Joints

• Also called articulations

• Functions:1. ____________________________________

2. ____________________________________

• Bones articulate with joints

• ___________ holds bones to other bones

• *Joints are classified by the amount of movements they allow

Joint Classification

• ___________________ (immovable joint)– Bone ends forming joint are connected by

fibrous connective tissue– Example: ____________________________

• _______________ (slightly movable joint)– Bones are connected by symphysis joint;

which is a disc of fibrous cartilage between bones

– Example: ____________________________

Joint Classification

• _____________________ ( freely movable joint)• Largest category of joints• Bony regions separated by articular cartilage

– *Ball and Socket joint• Movement in all planes and rotation is possible• Example: ________________________________________

– *Hinge Joint• Movement in one plane• Up and down movement• Example: ________________________________________

More Freely Movable Joints

• __________________________– Rotation in a single plane– Examples: atlas and axis, radius and ulna

• __________________________– Side to side movement– Example: between carpals and tarsals

• ___________________________– Movement in two planes– Example: carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

Synovial Joints

• All freely movable joints are synovial joints• Articular cartilage on joint surface

– Provides a smooth surface to reduce friction

• Joint capsule– ____________________________________

____________________________________

• Synovial Membrane– ____________________________________

____________________________________

Synovial Joints

• Synovial fluid– ____________________________________

• Bursae1. Small sac of synovial fluid between joints and

tendons2. Permit tendons to slide easily as the bones

are moved– With excessive use, bursae may become

inflamed and painful = __________________