Multimedia Health Education · management of Oral Habits must be made in conjunction with your...

Disclaimer

This movie is an educational resource only and should not be used to manage your health. All decisions about the management of Oral Habits must be made in conjunction with your dentist or a licensed healthcare provider.

Multimedia Health Education

ORAL HABITS

MULTIMEDIA HEALTH EDUCATION MANUAL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION CONTENT

2 . Overview of Oral Habits

1 . Normal Anatomy of Oral Cavity a. Introduction

b. Normal Tooth Anatomy

3 . Treatment Options a. Diagnosis and Treatment

a. What are Oral Habits?

b. Types of Oral Habits

c. Causesd. Signs and Symptoms

Multimedia Health EducationORAL HABITS

INTRODUCTION

The mouth, also referred to as the oral cavity, is the first part of our digestive system. It receives food, mixes it with saliva and begins the process of digestion.


The oral cavity includes the teeth, tongue and saliva secreted from salivary glands. In order to learn more about Oral Habits, it is necessary to understand the normal anatomy of the oral cavity.

Unit 1: Normal Anatomy

Normal Anatomy

Lips and cheeks: These structures form the outer boundaries of the oral cavity.

The oral cavity consists of the following structures:

Palate: This is the roof of the oral cavity and is made up of the hard palate and soft palate. (Fig. 1)

(Fig. 2)

(Fig. 3)

(Fig. 4)

(Continued in next page)

(Refer fig. 1 to 10)



Tongue: The tongue helps in manipulating food and is also used in speech. The tongue surface is covered with papillae which contains taste buds.

Salivary glands: These glands produce saliva which contains enzymes that digest carbohydrates. Saliva moistens the food and lubricates the mouth.

(Fig. 5)

(Fig. 6)

(Fig. 7)

(Fig. 8)





(Fig. 9)

(Fig. 10)



Teeth: There are 20 teeth in children. The tooth structure is made up of the following:

(Fig. 11)

(Fig. 12)

Crown: The visible part of the tooth projecting above the gums is the crown.





Root: This is the part of the tooth that is embedded inside the jawbone.

(Fig. 13)

(Fig. 14)

(Fig. 15)

(Fig. 16)

Enamel: This is the hardest, outermost part of teeth. It is white in color and is made of calcium hydroxyapatite.


Dentin: It lies below both the enamel and cementum layer of tooth and is softer than enamel.

Cementum: This contains very small fibers called periodontal ligament fibers which help in anchoring the teeth to the bone.




(Fig. 17)

Gingiva: This is the part of the oral cavity that covers the root portion of all the teeth. It is often referred to as the gums.


Unit 2: Overview of Oral Habits


What are Oral Habits?A ‘Habit ’ is defined as a voluntary or involuntary act performed by a person, repeatedly and compulsively. Oral habits are considered normal in infants and in early childhood stages.

The very same oral habits continuing beyond the age of 3-4 years become a symptom and can cause harmful effects on the child’s appearance. Examples of oral habits include thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, lip biting, mouth breathing and bruxism or teeth grinding.

Types of Oral Habits

Oral habits are classified into obsessive and non-obsessive habits.

Obsessive: Intentional: Masochistic (self inflicting):

Thumb sucking Lip biting Gingival stripping

Non –obsessive:

Unintentional Functional

Abnormal pillowing Chin propping Tongue thrusting Bruxism Mouth breathing

(Fig. 18)



CausesThe causes responsible for oral habits can include any of the following circumstances:

Stress

Lack of satisfaction through nourishment

School/peer group pressure

Family conflicts Jealousy

Breathing obstruction

A single child is more susceptible to

oral habits due to overprotection and

loneliness

Poor physical health

(Fig. 19)

Signs and SymptomsThumb sucking: this is the placement of the thumb into varying depths into the mouth. Symptoms are:

Child’s emotional instability

Irregularly placed permanent teeth due to uneven forces exerted by the thumb

Flaring out of upper front teeth

The upper and lower front teeth may not contact each other; this is referred to as an open bite.

Callus formation on the thumb



Lip biting: This is pulling the lips into the mouth between the teeth. Symptoms:

Red, inflamed, chapped area below the border of the lower lip

Proclination (inclining forward) of the upper front teeth

Collapsed lower incisor teeth

Masochistic habits: gingival stripping :

This refers to picking at the gingiva (gums) with finger s and finger nails. Diverting the child’s attention each time the habit is observed can solve the problem.

Tongue thrusting: This habit involves resting the tongue against the teeth and pushing it against the front teeth during swallowing.

Symptoms are:

Open bite in the front teeth

A forward tongue position at rest

Proclination of upper front teeth

Short upper lip

Pronunciation difficulties

Malformation of the jaws

Bruxism: This refers to the non-functional grinding of teeth that result in abrasion.

Symptoms are:

Worn-out chewing surfaces of teeth

Pain in the jaw joint

Periodontal disease

Masticatory muscle soreness

Mouth Breathing: This is habitual breathing through the mouth instead of the nose. It is commonly seen in children who have nasal airway impairment.




Long narrow face and narrow nasal passages

Symptoms : A child with a mouth breathing habit will have:

Flattened nose

Short upper lip

Labial flaring of upper front teeth

Open bite in the front teeth

Unit 3: Treatment Options


Diagnosis and Treatment Your dentist will take a detailed history about the habit. The questions about the frequency and duration of the oral habit will help in evaluating the extent of the habit.

Thumb sucking: Treatment options can include:

Discussion with the child: The ill-effects of the habits are discussed with the child to help him discontinue the habit. The child is sat in front of a mirror and asked to suck his thumb. This will make him realize how awkward it looks and may stop the thumb sucking habit.

Use of Habit reminders: These remind the child of the habit whenever he tries to put his thumb into the mouth .e.g. palatal bar. These can be used in children who want to discard the habit and are aware of the ill-effects. Bitter substance can also be applied on the thumb the child keeps sucking.

Lip biting: In the case of lip biting, a Lip bumper appliance is given. It makes it difficult to draw the lower lip between the teeth.

Tongue thrusting

The child is taught correct positioning of the tongue. He is instructed to put the tongue tip at correct position and swallow with lips pursed and teeth in contact.

A flat sugarless fruit drop can be placed on the tip of tongue and held against the palate in the correct position until it dissolves. This is done once or twice daily.

Appliance therapy is given for children above 9 years. A Mandibular lingual arch with a crib or an acrylic palatal retainer may be fabricated. This serves as a reminder to position the tongue properly during swallowing.

Bruxism: Treatment options include:

Psychotherapy: to lower stress and tension.

Physiotherapy: Relaxing exercises and massage may relieve pain.

Occlusal therapy: Elimination of occlusal interference; bite plates and splints are used to avoid occlusal wear.

Unit 3: Treatment Options


Mouth breathing is diagnosed by asking the child to hold water in his mouth for 4 minutes without swallowing. If the child is a mouth breather he/she will not be able to hold water in the mouth for that long.

Treatment:

Identification and correction of nasal obstruction.

An ‘oral screen’ appliance may be given.

Unit 3: Disclaimer

Disclaimer

Although every effort is made to educate you on Oral Habits and take control, there will be specific information that will not be discussed. Talk to your dentist or periodontist about any concerns you have about Oral Habits.


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