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Bad oral habits and associated

malocclusion among 8-9 years old

Written by: Mostafa IbraheemSupervised by: Dr. Noor Ahmed

(B.D.S, M.Sc)

Introduction

Bad oral habits Habit is defined as an automatic response to a

specific situation acquired normally as the result of repetition and learning(Aznar et al, 2006).

Common oral habits• Nail Biting• Tongue Thrust• Thumb sucking• Mouth Breathing• Lip habits• Bruxism • Other habits

Nail biting nail biting is defined as the habit of biting one's nails

and is a common oral habit in children (hayder,2014).Complications caused by nail biting1. Malocclusion of the anterior teeth(crowding &rotation).2. Teeth root Resorption.3. bacterial infection and alveolar destruction.4. about one forth of patients with temporomandibular joint pain and

dysfunction has been shown to suffer from nail biting habit(Baydas et al, 2007; Tanaka et al, 2008).

Nail Biting

Tongue Thrust tongue thrust as a condition in which the tongue makes contact with teeth anterior to the molars during swallowing. The forward movement of the tongue tip between the teeth to meet the lower lip in deglutition and in sounds of speech (Hayder ,2014).

• General clinical features of tongue thrusting habit • Proclination of incisors teeth • Anterior open bite• Short and flaccid upper lip• Posterior cross bite

Digit sucking refers to placing the thumb or fingers into the

mouth many times every day and night (hayder,2014).The side effects of finger sucking are• 1. Anterior open bite • 2. Increased over jet . • 3. Lingual inclination lower incisor and labial inclination upper incisor. • 4. Posterior cross bite .• 5. Compensatory tongue thrust . • 6. Deep palate. • 7. Speech defect . • 8 Finger defects.

Mouth Breathing Mouth breathing can be defined as habitual breathing

through mouth instead of the nose (Flutter, 2006).Clinical features seen in mouth breathing habit • Long narrow face,narrow nose.• Flaccid and short lip• Narrowed maxillary arch• Labial flaring of maxillary incisors• Mouth breathing gingivitis• Anterior open bite • Increased caries incidence in maxillary anterior teeth.

Types of Malocclusion Over jet

Measurement of the horizontal relation of the incisors in centric occlusion and measured the distance from the most prominent surface of labial surface of upper central incisor and labial surface of lower central incisor Increased over jet was considered as >4mm and decreased over jet was considered as <1 mm (hayder,2014).

Overbite Measurement of the vertical relation of the incisors in centric Occlusion. The amount of vertical overlap of the upper incisor on the lower incisor is marked with the pencil on the labial surface of the lower incisor using the incisal edge of the upper incisor to guide the pencil (Hayder ,2014).

Posterior cross bitea buccal cusp of a mandibular tooth lied buccal to the maximum height of a buccal cusp of an opposing maxillary tooth.

Spacing and Crowding

Anterior open biteAnterior open bite can be defined as a

malocclusion without contact in the anterior region of the dental arches

Aim of StudyThe aim of present study is:

• To find the occurrence of bad oral habits among group of children.

• To find malocclusion associated with bad oral habit

Materials and Methods/ The Sample

60 subjects(males) of 3rd yr dental students of (21-22)

yrs of age

30 smokers 30 Non-Smokers

DMFT examined according to WHO 1987

Samples were examined from Nile primary school. They were all clinically and none of them had received any type of orthodontic

treatment. The work of this study accomplished in mid holiday (February,

2016).

Materials and methods/ Equipment & supplies used in

clinical examination 1-Disposable probe. 2-Disposable mouth mirrors. 3-Cotton. 4-Ruler. 5-Disinfectant solution. 6- pencil. 7- light.

Questionnaire?

Each student of the sample was given a paper containing a simple questionnaire to answer with his

or her parents. Does your son or daughter have any of these habits now or in the past? And if in the past, at

what age the habit stopped?

:

Methods of oral examination

subjects were seated on ordinary chairs. The subject’s head supported

in an upright position and the examiner standing in front of the

chair.

Methods of oral examination

subjects were seated on ordinary chairs. The subject’s head supported in an upright position and the examiner

standing in front of the chair.

Results & Discussion

figure shows distribution according to age and gender

In present study the result show occurrence of bad oral habit higher in male than female and this result was disagree with (Onyeaso,2004). but agree with (farsi and salama,1997) .present study show higher occurrence at age 9 years old than 8years old .

distribution according to age and gender 8 90

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female

figure shows distribution bad oral habit according to gender

bad oral habit according to gen-

der

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male

female

figure shows distribution bad oral habit according to age

bad oral habits according to age NB

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figure shows distribution bad oral habit according to Malocclusion

Distribution of bad oral habit and associ-

ated with malocclusion

NB TT TS MB O0

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anterior open bite

Deep bite

spacing

Anterior crowding

P. cross bite

present study show Nail biters have crowding (Hideharu,2003).present study show anterior open bite associated tongue thrust (saba and Dhilal,2007) Posterior cross bite more seen in childreen with thumb sucking and tongue thrust this agree with (mehrnia et al,1997warreny et al ,2001 )Present study show thump sucking associated with posterior cross bite , spacing and crowding agree with (Nanda et al,1972; Gellin , 1973; Subtelny,1980; Melsen et al ,1987; Smith ,1996 ; Al-Huwaizi and Odah,1997).Present study show posterior cross bite is higher in mouth breathing children than other children with other habit and anterior open bite this finding agree with (souki et al, 2009).

Conclusion•With limitation to present study all types of bad oral habit associated with different types of malocclusion if extend to school age of children with higher score associated with anterior crowding for nearly all types of oral habit.

Leave bad habits,

Stay Healthy

and Look After Your

Teeth