Network for the Detectionof Atmospheric Composition Change:

Tracking Changes in theEarth’s Atmosphere

Michael J. Kurylo, Geir O. Braathen, and Niels LarsenOn behalf of the NDACC Science Team

and the NDACC Steering Committee

Jonathon Berry

What is the NDACC?

• A set of more than 70 high-quality, remote-sensing research sites for

- observing and understanding the physical / chemical state of the stratosphere and upper troposphere

- assessing the impact of stratospheric changes on the underlying troposphere and on global climate

Participation by more than 20 countries and still expanding

NDACC Sites

1. To study the temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric composition and structure

Goals of the NDACC

Regression analysis of O3/temperature measurements at Mauna Loa (1994-2006) using fit base functions: -QBO functions (mean zonal wind m/s) -Mean ENSO Index (empirical p/Ts-based) -F10.7 Solar index

QBO is dominant, but solar cycle and ENSO signatures also have been identifiedon both lidar ozone and temperature data T. le Blanc, JPL

2. To provide early detection and subsequent long-term monitoring of changes in the chemical and physical state of the stratosphere and upper troposphere; to provide the means to discern and understand the causes of such changes

Goals of the NDACC

1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

ozon

e an

omal

y [%

]

F 10.7 cm

-u(10 hPa)

H ohenpeissenberg (48°N , 11°E)(Q BO , so lar-cycle rem oved)

SAG ELidarHALO EmW ave

1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

ozon

e an

omal

y [%

]

F 10.7 cm

-u(10 hPa)

Table M ounta in (35°N , -118°E)(Q BO , so lar-cycle rem oved)

SAG ELidarHALO EmW ave

1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

ozon

e an

omal

y [%

]

F 10.7 cm

-u(10 hPa)

H aw aii (20°N , 156°E)(Q BO , so lar-cycle rem oved)

SAG ELidarHALO EmW ave

1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20oz

one

anom

aly

[%]

F 10.7 cm

-u(10 hPa)

Lauder (44°S , 170°E)(Q BO , so lar-cycle rem oved)

SAG ELidarHALO EmW ave

Upper Stratosphere Ozone Trends(NDACC Lidar Working Group)

• Multiple instruments / stations• Similar upper stratospheric ozone anomalies• Recently higher O3 values may indicate recovery• Should become clearer by 2008 (after solar min.)

FTIR Column Measurements at JungfraujochHCl, ClONO2, and derived Cly (R. Zander & E. Mahieu) compared to model

predictions (M. Chipperfield) and to surface CCly measurements (R. Prinn)

Evolution of Stratospheric BrO

F. Hendrick, M. De Mazière, M. Van Roozendael (BISA) P. V. Johnston, K. Kreher (NIWA)

PinatuboEl Chichon

R egression m odel includes:linear trendannua l varia tionP inatubo and E l C h ich in effectsso lar activ ity effectQ BO effectE N SO effect

Trend: –(73)%/decade

Trend: +(61)%/decade

Str

atos

pher

ic c

olum

n N

O2 (

101

5 m

ol/c

m2)

Year

Zvenigorod (56°N, 37°E)

Lauder (45°S, 170°E)MeasurementsRegression modelResidual series

Linear trends in stratospheric column NO2

Michel van Roozendael, BISA

Water vapour measurements from WVMS at Mauna Loa, and coincident measurements from MLS and HALOE.

G. Nedoluha (NRL) & N. Kampfer (U. Bern)

Stratospheric water vapor

Stratospheric Aerosol Layer

1.E-05

1.E-04

1.E-03

1.E-02

1.E-01

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Inte

gra

ted

Ae

ros

ol B

ac

ks

ca

tte

r

MLO 694 nm

MLO 532 nmNOAA/MLO

W. Randel, NCAR

Temperature time series from lidar and SSU satellite measurements (40-45 km).

Satellite trends 1988-2005 are small.

Large statistical uncertainties for lidars trends

260

270

280

290

300

310

320

Ozo

ne

(DU

)

78/7

979

/80

80/8

181

/82

82/8

383

/84

84/8

585

/86

86/8

787

/88

88/8

989

/90

90/9

191

/92

92/9

393

/94

94/9

595

/96

96/9

797

/98

98/9

999

/00

00/0

101

/02

Sum m er Year (D ecem ber - February)

9.5

10.0

10.5

11.0

11.5

12.0

UV

Ind

ex (

at n

oo

n)

Mean Summer Ozone and Estimated UV IndexLauder, New Zealand

File: uvnz/sum m eruv/sci_2002/W P_AG U.grfR M cKenzie06/11/02

B

A

Taihoro Nukurangi

Long term decrease in ozone has been responsible for 12-15% increase in the maximum summertime UV Index over Lauder, NZ.

Approximately half of the ozone depletion at mid-southern latitudes has been due to the export of ozone-poor air from Antarctica.

Update of McKenzie, Connor, and Bodeker, Science, 1999, 285, 1709-1711

3. To establish links between changes in stratospheric O3, UV radiation at the ground, tropospheric chemistry, and climate

Goals of the NDACC

UV Index at Río Gallegos

Period: August 1, 2005 – October 31 2006

Data Level 1.5

S. Godin-Beekmann

600

500

400

300

200

Ozo

ne c

olum

n (D

U)

SAOZ

GOME TOMS-EPTOMS-NIMBUS

TOMS-METEOR

O3

95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 039493929190

SCIAMACHY

04

SAOZ UV-Visible Measurements: Sodankylä, Finland

Long-term validation is crucial!F. Goutail (CNRS) and E. Kyrö (FMI)

4. To provide independent validations, calibrations, and complementary data for space-based sensors of the atmosphere

Goals of the NDACC

NO2 satellite - Ground based intercomparisons from Tenerife (Northern subtropics)

Manuel Gil, INTA

5. To support process-specific field campaigns occurring at various latitudes and seasons

Goals of the NDACC

Arctic Ozone LossSAOZ UV-Visible Network

F. Goutail, J. P. Pommereau + SAOZ team

W. Randel, NCAR

Thule mean and std. dev.

Model

ACE

CH4 March Thule

HCl March Lauder

O3 July LauderMozart 3 chemistry climate model in comparison with FTIR and ACE measurements

6. To provide verified data for testing and improving multidimensional chemistry and transport models of the stratosphere and troposphere

Goals of the NDACC

Quality Control

A Commitment to Data Quality

• Investigators subscribe to a protocol designed to ensure that archived data are of as high a quality as possible within the constraints of measurement technology and retrieval theory.

• Validation – Instruments and data analysis methods are

evaluated and continuously monitored.– Formal intercomparisons are used to

evaluate algorithms and instruments.

Improvement of the data quality of the Dobson network during the past nearly 40 years.

Dobson / Brewer Working Group

U. Koehler (OMH)

Data Archiving and Availability

• Data submitted within one year

• Data public available within two years of measurement

• Many NDACC data available on shorter timescale via collaborative arrangement with the appropriate PI(s).

NDACC Data Host FacilityHosted by NOAA

More than 35,000 files in data base

J. Wild & R. Lin (NOAA)

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

# of

Fil

e T

ran

sfer

Time Period

NDACC Transfer Count Monthly Average

Future Developments• Water vapor in the UTLS

- Raman Lidars- Balloon soundings

• Closer collaboration with other networks such as SHADOZ

• Establishment of more stations in the tropics

• Provision of data in near-real-time

• http://www.ndacc.org

• New informational leaflet

• Annual newsletters now available

MATCH campaignsOzone loss versus PSC formation potential (VPSC)

VPSC: winter average volume of air cold enough for the formation of PSCs (e.g. -78oC in 18 km Altitude)

2004

2002

2000

1998

1996

1994

1992

Year

2006

2008

VPSC [ 106 km3 ]

ozon

e lo

ss [

DU

](c

a. 1

3-25

km

, Ja

nuar

y to

Mar

ch)

2007

2008 (preliminary)

update of Rex et al., GRL 2006;WMO 2007

comparison of lidar andSSU trends for 1988-2005

Notes:Satellite trends are small for this period.Trends are changing

Large statistical uncertaintiesfor the lidars (only shown forOHP curve, but similar forother stations).

Table Mountain is an outlier(strong cooling, as seen inthe time series)Hohenpeisenberg also

TMF OHP. Hohenp.

Temperature trends from lidar measurements

Keckhut et al.