INTRODUCTION TO HABITS AND MOUTH BREATHING HABIT

Presented by:Jigyasha timsina Batch 2011

CONTENTS:

• Introduction• Classification• Etiology• Mouth Breathing

habit• Clinical features• Diagnosis • Management

HABITS

 • Habit as quoted by ‘Hogeboon’ and attributed by

Salder is the methodical way in which mind and body act as a result of the frequent repetition of a certain definite sets of nervous impulses.

Dorland

• Fixed or constant practice established by frequent repetition

Buttersworth

• Frequent or constant practice or acquired tendency, which has been fixed by frequent repetition

MOYER

• Habits are learnt pattern of muscle contraction of a very complex nature

Classification James (1923) a)useful habits b)harmful habits

Kingsley(1958) a)Functional habits b)Muscular habits c)Combined

Morris and Bohanna(1969) a)Pressure habits b)Bitting habits

• Klein (1971) a)Empty habits b)Meaningful habits

• Finn (1987) 1) a)Compulsive habits b)Non Compulsive habits 2) a)Primary habits b)Secondary habits

Habits

Frequency

Intensity

Duration

ETIOLOGY OF HABIT DEVELOPMENT

1) Anatomical: For ex: Posture of tongue. Infantile swallow occurs

due to a large tongue in a small oral cavity coupled with anterior open bite

2)Mechanical interferences 3) Pathological 4) Emotional 5) Imitation 6) Random behavior

Commonly occuring habits

• Thumb-sucking• Tongue thrusting• Mouth breathing • Bruxism • Nail biting • Finger biting • Masochistic

Mouth Breathing

CHACKER FM (1961) Defined mouth breathing as a prolonged or continued

exposure of the tissues of anterior areas of mouth to the drying effects of inspired air.

Merle (1980) - Suggested the term oro - nasal breathing instead of mouth breathing

CLASSIFICATION

A) Obstructive B) Habitual. C) Anatomic.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY a) Lowering of the mandible.

b) Positioning of the tongue downwards and forwards.

Lowering of the tongue and mandible upsets the orofacial equilibrium. There is an unrestricted buccinator activity that influences the position of the teeth and also the growth of jaws.

Clinical feature• Adenoid faces

Normal Mouth Breathers

Diagnosis • History • Examination • Clinical tests – Mirror test Massler’s butterfly test Water hold test

• CHEPHALOMETRY

• RHINOMANOMETRY

MANAGEMENT

Elimination of the cause

Interception of habits A)Exercises Lip exercise Holding of metal disc between lips

B) Maxillo-thorax myotherapy

• advocated by Macaray in 1960• used in conjuction to Macaray activator• 10 sets of exercise while wearing the

activator thrice daily done

• Oral screen

• Correction of Malocclusion class I malocclusion – oral shield appliance class II division I malocclusion - monobloc activator

class III malocclusion

– chin cup

Conclusion• Oral habits have a definite bearing on the

development of occlusion.

• One may acquire certain habits that may either temporarily or permanently be harmful to dental occlusion and to the tooth supporting structures.

• So, such habits should be identified and treated as soon as possible.

• Harmful oral habits include : 1.Finger or thumb sucking 2.Mouth breathing 3.Bruxism 4.Cheek / Lip biting 5. All

• Etiology of mouth breathing is: 1) Rhinitis and Sinusitis 2)over eruption of lower incisors touching

the palatal mucosa 3)deviated nasal septum 4)all of the above

• Due to habit of mouth breathing: 1) lower lips become hyperactive 2) upper lips become hypoactive 3) both lips become hypoactive 4) upper lips become hyperactive

REFERENCES

• Orthodontics the art and science -S.I. Bhalajhi

• Text book of pedodontics shova tandon

• Web