon just before sunset. It is hard to establish the length oftime it stopped, but the fiery sphere stayed motionless longenough for its immobility to impress itself upon an astoundedhuman mind.

I was afraid to look out of the window, but on the stove I couldsee that it had stopped. Then suddenly it gave such a burst ofspeed, flashed across the stove and was gone. The thunderingnoise was awful. The earth shook. I was knocked to the floor andthe glass from the little window was scattered about as if someonehad pushed it in… I wasn't down on the floor for long. I jumped

up, thinking, "Where's Grandpa? Don't sayhe's been knocked off!" He was lying on hisstomach on the very edge of the stove andkept asking me, "Stiopa, what is it? Stiopa,what is it?" He was wet and white, white…I think the ground was still shaking, the floorshifted under my feet, or perhaps my legswere trembling. It was dreadful!

...Nobody could understand where it hadgot to, that sun. It had been shining just amoment before. And so strong that the shad -ows disappeared instantly. And the light,clashing with light, stripped the world of itsfamiliar, pleasant shapes. Everything, fromthe smallest blade of grass to the cedar tree,

suddenly seemed different from how ithad always been. Colours vanished; sodid the usual three-dimensionality ofthe world, warmth, tenderness. Ourworld had gone…

Judging by the details of thisaccount, the narrator was very close toa place where a "terminator sphere" hadbeen generated; in other words, in theimmediate proximity of one of thepillars of energy (fiery whirlwinds)delivering the "terminator" to thesurface.

The account recorded by Sbytnevincludes this important element:

Someone saw a fiery pillar as well going down from that fire -ball, and for an instant there appeared a sort of huge tree with around, fiery crown. Someone noticed that this raging bundle oflight spat out, as it were, one more ball that tore earthwards.Others, though, insisted there had been no second ball, but thatblaze, that sun, itself hurled itself down slantwise.

Many saw it and there were many different versions. But every -one was agreed that the movement of that mysterious fiery bodystopped and it hung motionless for a time above the ground. Andthere was a roaring… And then there was something like ane x p l o s i o n —the ground shaking and a rapid movement away,taking off, and the same rumbling, but now dying down, and thefading of the raging fire—less and less, until you could barelymake it out in the vast white expanse of sky. Then it was gone andthe thunder dropped, lessened and disappeared altogether… Itwas there—and flew away... [author's emphasis in bold italics]


Analysing theconsequences of theexplosions that have

taken place above theSiberian taiga in the past

100 years, you get asense of gratitude and

awe towards theintellectual power of

those who, thousands ofyears ago, built a

complex to defend ourbeautiful blue planet and

all her inhabitants.

The Olonkho Epic

Scattering a blizzard of stone,Causing lightning to flash, Causing a four-fold thunder to crashBehind him,Niurgun Bootur flew unswerving…

A careful study of the O l o n k h o prompts an importantconclusion. Some elements of the epos describe a pattern thatprecisely reflects the phases in the development of events thatperiodically occur above the Siberian tundra. It becomes clearwhy the O l o n k h o texts contain such amazing echoes of theeyewitness accounts. Here are some more lines from theOlonkho:

At a distance of three days' journeyYou can see the smoke rising,Spreading out above like a mushroom.The land around grew coveredWith dust and ash.The smoke swirled,Thick and black,Rose to the sky in a dark cloud,Obscuring the sunlight.

At different times this scenario has been witnessed by thou-sands of people. Among the more interesting accounts of thisnature is a report by the Dutch Ambassador, Baron de Bij, whichI. V. Bogatyrev found in the State Naval Archive of the USSR:

On 2 (13) April 1716, on the second day after the Easter festi -val, around 9 in the evening there appeared in a pure, cloudlesssky a most brilliant meteor, the gradual development of which isattached hereto.

In the northeastern part of the sky there rose first from thehorizon a very dense cloud, pointed towards the top and broad atthe base. It rose so quickly that in no more than three minutes itreached half the height to the zenith.

At the very moment when the dark cloud appeared, in the north -west there appeared a huge shining comet that rose to 12º abovethe horizon, and then from the north another dark cloud arose,from the west, rapidly rising to the cloud that approached it some -what slower. Between these two clouds in the northeast a brightlight formed in the shape of a column, that for several minutes didnot change its position, while the cloud that appeared from thewest moved to meet it with exceptional speed and collided withthe other cloud with such terrible force that [there was] a broadflame in the sky from their collision and [this] was accompaniedby smoke, while the glow extended from the northeast right to thewest. The real smoke ascended to 20º above the horizon, whilethe rays of flame intersected it constantly in all directions, just asif there was a battle taking place between many navies andarmies.

This prodigy continued for a full quarter of an hour in its mostdazzling form and then began to dim little by little and finishedwith the appearance of a host of bright arrows that reached to 80ºabove the horizon. The cloud that had appeared in the eastdispersed. After it, the other vanished completely, so that by 10 inthe evening the sky had again become clear and shone withglistening stars.

One cannot imagine how terrifying this phenomenon was at themoment when the two clouds collided, when they both shattered,as it were, from the mighty blow, and when they were alsoaccompanied with exceptional speed by a host of small cloudsheaded westwards. The flame that flew from them was like clapsof thunder, exceptionally bright and dazzling.

High-Tech Genius behind the InstallationAnalysing the consequences of the explosions that have taken

place above the Siberian taiga in the past 100 years, you get aheart-wrenching sense of gratitude and awe towards theintellectual power of those who, thousands of years ago, built acomplex to defend our beautiful blue planet and all herinhabitants. Even the first blow, struck when a meteorite is stillmany kilometres above the Earth, causes enough of a deflection inits flight path to shift all that subsequently occurs, and all theconsequences of the explosions that destroy the meteorite takeplace away from densely populated places to a less dangerousarea!


About the Author:Valery Mikhailovich Uvarov is the head of the Department of UFOResearch, Palaeosciences and Palaeotechnology of the NationalSecurity Academy of Russia, and has devoted more than 14 yearsto ufology as well as to the study of the legacy of ancient civilisa-tions. He is the author of numerous papers on palaeotechnologyand palaeosciencce, as well as ufology and esoterica published inthe Russian and foreign press. He has initiated and participated ina number of expeditions to India and Egypt in search of materialevidence of ancient knowledge. He is a regular speaker at interna-tional ufological conferences, and gives lectures and seminars inRussia, the UK, USA, Germany and Scandinavia. He was also aspeaker at the 2004 NEXUS Conference in Amsterdam and the2004 NEXUS Conference in Brisbane.

Editor's Note:See NEXUS 11/01 for the first part of Valery Uvarov's article. Theaccompanying bibliography will be published in a subsequent issue.



DISCLOSURE AUSTRALIATh e Jo u r n e y S o Fa r

by Debbie Payne © 2004

During the course of this article I amgoing to try to give you a glimpsethrough a very small window into

the Australian Government's files on UFOs.What has to be understood is that the infor-mation beyond this window is so extensivethat it would be impossible for me to pre-sent even a fraction of what has been dis-covered, let alone explain it to you.

The hardest part in writing this paper wasdeciding on w h i c h files to discuss, so I tend-ed to focus more on the ones that stood outfor various reasons. What I would like tosuggest is that you log on to the NationalArchives of Australia (NAA) website(http://www.naa.gov.au) and view thesefiles, just as AURA—the Australian UFOResearch Association—has done.

The Australian DisclosureThe Collins Dictionary d e f i n e s

"disclosure" as "a revelation" and "todisclose" as "to make known, to allow to beseen". Over the last four or five yearsAustralian UFO researchers, like theircounterparts overseas, have been discussingand debating the concept of "disclosure".Many of you no doubt will be familiar withthe US Disclosure Project headed up by DrSteven Greer and the enormous amount ofwork his team has done in this direction.

But the substance of this article isn't toweigh up the absolute arguments for andagainst the existence of UFOs; it's to pre-sent enough viable evidence in the form ofraw data to challenge the belief systems ofthose who are uninformed or sceptical. It'snot about the analysis of what we havefound so far because once we have collatedenough data from the files we've hadreleased, then the analysis will be the focusof our future efforts. We estimate thiswhole process could take a couple of years.But by following this methodical procedure,I think that it will strengthen the resolve ofestablished and committed researchers thattheir work is both viable and important tothe understanding of the overall phenome-non. Everyone in some way contributes apiece to the jigsaw puzzle and the picture isbecoming clearer.

What we have done during the first stagesof the Australian Disclosure Project is tofind out exactly how many records exist inthe Australian Government sector aboutUFOs and to what extent the governmentpursued, and indeed still pursues, this issue.

These pages can now be viewed publiclyby anyone and mulled over, dissected, fol-lowed up, researched and individual conclu-sions reached. We are showing you what'sthere. It's up to you to decide what to dowith the information. However, whateveryour conclusions, these records certainlygive you a starting point for all kinds ofresearch into this subject.

Our search began about a year ago withour own local knowledge and the on-linerecords of the National Archives ofAustralia. Currently the on-line recordsearch will only give access to around 10%of what is registered with the Archives, butat least it was a place for us to start. At onestage we punched in "Reports on FlyingSaucers"; to our surprise, this search term,unlike searches we did on the term "UFO",produced around 20 files. In these 20 filesthere were around 5,000 pages of informa-tion, but we had no idea about what theycontained or to what extent the governmenthad documented them. I can only tell youwe were more than encouraged after view-ing the first few documents. Imagine whatit will be like when the remaining 90 percent can be accessed.

Who kept UFO files?You will see from the list below that

there were numerous resource channelsopen to us, including:

• RAAF (Royal Australian Air Force);• CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific &Industrial Research Organisation);• Department of External Affairs, includ-ing Department of Territories;• RAN (Royal Australian Navy);• Department of Supply (a federal depart-ment, now defunct), at Woomera;• DSTO (Defence Science andTechnology Organisation) at EdinburghAir Force Base, which was formerly the


Long Range Weapons ResearchEstablishment (WRE);• Bureau of Meteorology;• Department of Civil Aviation; • "The Committee".

More recently, under the Freedom ofInformation (FOI) Act we obtained over600 pages of information, but this figure isdue to increase very shortly by a further2,300 pages because the RAAF has kindlygranted us access to another 38 files—enig-matic files, to say the least. These 38 fileswere suspiciously unavailable the first timewe asked; then we were told they had beendestroyed. On our last request, these fileswere located and made available becausethis time we went through a different chan-nel. So sometimes it all depends on whomyou speak to.

Currently all these files from the depart-ments previously mentioned total some12,000-odd pages and have cost AURAover A$1,800 to date to obtain.

Unfortunately I can only present a fewreports in any detail due to our limitedspace, so at least you will get to knowsomething about the content of these filesand the extent of their information. I havetried to be as diverse in subject matter as Ican with my chosen examples, just todemonstrate the intriguing number of verydifferent cases recorded in these files.Some may be familiar to you as famousAustralian cases, and others you won't haveheard of. I want you to see that theAustralian Government d i d keep detailedfiles on our most famous cases (see table 1).

Rather than have other researchers labori-ously go through every one of the thousandsof pages at the Archives looking for some-thing in particular, we wrote brief notes onthe content of every page in every file. Bydoing this, anyone can go to these file sum-maries and scan through them to find whatthey're looking for, like an index—keepingin mind, of course, that the NAA files wereobtained under the 30-year rule, whichmakes 1973 the most current record we areable to access at this present time.

But I tell you that when 1st Januaryclicked over this year, another 14 filesappeared on our standard search. However,files released under the FOI Act can be a lotmore recent, so don't think we are only lim-ited to files prior to 1974; we're not.

We have also conducted register searchesat our local National Archives Office inAdelaide, something we will endeavour to

carry out at various other Archives officesaround the country.

All the files you see as digital copies on-line can be viewed on your personal com-puters in the luxury of your own homes.These records are currently held at the headoffice of the National Archives in Canberra.

And contrary to conjecture from somewho are very quick to imply we won't findanything new in our recently released gov-ernment files, we have uncovered hundredsof pages of documents that have never seenthe light of day, so statements of that natureare completely without substance.

What do we know now that we didn'tknow a year ago? In a word, plenty! Weknow that Australia—especially the RAAFand the Long Range Weapons ResearchEstablishment at Woomera— was deeplyinvolved with other governments and vari-ous intelligence organisations, includingNASA, in joint space programs and thesharing of information relating to anythingspace based. So my first file has somethingto do with international co-operation andinterest in this subject.

What was Project M o o n d u s t?In 1953 the USAF 4602nd Air

Intelligence Service Squadron was created.Its purpose was to recover downed enemyaircraft during the Korean War. In 1957 itwas expanded to recover objects and debrisfrom space vehicles that had survived re-entry from space to Earth, and in 1961,according to a United States Air Forcememo, it included UFOs.

While researching the topic of Project

M o o n d u s t on the Internet, I came across a42-page file released under the USAFreedom of Information Act which clearlydemonstrates a link between UFOs, theUnited Nations and Project M o o n d u s t.

On the first page of these documents, thesubject header simply reads "ProjectM o o n d u s t " , and dates from November1973. It concerns the recovery of what mayhave been Soviet satellite debris. However,also included in this 42-page package aredocuments on a 1978 discussion concerningthe potential of having the United Nationsundertake UFO investigations, report onUFO sightings and retrieve crashed objectsfrom different countries. It also mentionsthe recovery of a spherical object (said tohave landed smoothly) in Buenos Aires in1984.

So M o o n d u s t was very much a globalproject. But a singular statement made bythe Prime Minister of Grenada and recount-ed by the American delegate to the UnitedNations leaps out at you on page 9 andreads as follows:

. . .the recent report of the abduction ofa Cessna aircraft in Australia seemedto him to be a compelling reason forthe United Nations to "come alive to itsresponsibilities and take a serious lookat the UFO phenomenon, to whichPlanet Earth has been conspicuouslyexposed since 1947".Two words immediately caught my atten-

tion in this phrase: the word "abduction",which was used to describe the disappear-ance on 21 October 1978 of FrederichValentich—not crashed, lost or missing at

THE TWILIGHT ZONE

"I don't know who's responsible for this crop circle, but I bet they have a degree in Behavioural Psychology."


sea, but abducted; and, of course, the refer-ence to 1947, which we all come acrossduring the course of our research. It seemsto be a definitive time in ufology. We havepre-1947 and post-1947 as a way to cate-gorise the modern era of sightings.

The next page of the file states that 133countries had already provided reportsregarding UFOs for the express purpose ofsetting up a UN-sponsored committee tostudy the phenomenon. Jacques Vallee,Stanton Friedman and J. Allen Hynek werealso present at this meeting.

However, the official reason for ProjectM o o n d u s t was to retrieve downed spacevehicles, and what we wanted to know waswhether or not Australia participated in thisproject. I am certain the answer is, "Yes,we did".

Crash retrieval teamThe Department of Supply file no. SA

5644/2/1 contains a 1962 memo from theController of WRE to the Superintendent atWoomera. In it, he states that "the UnitedStates Embassy" sought WRE's assistanceto obtain information about sightings ordowned fragments of space vehicles.

This location and recovery of fragmentswas exactly the role of the US Air Force'sProject M o o n d u s t, and the request toAustralia was made a year after the projectcommenced in full force to include UFOs.In our reading of the Supply file, there isnever actually a mention of the words

"Project M o o n d u s t". However, as it was aclassified US project, perhaps this is nots u r p r i s i n g . Under this banner theAustralian Government located andretrieved several items of interest, which wehave listed on our website.

It also means that the military had inplace a "quick response unit". In his 1996document, "UFOs Sub Rosa Down Under –The Australian Military & GovernmentRole in the UFO Controversy", Bill Chalkerw r i t e s :

It appears JIO [Joint IntelligenceO r g a n i s a t i o n ] have a "rapid interven -tion" capability, as they have been ableto instigate prompt widespread groundsearches in suspected "hardware"crashes. They do this through "specialaccess" channels. This operation maybe similar to the US activity operatingunder the code name Project" M o o n d u s t " .So I think it's fair to say that Australia did

participate in Project M o o n d u s t, and didhave and still has a "rapid intervention"team connected to the Department ofD e f e n c e .

The reason I am so confident that therapid intervention team exists is partly dueto a number of conversations a member ofour AURA team had with a Woomera resi-dent who is retired from the military. Heclaims to have been a member of thisretrieval team, and at the moment we aretrying to corroborate his story.

From the many retrievals listed, I findone in particular rather interesting. T h i sone was near Inkerman in Queensland inMarch 1968 and was given to the USEmbassy in Australia immediately andwithout analysis [RAAF file J63/255/40/AIR PART 1]. It makes you wonderwhat was in those diplomatic pouches!

Is Woomera Area 52?The next find I'd like to discuss is based

on a couple of files from the Department ofSupply at Woomera on sightings thatoccurred between 1952 and 1954. Therewere literally hundreds of sightings over theyears at this highly restricted space facility.In fact, the base servicemen even had theirown UFO club, called STARS (ScientificTechnical Astronomical Research Society),which they were permitted to set up butwith very stringent conditions includingbeing prohibited from publishing any oftheir UFO reports.

In order for you to understand the signifi-cance of the Woomera space facility, itsparticipation in projects on a global scaleand the dates I have chosen, here are a fewfacts and figures.

• 1 9 4 7 – Long Range WeaponsEstablishment formed between the UKand Australia• 1 9 4 9 – First missile launched fromWoomera Rocket Range;• 1 9 5 7 – First S k y l a r k rocket launched;• 1 9 5 8 – First Black Night r o c k e tl a u n c h e d ;• 1 9 5 9 – The first deep-space trackingstation to be established outside theUnited States is established by NASA atW o o m e r a ;• 1 9 6 2 – Countries from Europe togetherwith Australia formed the EuropeanLauncher Development Organisation(ELDO), a collaboration which launchedthe E u r o p a series of rockets;• 1 9 6 4 – First E u r o p a rocket launched (amodified Blue Streak r o c k e t ) ;• 1 9 6 6 – First E u r o p a rocket withdummy stages launched;• 1 9 6 7 – Australia's very own satellite,WRESAT (Weapons ResearchEstablishment Satellite) launched, mak-ing Australia only the fourth country inthe world to launch its own satellite fromits own territory.

The list of launches and research anddevelopment programs goes on, but we'llleave this for now.

THE TWILIGHT ZONE

"Our next big mission for 2008 is to send a fully equipped probe Washington to search for signs of intelligent life."


The Department of Defence listsWoomera's p o s s i b l e activities as follows:

• Air-to-air combat training;• Bombing camps;• Remote area operations;• Airborne and ground testing of long-range weapons systems;• Rocket testing (including Scramjett e c h n o l o g y ) ;• Space vehicle launch and recovery,including reusable rockets;• Parachute drops;• Hot and dry equipment trials;• Because electromagnetic interference isextremely low, the area permitsEMI/EMC testing (electromagnetic inter-ference and compatibility between guid-ance systems and aircraft electronicequipment, both on the ground andin the air).

Today, Woomera still operates adeep-space tracking station. It haswhat they call "ears in space", listeningto noises from space, and it monitorsequipment on satellites in orbit.Woomera has R&D connections withNASA, the European Space Agency,Kistler Aerospace, BAE (BritishAerospace) Systems, the JapaneseC a n g a r o o Project and other not-so-public projects—like research intonanotechnology and breaking the Mach 7barrier (two years before the Americans,who announced they had done so in March2004) with its work on Scramjettechnology. Incidentally, Woomera doeshave an area designated as Area 52a EvettsField. It was one of the sites proposed forthe National Radioactive Waste Repositoryand probably still is.

The Woomera Prohibited Area, as it isnow known, is the size of England and cov-ers 127,000 square kilometres. You canhide a lot of activity in a remote desert com-pound the size of a small country. But inthe early 1950s, Woomera was a lot bigger.It covered 270,000 square kilometres. I twas also the subject of some very interest-ing events.

Military officers witness UFOOn the night of Saturday 27 October

1952, at approximately 8.00 pm, five per-sons witnessed a cigar-shaped object fly ona straight and horizontal trajectory, 40 to45 degrees above the horizon from the wit-nesses' right-hand side to their left. Four ofthe witnesses were at the Woomera open-air

theatre and were seated together: WarrantOfficer H., Warrant Officer W., J. A. (chiefbaker at the Department of Supply) andSergeant P.

In his report, Sergeant P. makes severalobservations, and considering he was anofficer at Woomera he would haveobserved test flights and been familiar withrockets and jets. He saw that the cigar-shaped object had two portholes and interi-or lighting. (Now why would an unmannedrocket need portholes and interior lighting?)It travelled faster than any jet aircraft he'dever seen. And in his statement he says hewas not prepared to say whether this thingwas an E a r t h l y object. W. states it was nota falling star, and was faster than any air-

craft he'd ever seen. H. comments that heheard no noise, and that it was definitelysomething other than anything from theheavens, meaning a comet or shooting star.The other witness was the wife of a service-man and gives the same description fromanother location in Woomera township.

The interesting part is where the ChiefSecurity Officer forwards all the reportsfrom the investigator to the State SecurityOffice in Adelaide under the title "FlyingSaucer Observed Over Woomera". In abrief covering letter he states that the wit-nesses are all reliable and sober and that acigar-shaped object, "whether man made ornot", was observed. A copy is then on-for-warded to the Deputy Chief SecurityOfficer in Melbourne. A paper trail hasb e g u n .

It then transpires that the A d v e r t i s e rnewspaper also published reports of thesame object, sighted by different witnessesin other parts of the state. (Any news clip-pings regarding flying saucers were cut outand retained by the various defence forces.We found a lot of them.)

And so a file is now born—RSO52/618—and becomes part of a greater file.

Snow clouds don't do 90° turnsThis next report from Woomera is from a

radar officer who was on duty at the time ofthis event. I have the original DefenceDepartment tracking map to back up theses t a t e m e n t s :

At 1.45 pm while searching for aM u s t a n g on G1, a target was lockedonto in the Shell Lagoon Area. Onlooking through the telescope on theradar dish, no target could be seen.The signal-to-noise ratio was at least 5to 1, which is similar to that obtainedfrom a large aircraft. Between 1.45

and 2.00 pm the target came to with -in a mile distant, and still could notbe seen. At 2.05 pm I decided toplot the course of the target. Attimes during the movement of thetarget, SMALLER targets seemedto detach themselves from the maintarget and drift away.There are numerous contradictions

surrounding this event. The officialexplanation, by the way, turned out tobe a snow cloud. However, the officialsshot themselves in the foot on that one.The report is titled "Flying SaucerPhenomenon over Range G1"—not ananomalous snow cloud! The fi le

summary on the weather conditions is asfollows, and I did check these conditionsi n d e p e n d e n t l y :

Fine, high cloud @ 25,000 feet, warmtemperature, 84 degrees Fahrenheit[27 degrees C]. Strong, northerly wind(25–30 mph), which blew from theinland desert.And this is where it gets strange (myemphasis in bold):In view of the foregoing weather reportand the absence of any visual sighting,the signals p r o b a b l y came from ac l o u d .In a report put together two weeks later,

after other radar operators were questioned,the object is referred to as the "invisiblephenomenon"—and because no object wasvisible, there was nothing of security inter-est. (So if you can see it, it can't be all bad.)But in the very same report, one paragraphabove this one, it reads (my emphasis inb o l d ) :

...the fact that small portions werebreaking away tends to show thatwhatever it was on radar was

THE TWILIGHT ZONE

Woomera Prohibited Area is now the size of England and covers 127,000 square

kilometres. In the early 1950s, Woomera covered

270,000 square kilometres.


registering the target very efficiently onsomething other than ordinary snow. So there goes the snow theory. Doesn't

make sense, does it?In the second paragraph on the same

piece of paper it reads:...the phenomenon was locked to hisradar beam for a period of at least 24minutes which in NO WAY can be com -pared with Flying Saucer phenomenonof previous reports. So I take it from that comment that they

knew pretty much how a flying saucerb e h a v e d !

UFO filmed during rocket launchMy next slide shows some correspon-

dence regarding the sighting of a UFOfilmed during a S k y l a r k rocket test back inApril 1967. We are y e t to locate that film.Some of the transcript reads as follows:

I spoke to you some weeks ago about areport of UFO sightings during aS k y l a r k launch...have you had the filmse x a m i n e d ?The superintendent was most upset that

the report he requested had not found itsway to his desk. (We encountered manysignificant handwritten notes on the files wee x a m i n e d . )

From 400 mph to Mach 5 – 3,600mph – in just 10 seconds!

In May 1954, a dark grey circular discwas observed by a Woomera radar operatorthrough binoculars, pacing a C a n b e r r abomber directly above it. The cruising

speed of a C a n b e r r a bomber was around400 mph. The disc flew up to theC a n b e r r a, paused over the top of i t ,remained stationary (seemingly) above thebomber, then flew away at great speed.Radar operators who took the bearing onthe target timed it between two points andrealised that this object was doing in excessof 3,600 miles per hour, or Mach 5, and yetit appeared to be stationary seconds before-hand. The radar operator who witnessedthe event is quoted as saying:

...during this time I found it very hardto believe what I was seeing, so I shutmy eyes and looked again, and it wasstill stationary over the C a n b e r r a.What makes this guy so believable is that

he worked for Vickers–Armstrong. Theymade aircraft. He knew what he was look-ing at.

Mach 1 was officially reached in October1947 (there's that date again) by ChuckYeager (The Right Stuff) in a Bell X-1 air-craft. Mach 2 was reached in December1953, and Mach 3 in September 1956. Ittook a further five years to achieve Mach 4in March 1961, and shortly after that Mach5 (3,603 mph) was achieved on 23 June1961—seven years after something else d i dit at Woomera. Mach 6 was reached on 9November 1961. It then took us 43 years,officially, to get from Mach 6 to Mach 7 inMarch 2004, although according to mysources Woomera achieved Mach 7 twoyears ago.

But what's most interesting about thiscase (and you really need to get your head

around this) is thatthe object went fromabout 400 mph to3,600 mph in just 10seconds! In 1954!

Hot Spots,Sightings at MilneBay, Papua NewG u i n e a

One of the mostintriguing things Ifound throughout myDisclosure journeyrefers to a series ofreports coming out ofPapua New Guinea,in particular theMilne Bay area.Considering the num-ber of files I'vescanned, this area

was by far the most active that I'd comeacross, next to Woomera.

Milne Bay is on the easternmost tip ofPapua New Guinea, bordered by theSolomon Sea above and the Coral Seabelow. The surrounding islands and seaswere rife with reports of all kinds of weirdand wonderful sightings. I believe theremay well be an underwater base in this area,because of the number of sightings oversuch a great period of time and also becausethe survey map indicates that the ocean isvery deep in this area. The seabeds aroundthese islands are littered with underwaterc a v e r n s .

What was seen but wasn't on theradar at Santa Cruz?

The area of the Santa Cruz Islands, bor-dering the Coral Sea near Vanuatu, is thesubject of my next report. HMAS A n z a creported that at 5.45 pm on Thursday 5 May1966, when in position near the Santa CruzIslands, four unidentified flying objectswere sighted at about 20 degrees above thehorizon by the navigating officer and byseveral other officers who were not on thebridge at the time.

These objects were quite distinct andappeared closely grouped, the leadingobject glowing red and the three trailingobjects green in colour and forming anequilateral triangle with its apex towards theleading object. They left trails of colour intheir wakes but these did not last. The trailswere approximately six times the length ofthe objects. After the objects had disap-peared behind cloud ahead of the ship, theyreappeared one more time before disappear-ing once again into cloud cover. Theapproximate time in sight was not morethan 25 seconds, and the objects were trav-elling at a very high speed.

No radar contacts were detected at thetime—although there is a handwritten nota-tion on this report to re-check all radarimaging for that day. There are two for-warding reports and there's another noteclearly stating that this report should "notfind its way to the Australian UFO file". Itis signed by the Director of NavalI n t e l l i g e n c e .

U 2 spyplane over Tasmania!Over the years, there have been a number

of occasions when UFO researchers haverun into UFO sightings generated by obser-vations of "secret" aircraft—flying trianglesbeing a perfect example.

THE TWILIGHT ZONE

Are they or aren't they ours? To the bestof our knowledge, no Australian researcheror group has suggested that "secret aircraft"have been the cause of any Australian UFOreports.

It was therefore with surprise that wecame across the following report whenreviewing an RAAF UFO file.

A Department of Agriculture inspectorreported a UFO sighting to the RAAF inMay 1961. Following is a reconstruction ofthe incident, based on the information locat-ed in a digital copy of file series A703:

At 8.35 am on 25 May 1961, childrenwere playing in the backyard of a house inDevonport, Tasmania. The children sawsomething in the sky which caused them toget a "Mr Y." out of the house. This malewitness reported seeing one definiteobject in the sky. It was "silvery butnot reflective" and was "shaped like athermometer or a pencil without apoint". No detailed structure wasnoted, and there was no sound associ-ated with the sighting. The object'sspeed was stated as "slow". It wasseen to the north-northwest ofDevonport, travelling in a straight line.

Question 26 on the RAAF ReportForm, which was filled in by theRAAF interviewer, asks for the"Location of any air traffic in thevicinity at the time of sighting". T y p e dhere are the words, "U2 aircraft over GreatLake at approximately 8.15 am travelling ina northerly direction, leaving a distinctvapour trail".

What were we doing with a U2 spyplaneflying over Tasmania in 1961?

The research journeyDuring the course of our research, AURA

has looked at hundreds of report forms,sketches, photographs and records on somany different types of UFOs it'sstaggering. And we haven't even finished10 per cent of what could be released.

I have only recounted a few sightingsfrom the hundreds if not thousands of sight-ings on record. It would be almost impossi-ble to present them all to you, so that's whywe are putting all this information on CDs.Under Crown copyright, I can only show 10per cent of any given file with names anddetails on them "for research purposes", sothat's why we want anyone with an interestin this subject to obtain a copy of the CDsto see for themselves what a goldmine ofinformation is now on record.

Some of the most interesting reports arefrom air bases in all States, particularlyPearce in Western Australia, Woomera inSouth Australia, and Williams at Lavertonin Victoria. There are reports from TAAand QANTAS pilots. There are hundredsof individual sighting reports, fully docu-m e n t e d , from every part of Australia,including from personnel on oil platforms,cargo ships and naval vessels as well asfrom police officers and the general public.The list is huge.

I guess we will still plod through theenormous amount of information at theNAA, because in order for you to look atthe files on their web page you have torequest each file to be examined and madea v a i l a b l e .

We have a master list of around 110 pos-sibly relevant files. The RAAF has files onUFOs from 1984 to 1994, so we need totake a look at these.

The aim is in two or three years' time touse our solid material to become politicallyactive in seeking other information from theAustralian Government and then to lobbythe government to declare openly what theirknowledge is on the topic of UFOs.

The mysterious "Committee"In all the files I reviewed, there were only

two references that I came across to "theCommittee". Both were from very-high-ranking military personnel.

I believe the Committee was attachedoriginally to the Joint IntelligenceOrganisation and had firm ties to the Chiefsof Naval and Air Force Intelligence.

It was set up to review certain interestingcases that were found to be either inconclu-sive or inexplicable in terms of "EarthlyOrigin". Following is an extract from a let-ter from the Director of Naval Intelligence:

2. It is advised that the reports have

been passed to the Committee whichhas been set up to consider suchreports. The Committee desires toexpress its thanks for such a well-authenticated sighting.This Committee actually seems rather

pleased to get such a well-documented andauthenticated report, obviously because thisis what they were there for. The report inquestion is on the Nowra Incident.

So what does the Government reallyknow about UFOs?

Not as much as they could, because theyseem to do very little analysis on the reportsthey gather, but I'm only surmising this. I'mquite sure that if they had a piece of alienbumper bar, they wouldn't have document-

ed it in the Archives for us to look at. I think they know everything they

need to know for now, and you can betthey have files that will never see thelight of day. But one thing's for sure:they would have someone, somewhere,who knows a damned sight more thanwe do. ∞

About the Author:Debbie Payne, based in Adelaide,South Australia, has worked as a tech-nical adviser in the constructionindustry for the last 20 years. Untilshe had her first UFO sighting at close

range about 10 years ago, she was asceptic.

From 1994 to 2002, Debbie wasinvolved with Colin Norris's AustralianInternational UFO and Flying SaucerResearch Organisation, which has beenmeeting since 1952. Since March 2002she's been participating in Lloyd Pye'sStarchild Project, and in mid-2002,together with ufologist Keith Basterfield,she formed an eight-member, self-fundedresearch group, the Australian UFOResearch Association (AURA).

This article is based on Debbie Payne'spresentation at the Australian NationalUFO Conference in June 2004. The fulltext can be found at the webpageh t t p : / / d i s c l o s u r e . f r e e w e b p a g e . o r g /A r t i c l e % 2 0 t e x t % 2 0 2 2 . 6 . 0 4 . h t m .

Debbie Payne can be contacted at theAustralian UFO Research Association,P O Box 786, North Adelaide, SA 5006,Australia; telephone 0413 800 143(mobile; Australia only), email [email protected], websiteh t t p : / / w w w . d i s c l o s u r e . f r e e w e b p a g e . o r g .

THE TWILIGHT ZONE


There are hundreds of individual sighting reports,

fully documented, from everypart of Australia, including

from pilots, personnel on oilplatforms, cargo ships and naval

vessels as well as from policeofficers and the general public.

CENSORED 2005: The Top 25Censored Storiesby Peter Phillips & Project CensoredSeven Stories Press, USA, 2004 ISBN 1-58322-655-9 (379pp tpb) Availability: Australia—PalgraveMacmillan; UK—Turnaround,http://www.turnaround-uk.com; USA—http://www.sevenstories.com

Last issue in Global News we published asummary of the top 25 news stories

judged by the Project Censored team atSonoma State University, California, to havebeen most ignored by the mainstream mediain the last 18 months. For the full run-downon these stories, along with updates on theseand past stories, turn to this new compila-tion, Censored 2005.

This edition has a foreword by investiga-tive reporter/author Greg Palast, whodeclares that 2004 "will live in journalisminfamy, when America's news media lost allshame, when reporting on the invasion ofIraq was replaced by war-nography".

At least half this book contains contribu-tions touching on important media-relatedissues of our times: media democracy inaction, the new American censorship andhow to challenge it (by Project CensoredDirector Dr Peter Phillips), the agenda ofconservative talk radio in the USA, and cor-porate media's neglect of anti-globalisationmovements. Case studies on the untoldstory of Haiti and US media coverage of theIsrael/Palestine situation make for chillingreading. And the best of PR Watch's spins

of the year are noted, including the US "madcow disease" cover-up and the Bush admin-istration's push for "sound science".

This book is a mine of information, and alot of it will make some sensitive readersfret at how the public is being duped by thecorporate-controlled media let alone by theirgovernments. At least to relieve the tension,the editors have liberally interspersed TomTomorrow's brilliantly satirical political car-toons throughout the book.

THE SEVENTH SENSE: The Secrets ofRemote Viewing as Told by a "PsychicSpy" for the US Militaryby Lyn BuchananParaview Pocket Books, USA, 2003 ISBN 0-7434-6268-8 (306pp tpb) Availability: Simon & Schuster,http://www.simonsays.com

Leonard "Lyn" Buchanan was a US Armysergeant based in Germany and working

with computer systems when in 1984, understrange circumstances, he was recruited intoa secret group attached to the Intelligenceand Security Command. Based at FordMeade, Maryland, it was conducting con-trolled remote viewing (CRV) as a militarydata collection tool. Lyn retired in 1992 andwent on to set up his own RV company, buthis experiences with the unit make for a fas-cinating read in The Seventh Sense.

In narrating what happened during hisassignments, Buchanan sets the recordstraight on what remote viewing is and whatit is not, and how it can best be conductedfor most accurate results. He makes the dis-tinction between the sixth sense, the abilityto perceive ambience, and the seventh sense,the psychic ability, while noting that bothare important in the remote viewing process.

Buchanan explains the subtleties andnuances, the protocols and pitfalls of work-ing with CRV, and shares personal details ofthe ways CRV has utterly changed his lifefor better and/or worse. And yet, with allhis RV experiences—exploring military tar-gets, getting into the minds of world leadersto discern their intentions, identifying drug-smuggling boats, entering a Russian particlebeam experiment—he discovered there's apinnacle of CRV called Perfect SiteIntegration (PSI). In his eight-and-a-halfyears with the unit, he only had nine suchexperiences and has only had four or fivesince—that's how rare these events are—andhe assures us that PSI is "one of the greatestexperiences a CRVer can ever have".

There's intriguing information about howthe conscious and subconscious minds work,about what happens after death, and aboutthe nature of time. Plus, there's a substantialsourcebook section that explains the key ter-minologies of the territory and gives practi-cal exercises to help anyone interested totrain themselves in the basics.

REVIEWS


Reviewed by Ruth Parnell

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MEDICALBREAKTHROUGHS & FORBIDDENTREATMENTSby Medical Research Associates, LLC(David Johnson, MA, Editor-in-Chief) Medical Research Associates, USA, 2005 ISBN 0-9749859-3-7 (319pp tpb) Availability: MRA, websitehttp://www.medical-breakthroughs.com

In preparing this compendium, the editorsat Medical Research Associates wanted to

make a positive difference to people's healthby assembling the most important, practicaland up-to-date information on a range oftreatments that support the fact that humansare complex organisms encompassing notjust a body but a mind and spirit.

Utilising a worldwide network of medicaland scientific researchers, and with an advi-sory board that includes medical doctors,naturopathic physicians, chiropractors andnurses, MRA has compiled the best avail-able data on how to treat specific ailmentsfrom AIDS to warts—and without your nec-essarily having to resort to orthodox surgicaland pharmacological options. In fact, in thepreface to this Encyclopedia of MedicalBreakthroughs & Forbidden Treatments, theeditors point out some shocking statistics forsurgery- and pharmaceutical-related injuriesand deaths. It's not their intention to alienateorthodox MDs by fostering alternative andcomplementary—often "unapproved"—medical treatments and technologies, but toencourage an environment where practition-ers can focus on helping their patients getthe best health outcomes.

Under each listed ailment there is informa-tion on causes and symptoms and on themost appropriate, successful treatments;

these may include taking vitamins, mineralsor essential fatty acids, undergoing light orsound therapy or doing specific exercises.This section contains cross-references to oneon general treatment methods such asacupuncture, insulin potentiation therapy(used to fight cancer) and nutrition/detoxtherapies. Special emphasis throughoutthese pages is on natural pain relief, includ-ing topical treatments such as DMSO, elec-tricity, magnets and even urine.

This comprehensively researched hand-book is a must for all health practitionersand ideal for the layperson who wants to bebetter informed about their healing options.

THE FOURFOLD PATH TO HEALINGby Thomas S. Cowan, MD, with SallyFallon and Jaimen McMillanNewTrendsPublishing, Inc., USA, 2004 ISBN 0-7434-6268-8 (425pp tpb) Availability: NewTrends Publishing,http://www.NewTrendsPublishing.com

Abook entitled The Fourfold Path toHealing conjures up images of the

Buddha and the path to enlightenment. Soreaders will be pleased to know that itsauthor, Dr Thomas Cowan, combines thebest of Eastern and Western esoteric wisdomin the healing arts with the best of modernfindings in Western medicine.

In his medical career path, Dr Cowan hasbeen particularly inspired by the work of DrWeston Price in areas of nutrition and physi-cal degeneration, and of Dr Rudolf Steinerwith his biodynamic agriculture principles.Dr Cowan has practised family medicine for20 years and is trained in homeopathy,naturopathy and anthroposophical medicine.His fourfold path to healing encompassesnutrition using nutrient-dense traditional

foods, therapeutics via a wide range of non-toxic remedies, holistic movements to healand strengthen the emotions, and meditationto develop one's objective thinking abilities.

A number of ailments are considered herein terms of this fourfold healing approach.We're provided with a multidimensionalmenu of treatments to deal with infectiousdisease, cancer, chronic fatigue, arthritis,back pain, women's and men's diseases andmuch more, along with appendices repletewith healthy, nutritious recipes and practicalexercises in movement and meditation.

For this book, Dr Cowan has recruited helpin the traditional nutrition domain fromSally Fallon, founding president of the US-based Weston A. Price Foundation andauthor of Nourishing Traditions, and in thefield of dynamic movement from JaimenMcMillan, developer of Spacial Dynamics®(his advice accompanied by easy-to-followillustrations). So this collaboration pullstogether a mix of expertise that offershealth-seekers some truly holistic solutions.

REVIEWS


WHY AREN'T I LEARNING?by Rafaele JoudrySound Therapy International, Aust, 2004 ISBN 0-9579246-2-3 (356pp tpb) Availability: Sound Therapy International,www.soundtherapyinternational.com

In Why Aren't I Learning?, Sound Therapypractitioner, author, educator and health

professional Rafaele Joudry has the answer:that learning how to listen is the key forchildren who need to overcome learning dif-ficulties. Her technique, based on thosedeveloped by French ear specialist DrTomatis and by her mother, Patricia Joudry,benefits normal and gifted children as well.

If your child has difficulty learning, read-ing, writing, remembering or keeping upwith other kids, perhaps it is that he/she hasa problem making sense of sounds. The sci-entifically based Sound Therapy programthat Rafaele Joudry describes makes use ofspecially filtered music and stories that chil-dren (even babies) can access via head-phones, enabling them to focus their concen-tration and enhance their language andlearning abilities—all the while keepingtheir interest alive. The system (you need toobtain the listening program kits) also hasspecial benefits for children and teenagersdiagnosed with so-called ADD or ADHD,helping them solve their learning problemswithout having to resort to dangerous phar-maceutical drugs. (Joudry has sensibledietary advice, too.) It also is helpful forchildren who've been diagnosed withautism, dyslexia, stubborn ear infections,hearing loss and other disorders.

Testimonies from parents of childrenwho've benefited from this therapy areincluded in Joudry's book, and they'reindeed heartening for other parents as well

as for teachers and health professionals whomay want to try these methods. Childrencan do these practical, easy, stimulatingexercises while they're playing, doing theirhomework or sleeping. Ultimately this sys-tem offers a therapy that helps your childreach their full potential. Sounds amazing!

CROSSING THE RUBICON: The Decline of the American Empire atthe End of the Age of Oilby Michael C. RuppertNew Society Publishers, Canada, 2004 ISBN 0-86571-540-8 (674pp tpb) Availability: New Society Publishers,website http://www.newsociety.com; From The Wilderness newsletter,http://www.fromthewilderness.com

In this damning exposé, Mike Ruppert (for-mer LAPD cop and publisher of the

acclaimed investigative newsletter From TheWilderness) subjects the events surrounding9/11 and the Bush administration's geopoliti-cal belligerence to the same scrutiny as if hewere working up a criminal prosecution. Heexamines the available evidence in terms ofmotive, means and opportunity and casts hisnet wide to implicate collaborators at thevery top of the US government (especiallyVP Dick Cheney), in Wall Street, amongdefence systems contractors, and withinintelligence and military networks not just inthe USA but in Israel, Pakistan and SaudiArabia. He also reminds us that Osama binLaden has been a longtime Bush/CIA asset.

Ruppert's dire conclusion is that 9/11 hadbeen in the planning for at least four years,even under Clinton's presidency. It was theideal pretext for the Bush neo-cons to makethe "War on Terrorism" official and justify

the military interventions required to securevital energy supplies in the Middle East andother strategic regions. He maintains it wasthe realisation by early 2000 that CaspianBasin energy reserves had been grosslyoverstated that brought a new urgency to theissue of growing US demand for oil and gasin the face of dwindling supply, and thishastened the push for new sources.

The decision to "cross the Rubicon" fromailing republic to flourishing empire he sayswas the result of closed-door discussionsamong Dick Cheney's National EnergyPolicy Development Group—"where thebasic motive for 9/11 was fully articulated,understood, and accepted" by the end ofApril 2001. It was sealed by May 2001when Bush placed Cheney in charge ofcounter-terror attack planning, giving himcontrol over FEMA and the military.

Ruppert's hefty book may make you weepwith despair, but it's meant to make us thinkand inspire us all to be courageous againstthe forces that want us to live in fear.

REVIEWS


THE CANOPUS REVELATION:Stargate of the Gods and the Ark ofOsirisby Philip CoppensFrontier Publishing, The Netherlands/Adventures Unlimited Press, USA, 2004 ISBN 1-931882-26-6 (212pp tpb) Availability: Frontier Publishing,http://www.fsf.nl; Adventures UnlimitedPress, www.adventuresunlimitedpress.com; or NEXUS offices in Australia, UK.

Most Egyptologists, including recent re-interpreters such as Robert Bauval and

Alan Alford, have erred in identifying thegod Osiris instead of Horus with the constel-lation Orion, says Philip Coppens. Andwhile the goddess Isis is teamed with thestar Sirius in Egyptian mythology, there'sanother star, the second brightest in the sky,that was fundamental to the beliefs of theancient Egyptians as well as Sumerians,Africans, Hindus and Greeks: the starCanopus. To all these civilisations, Canopuswas an important celestial marker for navi-gation; indeed, located close to the constel-lation Argo, the star was bound up in theGreek myth about Jason and the Argonauts.

To the Egyptians, Canopus was the southpolar star, and with its southerly positionlow near the horizon it was intricately linkedin their mythology with death and the soul'sjourney to enlightenment. And the god mostassociated with death and the afterlife wasOsiris. Coppens asks why, then, the impor-tance of Canopus has been overlooked orunderplayed by scholars—surely notbecause they lived too far north to observeit? Or was there a hidden reason? Coppenswas surprised to find that recognition of theCanopus/Osiris link can be found in hidden

esoteric sources from the Holy Grail legendto the infamous Priory of Sion's records.

Coppens learned that Canopus was identi-fied with his Chest, his Ark, in which he wastransformed from mere mortal to resurrectedsupergod. Thus, he surmises, the Egyptiansregarded Canopus as a "stargate" whichallowed man to communicate with the godsand even enter other dimensions, to experi-ence rebirth of the soul after death. This isat the core of the Osiris myth. Now frontierphysicists are using a similar "stargate" sym-bolism in describing the structure of theUniverse. It will be interesting to see howthe scholarly world responds to Coppens'sre-interpretation of ingrained belief systems.

MATRIX OF CREATION: SacredGeometry in the Realm of the Planetsby Richard HeathInner Traditions, USA, 2004 (first pub-lished by Bluestone Press, UK, 2002) ISBN 0-89281-194-3 (148pp tpb) Availability: Inner Traditions website,http://www.innertraditions.com

It can be argued that the ancient peoples ofthe world who understood number and

incorporated its mysteries into their livesand works were reflecting the proportionsthey observed in the sky over time.

In Matrix of Creation, Richard Heath (aweb developer and electrical/computer engi-neer from Scotland) turns his sights to thesolar system, showing that the planets forminterrelated numerical patterns with theirorbits—a cohesion which forms the matrix.Readers with an interest in sacred geometryand grid harmonics will be fascinated withthe "phi in the sky" synodic periods ofJupiter and Saturn that reveal the GoldenMean of 1:1.618..., the proportion that not

only has aesthetic appeal but is fundamentalto organic structures from shells to thehuman skeleton. And there's more.

The pentagram of five Venus synods, cre-ated over an eight-year period, has specialsignificance in our times, too, considering itssolar flypast in June 2004 and again in eightyears' time in 2012. The section on theMars/Venus interplay portrays a 4:3 ratiothat Heath shows is reflected in many amyth and measure of the ancient world. Hehas even found the irregular orbit ofMercury depicted in the facial features ofHumbaba from the Gilgamesh epic. At leastthe task of getting acquainted with thesenumerical ratios and symbols is not so epic,helped by simple graphics.

Heath brings the Cosmos back to Earth,demonstrating that the sacred ratios wereincorporated into ancient architecture suchas Stonehenge and reflected in the musicaltones that the ancients sounded to plug intothe Divine. There's so much harmony thathe concludes our solar system may not havebeen an accidental creation.

REVIEWS


LEMURIA AND ATLANTIS: Studyingthe Past to Survive the Futureby Shirley AndrewsLlewellyn Publishers, USA, 2004 ISBN 0-7387-0397-4 (257pp tpb) Availability: Llewellyn Worldwide,http://www.llewellyn.com

Piecing together humanity's distant past isone of our great challenges, and Shirley

Andrews manages to make a little moresense of the world pre-10,000 BC by draw-ing together evidence for contemporaneousancient civilisations in the Pacific andAtlantic oceans, namely Mu (or Lemuria)and Atlantis, which met their final demise ina cataclysm at the end of the last ice age.Megalithic ruins (above ground and sub-merged), cave artefacts and local legendslend credence to this view, but Andrews alsorelies on psychic descriptions in her newbook, Lemuria and Atlantis (a follow-up toAtlantis: Insights from a Lost Civilization).

Her primary source of information fromthe psychic realm comes from readings bythe famous American seer Edgar Cayce,who spoke of the lost continent of Atlantishaving existed in the Atlantic Ocean—andthe submerged megalithic ruins found in theGreater Bahamas would seem to confirm hisassertion to some extent. Her other sourcescome from people who have written to herwith their dreams and memories of past livesin Lemuria and Atlantis. These certainlyextend the paradigm, but such accounts tendnot to be accepted in the scholarly world.

Academia is yet to explain the vast, semi-submerged basalt constructions on NanMadol in the West Pacific, or the same sortsof spiral carvings found from the PacificIslands to the Loltun caves in the YucatánPeninsula to the Canary Islands and beyond.

From the evidence, Andrews concludes thatthe Lemurian civilisation—with its spiritual-ity, symbology, architecture, technology andvibrational healing techniques—spread asfar west as Tibet and east to the Americas,where it merged with the Atlantean civilisa-tion as it was moving further west, bothgroups escaping cataclysmic earth changes.

This multifaceted approach has relevancefor how we view our past and our future.

CHEMTRAILS CONFIRMEDby William ThomasBridger House Publishers, USA, 2004 ISBN 1-893157-10-5 (325pp tpb) Availability: Bridger House Publishers,Inc., tel 1800 729 4131 (toll free),http://www.willthomas.net

Since the mid-1990s, people across theUSA and other parts of the world includ-

ing Australia, Canada, Europe and the UKhave been looking up at the sky and observ-ing military transport planes creating criss-crossing contrails that eventually merge in ahaze from horizon to horizon. They've seenthese planes spraying substances at low alti-tude, when civilian aircraft flying muchhigher have left no such condensation trails.Thousands have become ill as a result of thefallout from these "chemtrails", reportingdiverse reactions such as respiratory distress,pneumonia, gastrointestinal problems,lethargy and nosebleed. Substances like alu-minium oxide, bacteria and mycoplasmahave been identified in the chemtrail fallout.

NEXUS readers may recall several articleson chemtrails that we've run by researcherWilliam Thomas (see 8/06, 7/02, 6/03). InChemtrails Confirmed, Thomas furtherexamines the questions he has posed as towhether this phenomenon is part of some

covert climate control agenda or constitutesbiological warfare against the people—orboth. Year by year, the evidence is growingfor the reality of this covert chemtrails pro-ject, and increasing numbers of highlytrained personnel are speaking out abouttheir observations. But until the authorities'fess up, the chemtrails phenomenon and themotive for producing it are subjects of muchspeculation. The late Dr Edward Teller in1998 suggested placing a "sunscreen" aboveEarth to reflect sunlight and reduce globalwarming (if this were indeed the problem),yet the chemtrails phenomenon was beingnoticed years beforehand. In fact, weathermodification has been conducted fordecades and seems to have been ramped upa few notches with the establishment of theHAARP ionospheric experiment in Alaska.

As the mainstream media are ignoringchemtrails, it is up to independent journalistslike Thomas to find out what we need toknow. He also suggests actions we can takeat the political level as well as at the person-al level in terms of boosting our health.

REVIEWS



SUNS OF GOD: Krishna, Buddha andChrist Unveiledby Acharya SAdventures Unlimited Press, USA, 2004 ISBN 1-931882-31-2 (595pp tpb) Availability: Adventures Unlimited Press,http://www.adventuresunlimitedpress.com;or NEXUS offices in Australia, UK, NZ etc.

In this follow-up to her controversial bookThe Christ Conspiracy (7/02), author and

scholar Acharya S investigates the origins ofthree of the world's most popular religions,Hinduism, Buddhism and Christianity, andexamines the similarities amongst their fig-ureheads—Krishna, Buddha and Jesus.

In Suns of God, she argues that myths arenot "mere meaningless mumbo-jumbo" buthave meaning and purpose. Yet she doesn'thold that these "godmen" of the solar pan-theon were actual historical personages.Instead, Acharya S puts the case for theseidentities being "anthropomorphisations" ofthe core knowledge of ancient mystery tradi-tions going back thousands of years andhaving commonalities all over the globe.

She laments that in the 21st century, "littlehas changed in terms of religious under-standing, and the world in general continuesto be divided along the lines of faith".

You could say things have only becomeworse, with a growing tendency towardsfundamentalism across several of the "greatfaiths". Surely this wasn't the intention ofthe core teachings? Or have the so-called"brotherhoods" been promoting exotericteachings instead of esoteric teachings thatseem to require the protection of secret soci-eties? So many questions, and Acharya Sprovides a daunting array of tangents for ourexploration, confirming that the ancientswere obsessed with things astronomical andastrological and that such pursuits werebasic to their theology—an astrotheologythat's at the core of every great religion.

Acharya S distills a wealth of detail thatyou never knew about the ancient world, andconcludes that these great world faiths havemore in common than we realise.

SHOPPED: The Shocking Power ofBritish Supermarketsby Joanna BlythmanFourth Estate/HarperCollins, UK, 2004 ISBN 0-00-715803-3 (368pp pb) Availability: Fourth Estate,http://www.4thestate.com

Supermarkets have become an all-too-pervasive aspect of our lives. In the

Western world, few people can entirelyavoid supermarkets, even if they do the bulkof their shopping at their local greengrocer,fishmonger, butcher, hardware store orhealth food co-op—small outlets that arebecoming more scarce as the giant chainscontinue to fight each other for ever-greatermarket share and dominance.

In Shopped, award-winning UK food jour-nalist Joanna Blythman attempts to tear theblinkers from the eyes of ordinary con-sumers who are unaware of or just don't careabout what they're forsaking for so-calledconvenience and lowish prices. She entreatsus to see the supermarket giants for whatthey really are: feudal tyrants that tell uswhat we think we want to buy (the moreprocessed, the higher their profit margin);that tell lies about the quality of their prod-ucts; that tell growers what and how much toproduce and how and when they must pre-sent it. It's sad that the British, with theirlocal, seasonal food traditions and theirindependent shopkeeper ethos, could thinkthat what is best for them is access to a con-stant supply of (variable-quality) foods fromanywhere on Earth, regardless of the season.Their bowing to the supermarket tyrantsshows how conditioned they've become.Meanwhile, local livestock and food produc-ers have become poorer as a result.

In the UK, a few supermarket superpowersincluding Tesco, Asda (owned by the USWal-Mart) and Sainsbury's control around70% of the market and keep battling forgreater shares based on further manipulationof the shopper's mindset and wallet andexploitation of suppliers and workers.Cheesy American staff-training styles and"retailtainment" distractions are infiltratingthe British social fabric, already rent asunderby the giants' setting up outside town andcausing the demise of high-street shopkeep-ers—only to set up again in town in"Express" stores designed to get rid of therest of whatever competition is left.

Ultimately, says Blythman, we do have achoice in the face of the big supermarkets'imposed choices: we can support localgrowers and suppliers; reject ready-mademeals and processed ingredients in favour ofhome-prepared meals that use fresh, nutri-tious, even organically grown ingredients;and make a stand for real, not fake, commu-nities. By doing this, we can change our lot.

REVIEWS

NOT ON THE LABEL: What Really Goes into the Food onYour Plateby Felicity LawrencePenguin Books, UK, 2004 ISBN 0-141-01566-7 (272pp pb) Availability: Penguin Books,http://www.penguin.co.uk

After reading Felicity Lawrence's book,you'll never feel the same way about

shopping at the supermarket. Like her,you'll become a shopping detective, check-ing labels, questioning the sources of theproducts on show, wondering what the heckreally is in frozen chicken nuggets (if youeven bother to go near the frozen food sec-tion), and perhaps thinking there has to be abetter and healthier way to eat and not bebeholden to the industrial food giants.

In Not on the Label, Lawrence incorpo-rates much of the undercover investigativereporting featured in her columns in the UKGuardian newspaper in recent years. Andeye-opening it is. Despite health authorities'controls, there are still significant breaches

in protocols that take place between farmand supermarket. Readers will be gobs-macked to learn that Dutch food processorshave worked out ways to incorporate beefprotein (and extra water) in frozen importedchicken breasts to plump them up and alsoto evade detection in DNA tests.

But chicken is just one of a number ofadulterated foods that Lawrence focuses onthematically—other foodstuffs being salad,beans, bread, apples and bananas, coffee andprawns, and ready-made meals. She arguesthat the powerful supermarket chains and thecorporate industry that they support are notjust compromising the quality of our foodsupply but are promoting practices that areecologically unsustainable and are unjust tomarginalised workers. Indeed, migrantworkers in the UK as well as workers abroadbear the brunt of a callous, globalised foodproduction/distribution system.

We need to reassess where our consumersociety is heading—a society that forgoes

seasonal produce in favour of out-of-seasonimports, takes the easy way out withprocessed foods and snacks, and doesn't careif our food is genetically engineered or not.

Among the positive strategies Lawrencesuggests is that we support local, sustain-able, organic food production as well as FairTrade products that help Third World pro-ducers improve their livelihood.

HOODWINKED: Watching Movies with Eyes WideOpenby Uri DowbenkoConspiracy Digest LLC, USA, 2004 ISBN 0-9710-0422-6 (257pp tpb) Availability: Conspiracy Digest,http://www.conspiracydigest.com

If we go to the cinema to be entertained, dowe expect to be deceived in the process?

Not necessarily, but Uri Dowbenko (authorof Bushwhacked; see NEXUS 10/01)reminds us in Hoodwinked that movies are"the most powerful form of programmingyet devised, implanting specific perceptionsof the world". They can carry hidden mean-ings and secret messages, and not everyoneis aware enough or sufficiently equipped tobe able to resist any adverse indoctrinationintended by the films' producers.

Dowbenko, an alternative media authorwho specialises in "conspiracy" research,moonlights as a film reviewer, and for thiscompilation he has assembled a number ofpreviously published critiques that helpexplain the subtexts of a host of films thatmay have eluded all but the most astuteviewers. He deconstructs a large selectionof relatively recent movies according to cat-egories: political science fiction (TheMatrix); Illuminati/mind control/psy-ops(Conspiracy Theory); mystical (Contact);historical secrets and lies (Seven Years inTibet); pop idolatry with an emphasis on sexand death (Armageddon); and government/business scams (Bulworth).

Not all the examples given are what couldbe judged as attempts to brainwash the pub-lic in sinister ways; some are actuallydesigned to make people think, throw off theshackles of government/media/corporate/religious oppression and become selfempowered, even self transcendent.

A difficult call, but it would have beenhelpful to have more detail on each film'sfunding to aid our appreciation of the agen-das behind the scenes. Still, each critiquecontains interesting background researchthat provides additional context for under-standing and appraising each film.

Dowbenko's perspectives, whether youagree with them or not, will encourage youto watch your next movie with your eyeswide open—so you don't get hoodwinked.

REVIEWS


REVIEWS


NEXUS 2004 EUROPE CONFERENCEVIDEOS & DVDsProduced and directed by Bert JanssenPrices: DVD – €22.00, Video – €20.00Distributor: Europe—Frontier SciencesFoundation, PO Box 48, Enkhuizen 1600AA, The Netherlands, telephone +31 0228324076, fax +31 0228 312081, websitehttp://www.fsf.nlAvailability: Australia—NEXUS OfficePrices: DVDs $38.50 each inc. GST +postage; Videos $33.00 each, if available; Elsewhere overseas—Try your nearestNEXUS Office in NZ or UK.

NICK BEGICHInspiring and informative talk on HAARP,the effects of frequencies on humans, andpersonal and social activism.

JERRY DECKERAn overview of the inventors, researchersand theories in the free energy field thathold promise for our future.

CHRISTOPHER DUNNThought-provoking research on theengineering impossibilities of the Egyptianpyramids and other mystery sites.

RICHARD SAUDER Evidence and speculation on undergroundand undersea bases and tunnels aroundthe world.

JASON MARTELLExcellent presentation on Planet X, ancientastronauts and mysteries of the Sumerianculture.

STUART URBANDirector of the movie Revelation, whichlinks ancient mysteries with secretsocieties.

VALERY UVAROVMind-blowing presentation about themysterious, ancient, high-tech"Installation" in remote Siberia and its rolein the 1908 Tunguska event.

JOHN MAJOR JENKINSResearch into the Mayan civilisation andits relationship to the predictions for worldchanges in 2012.

NANCY POLET – INTERVIEWSEnvironmental law specialist and freelancejournalist Nancy Polet interviews eachspeaker at the NEXUS 2004 EuropeConference.

NEXUS 2004 BRISBANE CONFERENCEVIDEOS & DVDsProduced by E&E Productions, SAPrices: DVD – A$45.00, Video – A$35.00inc. GST & postageDistributor: Australia—E&E Productions,PO Box 444, Oaklands Park, SA 5046,tel/fax (08) 8298 8449, websitehttp://www.eande.va.com.auAvailability: E&E Productions (see above)or your nearest NEXUS Office

VALERY UVAROV (90mins)Information about the mysterious, ancient,high-tech "Installation" in remote Siberiaand its role in the Tunguska event. Alsodiscusses the Wands of Horus.

NICK BEGICH I (90mins)The Neurophone and the rise of energyfrequency medicine.

NICK BEGICH II (90mins)HAARP, Tesla technology and the future.

JIM MARRS I (90mins)The unanswered questions of 9/11.

JIM MARRS II (90mins)Secret societies, UFOs and the NWO.

RICHARD ALAN MILLER (90mins)Planetary resonance and mind/mood-control technology.

PROF SIEGFRIED TISCHLER (90mins)Explodes the myth that oil is of fossilorigin. Also discusses geopolitics of oil.

WAL THORNHILL (90mins)Revelations on the electrical nature of thecosmos, comets and planets.

NANCI TRIVELLATO (90mins)Research into the out-of-body experience.

JAIN (90mins)Vedic Maths and Sacred Geometry.

MALCOLM McCLURE (90mins)Explains our Common Law rights.

LLOYD PYE (90mins)Overturns the theory of evolution andadvocates ET intervention; Starchild skull.

INTERNET SECURITY TEAM (60mins)Computer security specialists reveal tipson preventing unauthorised access to andtheft of data.

EVE HILLARY (90mins)Update on the covert war againstalternative therapies and medicines.

NEXUS CONFERENCE NEW RELEASES NEXUS CONFERENCE NEW RELEASES

CARIBBEAN PLAYGROUND by various artistsPutumayo Kids, USA, 2004 (42mins) Distributors: Aust—MRA Entertainment,tel (07) 3849 6020; UK—PinnacleImports, tel 01689 870622; USA—Putumayo, tel 1888 7888 8629, websitehttp://www.putumayo.com

The World Playground series has beenpromoted by Putumayo in recent years

and this is the newest release. The aim ofthe series is to introduce children to music ofthe world and let them have fun as well.Each CD has upbeat songs to sing or danceto, liner notes that inform on the songs andgreat artwork. (There is also an interactivewebsite, www.putumayokids.com.) Musicfrom the Caribbean is a mixture of reggae,zouk and bomba, with famed artists like TajMahal, Desmond Dekker, the Wailers, LucLeandry and more. The series has won theUS Parents' Choice Award and is top value.

OM MANI PADME HUM by Buedi SiebertReal Music, USA, 2004 (50mins)Distributors: Australia—New WorldMusic, tel (02) 9565.4522; USA—RealMusic, tel (415) 331 8273, websitehttp://www.realmusic.com

Trained as a classical musician, BuediSiebert has travelled the world and con-

nected with the music of Tibet on his way.This album was created for a multi-visionproject, "Tibet Impressions", in 1999–2000.The experience moved Buedi so much, he'sused the Om Mani Padme Hum mantra inhis work and for this studio recording. Itblends the voices of Tibetan monks and theBillafinger Madrigal Choir with bambooflutes, clarinet, udu, frame drums, gongs,marimba and base guitars. An uplifting CDof ambient Tibetan music.

A DROP IN THE OCEAN by Sultan Khan and Krishna DasKaruna/Triloka, USA, 2003 (55mins)Distributors: Aust—Difrnt Music, tel(02) 9387 4552; USA—Karuna Music,tel (415) 626.6334, websitehttp://www.karunamusic.com

Krishna Das has performed around theworld, influencing many leading musi-

cal and political figures with his devotionalmusic. Here he combines traditional Indianchant with the modern, and provides the har-monium accompaniment. Sultan Khan isone of the Indian music greats as a sarangiplayer and singer. The two masters from

two different backgrounds combine to pro-duce some divine singing and verse with theinspiring, emotional call-and-response styleof bajhan (song), with tabla, guitar and key-board contributions from Ty Burhoe, DavidNichtern and John McDonald. An historicalbum for Indian music enthusiasts.

TASSOUMAKAN by Issa BagayogoSix Degrees, USA, 2004 (66mins)Distributors: Aust—MRA Entertainment,tel (07) 3849 6020; USA—Six DegreesRecords, tel (415) 626 6334, websitehttp://www.sixdegreesrecords.com

Issa Bagayogo has been nicknamed"Techno-Issa" in his homeland of Mali.

Raised on traditional music and instruments,he began mixing these sounds with technodrum programming after he met Frenchengineer Yves Wernert and guitarist MoussaKone in 1993. This was very new in Mali,and it became known as "Afro-techno". Hisfirst CD, Sya, in 1998, was a huge success inMali. The second album, Timbuktu, becamean international hit, and this third album,Tassoumakan ("Voice of Fire"), is his mostbluesy roots music yet. Recommended.

SOUND MEDICINE MAN by Tim WheaterNew World Music, Aust, 2004 (50mins)Distributors: Australia/UK/USA— NewWorld Music, website http://www.newworldmusic.com

Tim Wheater is one of the greats of ambi-ent music and has a string of releases

behind him. This latest album from Timexpresses his inspiration for the shaman'spath and was recorded in the high mountainsof Colorado, USA. His distinctive flutesound carries his magical, haunting compo-sitions that capture the solitude, dedicationand peace of the ancient shaman's path. TheCD holds that drifting Tim Wheater sound,transmitting a message of timelessness. Abeautiful, calming album.

Reviewed by Richard Giles


REVIEWS

group of children who could have been usedas a thimerosal-free control. It seems thatfor two years before this conference,Bethesda Naval Hospital had been usingonly thimerosal-free vaccines to immunisechildren. They knew this, and I wouldassume someone would have told DrVerstraeten of this important fact before hedid his study.

So, now to the quote. Dr Braun responds(page 170) to the idea of starting a newstudy using such thimerosal-free controls bysaying: "Sure we will have the answer infive years. The question is: what can wedo now with the data we have?"

Well, we have the answer to that: theysimply cover up this study, declare thatthimerosal is of no concern and continue theunaltered policy. That is, they can suggestthe pharmaceutical manufacturers of vac-cines remove the thimerosal, without mak-ing it mandatory or examining the vaccineto make sure the thimerosal has beenremoved.

Let's take a small peek at just how muchwe can trust the pharmaceutical manufac-turers to do the right thing.

Several reports have surfaced of majorviolations of vaccine manufacturing policywhich have been cited by the regulatoryagencies.

These include obtaining plasma donationswithout taking adequate histories fromdonors as to disease exposures and previoushealth problems, poor record-keeping onthese donors, improper procedures andimproper handing of specimens.

That these are not minor violations isemphasised by the discovery that a womanwith variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease(vCJD) was allowed to give plasma to beused in vaccines in England.

In fact, it was only after the contaminatedplasma was pooled and used to make mil-lions of doses of vaccines that her diseasewas discovered. British health officials toldthe millions of vaccinated not to worry,since they have no idea if this vaccine willreally spread the disease.

Contamination of vaccines is a majorconcern in the US as well, as the regulatoryviolations make plain. It is also importantto note that no fines were imposed in theUK in these instances—just warnings.


About the Author:Board-certified neurosurgeon Dr RussellBlaylock has practised neurosurgery forthe past 26 years and runs a successfulprivate nutritional practice. He serveson the editorial staff of the Journal of theAmerican Nutraceutical Association andon the editorial board of the Journal ofAmerican Physicians and Surgeons, theofficial journal of the Association ofAmerican Physicians and Surgeons.

His first book, Excitotoxins: The TasteThat Kil ls, demonstrated the linkbetween food additives and degeneratived i s e a s e s . Dr Blaylock has also con-tributed to three medical textbooks andhas written and illustrated booklets onmultiple sclerosis and bioterrorism. Heis a lso the author o f two recentlyreleased books, Health and NutritionSecrets That Can Save Your Life a n dNatural Strategies for Cancer Patients.His article, "Excitotoxins: DangerousFood Additives" was reprinted in NEXUS7/04–05.

Dr Blaylock can be contacted via hiswebsite:

http://www.russellblaylockmd.com.

The Truth behind the Vaccines Cover-up

Continued from page 22


C O N C L U S I O NWhen the number-one killer in a society

is the health care system, then that systemhas no excuse except to address its ownurgent shortcomings. It's a failed systemin need of immediate attention.

What we have outlined in this paper areinsupportable aspects of our contemporarymedical system that need to be changed—beginning at its very foundations. ∞

Editor's Note:Due to space constraints, we are unable topublish the endnotes accompanying thisarticle; instead, we have posted them withthe article on our website,http://www.nexusmagazine.com. Readerswithout Internet access can request a copyof the endnotes from their nearest NEXUSOffice.

This article is copyright © 2003–2004Nutrition Institute of America, Inc. (NIA),all rights reserved, and is reprinted by kindpermission. No further duplication ordistribution of this article is permittedwithout the express written permission ofNIA. For further information regardingNIA, and for the full text of the article, visit

h t t p : / / w w w . n u t r i t i o n i n s t i t u t e o f a m e r i c a .org. For more articles relating toalternative health and nutrition, visit thelibrary at Gary Null's Natural Livingwebsite, http://www.garynull.com.

About the Authors:• Carolyn Dean, MD, ND, since 1979

has worked as a medical doctor,naturopath, herbalist, herbal formulator,homoeopath, consultant, researcher andwriter, and as an activist, advocate andinventor. She has written several booksand hundreds of articles, has appearedon countless radio and TV programs,including ABC's The View, promotingnatural healing and the individual's rightto take responsibility for their ownhealth.

Based in New York City, Dr Dean ishealth adviser and writer forw w w . y e a s t c o n n e c t i o n . c o m ,www.curesnaturally.com, andwww.friendsoffreedom.com. She canbe contacted via her website,http://www.carolyndean.com. Dr Deanis the main author of this article.

• Martin Feldman , MD, is a board-certified neurologist and Assistant

Professor of Neurology at Mount SinaiMedical Center in New York City. He isthe author of 63 peer-reviewed journalarticles and is at the forefront ofunderstanding modern advances inmedical science.

• Gary Null has a PhD in humannutrition and is the host of the longest-running syndicated radio show onhealth and nutrition in the USA. He haspublished over 71 books, including theNew York Times best-sellers Get HealthNow! and Power Aging. He is also theproducer of numerous award-winningdocumentaries about health andlifestyle. He is the founder of theNatural Living Running Club, and hascompeted as a world-class athlete. In1975 he founded the not-for-profitcorporation, Nutrition Institute ofAmerica, Inc.

Dr Null can be contacted via hiswebsite, http://www.garynull.com.

• Debora Rasio , MD, is a physicianpractising alternative medicine in Rome,Italy. She is also an oncologist who haswritten extensively on cancer. Dr Rasioprovided some of the initial research forthis paper.

Death by Medicine



University Library, Washington, DC, toassess Quigley's claims to privilegedaccess to files of the "internationalAnglophile network".1 1 . Gary Allen with Larry Abraham,None Dare Call It Conspiracy, ConcordPress, 1971, p. 74.1 2 . Quoted in Walter Nimocks, M i l n e r ' sYoung Men, pp. 143-144.1 3 . For biographies of Cecil Rhodes, see:Sarah Gertrude Millin, R h o d e s, Chatto &Windus, 1952; John Flint, Cecil Rhodes,Hutchinson, 1976; Robert I. Rotberg withMiles F. Shore, The Founder: CecilRhodes and the Pursuit of Power, OxfordUniversity Press, 1988; and AntonyThomas, R h o d e s, St Martin's Press, 1997.1 4 . See: Thomas, R h o d e s, pp. 169-181;Rotberg, The Founder, pp. 180-214; andRob Turrell, "Rhodes, De Beers andMonopoly", Journal of Imperial andCommonwealth History, May 1982, pp.3 1 1 - 3 4 3 .1 5 . John S. Galbraith, "Cecil Rhodes andhis 'Cosmic Dreams': A Reassessment",Journal of Commonwealth and ImperialH i s t o r y, Winter 1972–73, p. 173.1 6 . Quigley, Tragedy and Hope, p. 130.

See also: Flint, Cecil Rhodes, pp. 27-28;and Millin, R h o d e s, p. 29.1 7 . Rotberg, The Founder, pp. 85-88, 95.Thomas (R h o d e s, p. 110), recognising thatRhodes arrived three years too late to seeRuskin, still speculates that "no doubt, hewould have read the published text" ofRuskin's speech.1 8 . Quoted in Flint, Cecil Rhodes, pp. 27-2 8 .1 9 . Rotberg, The Founder, p. 95.2 0 . ibid., pp. 99-100 (including quote).2 1 . Quoted in Flint, Cecil Rhodes, pp.2 4 8 - 2 4 9 .2 2 . Quoted in Millin, R h o d e s, p. 32.2 3 . Quoted in Flint, Cecil Rhodes, pp.2 5 0 - 2 5 1 .2 4 . Rotberg, The Founder, pp. 101, 102. 2 5 . "Confession" quoted in Flint, C e c i lR h o d e s, p. 249.2 6 . Rotberg, The Founder, pp. 101-102.The "heart attack", which is alleged tohave occurred while Rhodes was inOxford, is an unusual incident. Hisfriends reportedly found Rhodesbarricaded in his room "blue with fright"and insisting that "he had seen a ghost"(ibid., p. 102).2 7 . Quoted in ibid., pp. 32-33 (emphasisa d d e d ) .2 8. ibid., p. 233.

2 9 . Niall Ferguson, The House ofRothschild: The World's Banker,1 8 4 8 – 1 9 9 8, Penguin Books, 2000, vol. II,pp. 360-362, 523 fn13 (including Rhodesq u o t e ) .3 0 . Quoted in Rotberg, The Founder, p.316. 3 1 . Quoted in Estelle W. Stead, M yFather: Personal & SpiritualR e m i n i s c e n c e s, William Heinemann, 1913,p. 154.3 2 . Rotberg, The Founder, pp. 281-282;quotes in Stead, My Father, pp. 234, 236.3 3 . Rotberg, The Founder, p. 282.3 4 . Quigley, Tragedy and Hope , p. 133.3 5 . Quoted in Stead, My Father, p. 239.3 6 . Rhodes to Stead quoted in Millin,R h o d e s, p. 172; Rhodes's will quoted inRotberg, The Founder, p. 666.3 7 . Christopher Hitchens, Blood, Classand Nostalgia: Anglo-American Ironies ,Chatto & Windus, 1990, pp. 299-300.3 8 . Quigley, Tragedy and Hope, pp. 130-131; Rhodes quoted in Millin, R h o d e s, p.1 7 1 .3 9 . Quoted in Millin, R h o d e s, pp. 172-1 7 5 .4 0 . Quoted in Graham Hancock andRobert Bauval, Talisman: Sacred Cities,Sacred Faith, Michael Joseph, 2004, p.3 7 9 .

A Short History of the Round Table



In the event of inadequate functioning ofthe energy canals, the energy cocoongenerated by the Wands of Horus vibratingat the frequency dictated by thehypothalamus and hypophysis assumes anintermediary role of conveying the blockedsignal and stimulating the functions of self-healing and regeneration.

The "pranic cocoon" produced by theWands of Horus KO N T, filled with carbonand ferromagnetic material, has a powerfulimpulse effect on the human organism, butit is not stable. Irrespective of how longyou work with this type of cylinder, eventwo or three days, the cocoon they createdisperses completely within 24 hours.Hence, to maintain the cocoon produced bythis type of cylinder requires work everysingle day.

The Wands of Horus QUARTZ, filled withcrystals of quartz, produce a "praniccocoon" that has a gentle, even but deep-acting effect on the human organism. Thecocoon created by this type of cylinder isvery stable. If you work with the Wands ofHorus QUARTZ continually for a week, thenthe cocoon created will last for three

weeks, continuing its corrective effect onthe whole organism.

To correct pathological conditions whichhave built up over a number of years, theorganism and the Wands of Horus needtime. Therefore, work with the cylindersmust be regular and continual. The deepcorrection required for serious conditionsmay take several months.

Remember that we spend years acquiringour problems, so do not worry if you do notexperience rapid results. ∞

About the Author:Dr Valery Mikhailovich Uvarov has devotedmore than 14 years to studying the legacyof ancient civilisations. He is the head ofthe Department of UFO Research,Palaeosciences and Palaeotechnology ofthe National Security Academy of Russia.The Academy has a mandate to publish itsfindings freely.

Dr Uvarov is the author of numerouspublications on palaeosciences andpalaeotechnology as well as ufology andesoterica in the Russian and foreign press.He has also initiated and participated in anumber of expeditions to India and Egypt insearch of material evidence of ancientknowledge. He is a regular participant at a

variety of international conferences andgives lectures and seminars in Australia,America, Britain, Germany andScandinavia.

In 1999 he published The Wands ofH o r u s, the first book to provide a theoryregarding the use and construction of theWands. He has since published a secondbook on the Wands of Horus in Russian,soon to be available in English. Dr Uvarovis based in St Petersburg, Russia, and can becontacted by email at [email protected].

About the Collaborator:Carl Agar has been working with ValeryUvarov since 2001 to assist him in bringingthe message of the Wands of Horus to theEnglish-speaking world. He converted DrUvarov's original book into a PDF version,which is now freely available on theInternet at http://www.nei los.org orhttp://www.wands.org. He has since beenresponsible for making available furtherworks on the Wands of Horus as they havebeen translated into English.

Mr Agar is the principal of Neilos EthericProducts. He can be contacted at PO Box6425, St Kilda Road Central, Melbourne Vic8008, Australia, tel/fax +61 (0)3 9787 3216,email enquir [email protected], websi tehttp://www.neilos.org.

The Wands of Horus – Ancient Tools for Enlightenment



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