1

lkfo=hCkkbZ Qqys iq.ks fo|kihB] iq.ks

fo|kihB vuqnku vk;ksxkP;k ekxZn’kZd rRRokuqlkj

nqjf’k{k.k dsanz varxZr

cfgLFk fo|kF;kZalkBh ‘kS{kf.kd lkfgR;

izFke o‛kZ dyk

bfrgkl

^N=irh f’kokth o f’kodky*

Yks[kd

M�- lksiku ‘ksaMs M�- Lokrh dkGHkksj

l- Ik- egkfo|ky;] iq.ks Jherh lh-ds- xks;y egkfo|ky;]nkiksMh iq.ks

M�- inekdj xksjs izk- x.ks’k Hkkes

dyk okf.kT; egkfo|ky;] rGsxko <e<js M�- vjfoan c- rsyax egkfo|ky;] fuxMh] iq.ks

2

Yks[kdkaps euksxr

Lku 2014 iklwu fo|kihB vuqnku vk;ksxkP;k ekxZn’kZd rRRokuqlkj lkfo=hCkkbZ Qqys iq.ks

fo|kihBkekQZr cfgLFk fo|kF;kZalkBh nqjf’k{k.k dsanzkekQZr Ckh- d�e-@ch- ,- ;k ‘kk[kslkBh ‘kS{kf.kd

lkfgR; miyC/k d#u fnys tkr vkgs- lkfo=hCkkbZ Qqys iq.ks fo|kihBkvarxZr izFke o‛kZ ch- ,-

vH;klØekr ^^N=irh f’kokth o f’kodky** lekfo‛V dsysyk vkgs- tqu 2015 iklwu lkfo=hCkkbZ

Qqys iq.ks fo|kihB varxZr izFke o‛kZ ch- ,- vH;klØekoj vk/kkfjr gs ‘kS{kf.kd lkfgR; iqLrd #ikus

fo|kF;kZaP;k gkrh miyC/k d#u nsrkuk vkEgkyk euLoh vkuan gksr vkgs- gs ikB;iqLrd uksdjh o

O;olk; d#u f’k{k.k ?ks.kkÚ;k fo|kF;kZalkBh mi;qDr gksbZy vlk fo’okl okVrks-

^^N=irh f’kokth o f’kodky** ;k fo‛k;kps vkdyu gks.;klkBh fo‛k;kph ekaM.kh ljG

lksI;k o izHkkoh Hkk‛ksr dj.;kpk tk.khoiqoZd iz;Ru dsysyk vkgs- izR;sd izdj.kkP;k ‘ksoVh fo|kihB

ifj{ksl mi;qDr Bjrhy vls egRokps iz'Uk fnysys vkgsr- R;kpk fo|kF;kZauk fuf’pr mi;ksx gksbZy-

izLrqr ‘kS{kf.kd lkfgR; fyfgrkuk baxzth o ejkBh Hkk‛ksrhy vusd xzaFkkpk mi;ksx dsysyk vkgs- R;k

lanHkZ xzaFkkaP;k ys[kdkaps vkEgh _.kh vkgksr- gs ‘kS{kf.kdlkfgR; miyC/k d#u ns.;kph tckcnkjh lkfo=hCkkbZ Qqys iq.ks fo|kihBkps ek-

dqyxq#] ek- lapkyd] egkfo|ky; o fo|kihB fodkl eaMG] ek- CkfgLFk foHkkx izeq[k ;kauh

vkeP;koj lksifoyh] ;kCkÌy vkEgh R;kaps vkHkkjh vkgksr-

^^N=irh f’kokth o f’kodky** ;k fo‛k;kps v/;kiu dj.kkjs O;k[;krs vkf.k ;k fo‛k;kps v/;;u

dj.kkjs fo|kFkhZfe= ;k iqLrdkps fuf’prp Lokxr djrhy v’kh vis{kk vkgs-

Ikq.ks

fnukad %

ys[kd

M�- lksiku ‘ksaMs

M�- Lokrh dkGHkksj

M�- inekdj xksjs

izk- x.ks’k Hkkes

3

N=irhf’kokth egkjkt o f’kodky

izFke o‛kZ dyk

bfrgkl

vuqØef.kdk

izFke l=

1- lk/kus

v½ okM~%e;hu lk/kus

1- laLd`r

2- ejkBh

3- fganh

4- if’kZ;u ¼ Qkjlh ½

c½ ijdh; lk/kus

1- iksrqZxht

2- Mp

3- Ýsap

4- baxzth

d½ izok’kkaps o`Ÿkkar

2- N=irh f’kokth o f’kodkGkrhy ladYiukapk vH;kl

1- HkDrh

2- oru

3- ljatke

4- eulc

5- tgkxhj

6- ftf>;k

7- xfuehdkok ;q/nra=

8- egkjk”Vª /keZ

9- f’kysnkj

10- LojkT;

11- pkSFk

4

12- buke

13- ckjxhj

14- ljns’keq[kh

3- ejkBh lRrspk mn; vkf.k n`<hdj.k

1- LojkT;kph LFkkiuk

2- f’kokth egkjkt vkfny’kkgh laca/k

3- f’kokth egkjkt eq?ky laca/k

4- f’kokth egkjktkapk jkT;kfHk”ksd

5- dukZVd eksfge

4- N=irh f’kokth egkjktkaphÁ’kklu O;oLFkk

1- dsafnz;

2- izkafr;

3- y”djh

4- U;k;fo”k;d

5- N=irh f’kokth egkjkt vkf.k ijdh; lŸkk

1- iksrqZxht

2- Mp

3- Ýsap

4- fczfV’k

nqljs l=

6- N=irh laHkkth egkjktkaph dkefxjh

1- lŸksps n`<hdj.k

2- eq?kyka’kh laca/k

3- ijdh; lŸks’kh laca/k

4- eqY;ekiu

7- ejkB;kaps Lokra«; ;q/n

1- N=irh jktkjke vkf.k R;kaph dkefxjh

2- egkjk.kh rkjkckbZ vkf.k R;kaph dkefxjh

3- larkth ?kksjiMs] /kukth tk/ko vkf.k jkepanziar vekR; ;kaps ;ksxnku

5

8- lkekftd thou

1- xkoxkMk

2- L=hthou

3- /kkfeZd

9- vkfFkZd thou

1- ‘ksrh o eglwy /kksj.k

2- mRiUukph lk/kus

3- O;kikj o m|ksx

4- Pkyu O;oLFkk

10- dyk vkf.k LFkkiR; fo’ks”k lanHkZ nsÅG] x<h vkf.k fdYys-

6

bfrgkl& ,Q-ok;-ch-,- % f’kokth o f’kodky

izdj.k 1

f’kodkGkrhy bfrgkl vH;klkph lk/kus

1-1 okM%e;hu lk/kus

1-1-1 laLÑr

1-1-2 ejkBh

1-1-3 fganh

1-1-4 if’kZ;u

1-2 ijdh; Hkk‛ksrhy lk/kus

1-2-1 iksrqZxht

1-2-2 Mp

1-2-3Ýsap

1-2-4 baxzth

1-3 izok’kkap so``Rrkar

1-3-1 tkWuÝkW;j

1-3-2 fudksyks euqph

1-3-3MkW- tkWu CkkfIVLVk dWjsjs

1-3-4 vWcs dWjs

1-3-5 FksosukWV

1-3-6 ÝkfUll ekfVZu

1-3-7 dkWLes nh xknkZ

1-3-8ÝkfUllcfuZ;j

1-3-9 foY;e ukWfjl

1-3-10VWOgfuZ;j

1-3-11 brj izoklh

7

izLrkouk

lrjkos ‘krd f’kodkG Eg.kwu vksG[kys tkrs- bfrgkldkjkaP;k ers] f’kokthegkjktkaP;k

tUekiwohZ iapohl o‛ksZ o f’kokth egkjktkaP;k e`R;wuarj 25 o‛kZs vlk dky[kaM ^f’ko;qx fdaok

f’kodkG* Eg.kwu vksG[kyk tkrks- R;keqGs ‘kgkthjkts] N=irh f’kokth egkjkt] N=irh laHkkth

egkjkt] N=irh jktkjke egkjkt] egkjk.kh rkjkckbZ ;kaP;kgh dkjfdnhZPkk vk<kok ;k fBdk.kh ?ks.;kr

vkysyk vkgs-

bfrgkl gs ,d ‘kkL= vkgs- bfrgklkpk ‘kkL=’kq/n vH;kl o ys[ku dj.;klkBh ,sfrgkfld

lk/kukapk okij djkok ykxrks- ekxhy dkGkr ?kMysY;k ?kVukacjkscjp fopkjkapk os/kgh bfrgklkr ?ksryk

tkrks- vkf.k R;keqGs bfrgkl oLrqfu‛Bi.ks fygkok ykxrks- dk; ?kMys\ dls ?kMys\ d’kkeqGs ?kMys\

R;kpk gks.kkjk ifj.kke] ;kpk os/k ?k s.ks vko’;d Bjrs- R;klkBh rkfdZdrk o iqjkos vlkos ykxrkr-

bfrgkl ys[kuklkBh mi;qDr iqjkO;kauk lk/kus Eg.krkr- lk/kus gk bfrgklkpk vkRek vkgs- izk- ykWftykWl

o izk- lsuckWl ;kaP;k ^No Documents No History‟ ;k vFkZiq.kZ fo/kkukrwu lk/kukps egRo y{kkr ;srs-

,sfrgkfld lk/kukpk okij dsY;kus bfrgkl ys[kukyk ‘kkL=h; Lo:Ik izkIr >kys vkgs-

eksxy] is’kosdkG o fczVh’k dkGkP;k rqyusr f’kodkGkph lk/kus deh izek.kkr miyC/k vkgsr-

f’ko’kkghrhy gtkjks dkxni=s dkGkP;k vks?kkr u‛V >kysyh vkgsr- N=irh f’kokth egkjkt o brj

jktkaPkh drZcxkjh letwu ?ks.;klkBh vko’;d rso<h lk/kus feGr ukghr- ijarw miyC/k lk/kukP;k

vk/kkjs f’ko’kkghpk bfrgkl bfrgkldkjkuh ekaM.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk vkgs-

1-1 okM%e;hu lk/kus &

ejkB;kP;k bfrgklkph ekfgrh T;k okM%e;hu lk/kukeqGs feGrs- R;ke/;s ns’kh Hkk‛ksizek.ks brj

Hkk‛ksrhy fyf[kr lkfgR;kpk lekos’k gksrks- fofo/k Hkk‛kse/;s fyfgysys xzaFk] c[kjh] ‘kdkoY;k] dkxni=s

;ke/kwu ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklkckcr ‘kkL=’kq/n ekfgrh izkIr gksrs- R;keqGs ;k okM%e;hu lk/kukaph ekfgrh

tk.kwu ?ks.ks ;ksX; Bjsy-

1-1-1 laLÑr lk/kus

ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklkrhy f’kodkGkP;k vH;klklkBh mi;qDr xzaFk fo’ks‛kr% dkO;xzaFk laLÑre/;s

miyC/k vkgsr- ;kiSdh dkgh xazFk gs ledkyhu vlY;kus R;kps egRo tkLr vkgsr- dkgh xzaFk gs

dkO;e;] o.kZUkkRed] vfrjaftr vkgs- rjh ?kVukaph uksan ?ks.;klkBh R;k xzaFkkps egRo [kwi vf/kd vkgs-

laLÑr lk/kukaph ekfgrh iq<hy izek.ks-

1½ jk/kkek/kofoykl paiw

b-l- 1653 & 54 P;k lqekjkl t;jke fiaM;s ;kauh ‘kgkth jkts caxyksj eqDdeh vlrkuk

rsFksp gk dkO;xzaFk fygkyk- ‘kgkth jktkaps pfj= o ijkØe gk ;k xazFkkpk eq[; fo‛k; vkgs-

^jk/kkek/kofoykl paiw* ;k xzaFkkr dkO;kps 10 mYykl vlwu 1 ifjf’k‛V vkgs- 1 rs 5 mYyklkr

jk/kkÑ‛.k foyklkps o.kZu vlwu 6 rs 10 mYgklkr ‘kgkth jktkaps pfj= gk eq[; fo‛k; vkgs- ‘kgkth

jktkaph drZcxkjh] nf{k.ksrhy ‘kkg;kae/khy gkypkyh o jktdkj.k ;kfo‛k;h ekfgrh ;k xazFkkrwu miyC/k

gksrs- ;k xzaFkkph iksFkh euksgj y{e.k iqjkf.kd ;kaP;kdMs bfrgkldkj jktokMs ;kauk feGkyh- 1922 e/;s

8

jktokMs ;kauh foLr`r o fo}rkiw.kZ izLrkouslg gk xzaFk izdkf’kr dsyk-fofo/k y<k;kaph ekfgrh ;k

xzaFkkrwu feGrs-

2½ f’koHkkjr

f’koHkkjr gk xazFk doh ijekuan ;kauh fyfgysyk vlwu 1661 Ik;Zarph ekfgrh ;kr feGrs- ;k

xzaFkke/;s ,dw.k 32 v/;k; vlwu 32 ok v/;k; 9 ‘yksdkapk vkgs- 1927 e/;s l- e- fnosdj ;kauh

gk xzaFk laikfnr dsyk- l- e- fnosdj ;k xzaFkkfo‛k;h Eg.krkr]^f’kokth egkjktkaps foLr `r o fo’oluh;

vls ts pfj= Hkfo‛;dkGh fygys tkbZy] R;kpk xkHkk izLrqrpk f’koHkkjr gk xazFk gks.kkj vkgs-* ;k

xzaFkkpk doh ijekuan f’kokth egkjktkauk ^vorkjh iq:‛k* ekurks- ‘kgkthjkts ;kaP;kiklwu f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k nf{k.k dksd.k fot;ki;Zar gk dkO;xzaFk fygyk vkgs- ;k dkO;xzaFkkr f’kokth egkjktkauh

‘k`axkjiwjkps jkT; ftadwu ?ksrys] rksi;Zar bfrgkl vkysyk vkgs- ijekuankP;k dkO;kr dkgh fBdk.kh

vfr’k;;ksDrh vk<Gwu ;srs- rjhgh 17 O;k ‘krdkP;k lkekftd ifjfLFkrhph ekfgrh ;k dkO;krwu

feGrs-

3½ i.kkZyioZrxzg.kk[;ku

b- l- 1674 e/;s t;jke iaMhr fdaok fiaM;s ;kauh gk xzaFk fygyk vlkok] vls er l- e-

fnosdj ;kauh uksanfoys vkgs- iukZy Eg.kts iUgkGk- N=irh f’kokth egkjktkauh iUgkGk fdYyk 1673

e/;s vk..kkth nRrks o dkasMkth QtZn ;kaP;k ekQZr nqlÚ;kank dkcht dsyk- iUgkGk fdYyk

?ksrY;kiklwu izrkijko xqtj ;kauh mezkuhtoG cgyksy [kkuk’kh dsysY;k y<kbZ Ik;aZrph ekfgrh ;k

dkO;kr lkafxryh vkgs- iUgkGk fot; gk ;k dkO;kpk fo‛k; vkgs- ;k xzaFkkr ejkB;kaP;k y‛djh

Mkoispkackcr mi;qDr ekfgrh feGrs- ;k xzaFkkr 5 v/;k; o354 ‘yksd vkgsr- ;k xzaFkkr lSfudkaph

ukos] LFkGkaps o.kZu gqcsgqc dsY;kps tk.kors- ratkojP;k ljLorh egky xazFkky;kr ;kph izr vlwu

1913 e/;s fnosdjkauh ejkBh Hkk‛kkarjklg gk xzaFk izdkf’kr dsyk vkgs-

4½ f’kojkT;kfHk‛ksd dYir:

vfu:/n ljLorh;kauh 8 ‘kk[kkae/;s 234 ‘yksdkapk gk fuosnukRed dkO;xzaFk fygyk] ;k

xazFkkpk eq[; fo‛k; ^f’kokth egkjktkapk jkT;kfHk‛ksd* gk vkgs- xkxkHkÍkus dsysyk osnksDr jkT;kfHk‛ksd

dlk pqdhpk o fu’pyiqjhpk rka=hd jkT;kfHk‛ksd dlk ;ksX; vkgs gs lkax.kkjk gk xzaFk vkgs- ;k xzaFkkr

fu’pyiqjh o xksfoan ukjk;.k cosZ ;kapk lokan ns.;kr vkyk vkgs- ;k xazFkkr lsukirh izrkijko xqtjkapk

e`R;w] jk.kh dk’khckbZpk e`R;w] nqlÚ;k jkT;kfHk‛ksdkpk rkaf=d fo/kh o lIrdksVh’ojkpk ft.kksZnkj ;kph

ekfgrh vkyh vkgs- caxky ,f’k;kfVd lkslk;VhP;k dydRrk ;sFkhy laxzgkr gh iksFkh vlwu n- fo-

vkiVs o dk- uk- fnf{kr ;kauh gh iksFkh laikfnr dsyh vkgs-

5½ jkT;O;ogkj dks’k

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k vkKso:u gk xzaFk /k aqMhjkt y{e.k O;kl ;k iafMrkus fygyk- Qkjlh Hkk‛ksps

ejkBh Hkk‛ksoj >kysYks vkØe.k nwj dj.;klkBh 1678 e/;s jkTkO;ogkj dks’kkps fy[kk.k >kys vkgs- ;k

xzaFkkr Qkjlh o vjch ‘kCnkapk iz’kkldh; O;ogkjkr eksB;k izek.kkoj tks okij gksr gksrk- R;kyk

Ik;kZ;h laLÑr ‘kCn :< dj.;klkBh dks’kkph fufeZrh >kyh- gk xzaFk 10 Hkkxkr foHkkxyk vlwu 454

‘yksd ;kr vkgsr- gk dks’k Eg.kts dsoG ‘kCn lwph o ta=h ukgh- ;k dks’kkckcr lsrw ek/kojko ixMh

9

Eg.krkr] ^jk‛VªkP;k tkx`rhrhy ,d egRokps gs ioZp Eg.kkos ykxsy- jkT;O;ogkjkrhy ‘kCnkps

ejkBhdj.k djkos gh dYiukp eqGh egkjktkaps LoIu fdrh HkO; gksrs] gs nk[kowu ns.;kl leFkZ vkgs-**

rj MkW- czEgkuan ns’kikaMs ;k dks’kkfo‛k;h Eg.krkr- ^gk dks’k ikgrk N=irhaP;k pkSQsj dr`ZRokph lk{k

iVrs* ;k xzaFkkps dk- x- {k=h] dk- uk- lkus] Jh xks- dkjs] Jh- v- n- ejkBs ;kauh laikfnr vko`R;k

izdkf’kr dsY;k vkgsr-

6½ f’kodkO;

N=irh f’kokth egkjktkaps ledkyhu lad‛kZ.k f’konkl ldGnGs ;k dohus fygysY;k gk xzaFk

1974 e/;s jk- ik- xksLokeh ;kauh laikfnr dsyk vkgs- ;k dkO; xazFkkr ,dq.k 17 lxZ o 1160 ‘yksd

vkgsr- tkoGh izdj.k] vQ>y[kku izlax o mRrj dksd.k eksfgek b- ?kVukaph ekfgrh ;k dkO;krwu

feGrs- tkoGhpk mYys[k doh ^y{ehph isVh* vlk djrkr- ;k xzaFkkr O;DrhP;k ewG ukok,soth uoh

ukos okijyh vkgsr- R;kauh LFkGk aukgh okijysY;k fo’ks‛k.kkr xfHkZrkFkZ lekoysyk vkgs-

7½ f’kokdksZn;

N=irh f’kokth egkjktkauh gk xzaFk jktkP;k vkpkjklkBh xkxkHkÍkdMwu gk xzaFk fygwu ?ksryk

vkgs- xkxkHkÍkauh frFkh fu.kZ; fo‛k;koj 268 ‘yksdkapk leUo; xzaFk 1680 e/;s fygyk vlwu rks

N=irh laHkkth egkjktkauk viZ.k dsyk vkgs- o‛kZHkjkrhy o`Rr vkf.k mRlo] l.k] dks.kR;kosGh dks.kR;k

eqgwrkZyk lktjs dkjkosr] ;kph ekfgrh ;k xzaFkkr vkgs- gk xazFk f’kokth egkjktkaP;k jkT;kfHk‛ksdkuarj

fygyk vlkok-

8½ vuqiqjk.k

vuqiqjk.k gk xazFk dfo ijekuan ;kauh N=irh laHkkth jkT;kaP;k dkGkr fygyk vlkok- ;k

xazFkkr 30 v/;k; o 2092 ‘yksd vkgsr- N=irh laHkkth egkjktkaps thou pfj= letwu ?ks.;klkBh

gk xzaFk mi;qDr vkgs- MkW- czEgkuan ns’kikaMs ;kauh] ^,dk vFkkZus gh laHkkth jktkaph dSQh;r vkgs** vls

;k xzaFkkckcr er O;Dr dsys vkgs- ‘kstoydjkaP;k ers] ^gk xzaFk ijekuankpk eqyxk nsonRr o R;kpk

eqyxk xksfoan ;kauh jpyk vkgs*-;k xzaFkkr ‘kgkth jktkaiklwu laHkkth egkjktkai;Zarpk dkO;e; bfrgkl

fnyk vkgs- fo’ks‛kr% f’kokth egkjkt o laHkkth egkjkt ;kaP;krhy laca/kkpk vH;kl dj.;klkBh gk

xzaFk mi;qDr vkgs-

9½ cq/kHkw‛k.ke~

f’kodkGke/;s 1664 rs 1677 pk njE;ku [kq) laHkkth egkjktkauhp gk dkO;xazFk fygY;kpk

lanHkZ feGrks- gk xzaFk 3 Hkkxkr foHkkxyk vlwu R;kr ,dq.k 883 ‘yksd vkgsr- ifgY;k Hkkxkr

‘kgkth jkt s o N=irh f’kokth egkjktkaph Lrqrh vk<Grs- nqlÚ;k Hkkxkr jktdkj.k gk fo‛k; gkrkGyk

vkgs- R;kr jkT;dkjHkkjkph lkr vaxs] jkT;kph drZO;s ;kfo‛k;h ‘yksd vkgsr- MkW- lnkf’ko f’kons

Eg.krkr dh] ^gk ,d mRre lqHkkf‛krkapk laxzg vlwu R;kaph fuoM vpwd o lkFkZ vkgs-* 1926 e/;s

izk- osyo.kdjkauh gk xazFk izLrkou slg laiknu d:u izdkf’kr dsyk-

10½ jktkjkepfjre~

10

N=irh jktkjke egkjktkaP;k injh vlysY;k ds’ko iaMhr ;kus 1690 e/;s ;k xzaFkkph jpuk

dsyh- ;k dkO;xzaFkkr ikp lxZ o 276 ‘yksd vkgsr- ;k xzaFkkr >qYQhdkj[kkukP;k ftath os<;kph]

larkth ?kksjiMs] /kukth tk/ko] jkepanziar vekR;] ij’kqjkeiar izfrfu/kh bR;kfnaP;k ijkØekph ekfgrh

feGrs- jk;xM rs ftath izoklkr ds’ko iaMhr jktkjke egkjktkacjkscj gksrk- 1931 e/;s uk- lh- csanzs

;kauh Hkk‛kkarjklg gk xazFk izfl/n dsyk vkgs-

11½ brj laLÑr lk/kus

17 O;k ‘krdkr dukZVdkrhy fon~oku O;adV /kkojh ;kauh fo’oxq.kn’kZUk gk xzaFk fygyk vkgs-

,dk izdj.kkr egkjk‛Vªkph ekfgrh fygyh vkgs- ;kr ;sFkhy oxZ] laHkk‛k.k i/nrh] o ejkBh yksdkaps xq.k

nks‛kkaps o.kZUk dsys vkgs- ‘kkgsaUnz foykl gs dkO; Jh/kj O;adVs’k ;kauh jpys vkgs- xaxk/kj vk;Zd`r e/;s

35 ‘yksdkae/;s Hkkslys dqGkph ekfgrh vlwu ekyksth rs ratkojps ‘kgkth nqljk Ik;Zar ekfgrh feGrs-

Ñ‛.k T;ksfr‛kh ;kus ^dj.k dkSLrqHk* gk xzaFk fygyk-

1-2 ejkBh lk/kus

ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklkpk vH;kl dj.;klkBh iq<hy ejkBh lk/kukapk mi;ksx gksrks-

1- ejkBh dkxni=s

ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklys[kuklkBh ejkBh Hkk‛ksr vusd c[kjh] ‘kdkoY;k] xzaFk] iksokMs miyC/k

vkgsr- ijarq;k lk/kukauk dkgh e;kZnk vkgsr- R;k vFkkZus ljdkjh dkxni=s gh vf/kd mi;qDr o

egRokph vlrkr- ejkBh dkxni=kae/;s N=irh f’kokth egkjkt] N=irh laHkkth egkjkt] N=irh

jktkjke egkjkt o egkjk.kh rkjkckbZ b- jkT;dR;kaZph vkKki=s] orui=s] bukei=s] fuokMs] eglwykps

dkxn] o‛kkZlukps dkxn] osxosxG;k uksanhps dkxn] nSufnuh b- dkxni=kapk lekos’k ejkBh dkxni=kae/;s

vlrks- jktkauh] ljnkjkauh fdYysnkjkauh] lqHksnkjkauh] Bk.ksnkjkauh] iz/kkukauh] odhykauh fyfgysY;k i=kapk

;ke/;s lekos’k gksrks-

ejkB;kaP;k dkxni=kaP;k vk/kkjs bfrgkl fyfg.;kph lqjokr tsEl dWfuaxgWe xzWaV MQ ;k baxzt

vf/kdkÚ;kus dsyh- ekÅ¡V LVqvVZ ,yfQULVu ;kP;k izksRlkgukrwu x¡V MQ ;kus ^ejkB;kapk bfrgkl* gk

xzaFk rhu [kaMkr izdkf’kr dsyk- iq<s vusd o‛ksZ xz¡M MQ pk bfrgkl izek.k ekuyk tkr gksrk- ek=

baxztkauh fyfgysY;k bfrgklkrhy =`Vh y{kkr vkY;koj ewG dkxni=s ‘kks/k.;kph izfØ;k xfreku >kyh-

R;kaurj eksB;k izek.kkoj dkxni=s ladfyr >kyh- o R;kaP;k izdk’kukojgh Hkj fnyk tkow ykxyk-

bfrgklkoj vk/kkfjr fo- dk- jktokMs ;kauh 78 izdkjP;k dkxni=kaph ekfgrh fnyh vkgs- R;kauh

ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklkph lk/kus gk xzaFk 22 [kaMkr izdkf’kr dsyk vlwu R;krhy dkgh [kaM

f’kodkGklkBh mi;qDr vkgsr- R;kauh vusd egRokph o nqyZf{kr dkxni=s izdkf’kr d:u ejkB;kaPkk

bfrgkl leksj vk.kyk- Hkkjr bfrgkl la’kks/kd eaMGkus ^f’kopfj= lkfgR;* ;k ekysr rsjk is{kk vf/kd

[kaM izdkf’kr dsysys vkgsr- R;kauh ^f’kopfj= izfni* e/;s vusd f’kodkyhu ‘kdkoY;k izfl/n dsY;k

vkgsr- ;k f’kok; f’ko’kkghrhy dkxni=kaps ,df=r vls] ^f’kodkyhu i=lkj laxzg* ;k ekysps rhu

[kaM izfl/n dsys vkgsr- ^^laHkkthdkyhu i=lkj laxzg* ^f’kopfj= o`Rrlaxzg* v’kk dkgh izdk’kukaPkk gh

mYys[k djrk ;sby- ;k izdk’kukP;k vk/kkjs f’koiwoZ dkyhu egkjk‛Vª rlsp fgax.ks] iqja/kjs] panzpwM]

11

nkHkkMs] vkaxzs] fp=s ?kjk.;kph dkxni=s] f’kodkyhu ekrCcj ?kjk.;kaph ekfgrh rlsp RkRdkyhu

djO;OkLFkk] rkfdni=s] nRrd izdj.ks] uk.kh O;oLFkk] orufo‛k;d /kksj.ks b- dkxni=kaeqGs rRdkyhu

?kMkeksMhoj izdk’k iMrks- ^^jktokMs* bfrgkl la’kks/ku laLFkk ;kauh R;kaP;k ^la’kks/kd* ;k

fu;rdkfydkrwu vusd uoh dkxni=s izdkf’kr dsyh vkgs-

Hkkjr bfrgkl la’kks/kd eaMGkus u- fp- dsGdj] v- fo- iVo/kZu n- fo- vkiVs ;kaph f’kopfj=

milferh useyh gksrh- ;kf’kok; uhydaB tuknZu fdrZus] fo‛.kw’kkL=h fpiGw.kdj] jk- c- lkus]

fotkiwjdj] ikjluhl ;kauh fofo/k KkufoLrkj] fuca/kekyk] dkO; bfrgkl laxzg] xzaFkekyk ;k ekfldkrwu

vLly dkxni=s izfl/n dsyh vkgsr- xks- l- ljnslkbZ] x g- [kjs] ok- lh- casnsz] vkIkklkgsc iokj] l-

ek- xxZs] ek- fo- xqtj] t;flaxjko iokj] lnkf’kojko ekrZaM] eksMd] lkus] iz- u- ns’kikaMs b-

la’kks/kdkauh eksykps ;ksxnku fnys vkgs-

2½’kdkoY;k& ‘kd Eg.kts lu fdaok o‛kZ vkf.k vkoyh Eg.kts vksG- o‛k Z ¼’kd½ nsowu R;kiq<s

?kVukaph laf{kIr uksan vlrs] ;kyk ‘kdkoyh Eg.krkr- ;ke/;s lxG;k ?kVuka ;srkrp vls ukgh- bLykeh

jkT;dR;kZaP;k njckjh rokfjdk fdaok egRokP;k ?kVukaP;k uksanh dj.;kph i/nr :< gksrh- ejkB;kauh ;k

i/nrhps vuqdj.k d:u ‘kdkoyh r;kj dsY;k- ‘kdkoyh e/;s egRoiw.kZ ?kVukaP;k uksanh laf{kIri.ks

rkj[kslg fnysY;k vlrkr- loZlk/kkj.ki.ks ‘kdkoyhe/;s fnysY;k rkj[kk fcupqd vlrkr-

f'kodkGkrhy LFkG dkGkph vpqd ekfgrh ‘kdkoyh e/;s feGrs- MkW- v- jk- dqyd.khZ ;kaP;k

ers ^vkiY;k ?kjk.;krhy iq:‛kkaP;k tUee`R;w] ijkØe vFkok egRokP;k ?kVuk Øe’k% uksanfo.;kph ijaijk

izeq[k ljnkj ?kjk.;kr Qkj iqohZiklwup :< gksrh- v’kk uksanh djhr vlrkuk R;k dkGkr ?kMysY;k

lkekftd jktdh;] vkfFkZd egRokP;k ?kVukapkgh lgt mYys[k dsyk tkr vls-

1½ ts/ks ‘kdkoyh& iq.ks ftYg;krhy Hkksj toGhy dkjhps ns’keq[k & ts/ks ;kaP;k nIrjkr feGkysyh

ts/ks ‘kdkoyh yksdekU; fVGdkaP;k izLrkouslg Hkkjr bfrgkl la’kks/ku eaMGkus 1916 e/;s izdkf’kr

dsyh- ts/ks ‘kdkoyhe/;s vkSjaxtsckP;k tUekik wlu ftathP;k os<;ki;ZarP;k 300 uksanh vkgsr- f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k tUe frFkhpk iqjkok fVGdkauh ;kp ts/ks ‘kdkoyhrwu feGfoyk-

2½ f’kokiwjdj ‘kdkoyh& f’kokiwjP;k ns’kikaMs ?kjk.;kP;k dkxni=kr gh ‘kdkoyh lkiMY;kus

^f’kokiwjdj ‘kdkoyh ;k ukokus vksG[kyh tkrs- ;k ‘kdkoyhr jkT;kfHk‛ksdkIk;ZarP;k uksanh vlY;kus

^f’kopfj= iznhi* P;k laikndkauh ;k ‘kdkoyhl ^jkT;kfHk‛ksd ‘kdkoyh* vls gh EgVys vkgs-

3½ f’kokiwj ‘kdkoyh& ^f’kopfj= izfni* e/;s gh ‘kdkoyh ^f’kokiwj nIrjkrhy ;knh* ;k ukokus

Nkiyh vkgs- ;k ‘kdkoyhr 1570 rs 1602 ;k dkyko/khrhy 99 uksanh vkgsr-

4½ fp=s ‘kdkoyh& f’kokth egkjktkaps fpV.khl ckGkth fp=s ;kaP;k ?kjk.;kP;k nIrjkrfp=s ‘kdkoyh

lkiMyh- ;k ‘kdkoyhr 1612 rs 1709 ;k dkGkrhy 30 uksanh vkgsr-

5½ brj ‘kdkoY;k& xnk/kj izYgkn ‘kdkoyh] ?kksMxkodj] 6 dyeh] ‘kgkthdkyhu ‘kdkoyh] gksui

ns’kikaMs ‘kdkoyh- v’kkbrjgh vusd ‘kdkoY;kaps ^f’ko pfj= izfni* ;k xzaFkkr Jh vkiVs o Jh fnosdj

;akuh laiknu dsys vkgs-

12

3 c[kj& f’kodkG o is’kosdkGkph barHkwr ekfgrh o lR;klR; dFku dj.kkÚ;k vusd c[kjh miyC/k

vkgsr- ijarq izR;{kkr f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dkGkr ,dgh c[kj fyfgysyh ukgh- cgqrsd c[kjh

is’kosdkGkr fyfgysY;k vkgsr- ;k c[kjh HkMd o vfrjaftr Lo:ikr fyfgysY;k vkgsr- ;k c[kjh

vLly lk/kukaoj vk/kkjysY;k ulwu Lej.kkoj vk/kkfjr vkgsr- nqljs Eg.kts ;krhy cgqrsd c[kjh

vkJhrkauh fyfgysY;k vkgsr- R;keqGs R;kapk okij djrkuk oLrqfu‛Brsph dkGth ?ksowu brj lk/kukpah

iMrkG.kh d:u ekfgrh vH;klkoh ykxrs-

1- lHkkln c[kj

f’kodkGkoj izdk’k Vkd.kkjh vR;ar egRokph c[kj Eg.kwu lHkkln c[kjhdMs ikfgys tkrs-

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k e`R;wuarj 17 o‛kkZauh Ñ‛.kkth vuar lHkkln ;kauh gh c[kj fygwu iw.kZ dsyh-

N=irh jktkjke egkjktkaP;k vkKsus 1694 rs 1697 ;k dkGkr fyfgysyh vlkoh-

;k c[kjhe/;s ekyksth jkts] foBksth jkts] ‘kgkth jkts ;kaP;k dk;kZcjkscjp f’kopfj=krhy

toGtoG loZ egRokP;k ?kVukaph] ijkØekaph ekfgrh lHkkln nsrkr ;k f’kok; eqydh o y‛djh

iz’kklu O;oLFkk] fdYys] [kftuk] izns’k foLrkj] jkcfoysY;k lq/kkj.kk] ns.kX;k] v‛Viz/kku ;kfo‛k;h

egRoiw.kZ ekfgrh feGrs- dsoG f’kojk;kapk ijkØep uOgs rj iz’kkldh; o vkfFkZd bfrgklkP;kn`f‛Vusgh

gh c[kj egRoiw.kZ vkgs- gh c[kj vR;ar laf{kIr vlwugh ledkyhu vlY;kus fryk ,sfrgkfld n`‛V;k

vuU;lk/kkj.k egRo vkgs- 1881 e/;s jkocgknwj dkf’kukFk lkus ;kauh gh c[kj l aikfnr dsyh-

f’kopfj=dkj xtkuu esganGs Eg.krkr dh] brj c[kjhe/;s vk<G.kkÚ;k vfr’k;ksDrh o

diksydfYir xIik ;k nks‛kkaiklwu gh c[kj lkekU;r% eqDr vkgs vls fnlrs-

2- Jh f’koN=irhaph 91 dyeh c[kj

;k c[kjhe/;s ekyksthjkts Hkkslys rs f’kokth egkjktkaP;k e`R;qi;Zarpk bfrgkl lkafxryk vkgs-

gh c[kj nRrkth f=acd okduohl ;kauh 1686 rs 1707 ;k njE;ku fyfgyh vlkoh- ;k c[kjhe/;s

91 dyes vkgsr- Eg.kwu gh c[kj 91 dyeh c[kj Eg.kwu vksG[kyh tkrs- fo- l- okdldj ;kauh rh

c[kj izdkf’kr dsyh-

3 fpV.khl c[kj fdaok Jh f’koN=irhaps lIr izdj.kkRed pfj=

N=irh f’kokth egkjktkaadMs fpV.khlh dj.kkÚ;k ckGkth vkoth fpV.khl ;kaP;k ?kjk.;krhy

eYgkj jkejko fpV.khl ;kauh lkrkjP;k N=irh ‘kkgw egkjkt nqljs ;kaP;k vkKso:u gh c[kj 1811

e/;s fyfgyh- ;k c[kjhrwu foLr`r ekfgrh feGrs- ;k c[kjhr lkr izdj.ks vkgsr- Eg.kwu rh ^lIr

izdj.kkRed pfj=* Eg.kwugh vksG[kyh tkrs- ys[kdkP;k ukokus fpV.khl c[kj Eg.kwugh vksG[kyh tkrs-

gh c[kj lHkkln c[kj o 91 dyeh c[kj ;k nksUghP;k vk/kkjkoj fyfgysyh vkgs- ijarw nksUghe/;s

uksanfoysY;k dkgh xks‛Vh fpV.khl c[kjhe/;s vkysY;k vkgsr- fofo/k dkxni=kapkgh vk/kkj lnj

ys[kuklkBh ?ks.;kr vkyk gksrk- f’kodkGkuarj toGikl 100 o‛kkZau arj fyfgyh xsyh vlY;kus gh

c[kj Qkj’kh fo’oluh; ekuyh tkr ukgh-

eYgkj jkejkokus gh c[kj vk[;kf;dk] ,sdho ekfgrh] lkrkjP;k nIrj[kkU;krhy ekfgrh ;k

vk/kkjs fygyh vkgs- xWzaV MQ P;k xzaFkkr u lkiM.kkÚ;k vusd xks‛Vh jkejkokP;k pfj=kr vkgs ;k

13

f’kopfj=kojhy c[kjh f’kok; eYgkj jkejko ;kauh N=irh laHkkth] N=irh jktkjke] N=irh ‘kkgq]

N=irh jkejktk o N=irh nwljs ‘kkgw ;kaph gh pfj=s fyfgysyh vkgsr-

4-fp=xqIr c[kj

j?kqukFk ;kno fp=xqIr¼fp=s½ ;kauh gh c[kj 1765 e/;s fygyh vlkoh- R;kus ;k c[kjhe/;s v/kque/kqu

dfork fyfgY;k vkgsr- gs lq/nk ckGkth vkoth fpV.khl ;kaP;k ?kjk.;krhy vkgsr- f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k dkGkrhy vusd ?kVuk ,sfdo ekfgrhP;k vk/kkjkus fyfgysY;k vkgsr- lHkkln c[kjhe/;s

vusd dkYifud ?kVukaph Hkj ?kkrysyh vkgs- dkgh ljnkjkaph ukos] fp=s] ys[kd nsrkr- rj

‘kkfgLrs[kkukojhy Nkik] rkukthpk ijkØe ;k ?kVuk lfoLrj fnY;k vkgsr-

lHkkln c[kjhr dkGkP;k vks?kkr dkgh nks‛k fuekZ.k >kys gksrs- R;keqGs ;’koarjko f’kans ;kaP;k

lqpuso:u j?kqukFk ;kno ;kauh ;k c[kjhps iquysZ[ku dsys vkgs-

5-nyirjk;kph c[kj

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k fojks/kh ‘k=w i{kkrhy] xVkrhy nyirjk;kua 1765 P;k lqekjkl gh c[kj

fyfgyh vlkoh- nyirjk; gk fojks/kh xVkrhy vlY;kus bfrgkldkj ;k c[kjhl fo’ks‛k egRo nsrkr-

dkj.k ;k c[kjhrwu egRokP;k ?kVukaP;k rkj[kk fcupwd dGrkr- vkf.k fojks/kdkapk f’kokth egkjktkadMs

ikg.;kpk n`f‛Vdksu letwu ?ks.;klkBh ;k c[kjhpk mi;ksx gksrk-

6-f’kofnfXot;c[kj

f’kofnfXot; gh c[kj 1818 e/;s fygyh xsyh vlkoh- ;k c[kjhpk drkZ vKkr vkgs- b-l-

1895 e/;s bfrgkldkj nkaMsdj o uanwjckjdj;kauh c[kjhps laiknu dsys vkgs- ;k c[kjhe/;s f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k dkjfdnhZrhy vusd ?kVuk] f’kokth egkjktkapk ijkØe ;kaps o.kZu dssys vkgs-gh c[kj

fyfgrkuk fofo/k nk[kys] i=s] ckjfu’kh] tqus xzaFk o dkxn ;kapk vk/kkj ?ksrY;kps ys[kd lkaxrks- jktkjke

egkjktkauk N=irhin feGkos ;klkBh lks;jkckbZuh dk; dk; dsys] ;kph ekfgrh c[kjhe/;s fyfgyh

vkgs-

7- brj c[kjh &eYgkj jkejko fpV.khlkus laHkkth egkjktkaph c[kj o jktkjke egkjktkaph c[kj

fyfgysY;k vkgsr- c[kjdkj N=irh laHkkth egkjktkacÌy fojks/kh oDrO;s djrks- rj jktkjke

egkjktkacÌy iz’kalksn~xkj dk<rks- 1810 e/;s ejkBh lkezkT;kph NksVh c[kj fyfgyh xsyh- ;kf’kok;

‘ksMxkodj c[kjh] f’kokth izrki c[kj] iarizfrfu/khc[kj] eksjs c[kj b- c[kjhapk mYys[k djkok

ykxrks- 109 dyeh c[kjhe/;s f’kokth egkjkt o , sadksthph oa’kkoG fnyh vkgs-

f’ko’kkghoj izdk’k Vkd.kkÚ;k ;k egROkkP;kc[kjh vkgsr- ;k c[kjhe/;s vfr’k;ksDrh]

dkYifudrk] HkMdi.kk vkgs- ijarw vLly dkxni= ulY;kus ;k c[kjhoj f’ko’kkghpk bfrgkl

let.;klkBh voyacwu jgkos ykxrs-

4 lar okM%e;

ejkB;kapk vk| bfrgkldkj xzWaV MQ ;kaus ^o.kok fl/nkar* ejkBh lRrsP;k mn;klanHkkZr ekaMyk-

rks [kksMwu dk<.;klkBh jk‛Vªoknh bfrgklys[ku izokg fuekZ.k >kyk- U;k- jkuMs ;kauh vkiY;k ^ejkBh

14

lRrspk mn; vkf.k mRd‛kZ* ;k xzaFkkr] ^^ejkBh lRrk gh vpkud fuekZ.k >kyh ulwu Kkus’ojkaiklwu

rqdkjkekai;ZarP;k larkuh ejkBh lRrsP;k mn;kph ik’oZHkweh r;kj dsyh gksrh-** vls fo’ys‛k.k dssys

vkgs-

larkP;k okM%e;kr rRdkyhu egkjk‛Vªkps izfrfcac rj fnlrsp i.k rs d soG ?kMkeksMh iqjrs

e;kZfnr ulwu rRdkyhu dkGkpk ekxksok gh ?ksrk ;srks- lar rqdkjke egkjkt gs N=irh f’kokth

egkjktkaps ledkyhu gksrs- rqdkjke egkjktkauh vkiY;k ys[ku dk;kZrwu o vHkaaxkrwu izcks/ku djhr

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k LojkT; mHkkj.khP;k dk;kZlkBh vuqdwy v’kh okrkoj.k fufeZrh dsyh- t.kek.klkr

LojkT;kph izsj.kk fuekZ.k dsyh- R;kaP;k vHkaxkrwu lektthou o ?kMkeksMhap izfrfcac fnlrs- rqdkjke

egkjktkaP;k vHkaxkrwu rRdkyhu lkekftd] jktfd;] vkfFkZd] lkaLÑfrd o /kkehZd ifjfLFkrhps o.kZu

bfrgklkP;k vH;klklkBh mi;qDr Bjrs-

5- iksokMs& Okhjjlkus vksFkacysyk o ekSf[kd ijaijsus pkyr vkysyk dkO;izdkj Eg.kts iksokMk-

iksokMk gk egkjk‛Vªkrhy yksdfi z; dkO;izdkj vkgs- bfrgklkps lkFkZ lk/ku Eg.kwu iksokMs gs lq/nk ,d

egRokps lk/ku vkgs- iksokMs ohjjliz/kku vlys rjh R;krhy o.kZu gs ,sfrgkfld lR;kyk /k:u vlrs-

‘kkghj] xks a/kGh gs R;kdkGh iksokMs xkr vlr- fofo/k Kku foLrkj] fuca/kekyk] dkO;sfrgkl laxzg ;k

ekfldke/;s lqjokrhl iksokMs izfl/n >kys-iksokMs ladyu] la’kks/kukl izsj.kk feGkyh- 1879 e/;s ‘kadj

‘kkGhxzke ;kauh 43 iksokM;kapk laxzg izfl/n dsyk- xksfoancYYkkG] Jh ckGÑ‛.k vkRekjke xqIrs

bR;knhaP;k iz;Rukrwu vkti;Zar 300 is{kk vf/kd iksokM;kaps ladyu >kys vkgs- ts/ks ‘kdkoyh o

djhU;kr ^f’kokth vQ>y[kku HksV* iksokM;kpk mYYks[k vkgs- gk mYys[k vKkunklkP;k vQ>y[kku

o/kkP;k iksokM;krhy jpus’kh tqG.kkjk vkgs- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k laca/kh lokZr izfl/n o yksdfiz;

iksokMk vkgs rks vKkunklkpk- ^vQ>y[kku o/kkpk iksokMk* ;k ukoko:up R;kps dFkkud dGrs-

vFkkZr vR;ar mi;qDr ekfgrh ;kr vkgs- vKkunkl o rqG’kh nklkpk iksokMk [kqÌ egkjktkauh ,sdyk o

vKkunklkyk ?kksMk o lksU;kpk rksMk rj rqGlhnklkyk lksU;kpk rksMk fnY;kpk iksokM;kP;k ‘ksoVh

mYys[k vkgs- t;flaxkP;k LokjhP;k osGh ijkØe xktfo.;kÚ;k nRrkth tk/kojko ;k lSfudkoj

vKkr;ekth iklydjkpk iksokMk vkgs- ;k iksokM;kr ‘kkfgLrs[kkuk ojhy Nkik] lqjrsph ywV o

tloarflagkpk Qlysyk dksaMk.kk gYyk ;kapk mYys[k vkgs-

Jh v- u dsGdj Eg.krkr] iksokM;ke/kwu rRdkyhu :<h] ijaijk o dje.kwdhph ekfgrh feGrs-

ekSf[kd lkfgR;kr dkgh nks‛k vlrkr rjh R;kaps egROk ukdkjrk ;sr ukgh- egRokP;k O;Drh o

?kVukackcr nardFkkaP;k :ikus lekteukr bfrgkl ftoar vlrks-

6- f’kykys[k& f’kodkGke/khy f’kykys[kkaph la[;k vxnh e;kZfnr vkgs- fdY;kaP;k njokT;koj o

eafnjkaP;k x.ks’kiÍhoj ;k dkGkrhy ejkBhrhy f’kykys[k fnlrkr- fdYYks] eafnjs] okMs ;kaph cka/kdkes

dks.kh dsyh o R;kekxph Hkqfedk Li‛V gksrs- ratkojP;k c`gnh’ojkp s eafnj vkgs- ;k eafnjkP;k nxMh

fHkarhoj ,d f’kykys[kvkg s- raTkkojP;k Hkkslys ?kjk.;kPkk 1803 Ik;Zarpk bfrgkl ratkojpk ckcqjko

foðy ;kus dks:u ?ksryk- jk;xMkoj ^lsoslh rRij fgjksth banqydj* vlk f’kykys[k dksjyk vkgs-N=irh

f’kokth egkjktkauh dksBsgh fdYY;koj Lor%ps uko dksjysys ukgh fdaok vls f’kykys[k vk<Gr ukghr-

7- esLrds& ;kno dkGkiklwu esLrds fyg.;kph i/nr vkgs-esLrdkae/;s ,sfrgkfld ?kVukaph uksan ulwu

dsoG tek[kpkZP;k i/nrh R;kr fo’kn dsY;k vkgsr- vkfFkZd O;ogkjkaP;k vH;klklkBh esLRkds mi;ksxh

15

vkgsr- f’kodkyhu dkj[kkus o fdYys ;kaph O;oLFkk letwu ?ks.;klkBh esLrdkapk mi;ksx gksrks- ok-

lh- csanzs ;kauh ^egkjk‛Vª bfrgklkph lk/kus foHkkx ifgyk* ;k xazFkkr lgk esLrdkaps ladyu dsys vkgs-

8- vkKki=& f’kokth egkjktkaph jktfurh o jkT;O;oLFkk letwu ?ks.;klkBh] vH;kl.;klkBh

jkepanziar vekR; ;kauh fygysY;k ^vkKki=* ;k xzaFkkps ;ksxnku egRoiq.kZ vkgs- vkKki=ke/;s ,dq.k 9

izdj.ks vlwu R;kr jktkph drZO;] jkT;O;oLFkk] vFkZO;oLFkk o y‛djO;oLFkk ;kaoj Hkjfnysyk vkgs-

;k xzaFkkr jktuhrh] jktk o iz/kkukph drZO;s] orunkj] bukes] fdYys o R;kaps iz’kklu] ik;nG] ?kksMnG

o y‛djh O;oLFkk] vkjekj] O;kikj] lkodkj] eglwy [kkrh v’kk egRoiq.kZ fo‛k;kaoj foospu dsyss

vkgs- 1775&76 e/;s fofo/k KkufoLrkj ekfldkr ifgY;kank gk xzaFk izfl/n >kyk- iz- u- ns’kikaMs

;kaps ers ^f’kodkyhu jkT;O;oLFksps eeZ letwu ?ks.;klkBh o bfrgklkP;k vH;klklkBh gk xzaFkmi;qDr

Bjrks*-

1-1-3- fganhlk/kus

1-f’kojktHkw‛k.k & N=irh f’kokth egkjktkaps ledkyhu doh Hkq‛k.k ;kauh 1673 e/;s ^f’kojkt Hkw‛k.k*

gs dkO;s fygys- f’kojktHkw‛k.k gk xzaFk vyadkfjd vlwu vQ>y[kku o/k] ‘kkfgLrs[kukojhy Nkik]

vkxzk HksV&dSn o lqVdk] 1672 ps lkYgsj&eqYgsjpss ;q/n ;k izlaxkoj dfork vkgsr- ;k ?kVukae/kwu

vusd ckjdkos o egRoiq.kZ ekfgrh Li‛V gksrs- f’kokth egkjktkauh /keZj{k.kkFkZ dsysys dk;Z o

vkSjaxtsckps fganw } s‛Vs /kksj.k ;kafo‛k;h ;kr ekfgrh feGrs-

2- N= izdk’k& ykydoh iqjksfgr ;kauh gk dkO; xzaFk fygyk vkgs- N=lky o f’kokth egkjktkaP;k

HksVhps o.kZu ;k dkO;kr dsysys vkgs-

3- f’kocko.kh&f’kokth egkjktkaP;k ijkØekph xkFkk lkax.kkjs ckoUu Nan ;k xazFkkr doh Hkq‛k.k ;kauh

fygys vkgsr- jkeizlkn vWM cznlZ vkxzk ;kauh laikfnr dsysyk xzaFk Nkiyk vkgs- egkjktkaP;k

vkfny’kkgh] dqrqc’kkgh o eksxy ;kaP;k cjkscjP;k laca/kkph ekfgrh ;kr vkyh vkgs-

1-1-4-if’kZ;u¼ Qkjlh½

eqfLye jkT;drkZP;k injh vlysY;k ys[kdkauh Qkjlh Hkk‛ksrwu dsysY;k fy[kk.kkrwu

f’kodkyklaca/kh ekfgrh feGrs- Qkjlh Hkk‛ksrhy lk/kus foiwy vkgsr- ijarw R;kauh fnysyh ekfgrh ,dkaxh]

i{kikrh vlysyh vkgs- Qkjlh lk/kukae/;s vusd nks‛k vlys rjh ijfd;kaP;k n`f‛Vdksukrwu ejkB;kapk

bfrgkl letwu ?ks.;klkBh gh lk/kus egRokph vkgsr-

1½ YkqRQqYyk[kkukph i=s & ;k eksxy ljnkjkus 1690 rs 1700 ;k dky[kaMkrhy ejkB;kaP;k

Lokar«;;q/nkP;k laca/kh vusd ^?kVukapk* vkiY;k i=krwu mYys[k dsyk vkgs- eksxy&ejkBk la?k‛kZ]

larkth] /kukthpk ijkØe] ejkB;kaps xfueh dkO;kps ra= ;kfo‛k;h ekfgrh ;k i=krwu feGrs-

^eksxy&ejkBk la?k‛kZ* ;k xzaFkkr lsrw ek/kojko ixMh ;kauh ;k i=kapk vuqokn dsyk vkgs-

2½ ekfljs vkyefxjh & vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgkpk vkf/kdkjh lkdh eqLrsn[kku ;kus 1709 e/;s gk

xzaFk fygyk- rks vkSjaxtsckcjkscj nf{k.k eksfgesr lgHkkxh gksrk- eksxy&ejkBk la?k‛kkZph ekfgrh R;kus;k

xzaFkkr fnyh vkgs- ejkB;kaP;k Lokra«; laxzkekphekfgrh ;krwu feGrs-

16

3½ rkjh[ks [kkQh[kku & eksxy vf/kdkjh [kkQh[kku ;kus 1734 e/;s gk xzaFk fygwu iw.kZ dsyk-

;k xzaFkkr vkSjaxtsc] cgknqj ‘kgk] Q:dfl;j b- ckn’kgkaph ekfgrh feGrs- ;kp cjkscj f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k gkypkyh] laHkkth egkjktkapk LoHkko o dr`ZRo] N=irh jktkjke] egkjk.kh rkjkckbZ ;kaph

dkefxjh] larkth] /kukth ;kaP;k dkefxjhph ekfgrh ;k xzaFkkr feGrs- [kkQh[kku ejkB;kapk fVdkdkj

Eg.kwup vksG[kyk tkrks- rjhgh f’kokth egkjktkaph /kkehZd lfg‛.kwrk] egkjk.kh rkjkckbZ ;kaph R;kus

Lrqrh dsyh vkgs-

4½ rkjh[ks fnydq’kk& vkSjaxtsckP;k injh uksdjh dj.kkÚ;k fHkelsu lDlsuk ;kps gs vkRepfj=

vkgs- ;k xzaFkkr R;kus 1654 rs 1709 Ik;Zarpk eksxykapk bfrgkl fygysyk vkgs- ;k xzaFkkr N=irh

f’kokth egkjkt rs egkjk.kh rkjkckbZ Ik;ZarP;k loZ ejkB;kauh vkSjaxtsckcjkscj fnysY;k la?k‛kkZph ekfgrh

feGrs- 1893 e/;s lsrw ek/kojko ixMh ;kauh ^eksxy o ejkBs* ;k ukokus gk xzaFk ejkBhr fygyk-

5½ Qqrqgkrs vkyefxjh& Qqrqgkr s vkyefxjh Eg.kts vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgkP;k fot;kph dFkk-

bZ’ojnkl ukxj ;kus gk xzaFk fygyk- ;kxzaFkkr bZ’ojnkl ;kus ‘kkfgLrs[kkukP;k eksfgesiklwu lkrkÚ;kP;k

os<;ki;Zar ekfgrh ;kr fnyh vkgs- laHkkth egkjktkaP;k ‘ksoVP;k fnolkph gdhxr bZ’ojnkl nsrks- doh

dy’k] laHkkthegkjkt]jktkjkeegkjkt] nqxkZnkl jkBksM] vdcj]vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgk]ckn’kgkps ljnkj ;kaP;k

fo‛k;h ufou ekfgrh ;kr vkyh vkgs- ^;k xzaFkkps ejkBhrhy c[kjh lkj[ks Lo:Ik vkgs*] vls jktnjsdj

Eg.krkr-

6½ [kqrwrs f’kokth& [kqrwrs f’kokth Eg.kts f’kokth egkjktkaph i=s- ;kr 32 i=kapk laxzg vkgs-

f’kokth egkjktkacjkscjp vkSjaxtsc] vdcj] >qfYQdkj [kku] fe>kZ jkts t;flax] ‘kkgw egkjkt ;kaphgh

i=s vkgsr- ftf>;k djkP;k fu‛ks/kkFkZ f’kokth egkjktkauh vkSjaxtsckyk ikBfoysYks i= ;kr vkgs-;k i=kapk

^eksxy&ejkBs la?k‛kZ* ;k xzaFkkr lsrw ek/kojko ixMh ;kauh vuqokn fnysYkk vkgs-

7½ g¶r vatweu&g¶r vatqeu gk fe>kZ jkts t;flax ;kaP;k i=kpk laxzg vkgs- t;flax

nf{k.ksr vlrkuk R;kauh vkSjaxtsck’kh dsysyk gk i=O;ogkj vkgs- t;flaxkpk fpV.khl mn;jkt ;kus gh

i=s laxzfgr dsyh- ;kykp ^gIr vatweu* ;k ukokus vksG[kys tkrs- ^ejkBk&eksxy la?k‛kZ* ;kiqLrdkr

lsrw ek/kojko ixMh ;kauh ;kpk vuqokn fnysyk vkgs-

8½ ekrcj[kkukph i=s & eksxy lsukirh ekrcj[kku ;kus ckn’kgk o brj eksxy lsukf/kdkÚ;kauk

fygysyh i=s R;kpk fpV.khl tsBey ;kaus ,df=r d:u ^dkjukek* ukokpk xzaFk fygyk- ;k i=karwu

laHkkth egkjkt o jktkjke egkjktkaP;k eksxykcjkscjhy la?k‛kkZph ekfgrh feGrs-

9½ eqgEenukek& bczkfge vkfny’kgkpk doh tgwjh ;kus 1654 e/;s ^eqgEenukek* gk xzaFk

fygyk- ;k xzaFkkr ‘kgkthjkts o vusd ejkBk ljnkjkaph ekfgrh vkyh vkgs- f’kokth jktkaps izkjafHkd

dkGkrhy dk;Z letwu ?ks.;klkBh gk xzaFk mi;qDr Bjrks- ‘kgkth jktkaph vVd] fotkiqjyk jokuxh o

dksa<k.kk] danihZ o caxyksj fdYys nsowu dsysyh lqVdk ;k fo‛k;h ekfgrh feGrs-

10½ rkjh[ks vyh & fotkiwjpk ckn’kgk eqgEen vkfny’kgk ;kP;k injh vlysY;k vyh

eqgEen gqlsu ;kus ^rkjh[ks vyh* gk xzaFk fygyk- ;k xzaFkkr vQ>y[kku izalx] flÌ~h tksgjpk iUgkGk

os<k] t;flaxkph Lokjh ;kfo‛k;h ekfgrh feGrs-

17

11½ vyh ukek & egaen uqL=r ;kus gk xzaFk mnwZr fygysyk vkgs- 1665 Ik;Zarph ekfgrh ;k

xzaFkkr vlwu 57 izdj.kkae/;s rh fygyh vkgs- vQ>y[kku o|] iUgkGk os<k] ‘kkfgLrs[kkukojhy Nkik]

t;flaxkph Lokjh ;kph ekfgrh lfoLrj fnyh vkgs- LojkT;kfo‛k;h f’kokth egkjktkauk vfHkeku

vlY;kps rks lkaxrks-

12½ clkrhu & ml & lykrhu & eqgEen bczkfge vÖ>qcSJh ;kus 1824 e/;s fotkiqjP;k

vkfny’kkgh pk bfrgkl fygyk- ;k xzaFkkpk ejkBh vuqokn ^fotkiwjP;k vkfny’kkgh ?kjk.;kpk bfrgkl*

;k ukokus Jh eksMd o Jh o>s ;kauh dsyk vkgs- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k gkypkyh] ijkØe] jktdkj.k o

R;kaps vkfny’kkgh’kh vlysYkk laca/k ;kapk vH;kl djrkuk ;k xzaFkkph enr gksrs-

13½ v[kcjkr & eksxy njckjkrhy nSufnu ?kMkeksMhapk o`rkar ljdkjh vf/kdkÚ;kdMwu fygwu

?ksryk tkbZ- ;k o`rkarkuk ^v[kcjkr* vls uko vkgs- dkGkP;k vks?kkr ;k v[kcjkark iSdh cjhp o`rkars

u‛V >kyh vkgsr- ;krhy dkgh Hkkx yaMu] t;iqj] dydRrk ;ssFkhy nIrj[kkU;kr vkgs- lj tnqukFk

ljdkjkauh ;k v[kcjkrkapk mi;ksx vkiY;k History of Aurangzeb ;k xazFkkr dsysyk vkgs-

14½ brj Qkjlh lk/kus &

1648 e/;s vCnwy gehn ykgksjh ;kaus ^ckn’kgkukek* gk xzaFk fygyk- ;k xzaFkkr ‘kgktgkupk

bfrgkl fnyk vkgs- vln[kku ;k ys[kdkus 1663 e/;s nqljk vyh vkfny’kgk ;kaP;k dkjfdnhZoj

^g¶Rk dqlhZ* gk xzaFk jpyk- Qqtwuh vLrjkcknh;kus Qqrqgkrs&b&vkfny’kkgh rj vcwy Q>y ;kus

^vkbZus vdCkjh* gk xzaFk fygyk- gehnqnhu [kkukus ^vgdkes vkyefxjh*] eqgEeÌ lkfyg dacw ;kus

^vey b lkfyg* xazFk rj l¸;n gqlsu[kku ;kus 1780 e/;s ^fl;k:y eqr[kjhu* gk xzaFk fygyk- fe>kZ

eqgEen dkfle[kku ;kus vkSjaxtsckP;k vkKsu s R;kP;k ifgY;k 10 o‛kkZPkk njckjh bfrgkl

^vkyexhjukek* fygyk vkgs- v’kk fofo/k Qkjlh xzaFkkrwu@lk/kukrwu f’kodkGkph ekfgrh miyC/k gksrs-

1- 2- ijdh; Hkk‛ksrhy lk/kus

b-l- 1488 e/;s okLdks&n&xkek ;k iksrqZxht [kyk’kkus Hkkjrkr ;s.;kpk tyekxZ ‘kks/kwu

dk<yk- iksrqZxht O;kikÚ;kauh Hkkjrkr ;sowu O;kikj dj.;kl ifgY;kank lqjokr dsyh- R;k ikBksikB Mp]

baxzt] Ýsp ;k ;qjksfi;u ns’kkrhy O;kikÚ;kauhgh Hkkjrkr ;sowu O;kikjkl lqjokr dsyh- lqjokrhyk

Hkkjrh; if’pe oiqoZ fdukj iÍhoj ;qjksfi;u O;kikÚ;kauh o[kkjh LFkkiu dsY;k- ;k o[kkjh fdaok

O;kikjh dsanzkeqGs LFkkfud lRrka’kh R;kapk laca/k ;sow ykxyk- if’pe fdukjiÍhojhy o[kkjhpk ejkB;ka’kh

laca/k vkyk- ;k ;qjksfi;u daiuhpk vkiY;k vf/kdkÚ;kcjkscj] ;sFkhy LFkkfud lRrkcjkscj >kysYkk

i=O;ogkj] rg] djkj ;kfo‛k;h o laiRrh fo‛k;h th ekfgrh fygwu Bsoyh xsyh- R;kpk ijdh; Hkk‛ksrhy

lk/kus Eg.kwu ejkB;kapk bfrgkl vH;kl.;klkBh mi;ksx gksrks-

1-2-1- iksrqZxht lk/kus &

iksrqZxhtkauh HkkjrkP;k if’pe fdukjiÍhoj dkfydr] xksok] ckjns’k] nkHkksG] olbZ] nho]neu]

lk‛Vh] pkSy] jsonaMk] QksaMk ;k Hkkxkr opZLo izLFkkfir dsys- iksrZwxky e/khy fyLCku o ,Ogksjk ;sFkhy

nIrj[kkU;kr f’kodkGkyk mi;qDr vl.kkjh vusd dkxni=s vkgsr- ;k lk/kukapk vH;kl d:u MkW-

ikaMqjax filqyZsdj ;kauh iksrZqxht Hkk‛ksr ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklkoj vusd xzaFk fygysys vkgsr- iq.ks

18

fo|kihBkus izdkf’kr dsysyk ^iksrZqxht & ejkBk laca/k * gk xzaFk filqysZdjkaP;k fy[kk.kkpk vuqokn vlwu

vR;ar egRokpk vkgs- xksO;kP;kiksrZqxht iqjk.k oLrw la’kks/ku foHkkxkps izeq[k czk axkl ijsjk ;kauh iksrZqxht

dkxni=kaps vusd [kaM izdkf’kr dsysy s vkgsr- R;kpk ejkBh vuqokn egkjk‛Vª jkT; lkfgR; vkf.k

laLÑrh eaMGkus ^ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklkph lk/kus & iksrZqxht nIrj* ;k ukokus nksu [kaMkr izfl/n dsyk

vkgs- f’kokth fo|kihBkus ^rkjkckbZ dkyhu dkxni=s* ;klk/kuxzaFkkr Jh l- ‘ka- nslkbZuh vuqokfnr

dsysyh vusd iksrZqxht i=s Nkiysyh vkgsr- R;keqGs ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklkpk vH;kl l[kksyi.ks gksow

‘kdr vkgs-

;k xzaFkkf’kok; iksrZqxht Hkk‛ksr dkgh xzaFk ys[kugh >kysys vkgs- f’kokth egkjktkapk ifgyk

ijdh; pfj=dkj dkWLeks nh xknkZ ;kph vksG[k vkgs- R;kus 1695 e/;s iksrZqxht Hkk‛ksr f’kopfj=

fygys- rs 1730 uarj fyLcue/;s izfl/n >kys- rRdkyhu pyuO;oLFkk uk.kh] ejkBsy‛djh la?kVu]

lSU;kl feG.kkjh okx.kwd] ejkBk jktk iztk laca/k] dksd.kkrhy nslkbZph ;kckcrph ekfgrh mi;qDr

vkgs- /keksZins’kd ÝkafUll lkS> ;kaph ^O Oriente‟ Conquistado gk xzaFk laHkkth egkjktkalaca/kh ekfgrh nsrks- ^fn ;ksxq nq dkSrw*] ;kps ys[kugh mi;qDr vkgs- ;kf’kok; vrksfuvks cqdk:e ;kus 1612 rs 1617

Ik;Zarpk bfrgkl fygyk vkgs-

1-2-2- Mp lk/kus

b- l- 1605 iklwu Mpkauh Hkkjrkr ePNyhiÍ.k] lqjr] osaxqykZ] dksjkseaMy] eyckj b- fBdk.kh o[kkjh

LFkkiu dsY;k gksR;k- iksrqZxht o baxztkaP;k rqyusr Mp O;kikÚ;kapk ejkB;ka’kh laca/k deh vkyk- rjh

gsx] cVkfOg;k] yaMu ;sFkhy nIrj[kkU;krhy Mp jsdkWMZe/;s ejkB;kalac/kh cjhp ekfgrh feGrs- Mpkauh

vkiY;k i=O;ogkjk arwu f’kodkyhu ?kVukapk cÚ;kap osGk mYys[k dsyk vkgs- cVkfOg;krhy nSuafnu

dkedktkph dkxni=s] Mp Hkk‛ksrhy gLr fyf[kr dkxni=s o Mp vf/kdkÚ;kP;k i=O;ogkj vWeLVjMWe

;sFkhy laxzgkr ^Mkx jftLVj* ;k ukokus izdkf’kr >kysyk vkgs- Mkx jftLVjps vusd xzaFk izdkf’kr

>kys vlwu R;ke/;s b-l 1610 rs 1820 Ik;Zarpk Mp yksdkapk fganwLFkkukrhy i=O;ogkj* ,y OgkWu

fMOgsaVj ;kauh izdkf’kr dsyk vkgs-

Mp jsdkWMZpk mi;ksx MkW- ckGÑ‛.k ;kauh vkiY;k ^Shivaji the Great‟ ;k xzaFkkP;k 4 [kaMkr iqjsiwj dsysyk vkgs-

1-2-3-Ýsap lk/kus

Ýsapkph Hkkjrkrhy ifgyh o[kkj 1668 e/;s lqjr ;sFks LFkkiu >kyh- R;kp o‛khZ LojkT;krhy

jktkiqj ;sFks Ýsapkuh o[kkjh LFkkiu dsyh- dksjkseaMy] enzkl] ikWUMspjh ;sFks gh Ýsapkuh o[kkjh LFkkiY;k-

jktkiqjP;k o[kkjheqGs Ýsapkpk ejkB;ka’kh laca/k vkyk- 1670 P;k lqjr ywVhe/;s Ýsapkuh ejkB;kauk

nk:xksGk iqjfoY;kpk mYys[k 1674 P;k baxzth i=kr vkgs- 1675 e/;s Ýsap daiuhps izfrfu/kh

egkjktkauk HksVys- gs eS=hlaca/k iq<sgh lq: jkfgys-

f’kodkGkfo‛k;hph Ýsaplk/kus iWfjl] yaMu ;sFkhy nIrj[kkU;kr vkgsr- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k

nf{k.k LokjhP;k osGh Ýsapkuh eksBh lko/kfxjh ckGxysyh fnlrs- ÝsapxOguZj ,e- ,- ekfVZu ;k

Ýsapvf/kdkÚ;kaP;k jkstfu’khr f’kokth egkjktkaP;k nf{k.k Lokjhpk o`Rrkar igko;kl feGrks- jkstfu’khps

gLrfyf[kr iWfjl ;sFkhy laxzgkr miyC/k vkgs- miyC/k Ýsap dkxni=kaP;k vk/kkjs MkW- gkrkGdj ;kauh

19

^Relations Between The French And The Marathas (1668-1815) gk mRÑ‛V xzaFk r;kj dsyk- rks

ejkBk daiuhps vf/kdkjh ;kaP;krhy i=O;ogkjkpk mYys[k ledkyhu ÝsapkP;k fy[kk.kkr vkgsr-

egkjktkaps Ýsapk’kh Lusgkps laca/k gksrs vls fy[kk.kkr EgVys vkgs- bfrgkldkj Jh lqjsanzukFk lsu ;kauh

^QkWjsu ck;kWxzkQht vkWQ f’kokth* ;k iqLrdkP;k izLrkousr nksu ledkyhu Ýsapi=kapk mYys[k dsyk

vkgs- brj Ýsap lk/kukae/;s La Compagnie Indes Orientales‟ gk i=laxzg] MksfyZUlus fygysys

f’kopfj= ^ Histoire de Shivaji‟ gk xzaFk] vWc dWjs ;kpk ^Voyages Indes Orientales‟ gk xzaFk vkf.k

tslqbV fe’kuÚ;kapk ^La Mission Du Madure*gk i=laxzg ;kapk mYys[k f’kodkGkrhy ekfgrh

feGfo.;klkBh egRoiq.kZ Bjrks-

1-2-4- baxzth lk/kus

bZLV bafM;k daiuhP;k Hkkjrkr lqjr] eqacbZ] jktkiwj] dkjokj] enzkl] dydRrk b- fBdk.kh

o[kkjh gksR;k- LojkT;kPkk fopkj djrk lqjr] eqacbZ] jktkiwj] /kj.kxko] dkjokj] enzkl] gqcGh b- fczfV’k

o[kkjhapk ejkB;ka’kh laca/k vkyk- baxztkaP;k o[kkjh T;k izkarkr vlr] R;k izkarkrhy jktdh; o O;kikjh

?kMkeksMh R;k vkiY;k izeq[k o[kkjhyk o baXyMyk dGfor vlr- R;keqGs o[kkjhapk o`Rrkar o R;kaP;k

eaMGkP;k CkSBdhrhy Bjkokr ejkB;kaP;k gkypkyh] eksghek] jktdkj.k ;kfo‛k;h vR;ar eksykph ekfgrh

feGrs-yaMu] dYkdRrk] enzkl] eqcbZ b- fBdk.kP;k ljdkjh nIrj[kkU;kr daiuhP;k y{kko/kh

dkxni=krwu ejkB;ka’kh laca/khr dkxni=s feGrkr- bZLV baMh;k daiuhpk loZ i=O;ogkj ^QWDVjh jsdkWMZ*

Eg.kwu vksG[kyk tkrks- 1931 e/;s iq.ks ;sFkhy ^f’kopfj=* dk;kZy;kus f’kokth egkjktka’kh laca/khr

^English Records on Shivaji‟;k ukokus izdkf’kr dsys vkgsr- Hkkjr bfrgkl la’kks/kd eaMGkus

izdkf’kr dsysY;k ^f’kodkyhu i=lkj laxzg* e/;s bafXy’k jsdkWMZpk ejkBh vuqokn vkgs- f’kokth

egkjktkauh baxztkaoj vadw’k Bso.;klkBh bax zth o[kkjhgh yqVY;k gksR;k- R;k o[kkjhaP;k uqdlku

HkjikbZlkBh o lyks[;klkBh baxzt odhy egkjktkauk HksVY;kP;k uksanh vkgsr- 1672 e/;s lWE;qvy

vkWfLVu egkjktkauk HksVys gksrs- 1674 e/;s gsUjh vkWfD>aMsu egkjktkaP;k jkT;kfHk‛ksd izlaxh jk;xMkoj

mifLFkr gksrk- ;kph QWDVjh jsdkWMZ e/;s uksan vkgs- R;kus jkT;kfHk‛ksdkps o.kZu jkstfu’khr d:u Bsoys

vkgs- gsUjh xkWx ;kaP;k i=kae/;s f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dukZVd Lokjhps mÌs’k o lSU;kckcr egRoiq.kZ uksanh

vkgsr-jkWcVZ vkeZ ;kus f’kodkyhu dkxni=kaP;k vk/kkjs fygysyk ^fgLVkWfjdy ÝsaXesaV* gk xzaFk

1783&84 izdkf’kr >kyk- ^n yaMu xW>sV* o`Rri=kr 1674 njE;kuP;k ejkB;kaP;k gkypkyhP;k

ckrE;k izfl/n >kY;k- baxzt o[kkjokY;kauh f’kokth jktkapk ^iqoZsdMhy ns’kkrhy vR;ar /kksj.kh jktk*

vlk mYys[k dsyk vkgs-

1-3 izok’kkaps o`rkar

Hkkjrkph laiUurk] le`/nrk] Kku o /keZ ;k xks‛Vhps ckg; txkyk usgehp vkd‛kZ.k jkfgys vkgs-

R;keqGs vusd fons’kh izok’kh osGksosGh Hkkjrkr vkys- osxosxG;k dkGkr osxosxG;k Hkkxkr gs izoklh

vkysys fnlrkr- R;kauh izokl o.kZu] jkstfu’kh o;sFks vkysys vuqHko bfrgkl xzaFkkrwu fygwu Bsoys- ;k

ijfd; izok’kkaP;k fy[kk.kkpk] ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklkpk vH;kl dj.;klkBh mi;ksx gksrks- 1810e/;s

20

LdkWV osvfjax ;k baxzt bfrgkldkjkus baxzth izok’kkaps izokl o`rkar o brj ekfgrhP;k vk/kkjs ßejkB;kapk

bfrgklÞ izdkf’kr dsyk vkgs-

1½ tkWu ÝkW;j & 1672 rs 1681 ;k dkGkr bZLV bafM;k daiuhpk ltZu Eg.kwu Hkkjrkr

vkyk- R;kus eqacbZ jk;xM] tqUuj] dkjokj] xksok] xksd.kZ osaxqykZ] b- fBdk.kh HksVh fnY;k- f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k jkT;fHk‛ksd izlaxh tkWu ÝkW;j jk;xMkoj mifLFkr gksrk- R;kuas fyfgysyk izokl o`rkar 1863

lkyh „Travels in India in the Seventeenth Century‟;k iqLrdkr izfl/n dj.;kr vkyk vkgs-

N=irh f’kokth egkjkt o laHkkth egkjkt ;kaP;k pfj=klkBh mi;qDr lanHkZ izokl o`rkar vk<Grkr-

ÝkW;jus okLrooknh ys[ku dsys- jktdh; o lkekftd ifjfLFkrh letwu ?ks.;klkBh rs egRokps vkgs-

2½ fudksyks euqph& gk bVkfy;u izoklh b-l- 1656 e/;s fganqLFkkukr vkyk- rks Hkkjrkr 65

o‛ksZ jkfgyk- rks nkjk] vkSjaxtsc] t;flax] ‘kgkvkye] iksrqZfxt o baxztkadMs uksdjhl jkfgyk- R;kus

Hkkjrkr ts vuqHkoys R;kpk o`rkar R;kus „Storia Do Mogor‟¼eksxykapk bfrgkl½ ;k ukokus Ýsap o

iksrqZfxt Hkk‛ksr fyfgyk- ;k xzaFkkps baxzth Hkk‛kkarj foY;e vk;foZu ;kus rj ^vls gksrs eksxy* gs ejkBh

Hkk‛kkarj Jh t- l- pkScG ;kauh dsys- rj egkjk‛Vª jkT; lkfgR; eaMGkus rs izdkf’kr dsys- ejkB;kaP;k

bfrgklkP;k lanHkkZr euqph ;kpk xzaFk vusd lanHkZ iqjforks- N=irh f’kokth egkjkt]N=irh laHkkth]

jktkjke egkjkt o egkjk.kh rkjkckbZ ;kaP;k fo‛k;hph ekfgrh euqphus vkiY;k xzaFkkr fnY;k vkgsr-

3½MkW tkWu ckfIVLVk dWjsjh% gk bVkfy;u izoklh oS|d ‘kkL=K gksrk- R;kus LojkT; o yxrP;k

izns’kkr izokl dsyk- olbZ] ?kksMcanj] dkUgsjh] pkSy] nkHkksG] QksaMk] fpdksMh] eq/kksG] csGxko bR;knh

xkokauk HksVh fnY;k- R;kfBdk.kh vkYksys vuqHko R;kus fygwu Bsoys-

4½ vWcsdWjs& b-l- 1668 rs 1673 ;k dkGkr Eg.ktsp f’kodkGkr vWcsdWjs gk Ýsap izoklh

Hkkjrkr vkyk gksrk- lqjr] neu] pkSy] jktkiwj bR;knh fBdk.kh rks vkyk gksrk- R;kus fyfgysY;k

izoklo.kZukrwu f’kokth egkjkt o laHkkth egkjktkaph ekfgrh feGrs- R;kus f’kokth egkjktkaps o.kZu

„One of the Greatest men, the east has ever seen‟vls dsys vkgs- vWcsdWjsjhph ^,d fpdhRld

o ?kVukaP;k dkyiVkph vpwd ekfgrh vlysyk izoklh* v’kh [;krh vkgs-

5½ FkWosukWV &b- l- 1664 rs 1667 ;k dkGkr Hkkjrkrhy vkSjaxkckn] nkSyrkckn] os:G]

vftaBk] Hkkxkuxj] lqjr ;k fBdk.kkauk HksVh fnY;k- Ýsap izoklh vlwu R;kus izokl fo‛k;d uksanh dsY;k

vkgsr- R;kaP;k ys[kukpk vuqokn rhu Hkkxkr izdkf’kr >kyk- lkekftd] vkfFkZd ifjfLFkrh letwu

?ks.;klkBh R;kps ys[ku egRokps vkgs- rks ‘kkfgLrs[kkukojhy Nkik o lqjr Lokjhph ekfgrh nsrks-

6½ ÝkWfUll ekfVZu& N=irh f’kokth egkjktkapk rks ledkfyu gksrk- 1664 rs 1694 ;k

dkGkr ekfVZu ePNyhiÍupk o[kkj izeq[k gksrk- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k ftath os<;kP;k osGh R;kus

vkiyk odhy jktkaP;k HksVhyk ikBfoyk gksrk- iq<s gk ekfVZu ifgyk Ýsap xOguZj cuyk-;k ÝkfUll

ekfVZuus jkstfu’kh fygyh vkgs- tnqukFk ljdkjkauh rh baxzthr Hkk‛kkarjhr dsyh vkgs- R;kP;k ys[kukr

ejkB;kaP;k dukZVdkrhy gkypkyh] f’kokth egkjktkaph dukZVd eksfge] jktkjke ftath os<k] f’kodkyhu

y‛dj] ?kksMnG] ik;nG] ftadysY;k izns’kkph egkjktkauh ykoysyh O;oLFkk gh ekfgrh jkstfu’khrwu

feGrs-

21

7½dkWLes nh xknkZ& ;k iksrZqxht ys[kdkus 1695 e/;s rRdkfyu pyu O;oLFkk] uk.kh]

ejkB;kaps y‛djh la?kVu] lSU;kyk feG.kkjh okx.kwd] egkjk‛Vªkrhy jktk o iztk laca/k ;kfo‛k;h ekfgrh

fyfgyh vkgs-

8½ÝkfUll cfuZ;j%&b-l-1655 rs 1667 ;k dkyko/khr ÝkfUll cfuZ;j ;k Ýsap izok’kkus

vkiY;k izokl o.kZukr N=irh f’kokth egkjktkafo‛k;h ekfgrh fnyh vkgs- R;kP;k xzaFkkr R;kus lrh izFkk

txékFkkph ;k=k] /kkehZd vkpkj bR;knh laca/kh euksjatd ekfgrh fnyh- f’kopfj=krhy egRokP;k ?kVukaph

ekfgrh R;kus FkksMD;kr fnyh vkgs- vkSjaxtsckP;k laerhusp f’kokth egkjktkauh vkxzkgwu iyk;u dsY;kps

fo/kku cfuZ;j ;kus dsys vkgs-

9½ foY;e ukWfjl & baXyMP;k jktkus 1701 lkyh foY;e ukWfjl ;kyk daiuhlkBh O;kikjh

loyrh feGfo.;klkBh o feGfoysY;k loyrhP;k ijokU;kaP;k uqruhdj.kklkBh vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgkdMs

ikBfoys gksrs- 1701 e/;s lqjryk vkY;kuarj vkSjaxkckn] ‘kgkxM] czEgiwjh] ehjt o iUgkGk vlk

izokl dsyk- iUgkG;kr ckn’kgkph HksV ?ksryh- uarj rks ek;ns’kh fu?kwu xsyk- R;kus vkiyk izokl o`rkar

fyfgyk vkgs- R;ke/;s ckn’kgkP;k Nko.;k] R;kaph laj{k.k O;oLFkk] ljnkjkaps gsosnkos] Hkz‛Vkpkj o

ejkB;kapk ijkØe ;kfo‛k;h ekfgrh fyfgysyh vkgs- ejkB;kaP;k Lokar«;;q/nkP;k n`‛Vhus R;kpk izokl

o`rkar egRokpk vkgs-

10½VWOgfuZ;j & b-l- 1642 rs 1666 ;k dkyko/khr VWªOgfuZ;j ;k Ýsap izok’kkus o fgjs

O;kikÚ;kus HkkjrHkj nqHkk‛;klg izokl dsyk- R;kps fufj{k.k lq{e gksrs- R;kus vkiys vuqHko fygwu

Bsoys- ‘kkfgLrs[kkukP;k pkd.kP;k os<;kosGh rks ‘kkfgLrs[kkukdMs xsyk- rsFks jkfgykgh gksrk-

VWªOgfuZ;jP;k ys[kukrwu pyukps ewY;] otuekis] O;kikjh ekxZ] okgrwd lk/kus ;kph ekfgrh vkyh vkgs-

11½ brj izoklh &;kf’kok; fiVj Msyk W] tkWu vkWfOgXVu] FkkWel ckWcjh] vkWfOgXVu] tkWu ek’kZy

;klkj[ks izoklh Hkkjrkr vkys gksrs- o R;kauh ejkB;kafo‛k;h FkksMsQkj fy[kku dsysys vkgs-

f’kodkGkP;k vH;klklkBh ojhy izok’kkauh fyfgysys o`rkar mi;qDr Bjrkr- ;krhy lkekftd]

HkSkxksfyd o brj ekfgrh Dofprp brj= lkiMrs- ;k izok’kkaP;k fy[kk.kkr vkReizkS<h o Lor% cÌy

Qkthy vkRefo’okl fnlrks- izR;sd xks‛Vhoj fVdk iqoZxzgnqf‛kr o`Rrh] ikSokZR; laLÑrhrhy pkyhfjrh

cÌy migkl izo`Rrh fnlwu ;srs- ijarw okLrfodrk] fulxZjpuk] HkkSxksfyd jpuk] Ik’kqi{kh] ouLirh]

taxys ;kaph ekfgrh egRoiq.kZ vkgs- otu] ekis] pyu i/nrh ;k fo‛k;h okLro ekfgrh feGrs-

LkjkoklkBh iz’u

[kkyhy iz’ukaph mRrjs 400 ‘kCnkr fygk-

1½ ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklkrhy ejkBh lk/kukaph ekfgrh lfoLrj fygk-

2½ ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklkrhy laLÑr lk/kukaph lfoLrj ekfgrh fygk-

3½ ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklkrhy Qkjlh lk/kukaph lfoLrj ekfgrh fygk-

4½ ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklkph ekfgrh lkax.kkÚ;k ijdh; lk/kukaps eqY;ekiu djk-

22

5½ ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklkph ekfgrh lkax.kkÚ;k ijdh; izok’kkaps o`Rrkar Li‛V djk-

fVikfygk-

1½ ^vuqiqjk.k* o ^f’koHkkjr* gh laLÑr lk/kus -

2½ Ck[kj Eg.kts dk;\

3½ f’kodkyhu c[kj

4½ ‘kdkoyh Eg.kts dk;\

5½ ‘kdkoY;kaps bfrgklkrhy egRo

6½ vkKki=-

7½ iksrqZxht lk/kus

8½ iksokMs o esLrds

9½ ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklkrhy Ýsap lk/kus

10½ ijdh; izoklh tkWu ÝkW;j

vf/kd okpuklkBh iqLrds

1- dqyd.khZ v- jk-] [kjs x- g- (laik-)] ejkB;kapk bfrgkl [kaM 1- 2- dqyd.khZ v- jk- (laik-)] ts/ks ’kdkoyh & dfjuk-

3- esganGs xtkuu HkkLdj] Jh jktk f’koN=irh Hkkx 1-

4- ljnslkbZ xksfoan l[kkjke] ejkBh fj;klr [kaM 1-

5- Kulkarni A R, Maharashtra in the Age of Shivaji, 6- Sarkar Jadunath , House of Shivaji

bfrgkl& ,Q-ok;-ch-,- % f’kokth o f’kodky

23

izdj.k 2

N=irh f’kokth o f’kodkGkrhy ladYiukapk vH;kl

2-1 HkDrh

2-2 oru

2-3 ljatke

2-4 eulc

2-5 tgkxhj

2-6 ftf>;k

2-7 xfueh dkok ;q/nra=

2-8 egkjk‛Vª /keZ

2-9 f’kysnkj

2-10 LojkT;

2-11 pkSFk

2-12 buke

2-13 ckjxhj

2-14 ljns’keq[kh

izLrkouk

dks.kR;kgh fo‛k;kpk lkdY;kus vH;kl djko;kpk vlsy rj R;k fo‛k;k’kh lacaf/kr ladYiuk

letwu ?ksrY;k ikfgtsr- bfrgklkpk vH;kl djrkuklq/nk bfrgklk’kh fuxMhr ladYiukapk vH;kl

djkok ykxrks- ,sfrgkfld ladYiuk ekfgrh d#u ?ksrkuk gs y{kkr Bsoys ikfgts dh ;k ladYiuk

dkGkuqlkj cnyY;k vkgsr- dkgh ladYiuk ;k R;k dkGk’khp fuxMhr vlrkr- Eg.kwup bfrgklk’kh

fuxMhr v’kk ladYiukapk vH;kl djrkuk R;k dkGkpk fopkj d#up vkf.k R;k dkGkrhy R;kaps

egRo y{kkr ?ksÅup vH;kl djkok ykxrks- ;k izdj.kkr f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dky[kaMkrhy

ladYiukapk vFkZ vkf.k R;kaP;k R;k dkGk’kh vl.kkjk lanHkZ ;kph ekfgrh ?k s.kkj vkgksr- bfrgkl tlk

vusd ?kVdka’kh fuxMhr vlrks r’kkp ;k ladYiukgh vusd ?kVdka’kh fuxMhr vkgsr- R;k vkfFkZd]

lkekftd] /kkfeZd] jktdh; vkf.k iz’kkldh; lanHkkZrhy vkgsr- egkjk‛Vª /keZ] LojkT;] xfueh dkok ;k

[kkl f’kodkykps oSf’k‛V~; vl.kkÚ;k ladYiuk ekurk ;srhy- ;k ladYiuk letkowu ?ksrY;kl

vki.kkl vf/kd lkdY;kus f’kodkGkpk vH;kl djrk ;sbZy- ;k ladYiuk vkiY;kyk rRdkyhu

24

bfrgkl let.;klkBh enr djrkr- ;krhy dkgh ladYiuk ;k R;k dkGkcjkscj laiq‛Vkr vkY;k vkgsr

rj dkghaps vFkZ dkGkuq#i cnyys vkgsr- f’kodkGkr dkgh ladYiukaps lanHkZ lrr ;srkr R;k

ladYiukaph ekfgrh R;k dkGkP;k vuq‛kaxkus ?ksryh ikfgts-

2-1 HkDrh

e/;;qxhu dkGkrhy fganw /kekZr HkDrhyk [kwi egRo gksrs- HkDrh Eg.kts dk; rj HkDrhcÌy

vls EgVys tkrs dh] HkDrhpk mxe izsekr gksrks- frph ok< izsekr gksrs o frps Ik;Zolugh izsekrp gksrs-

gs izse ykSfdd ulwu vykSfdd vkgs- ijes’ojk cÌyps izse Eg.kts HkDrh- ijes’ojkrhy izsekpk HkDrh

Eg.kts mRLQwrZ o‛kkZo vkgs- ijes’ojk’kh ,d#irk] vkRE;kpk ijekRE;k’kh la;ksx gs HkDrhps mÌh‛V~;

vkgs- HkDrh pGoG gh e/;;qxhu HkkjrkP;k bfrgklkrhy ,d vfr’k; egRoiw.kZ vkf.k O;kid v’kh

/keZfo‛k;d pGoG gksrh ftus ijes’ojkfo‛k;hP;k HkDrhyk vuU; lk/kkj.k egRo fnys- loZ ek.kls

bZ’ojkph ysdjs vkgsr- R;kauh ,desdka’kh izsekus okxkos v’kh f’kdo.k ns.kkjs o tkrikr u ekurk lokZauk

lekursus okxo.kkjh v’kh HkDrh pGoG gksrh-

1½ egkjk‛Vªkrhy HkDrh pGoG

Ekgkjk‛Vªkr fofo/k /kkfeZd laiznk; gksrs- ;kr ‘kSo Eg.kts ‘kadjkph HkDrh dj.kkjs vkf.k oS‛.ko

Eg.kts fo‛.kqph HkDrh dj.kkjs gs nksu eq[; laiznk; gksrs- ;k O;frfjDr HkDrh ekxkZpk izlkkj dj.kkjs

vusd laiznk; gksrs- ;k laiznk;kauh loZlkekU; yksdkae/;s HkDrh ekxkZpk izlkj tk.khoiwoZd dsyk Eg.kwu

;kyk HkDrh pGoG vls Eg.krkr- egkjk‛Vªkrhy HkDrh laiznk;kph lq#okr ;knodkGkr >kyh-

egkjk‛Vªkrhy ikp HkDrh laiznk; egRRokps vkgsr- ukFk laiznk;] egkuqHkko iaFk] okjdjh laiznk;] nRr

laiznk; vkf.k leFkZ laiznk; gs ikp laiznk; HkDrh ekxkZpk voyac d#u lektkr ‘kkarrk] ,dkRerk

fuekZ.k dj.kkjs Bjys-

I½ ukFk laiznk;

ukFk laiznk; gk ‘kSo HkDrhpk izlkj dj.kkjk laiznk; vkgs- ukFk laiznk;krgh fl/n~ekxZ] vo/kwr

ekxZ] ;ksxekxZ voyac.kkjs iaFk vkgsr- ukFk laiznk;kr efPNanzukFk] xksj[kukFk] pisVhukFk] ukxktqZu gs

egRokps ukFk gksÅu xsys-

II½ egkuqHkko iaFk

egkuqHkko iaFkkph lq#okr pdz/kjLokehaP;k izsj.ksus >kyh- ^lw=ikB* ;k xzaFkkr egkuqHkko iaFkkph

rhu rRos lkafxryh vkgsr- Kku vkf.k HkDrh ;kapk izlkj dj.kkjk iaFk egkjk‛Vª] xqtjkr o iatkce/;sgh

iljysyk fnlrks-

III½ okjdjh laiznk;

egkjk‛Vªkrhy egRRokpk] loZlekos’kd o loZlkekU;ki;Zar iksgkspysyk HkDrh laiznk; Eg.kts

okjdjh iaFk- okjdÚ;kae/;s foB~BykP;k HkDrhyk egRo vlwu tkrikr] mPpuhprsis{kk ekuorsyk egRo

fnys vkgs- okjdjh iaFkke/;s Kkus’oj] ,dukFk] ukenso] pks[kkesGk] ujgjh lksukj] lkorkekGh] xksjk

dqaHkkj] rqdkjke ;kaps eksBs ;ksxnku vkgs- ;k lokZauh loZlkekU;kauk HkDrhpk ekxZ nk[kfoyk vkf.k

lektkr ,dftulhi.kk vk.k.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk-

IV½ nRr laiznk;

25

nRrkph mikluk dj.kkjk laiznk; Eg.kts nRr laiznk;- nRr laiznk;klkBh xq#pfj= gk egRRokpk

o ifo= xzaFk vkgs- u`flag ljLorh ;kaP;k izsj.kus nRr laiznk;kpk izlkj >kyk- nRr laiznk; gk lukruh

fopkjlj.kh eku.kkjk vkgs-

V½ leFkZ laiznk;

Jhjkekph mikluk dj.kkjk laiznk; Eg.kts leFkZ laiznk;- leFkZ jkenkl Lokehauh Lo/kekZph egrh

iVowu fnyh- ;k laiznk;kpk vuq;k;kauk jkenklh vls Eg.rkr- ^nklcks/k* ;k leFkZ jkenkl ;kauh

fyfgysY;k xazFkkr leFkZ lizank;kph rRos lkafxryh vkgsr- dksnaM/kkjh jkekph mikluk d#u dekZyk izsj.kk

ns.kkjk gk laiznk; vkgs- f’kodkGkr LFkkiu >kysY;k ;k laiznk;kus egkjk‛Vª /kekZP;k ladYiusyk ikfBack

nsÅu gkrHkkj ykoyk-

2½ HkDrh pGoGhps ewY;ekiu

HkDrh pGoGhus loZlkekU; yksdkauk vkiY;krhy lqIr ‘kDrhaph o Hkkoukaph tk.kho d#u

fnyh- ijkHkwri.kkph o`Rrh ukgh’kh d#u izfrdwy ifjfLFkrhyk d.k[kji.ks rksaM ns.;kph o`Rrh fuekZ.k

dsyh- var%dj.k ‘kq/nh] drZO;fu‛Bk] Hkwrn;k] /keZ’khyrk] ijksidkj ;k nSoh xq.kkaph tksikluk dsyh-

foosd] lnkpkj] uhfreRrk ok<oyh- euq‛;kpk eksBsi.kk gk R;kP;k lkekftd izfr‛Bsoj Bjr ulwu

R;kP;k oS;fDrd pkfj= ;koj Bjrks gh xks‛V lekteukoj fcacoyh- HkDrh pGoG gh /kkfeZdrscjkscjp

lektlq/kkj.ksph ewY;s #to.kkjh Bjyh- ,ds’ojoknkpk iqjLdkj d#u ca/kqHkkokyk pkyuk fnyh- HkDrh

ekxkZrhy larkauh izknsf’kd Hkk‛kse/;s HkDrhps] ukeLej.kkps] ijes’ojkps egRo lkax.kkjs okM~e; fyfgys-

R;keqGs R;kaps fopkj loZlkekU;kai;Zar vxnh rGkxkGkrhy yksdkai;Zar iksgkspys- ;k fufeRrkus larkauh

/keZKkukph nkjs lokZalkBh [kqyh dsyh- HkDrh ekxkZus tkfrikrhph ca/kus f’kfFky dsyh- eks{k feGfo.;kpk

lokZar lksik o lokZalkBh miyC/k ekxZ Eg.kts HkDrh ekxZ vkgs vls lkaxwu eks{k feGfo.;kpk vf/kdkj

HkDrhekxkZ}kjs dks.kkykgh vkgs gs lokZauk iVowu fnys- mnkRr fopkj vkf.k ‘kq/n vkpj.k ;koj larkauh Hkj

fnyk- Hkkjrh; lektkr th /kekZyk Xykuh vkysyh gksrh rh nwj d#u loZlkekU;kauk izsj.kk fnyh-

yksdkae/;s la?kVu ok<wu jktdh; bPNk’kDrhph fufeZrh >kkyh- gh bPNk’kDrh LojkT; LFkkiusP;k osGh o

LojkT; j{k.kklkBh f’kokth egkjktkauk osGksosGh mi;ksxh iMysyh fnlrs-

2-2 oru

,[kk|kpk ns’k fdaok jkg.;kph tkxk vlk ^oru* ;k ‘kCnkpk ewG vFkZ gksrks- ;k ‘kCnkpk okij

egkjk‛Vªkr tsOgkiklwu eqfLye vaey lq# >kyk rsOgkiklwu lq# >kyk- ejkBh eqy[kkr oru ;k ‘kCnkPkk

vFkZ ^^lektkyk #tww dsysY;k lsoscÌy ,[kkn~;kyk fnysyh djekQ fdaok ukeek= dj ns.kkjh tehu

fdaok tehu dkgh gDd o vokarj izkIrh** vlk loZlk/kkj.ki.ks gksr vls- nk’ru ~ ;k Qkj’kh ‘kCnkpk

vFkZ /kkj.k dj.ks fdaok rkC;kr vl.ks- Eg.ktsp ekyd vl.ks- oru /kkj.k dj.kkjk fdaok ;k orukpk

ekyd vl.kkjk rks orunkj fdaok v’kk orukpk miHkksx ?ks.kkjk v’kk vf/kdkÚ;kyk orunkj EgVys tkr

vls-oru Eg.kts oa’kijaijkxr ‘kk’or miHkksxko;kph lRrk gksrh- tksi;Zar ,[kknk orunkj xkokps dke

ikgr vls rksi;Zar R;kyk feGkysyh tehu gh orunkjkdMsp jkgr vls- orunkjkps ikyuiks‛k.k

xkokdMwu gksr gksrs- xkodÚ;kadMwu orunkjkyk oLrq vkf.k jks[kLo:ikr fuf’pr mRiUu feGr vls- ;k

oLrw vFkok jDde fuf’pr dsysyh gksrh- vkf.k frph olwyh orunkj dk;ns’khjfjR;k dfjr gksrs- v’kk

dk;ns’khj gDdkauk gDdyftek EgVys tkr gksrs-

egkjk"Vªkrhy xzkelaLFkse/;s orunkj gk egRokpk oxZ gksrk- orunkjhph i/nr iwoZijaijsus vkysyh

fnlrs- orunkjh gh R;kosGh egRokph o izfr‛Bsph gksrh- O;kikj o m|ksx/kan;kis{kk pfjrkFkkZlkBh

orunkjh egRokph gksrh- xzkelaLFksps orunkjkdMs lkjk olwyh] ’ksrhpk fodkl] xkokps laj{k.k] lqO;oLFkk

26

jk[k.k s] U;k;nku v’kh egRRokph dkes gksrh- [ksMsxkokr ikVhy] dqyd.khZ] egkj] pkSxqyk] pkS/kjh]

jkeks’kh] ns’keq[k] ns’kikaMs] ’ksVs] egktu] fejklnkj] cyqrsnkj] vywrsnkj]mijh ;kapk lekos’k gksrk-

Eg.ktsp xkoxkM;krhy izR;sdkyk dkgh uk dkgh dke gksrs vkf.k R;kpk ekscnyk vFkok gDdyftek

gksrk- Qjd brdkp dh orunkjkaps gDdyftes eksBs gksrs- o R;akuk xkokr izfr‛Bkgh vf/kd gksrh- rj

brjkauk gDdgh deh o izfr‛Bkgh deh ;k orunkjkaph dkes R;kauk vl.kkjs vf/kdkj R;kauk feG.kkjs

gDdyftes ;kaph lfoLrj ekfgrh f’kodkGkrhy lektO;oLFksr vk<Gwu ;srs-

f’kodkykiwohZ xzkeO;oLFksr orunkjkauk oa’kijaijsus orus fnyh gksrh- [ksM;krhy lekt o

vFkZO;oLFkspk rs vfoHkkT; Hkkx gksrs- ;kiSdh nslkbZ] ns’kdqyd.khZ] ns’kikaMs gs eksBs orunkj gksrs- ;k loZ

orunkjkaph orus lkjkeqDr gksrh- fdaok ukeek= lkjk |kok ykxr gksrk- ;k orunkjkauh vkiY;k gDdkpk

mi;ksx j;rsoj tqywe dj.;klkBh dsysyk dkgh osGsyk fnlwu ;srks- gs orunkj iS’kkP;k o vf/kdkjkP;k

cGkoj lkeF;Z’kkyh >kysys gksrs- R;kaP;k xkokps rs t.kw dkgh jkts gksrs- ;kp lkeF;kZP;k tksjkoj rs

dkgh osGsyk dsafnz; lRrsyk lq/nk ‘kg nsr vlr- R;kaP;k toG vl.kkjs lSU; R;kaph xkokrhy

lkekftd izfr‛Bk jktkpk R;kapkoj vl.kkjk fo’okl vkf.k R;kaP;kdMhy laiRrh ;keqGs rs dks.kkphgh

ijok dfjr ulr- gsp orunkj e/;dkGkr ljnkj cuys gksrs- vkf.k Lora=i.ks okxr gksrs- f’kodkGkrgh

vls orunkj] ljnkj gksrs] T;kauk Lora=i.ks jkgk;ps gksrs- ;ke/;s tqUujps gkaMs] iq.;kps f’krksGs]

f’kokiwjps dksaMs] vackM;kps [kksiMs] okbZps filkG] tkoGhps eksjs] c/kikpsxkops /kkjxs] QyV.kps

fuackGdj] ;kf’kok; ekus] tk/ko] ?kksjiMsa] txnkGs] gsgh orunkjkaps ljnkj >kys gksrs vkf.k Lora= jkgw

bfPNr gksrs- ;kiSdh cÚ;kp orunkjkauh f’kokth egkjktkauk LojkT; LFkkiusP;k osGh fojks/k dsyk gksrk-

R;kapk fojks/k f’kokth egkjktkauh d/kh lkeatL;kus rj d/kh cGkpk okij d:u eksMwu dk<yk- ;klkBh

f’kokth egkjktkauh iz’kklukph vk[k.kh v’kh dsyh dh R;keqGs orunkjkaps iz’kkldh; vf/kdkj deh

>kys- f’kokth egkjktkauh iwohZph pkyr vkysyh orus can dsyh ukghr vFkok dk<wugh ?ksryh ukghr

i.k uO;kus orus ns.ks can dsys- orunkjkauk lkeatL;kauh cksywu R;kauk jks[k jDde nsÅu dkgh

orunkjkaph orus can dsyh] gs orunkj eksB;k x<;k cka/kwu jkgr vkf.k jktkafo:/n caM djhr Eg.kwu

f’kokth egkjktkauh dkgh orunkjkaP;k x<;k ikMwu VkdY;k- orunkjkadMs vl.kkÚ;k lSU;kP;k cGkoj

R;kapk xkodÚ;kaoj opd vls vkf.k rs dkgh osGsyk dsafnz; lRrsyklq/nk ‘kg nsr vlr- Eg.kwup

orunkjkaps lSU; deh >kys- orunkjkadMs vl.kkÚ;k cÚ;kp’kk tehuhaoj ‘ksrlkjk ekQ vls- f’kokth

egkjktkauh gs /kksj.k cnywu oru tehuhaojgh lkjk olwyhps /kksj.k voyafcys- ,o<sp uOgs rj vU;

vf/kdkÚ;kaizek.ks orunkjkapk tek[kpZ rikl.;kl lq:okr dsyh-

vkKki=kpk vH;kl dsY;kl f’kokth egkjktkaps orunkjkacÌyps /kksj.k Li‛V gksrs- ;ke/;s

eq[;r% f’kokth egkjkt Eg.krkr] izpfyr orus pkyw Bsokohr] ijarq orunkjkapk j;rsojhy gDd dk<wu

?;kok- ;kr j;rsphgh dkGth dsysyh fnlrs- uwru o`Rrh nsÅ u;s ;k /kksj.kkyk vuql:u f’kokth

jktkauh vioknkRed mnkgj.ks oxGrk uohu orus fnyh ukghr- myV ijaijkxr orukauk laj{k.k u nsrk

orunkjkaps jktdh; o lkekftd opZLo deh dsysys fnlwu ;srs-

2-3 ljatke

ljdkjh uksdjkauk rs ctkor vlysY;k lsosP;k ekscnY;kr fnysY;k tehuhapk lekos’k

ljatkeke/;s gksrks- jktk jkT;kP;k fnysY;k y‛djh lsospk ekscnyk v’kk izdkjs tfeuhP;k Lo:ikr nsr

vls- loZ tfeuhapk ekyd jktkp vls- izeq[k ljatkenkj R;kaP;k rkC;krhy tfeuhapk dkgh Hkkx

dqGkauk i.k nsr vlr- dqG ;k tfeuh HkqnklkaekQZr dlr vlr- lokZar [kkyP;k LFkkukoj Hkqnkl

vlr vkf.k R;kauk dks.krsgh vf/kdkj uOgrs- ljatkenkjkauk fnY;k tk.kkÚ;k tfeuh nksu izdkjP;k

27

lsokalkBh fnY;k tkr- ,d Eg.kts y‛djh lsok vkf.k nqljh Eg.kts eglwyh olwyhph dk;Zlsok- ;k

vuq‛kaxkus ljatke ‘kkghps nksu izdkj gksrs-

1½ ljatke’kkghps izdkj

ljatke’kkghps jktdh; vkf.k vkfFkZd vls nksu eq[; izdkj gksrs-

I½ jktdh; %& ljatkekauk tfeuh nsÅu R;k ekscnY;kr ljatkenkjkauk jktdh; vFkok ljdkjh

tckcnkÚ;k ikj ikMkO;k ykxr vlr- ;k izdkjps ljatke eq[; iz/kku] lsukirh] U;k;k/kh’k] v’kk

njckjkrhy eksB;k gq|kojhy vf/kdkÚ;kauk feGr vlr- R;kaP;k ljdkjh dkekP;k ekscnY;kr R;kauk

gtkjks :i;s mRiUu vlysY;k tfeuh ljatke Eg.kwu fnY;k tkr vlr- ;k tfeuhaojhy feG.kkjk

eglwy gkp R;kapk ixkj gksrk-

II½ vkfFkZd %& ts ljdkjh vf/kdkjh vkfFkZd tckcnkÚ;ka’kh fuxMhr lsok nsr vlr R;kauk R;kaP;k

ixkjkiksVh ljatke fnys tkr- ;k ljatke’kkghrhy dqG ljatkenkjkyk jks[k vFkok oLrwaP;k Lo:ikr

ekscnyk nsr vlr-

III½ y‛djh ljatke %& tj jktkus fnysY;k tfeuhps mRiUu lSU; mHkkj.khlkBh vFkok lSU;kaP;k

jk[k.khlkBh fnY;k vlrhy rj R;kauk y‛djh ljatke Eg.kr vlr- ;ke/;s nksu izdkj gksrs- ^QkSt

ljatke* vkf.k ^tkr ljatke* lSU; ckGx.;klkBh fdaok fdY;kP;k j{k.kklkBh fnysY;k tfeuhyk QkSt

ljatke Eg.kr vlr- ,[kk|k ?kjk.;kyk izfr‛BslkBh tfeu fnyh rj R;kyk tkr ljatke Eg.kr vlr-

ljatkenkj y‛dj mHkk:u rs jk[kr vlr- ;k lSU;kph jktkyk enr gksr vls- y‛djh enrhcjkscjp

ljatkenkj vkikiY;k izns’kkrhy eqydh dkjHkkjgh ikgr vlr- ;kiSdh dkgh ljatkenkj ,dkp osGh

nksu vFkok frUgh izdkjkrhy dkesgh djhr vlr-

ljatkenkjhps nks‛k

f’kokth egkjktkauh ljatkenkjh can dsyh- dkj.k y‛djkr ljatke’kkghpk Lohdkj dsyk rj

R;kps dk; ifj.kke gksrhy gs f’kokth egkjktkaP;k y{kkr vkys gksrs- dkGkcjkscj ljatke vkG’kh o

pSuh gksrkr] lSU;koj R;kapkp gqdwe pkyrks vkf.k jkT;koj ladV vkys rj] ,suosGh rs jktkP;k enrhyk

/kkowu ;srhy ;kph dkgh [kk=h ulrs- d/kh d/kh rs jktkP;k fo:/n gh tkrkr- ljatkenkj o R;kaps

okjlnkj drZO;’kwU; o drZcxkjghu cuw ykxrkr- vkf.k j;rsoj vR;kpkjgh d: ykxrkr gh

ljatke’kkghph okbZV oSf’k‛V;s gksrh- Eg.kwu f’kokth egkjktkauh ljatke’kkgh i/nrhpk iw.kZi.ks R;kx dsyk

gksrk-

laHkkth egkjktkaP;k nqnsZoh e`R;wuarj jkT;kP;k j{k.kklkBh jktkjke egkjktkauh ljatke ns.;kps

/kksj.k Lohdkjys- ‘kkgw egkjktkauhgh ts iq<s pkyw Bsoys- ljatke’kghph dkgh oSf’k‛V~;s iq<hyizek.ks

vk<Grkr-

ljatkenkjhph oSf’k‛V~;s %

1- Tkkrh vk/kkjhr ljatke

Tkkrh vk/kkjhr ljatke gs eq[;r% mPpo.khZ; tkrhrhy yksdkaukp feGr vlr Eg.kts

mPpo.khZ; yksd gs ljatkenkj cuys rj [kkyP;k oxkZrhy yksd dsoG d‛Vdjh o Hkwnkl cuys-

2- dqG o Hkwnklkaps ‘kks‛k.k

ljatkenkjh i/nr gh Js.khc/n i/nr gksrh- ;krhy mrjaMhe/;s lokZr [kkyP;k Lrjkoj vl.kkÚ;k xjhc

dqGkaps o Hkwnklkps vkfFkZd ‘kks‛k.k gksr gksrs-

3- ljatkenkjkadMs lRrk

28

ljatke gs ea=h] lsukirh] U;k;k/kh’k v’kk njkckjkrhy mPp vf/kdkÚ;kdMs gksrs- rlsp eksBeksBs

vf/kdkjh ljatkenkj gksrs- gs ljatkenkj y‛djh] jktdh; o vkfFkZdn`‛V~;k lcG >kys o vizR;{kfjR;k

lRrk miHkksxw ykxys-

4- N=irhaps vf/kdkj

ljatkekph fu;qDrh dj.;kps vf/kdkj N=irhadMs gksrs- rlsp fnysY;k ljatkeake/;s cny dj.ks]

ljatkenkjkus voKk dsY;kl ljatkekph tIrh dj.ks] ljatkekcn~ny dkgh okn fuekZ.k >kY;kl

ljatkekph okV.kh dj.ks ;kps vf/kdkj N=irhadMs gksrs-

5- Oka’k ijaijsps rRo

ljatkenkj i/nrhe/;s oa’kijaijkxr ljatke ns.;kph i/nr fLodk#u oa’kijaijsps rRo

Lohdkj.;kr vkys-

2-4- eulc

eulc gk ewGpk vjch ‘kCn vkgs- eulc pk vFkZ LFkku fdaok gqn~nk vlk gksrks- eq?ky dkGkr

jkT;krh ukxjh fdaok y‛djh uksdjkaP;k gq|kps] izfr‛Bsps eksteki eulcho#u gksr gksrs- eulc /kkj.k

dj.kkjk fdaok T;kP;kdMs eulc vkgs v’kk vf/kdkÚ;kyk eulcnkj vls Eg.kr- ewGph gh ladYiuk

if’kZ;u vkgs- Hkkjrke/;s eq?ky dky[kaMkr o fo’ks‛kr% vdcjkP;k dkGkr eulcnkjh i/nr loZ O;kid

dsyh- eulcnkjkpk gq|k] R;kps njckjkrhy LFkku] jktnjckjkrhy R;kps dk;Z gs loZ fuf’pr dsysys

gksr- FkksMD;kr eulcnkj Eg.kts ‘kkgh lsusrhy mPpin xzg.k dj.kkjk vf/kdkjh oxZ- eulcnkjh

i/nrhe/;s eqydh vkf.k y‛djh lsok ;ke/;s Qjd dsyk tkr uOgrk-

1- eulcnkj i/nrhpk vk<kok

1- eulcnkjkpk ntkZ

eulc 10 iklwu 10 gtkjki;Zar fnyh tkr gksrh- ;k la[;suqlkj eulcnkjkpk ntkZ Bjr gksrk-

2- eulcnkjkps osru

eulcnkjkauk o‛kkZps osru fnys tkr gksrs- gs osru R;kP;k eulchP;k Eg.kts fdrh lSU; vkgs

;kP;kuqlkj Bjfoys tkr gksrs-

3- eulcnkjkpk [kpZ

jktkdMwu feGkysY;k osrukrwu eulcnkj lSU;kpk ixkj o lSU;O;oLFkspk brj [kpZ djhr vls- i.k

gk [kpZ d#ugh eksBh jDde f’kYyd jkgr vls-

4- ;q/nkpsosGh enr

jktkyk ;q/n dj.;kps osGh eulcnkjkadMhy lSU; miyC/k gksr gksrs- jktkus izR;{k lSU; u ckGxrk

eksBs lSU; ;k i/nrheqGs miyC/k gksr gksrs- vdcjkP;k dkGkr vls lqekjs rhu yk[kkis{kk vf/kd lSU;

miyC/k gksrs-

5- eqydh o y‛djh lsok

izR;sd eulcnkjkyk lSU; ckGxwu ;q/nkps osGh rs miyC/k d#u |kos ykxr- njckjkr lokZauk

eulc fnyh tkr gksrh- U;k;k/kh’k oxGrk lokZauk ;q/nkoj tkos ykxr gksrs-

6- oa’kijaijk ukgh

eulcnkjh gh R;k O;Drhph ;ksX;rk ikgwup fnyh tkr vls- oa’kijaijkxr eulcnkjh ns.;kph

i/nr uOgrh- R;keqGs oMhy o eqyxk nks?ksgh eulcnkj vlw ‘kdr fdaok nks?kkaiSdh ,dt.k gh

eulcnkj vls-

29

7- pSuh o foyklh eulcnkj

eulcnkjkdMs lSU;klkBh [kpZ d#ugh eksBh jDde f’kYyd jkgr gksrh- f’kok; eulcnkjh oa’kijaijkxr

ulY;ku s gh f’kYyd jDde ljdkj tek gksr vls- Eg.kwu gh jDde [kpZ dj.;kdMs eulcnkjkapk

dy jkgr vls- R;keqGs eulcnkj pSuh o foyklh cuys gksrs-

8- lSU;kph fu‛Bk

lSU;kP;k fu‛Bk jktkizrh u jkgrk eulcnkjklkBh jkgr vlr gk eksBk nq‛ifj.kke eulcnkjh

i/nrhpk gksrk-

9- eq?kykapk lkezkT;foLrkj

eulcnkjh i/nrheqGs eq?kykaP;k lkezkT;foLrkjkyk eksBkp gkrHkkj ykxyk-

f’kodkyhu eulcnkjh

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k tUekiwohZ vusd ‘kwj ejkBk ?kjk.kh mn;kyk vkyh gksrh- R;kaP;k ‘kwjRokpk]

ijkdzekpk mi;ksx ;sFkhy eqfLye lRrkauk gksr gksrk- eulcnkjh feG.ks gh R;kaP;klkBh vfHkekukph xks‛V

gksrh- ;krp gs ljnkj /kU;rk eku gksrs- f’kokth egkjktkaps vktksck ekyksthjkts gs futke’kkghrhy

eulcnkj gksrs vkf.k vki.k ckn’kkgh eulcnkj vkgksr ;kpk R;kauk vfHkekugh gksrk- gk vfHkeku

rRdkyhu dkxni=karwu fnlrks- y[kqth tk/ko ;kaP;k [kqukuarj ‘kgkth jktsauk ikp gtkjh eulc

feGkyh] i.k ‘kgkth jkts ;ke/;s lek/kkuh uOgrs- FkksMD;kr f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dkGki;Zar eulcnkjh

gksrh i.k ejkBs’kkghr eulcnkjh uOgrh- ejkBs’kkghP;k dkGkrgh vusd ejkBk ljnkj eqfLye

ckn’kgkadM s eulcnkj Eg.kwu pkdjh djhr gksrs- iqjanjP;k rgkpsosGh f’kokth egkjktkadMs eq?kykauh T;k

ekx.;k ekaMY;k R;ke/;s eulcnkjh Lohdkj.;kph ,d ekx.kh gksrh i.k f’kokth egkjktkauh Lor%

eulcnkjh Lohdkjyh ukgh- dkj.k ckn’kgkph eulcnkjh Eg.kts R;kph pkdjh f’kokth egkjktkauk ekU;

uOgrh- i.k R;kauh laHkkth jktsauk iapgtkjh eulcnkjh Lohdkj.;kl ekU;rk fnyh gksrh- ;kp

eulcnkjhP;k vuq‛kaxkus R;kauk laHkkth jktslg vkXkzk ;sFks HksV |koh ykxyh- vFkkZr vkxzk HksVhph vusd

dkj.ks gksrh- gs R;ke/khy ,d dkj.k gksrs-

2-5 tgkxhj

tgkxhj Eg.kts ,d Bjkohd tfeuhpk Hkkx- vkiY;k drZcxkj ljnkjkauk jkT;kP;k lsospk

ekscnyk Eg.kwu gk tfeuhpk Hkkx fdaok izns’k fnyk tkr vls- jkT;kP;k iz’kkldh; xjtsrwu gh i/nrh

fuekZ.k >kyh gksrh- ljnkjkyk fnysyk izns’k Eg.kts tgkfxjh vf.k gh tgkxhj /kkj.k dj.kkjk rks

tgkfxjnkj- ;k izns’kkrhy eglwy tgkxhjnkjkauk feGr vls vkf.k ;k ekscnY;kr rs jkT;kph y‛djh o

eqydh dkefxjh ikj ikMr vlr- gh tgkxhj nsrkuk ‘kD;rks ,dkp fBdk.kph fnyh tkr vls- laiw.kZ

[ksMs fdaok [ksM;kpk dkgh Hkkx fof’k‛V dj] iV~Vh oxSjs tgkxhj Eg.kwu fnY;k tkr vlr- vkiY;k

okV.khpk eglwy] dj] iV~V;k ;kaps mRiUu xksGk dj.;kph O;oLFkk tgkxhjnkjkyk Lor%ykp djkoh

ykxr gksrh- dkGkP;k vks?kkr vlk ekydh gDd vl.kkjk ,d oxZp r;kj >kyk- ygkueksB~;k

tgkfxjnkjkauh vkiY;k Lor%P;k tgkfxjh tfeuhaoj opZLo fuekZ.k dsys- ;k tgkfxjhaP;k j{k.kklkBh

Lor%ps lSU;gh mHks dsys- dsafnz; ‘kklukps dkgh opZLo oxGrk gs tgkxhjnkj Eg.kts t.kw dkgh

vkikiY;k tgkfxjhaps Lora= jkT;drsZp >kys- tgkfxjnkjh i/nr gh e/;;qxhu HkkjrkP;k lektjpsuspsgh

,d oSf’k‛V~; Eg.kwu ikfgyh tkrs- laiw.kZ mRrj Hkkjrkr tgkfxjh i/nr izLFkkfir >kysyh gksrh-

1½ tgkxhjnkjh i/nrhps Lo#i

I½ oa’kijkaijkxr vf/kdkj

30

tgkfxjh gh oa’kijaijkxr ns.;kr vkysyh gksrh- laiw.kZ xkokoj ekydh] lkjk xksGk dj.;kpk

vf/kdkj] dqGkauk dl.;klkBh tfeuh ns.;kpk vf/kdkj tgkfxjnkjkdMs gksrk vkf.k gk vf/kdkj

oa’kijaijkxr gksrk-

II½ iz’kkldh; vf/kdkj

tgkxhjnkjkaP;k rkC;kr vl.kkÚ;k izns’kkrwu tehu eglwy xksGk dj.;kps] ‘kkarrk] lqO;oLFk

jk[k.;kps dke tgkxhjnkj djhr vlr- ,dw.k xkokpk iz’kkldh; dkjHkkj tgkxhjnkjkdMsp vls-

III½ tgkxhjnkjkaoj fu;a=.k

eq?ky dky[kaMkr tgkxhjnkj eksB~;k izek.kkr Lora=rsus okxr gksrs- R;kaP;kdMs vl.kkÚ;k

lSU;kpk mi;ksxgh lRrkfoLrkjklkBh d#u ?ksryk xsyk gksrk- tgkfxjnkjkadMwu ckn’kgk Bjkfod [kaM.kh

olwy djhr- tgkxhjnkj Lora= vlys rjh jktkps R;kaP;koj dkgh va’kh fu; a=.k gksrsp-

2½ f’kodkGkrhy tgkxhjnkjh & eksxy ckn’kgk] vfny’kgk] futke’kgk ;kaP;kdMwu vusd

ejkBk ljnkjkauk tgkfxÚ;k ns.;kr vkY;k gksR;k- LojkT; fufeZrhP;k osGh ejkBh eqyq[kkr vls vusd

tgkfxjnkj gksrs rs vkikiY;k tgkfxjhrhy jktsp >kys gksrs- lksGkO;k ‘krdkP;k v[ksjhyk v’kh ins

Hkw‛ko.kkÚ;k futke’kkghrhy tgkxhjnkjkapk mYys[k cqgjkus eklhj e/;s vkyk vkgs- ijdh; eqlyekukauk

‘kg ns.;klkBh ;sFkkhy LFkkfu; eqlyeku jkT;dR;kZauh ejkB;kaps lgdk;Z ?ksrys gksrs- R;kauk tgkfxÚ;k

nsÅu vkiys jkT; lqjf{kr Bso.;kpk o ok<o.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk gksrk- fttkckbZaps oMhy y[kqth tk/ko

gs futke’kgkdMhy ,d cyk<~; ejkBk tgkxhjnkj gksrs- Hkkslys ?kjk.;krhy ckckth Hkkslys ;kauk

R;kaP;k drZcxkjheqGs nkSaM toGhy isMxkoph tgkxhj feGkysyh gksrh- futke’kgkizek.ksp vkfny’kgkus

ns[khy ejkBk ljnkjkauk tgkxhj fnyh gksrh vls vusd ejkBk ljnkj mn;kyk vkys vkf.k izfl/nh

ikoys- gs ejkBk ljnkj vkikiY;k tgkfxÚ;kae/;s jkts Eg.kwup dke djhr gksrs- ;ke/;s QyV.kps

fuackGdj] tkoGhps panzjko eksjs] >qatkjjko ?kkVxs] bLykeiwjps ekus] eq/kksGps ?kksjiMs] trps MQGs]

dqMkGps lkoar ;kapk lkeos’k gksrks- f’kokthjktkaps oMhy ‘kgkth Hkkslys gs lq/nk vkfny’kgkps

tgkxhjnkj gksrs- R;kaP;kdMs vl.kkjh iq.;kph tgkxhj R;kauh f’kokth egkjktkadMs lksioyh gksrh-

tgkxhjnkj caM[kksj gksrkr gs f’kokth egkjktkauh Lor% ikfgys gksrs- jkT;kpk mxe o

laj{k.kkps ekxZ f’kokth egkjktkauh ckjdkbZus riklys gksrs- ;ko#u R;kaph [kk=h >kkyh gksrh dh jkT;

lqjGhr pkyok;ps vlsy rj tfeuhph ekydh dks.kkdMsgh ns.ks jkT;klkBh ?kkrd Bjrs- Eg.kwu tehu

dks.kkykgh |ko;kph ukgh gk fu;e R;kauah dMdi.kkus vaeykr vk.kyk- dks.kkykgh tgkxhj fnyh ukgh-

T;kauk v’kk tfeuh fnysY;k gksR;k R;k LojkT;krhy tfeuh [kkylk dsY;k- iwohZP;k tgkxhjnkjkauh ts

etcwr okMs] gqMs] dksV] fdYys oxSjs cka/kys gksrs rs f’kokth egkjktkauh ikMwu Vkdys- izR;sd dke

dj.kkÚ;kyk R;kP;k dkekuqlkj jks[k ixkj Bjowu fnyk o rks ixkj osGP;k osGh feG.;kph rjrwn dsyh-

ts tgkxhjnkj LojkT; dk;kZr lkehy >kys- R;kaukgh dsafnz; lRrsP;k fu;a=.kk[kkyh vk.kys- tgkfxjh

i/nrp uke’ks‛k dj.;kpk fu.kZ; f’kokth egkjktkauh ?ksryk gksrk-

2-6 ftf>;k

ftf>;k Eg.kts eqlyeku lkezkT;kr fcxj eqLyhe fganw] f[kz’pu oxSjs /kfeZ;kauk ¼ftEehauk½

lqjf{kr jkgw ns.;kph geh ¼ftEek½ ns.;klkBh ?ksrysyk fof’k‛V dj- fcxj eqlyeku iztsP;k izk.kkaps vkf.k

laiRrhps j{k.k dj.;klkBh gk dj yknyk vlY;kps lkaxwu eqfLye ckn’kgk ;k djkps leFkZu djhr

gksrs- izR;{kkr ek= bLyke /keZ Lohdkjk vU;Fkk ftf>;k dj Hkjk vlk ckn’kgkpk naMdp gksrk-

vkiY;k /kekZus lkafxrY;ko#u vki.k gk dj olwy djhr vkgksr vlsgh ckn’kgk lkaxr vls- okLrfod

31

ikgrk ftf>;k djkps vfLrRo dqjk.kkr fdaok T;k dkGkr bLykepk ‘kq/n ijaijk loaf/kZr gksr gksrk R;k

vkjaHkhP;k dkGkr dksBsgh vk<Gr ukgh-

1½ ftf>;kph ik’oZHkweh

bLykeh dk;|kr fcxj bLykeh iztsps nksu izdkj lkafxrys vkgsr- eqfrZiwtspk voyac

dj.kkjk /keZ eku.kkjs vkf.k xzaFkiwtspk voyac dj.kkjk /keZ eku.kkjs] ewfrZiwtdkae/;s fganw /kehZ;kapk

lekos’k gksrk rj xzaFkiwtdkae/;s f[kz’pu] T;w] ikj’kh ;kalkj[;k /kehZ;kapk lekos’k gksrk- R;k /kekZP;k

vuq;k;kauk ftEeh EgVys tkr gksrs- ftEehdMwu ftf>;k dj olwy dsyk tkok v’kh /kekZKk gksrh- i.k

ftEeh yksdkauh bLyke /kekZps loZ dk;ns ikG.;kps ekU; dsys rj R;kauk ftf>;k dj ekQ dsyk tkr

vls- eqfLye jkT;drsZ eqfLye izns’k lksMwu vU; izns’kkr jkT; d# ykxys rsOgk /kekZus ekU; dsysyk

tdkr gk dj eqfLye /kfeZ;kauk |kok ykxr vls- gk dj QDr /kkfeZd Lo#ikpkp dj gksrk- ;k djk}kjs

tek >kysY;k iS’kkrwu nku/keZ o /kkfeZd ckch dsY;k tkr i.k jkT;krhy fcxj eqfLye tursdMwugh dj

?ksryk tkok ;k mn~ns’kkus ftf>;kph olwyh lq# dsyh- eksxy dkGkr ckn’kgk vdcj ;kus dkgh

dkGklkBh gk dj jn~n dsyk gksrk i.k ‘kgktgkuP;k dkGkr gk dj iqUgk lq# >kyk-

2½ f’kodkGkrhy ftf>;k dj vkdkj.kh

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k LojkT; LFkkiusP;k gkypkyh pkyw vlrkukpk mRrjsdMs vkSjaxtsckus

ckn’kgkps r[r dkcht dsys- vkSjaxtsc /kekZps dkVsdksji.ks ikyu dj.kkjk ckn’kgk gksrk- 2 ,fizy

1679 jksth ,d QekZu tkjh d#u vkSjaxtsckus xSjeqfLyekaoj ftf>;k gk dj cloyk- QekZukr R;kus

EgVys gksrs dh] bLykepk izlkj dj.ks vkf.k bLykefojks/kh pkyw vlysY;k izFkk u‛V dj.ks gk ftf>;k

djkekxpk gsrw vkgs- gk dj T;kP;koj ykoyk vkgs R;kus rks Lor% vf/kdkÚ;kdMs usÅu fnyk ikfgts-

deh mRiUukP;k fganwukgh vf/kd izek.kkr ftf>;k dj Hkjkok ykxr gksrk- gsrw gk gksrk dh xjhc fganw

tj dj nsÅ ‘kdyk ukgh rj R;kyk ukbyktkus bLyke /keZ Lohdkjk;yk Hkkx ikMrk ;sr gksrs- dj

Hkjrk u vkY;kus vusd xjhc fganwwauh /kekZarj dsys gksrs- fganw egkf/kirhauk lq/nk gk dj |kok ykxr gksrk-

vkSjaxtsckP;k ftf>;k dj olwyhyk m?kMi.ks vkOgku ns.;kps /kkMl fj>k ;kauh nk[koys gksrs- R;kauh

ckn’kgkyk i= ikBowu R;k ftf>;k dj ykn.;kps R;kps d`R; fdrh nq‛Vi.kkps vkgs gs Li‛Vi.ks uewn

dsys gksrs- ftf>;k dj olwyhcn~ny vkSjaxtsckph dMd ‘kCnkr fuankgh dsyh gksrh- ijarq ;kpk

vkSjaxtsckoj dkgh ifj.kke >kyk ukgh- jktk j?kqukFk] fe>kZ jkts t;flag vkf.k egkjk.kk tloarflag gs

eq?ky njckjkrhy cyk<~; ljnkj g;kr vlsi;Zar vkSjaxtsckus ftf>;k dj yknyk ukgh- ijarq ;k

fr?kkaP;k e`R;wuarj Eg.kts 1679 e/;s ftf>;k fo‛k;h QekZu dk<ys- vFkkZr vkSjaxtsckP;k ;k /kksj.kkyk

N=irh f’kokth egkjkt vkf.k esokMpk jktk jktflag ;kauh dMkMwu fojks/k dsyk vkf.k vkiyk fu‛ks/kgh

O;Dr dsyk- fganwaph eku[kaMuk dj.kkjk] R;kaph NGo.kwd dj.kkjk ftf>;k dj gk Hkkjrkr tknk dj

Eg.kwup yknyk xsyk gksrk-

2-7 xfueh dkok ;q/nra=

xfue gk ewG Qkjlh ‘kCn vkgs- xfue ;kpk vFkZ ‘k=w vlk vkgs- dkok ;kpk vFkZ diV dkjLFkku

vlk vkgs-

1- xfuek dkok vFkZ

xfueh dkok gh ,d ;q/nfurh vkgs- ejkB~;kauh LojkT; fufeZrhP;k osGh ts ;q/nra= okijys

R;kyk xfueh dkok vFkok xqfjyk okWj vls Eg.krkr- xfueh dkok Eg.kts ikBiqjh y<kbZ] ;ke/;s vxksnj

H;k;yks vls nk[kowu ‘k=wyk ikfBoj ?;k;ps o rks vMp.khP;k tkxsr vkyk vkgs vls ikgwu R;koj

tksjkus myVwu gYyk djk;pk o R;kpk QTtk mMok;pk- leksjkleksj y<kbZ u djrk ;qDrhus] vkMekxkZus

32

‘k=wyk tsj djk;ps- ‘k=w’kh y<rkuk ejkBs ;k ekxkZpk voyac djhr gksrs- xfue Eg.kts ‘k=w- xfuekbZ

Eg.kts ejkBh QkStspk dkok- Eg.ktsp xfueh dkok- ejkBs Eg.kr vkEgh xfueh dkO;kus jkgrks- xfueh

dkok Eg.kts yckMhph ;qDrh- mRrjsdMhy ijdh; vkØed eqlyeku ,rn~ns’kh; ejkB;kauk ‘k=w o

yqVk# letr gksrs- gs xfue T;k izdkjkus y<rkr rks xfueh ;q/nizdkj Eg.kwu vksG[kyk tkÅ ykxyk-

Lor% ejkB~;kauh lq/nk vkiY;k ;q/n i/nrhyk xfueh dkok fdaok ejkBh dkok vls EgVys gksrs- gs

;q/nra= voyacrkuk ejkB~;kauk ,d fof’k‛V i/nrh voyacyh gksrh- ;ke/;s fof’k‛V Mkoisp vk[kwu

‘k=wP;k eqyq[kkoj gYyk dj.ks] R;kph tkGiksG dj.ks] ‘k=wph jln rksM.ks] R;kP;k ;q/nlkfgR;kpk o

brj ekyeRrspk fo/oal dj.ks vls i/nrh ekxZ gksrs-

2- xfueh dkok ;q/nra=kpk voyac

vgenuxjP;k futke’kgkrhy othj efyd vacjP;k dkGkr xfueh dkok ;q/nra=kpk

mYys[k vk<Grks- i.k R;kiwohZgh lqosZ] lkoar v’k dkgh ljnkjkauhgh ;k ;q/nra=kpk voyac dsysyk

gksrk- efyd vacjus futke’kgh eq?ky o vkfny’kghiklwu okpo.;klkBh gs ;q/nra= okijys gksrs-

futke’kkghdMs vxnh deh lSU; gksrs- ijarq eq?ky o vkfny’kkgh R;kekukus cyk<~; gksrh- rsOgk efyd

vacjus yiwu Niwu ‘k=wyk gkuh ikspor =kl nsr] ;q/n d#u futke’kkgh ftoar Bsoyh- ghp i/nr iq<s

‘kgkthjkts o uarj ejkB~;kauh voyacyh-

3- xfueh dkO;kps egRo

1) vkfny’kkgh o eq?ky’kkghP;k cyk<~; lSU;kiq<s vkiyk fuHkko ykx.ks vo?kM vkgs gs f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k y{kkr vkys- FkksM~;k lSU;kP;k enrhus leksjkleksj y<.ks ‘kD; uOgrs ;kph tk.kho R;kauk

gksrh- xfueh dkO;kP;k ;q/nra=kus ejkB~;kauh vusd y<k;k ftadY;k gksR;k-

2) xfueh dkO;kP;k ;q/nra=kpk okij dsY;keqGs lSU;cGkus o vFkZcGkus eksB~;k vl.kkÚ;k ‘k=wauk

ijkHkwr dj.ks ‘kD; >kys-

3) ‘k=woj vpkud gYyk d#u rks lko/k gks.;kiwohZ ejkBk lSU; ijr fQjr vls- v’kk izdkjP;k

;q/nfurheqGs ‘k=wps lSU; Hk;Hkhr >kys- R;kaps euks/kS;Z deh >kys-

4) leksjkleksj y<kbZ dsY;kl vkdzedkaps eksBs uqdlku gksrs i.k rqViqaT;k lk/ku lkexzhfu’kh dsysY;k

;k ;q/nkeqGs ejkB~;kaps dehr deh uqdlku gksÅu vusd fot; feGkys-

5) ejkB~;kapk eqyq[k gk MksaxjkG] taxykauh Hkjysyk vkgs- ;k ifjfLFkrhpk Qk;nkgh xfueh dkok

;q/nra=keqGs mpyrk vkyk-

FkksMD;kr xfueh dkok gk ejkB~;kaP;k ;q/nra=kpk vkRek gksrk- ejkB~;kaps gs ;q/nra=

Hkfo‛;dkGkr tkxfrd Lrjkoj dqrqgykpk o vH;klkpk fo‛k; Bjys- ejkB~;kaP;k loZ ‘k=wafo:/n

ejkB~;kauh ;k ;q/nra=kpk okij dsysyk gksrk- ejkB~;kae/;s LojkT;kph izsj.kk fuekZ.k gksr vlrkuk xfueh

dkok ;q/nra=kus R;kauk vusd fot; feGowu fnys- N=irh f’kokth egkjktkauh xfueh dkok ;k

;q/nra=kpk LojkT; LFkkiuslkBh ;ksX; rks okij d#u ?ksryk- laHkkth egkjktkauh gs ra= vf/kdp fodflr

dsys rj R;koj egkjk.kh rkjkckbZ o ejkBk lsukirh larkth ?kksjiMs] /kukth tk/ko o vekR; jkepanziar

;kauh dGl p<oyk-

33

2-8 egkjk‛Vª /keZ

ejkB~;kaP;k bfrgklkr egkjk‛Vª /keZ ;k ladYiusyk ,d vuU;lk/kkj.k egRokps LFkku vkgs-

f’kokth egkjktkaps LojkT; fuekZ.k dj.;kps vkf.k iq<s ;k LojkT;kps lkezkT;kr #ikarj gks.;kps lkeF;Z

;kp ladYiusus fnys- egkjk‛Vª /keZ ;k ladYiuse/;s egkjk‛Vªhrhy yksdkaps vkpkj&fopkj] laLd`rh]

jkT;O;oLFkk] /kkfeZd fu‛Bk v’kk loZ ckchapk lekos’k gksrks-

1) egkjk‛Vª /keZ ;k ladYiuspk ifgyk mYys[k ljLorh xaxk/kj ;kauh fyfgysY;k xq#pfj= ;k xzaFkkr

vkgs- ;ke/;s egkjk‛Vª /keZ ;k ladYius[kkyh osnkaP;k lkek.`;kapk Lohdkj] J`rh] Lezrh ;kauh

vkKkfiysY;kizek.ks fu;e o ca/kukps ikyu] vkpkj] fopkjkaps ekxZn’kZu ;kapk lekos’k gksrks-

2) ;kuarj egkjk‛Vª /keZ ;k ladYiuspk mYys[k efgdkorhP;k c[kjhe/;s ;srks- ;ke/;s egkjk‛Vª /keZ

dkGkP;k vks?kkr lqVr pkyY;kus R;kps j{k.k dj.;kph tckcnkjh efgdkorhpk jktk uk;dksjko ;kyk

dqyLokfeuhus dsyh vkgs-

3) egkjk‛Vª /keZ ;k ladYiusyk leFkZ jkenkl ;kauh jktdh; vFkZ izkIr d#u fnyk- jkenklLokehauh

egkjk‛Vª /keZ ;k ladYiuspk ifgyk mYys[k f’kokth egkjktkauk fyfgysY;k ,dk i=kr dsyk vkgs vkf.k

R;ke/;s rs Eg.rkr] dsoG f’kokth egkjktkaeqGs egkjk‛Vª /kekZps j{k.k >kys vlwu R;kcn~ny rs f’kokth

egkjktkaps dkSrqdgh djrkr vkf.k /kU;okngh nsrkr- ;kf’kok; jkenkl Lokehauh ts laHkkth egkjktkauk

i= fyfgys R;kr rs Eg.krkr ejkBk frrqdk esGkokok] egkjk‛Vª /keZ ok<okok- egkjk‛Vª /keZ gh R;kosGph

egRokph ladYiuk gksrhp-

4) N=irh ‘kkgw egkjktkauhgh vkiyk pqyrHkkÅ laHkkth futkekyk tkÅu feGkyk rsOgk vkiY;k

jkT;kfo‛k;h fu‛Bk Bso.;klkBh egkjk‛Vª /keZ lksMw u;s v’kh tk.kho d#u nsrkr-

5) jktkjke’kkL=h Hkkxor egkjk‛Vª /kekZfo‛k;h Eg.rkr dh] lrjkO;k ‘krdkr egkjk‛Vª /keZ Eg.kwu th

ladYiuk vfLrRokr vkyh rh Eg.kts Hkkxor /kekZpsps iqu#Tthou vks-

6) bfrgklkpk;Z jktokMs egkjk‛Vª /kekZps i`Fk%dj.k iq<hyizek.ks djrkr- fganw/keZ $ /keZLFkkiuk $

xksczkEg.k izfrikyu $ LojkT; LFkkiuk $ ,dhdj.k $ /kqjhdj.k & egkjk‛Vªkrhy fganw /keZ- R;kaP;k ers

egkjk‛Vª /keZ gk jktdh; mUurhpk ekxZ vkgs] vkf.k ejkBk tkrhps rs vk| drZO; vkgs-

egkjk‛Vª /keZ gh ladYiuk Lora= fganw jkT; LFkki.;kckcr egkjk‛Vªkph drZO;s ;k vFkkZus

okijyh gksrh- f’kokth egkjktkauh LojkT;kP;k LFkkiusiklwup egkjk‛Vª /kekZpk izlkj dsyk gksrk- R;kauh

LojkT;LFkkiusP;k dk;kZyk fojks/k dj.kkÚ;k Lo/kehZ;kapk fu%ikr dsyk rj y‛djh o eqydh lsokae/;s loZ

/kehZ;kauk lekfo‛V d#u ?ksrys- f’kokth egkjktkaps gs loZO;kid /kksj.k Eg.ktsp egkjk‛Vª /kekZps O;kid

Lo#i vkgs- ejkB~;kaP;k Lokra= ;q/nkP;k dky[kaMkr egkjk‛Vª /kekZpk izdV vfo‛dkj fnlrks-

egkjk‛Vª /keZ ;k ladYiusus dk; lk/; dsys rj /kkfeZd lyks[kk fuekZ.k dsyk- ejkB~;kaP;k

Lora= LojkT;kph fufeZrh >kyh- uSfrd o vk/;kfRed mUurh >kyh-

2-9 f’kysnkj

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k lSU;kr ?kksMnGkyk vR;ar egRokps LFkku gksrs- ?kksMnGkr nksu izdkj

gksrs- R;kiSdh ,d Eg.kts f’kysnkj-

1- f’kysnkjkpk vFkZ

f’kysnkjkpk ‘kCn’k% vFkZ toG midj.ks ckGx.kkjk] Lor%pk ?kksMk vkf.k gR;kjs vl.kkjk

lSfud vlk gksrks- cjsp ejkBk ekoGs vkikiys m|ksx O;olk; ikgwu lSU;kr pkdjhlq/nk djhr-

34

R;kaP;kdMs Lor%pk ?kksMk vls vkf.k ijkdze dj.;kph ftn~n vls- vls lSfud f’kysnkj Eg.kwu

vksG[kys tkr- f’kysnkj lMikrG cka/;kps o piG gkypkyh dj.kkjs gksrs-

2- f’ky snkjkps drZO;

pkaxY;k izdkjpk f’kysnkj gk eq[; uk;d vlwu R;kP;k gkrk[kkyhy yksdkaph lsok vkiY;k

ethZizek.ks d#u ?ksr vls- rks ikpiklwu ikp’ksi;Zar ?kksMsLokj vkiY;ktoG ckGxr vls- f’kysnkj

jktkpk dk;eLo#ih uksdj ulwu rks jktk’kh djkj djhr vls- ;q/nkps osGh vkiY;kdMhy Lokj ?ksÅu

y<k;yk ;sr vls- ?kksMs] gR;kjs ;kapk [kpZ f’kysnkj Lor%p djhr vls- f’kysnkjkaP;k lewgkyk iFkd

vls EgVys tkr vls- ;k iFkdkoj ,d ljnkj useyk tkr gksrk- iFkdkP;k [kpkZlkBh tj ljdkjdMwu

jks[k jDde feGkyh rj R;k iFkdkyk bRryk[kh iFkd vls EgVys tkr vls vkf.k v’kk iFkdkP;k

[kpkZlkBh tj izns’k vFkok eqyq[k rksMwu fnyk vlsy rj R;kyk ljatkeh iFkd vls EgVys tkr vls-

izR;sd f’kysnkjkpk ixkj gk R;kpk ?kksMk o gR;kjs ikgwu Bjoyk tkr vls- ,dk f’kysnkjkyk lk/kkj.ki.ks

20 #i;kaiklwu 30 #i;kai;Zar ixkj feGr gksrk vls fnlrs- f’kokth jktkauh f’kysnkj useys i.k

ckjxhjkyk f’kysnkjkis{kkgh tkLr ixkj gksrk- f’kysnkjkus tj ijkdze xktoyk rj R;kyk Lora=fjR;k

cf{kl feGr gksrh- ;ke/;s tgkxhj fdaok ljatkenkjkdMwu tehulq/nk feGr vls-

FkksMD;kr f’kysnkj gs Lora= gksrs- rs ljdkjh ixkjnkj uOgrs- R;kapk ?kksMk o gR;kjs R;kaP;k

Lor%P;k ekydhph gksrh- dkgh dkGkiqjrs rs jktkP;k lSU;kr ;q/nklkBh ;sr vlr vkf.k rso<~;kiqjrk

ixkj ?ksr vlr- ;q/n ulrkuk f’kysnkj vkiyh ‘ksrh o ‘ksrhph dkes djhr vlr vkf.k ;q/nkps osGh

jktkP;k lSU;kr lkehy gksr vlr-

2-10 LojkT;

LojkT; gh ladYiuk dkGkuq#i cnyr xsysyh fnlrs- ;k fBdk.kh f’kodkGkrhy LojkT; gh

ladYiuk ikg.kkj vkgs-

1- LojkT; vFkZ

LojkT; Eg.kts Lor%ps lkoZHkkSe jkT; gk vFkZ fuf’pri.ks y{kkr ;srks- LojkT;kph dkgh

egRokph y{k.ks vkgsr- ;ke/;s yksdkaps j{k.k] lkoZtfud fgr lk/k.ks] dk;|kyk /k#u U;k;nku dj.ks]

ns’kkP;k j{k.kkdfjrk y‛dj o eqydh lsok la?kfVr dj.ks o loZlkekU;r% j;rsP;k dY;k.kkps /kksj.k

vk[k.ks- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k LojkT;kyk jk‛Vªh; /;s; vkf.k fganw ijaijk ;kaP;kdMwu LQwrhZ eGkysyh

fnlrs- f’kokth egkjktkauh T;kyk fganoh LojkT; EgVys vkgs R;k ladYiuse/;s fganwaps Lo;a’kkflr jkT;

gk vFkZ vfHkizsr gksrk- eqlyeku jkT;dR;kZaP;k rkC;krhy fganLFkku] fganw jkT;dR;kZaP;k vf/kiR;k[kkyh

vk.k.ks o fganqirikr’kkghph LFkkiuk dj.ks gk LojkT;kP;k LFkkiusekxpk izeq[k gsrw gksrk- fganoh

LojkT;kpk vFkZ fganwaps vFkok ejkB~;kaps jkT; vlk e;kZfnr uOgrk rj fganqLFkkukrhy yksdkaps vf/kjkT;

v’kk O;kid vFkkZus rks voyafcyk gksrk- Lora= fufeZrhekxph izeq[k izsj.kk gksrh- LojkT;

HkkSxksfydn`‛V~;k ygku gksrs ijarq rs jktdh;n`‛V~;k Lora= o Lo;a’kkflr gksrs- fganw /kehZ;kauk ;k jkT;kr

LokfHkekukus txrk ;sr gksrs-

2- LojkT;kps egRo

LojkT;keqGs fganw /kfeZ;kauk vkiY;k /kekZps ikyu fuHkZ;i.ks djrk ;sÅ ykxys- LojkT;keqGs

j;rsps ‘kk’or thou lqjf{kr >kys- iztsyk dsoG /kkfeZd tkpkrwup uOgs rj orunkj o tgkxhjnkjkaP;k

tkpkrwugh eqDr dj.;kps egRokps dk;Z dsys- f’kokth egkjktkauh LojkT;kph LFkkiuk dsyh vkf.k ,dk

dY;k.kdkjh jktoVhyk lq#okr >kyh- LojkT;ke/;s v‛Viz/kku eaMG] orunkjh i/nrhpk ‘ksoV] j;rsph

tehunkjkaP;k tkpkrwu eqDrrk] O;DrhP;k xq.kkauk egRo] xfueh ;q/nra=] vf/kdkÚ;kauk jks[k ixkj] vkn’kZ

35

dji/nrh] vkn’kZ U;k;i/nrh v’kh oSf’k‛V;s gksrh- N=irh f’kokth egkjktkaps LojkT; gs eq?ky

lRrsiklwu laiw.kZr% Lora= vkf.k lkoZHkkSe vls gksrs- LojkT;kph gh ladYiuk iq<s R;kaR;k oa’ktkauh

Eg.kts laHkkth egkjkt] jktkjke egkjkt] egkjk.kh rkjkckbZ ;kauh pkyoyh i.k is’kO;kaP;k dkGkr

LojkT;kps egRo o oSf’k‛V;s ;kar cny ?kMwu vkys-

2-11 pkSFk @ pkSFkkbZ

pkSFk fdaok pkSFkkbZ gs rRdkyhu jkT;dR;kZaP;k mRiUukps ,d lk/ku gksrs- pkSFkkbZ Eg.kts

jkT;dR;kZyk |koh ykx.kkjh [kaM.khp gksrh-

1- pkSFk vFkZ

LojkT;kckgsjhy izns’kkauh ejkBh QkStsP;k [kpkZlkBh ,danj eglqykpk pkSFkk Hkkx |ko;kpk

R;kyk pkSFkkbZ vls EgVys tkr vls- ;k pkSFkkbZP;k ekscnY;kr R;k izns’kkrhy yksdkauk ejkB;kadMwu

laj{k.k feGr vls-

f’koiwoZdkGkr lq/nk pkSFkkbZ olwy dj.;kph i/nr gksrh- 1579 rs 1616 ;k dkyko/khr

jkeuxjP;k dksGh jktkyk ne.kP;k yksdkauh pkSFkkbZ fnY;kpk mYys[k ;srks- f’kokth egkjktkuh

LojkT;kP;k mRiUukps izeq[k lk/ku Eg.kwu pkSFkkbZpk mi;ksx dsyk- R;kauh ne.k] olbZ gs izkar vkiY;k

rkC;kr vk.kY;kuarj iksrqZxhtkadMs pkSFkkbZph ekx.kh dsyh- iksrqZxhtkauh gh ekx.kh ekU; dsyh gksrh- ;k

pkSFkkbZP;k ekscnY;kr f’kokth egkjktkauh rsFkhy yksdkaP;k laiw.kZ laj{k.kkph geh ?ksryh gksrh- f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k pkSFkkbZP;k /kk sj.kkcn~nyph ekfgrh f’koHkkjre/;s vkysyh vkgs- doh ijekuan fyfgrks dh

f’kokth egkjktkauh gh xks‛V tk.kyh gksrh dh dks.kR;kgh O;Drhyk lSU;kph enr vlY;kf’kok;

R;kP;kdMwu ‘k=wpk ijkHko gks.ks ‘kD; ukgh- Eg.kwu jktkus lrr pkaxys lSU; ckGxwu ‘k=wpk ijkHko

dsyk ikfgts- i.k ;klkBh Hkjiwj iSlk vko’;d vkgs- gk iSlk ‘k=wP;k izns’kkrwugh feGork ;srks-

vlk iSlk feGo.;kpk ekxZ Eg.kts pkSFkkbZ gks;-

,danjhr pkSFkkbZ gk fu;fer Lo:ikpk dj ulwu ,[kk|k izcG jktkus ‘kstkjhy izns’kkrhy

tursdMwu olwy dj.;kpk tknk vf/kdkj vkgs- tnqukFk ljdkj Eg.krkr f’kokth jktkaph pkSFkkbZ

Eg.kts ,d izdkjph [kaM.khp gksrh- R;kaps lSU; rh fu;feri.ks olwy djhr- pkSFkkbZ jks[k jdesP;k

Lo:ikr fdaok opu fpB~BhP;k Lo:ikr olwy djhr- olqyhe/;s brj jkT; fdaok eksxyh izns’k vlk

Qjd djr ulr- j;rsdMwu 1@4 jDde olwy djhr- olwy fnY;kuarj ek= j;rsyk dks.kR;kgh

izdkjpk =kl fnyk tkr uls- myV R;kaps laj{k.k dsys tkr gksrs- i.k olqyhyk fojks/k dsyk rj ek=

rks lDrhus olwy dsyk tkr vls-

vkfny’kgk o dqrqc’kgkP;k izns’kkr f’kokth jktkauk pkSFkkbZpk gDd feGkyk gksrk vkf.k v’kh

gDdkph lungh ns.;kr vkyh gksrh- Eg.kts pkSFkkbZpk gDd gk ,d izdkjpk le>ksrk gksrk- fdaok

izcG vkf.k nqcZG ;kaP;krhy djkjkps R;kyk Lo:I gksrs- FkksMD;kr ejkBk lSU;kdMwu vlqjf{kr v’kk

‘k=wP;k izns’kkrhy yksdkaps ftohr o ekyeRrk ;kaps laj{k.k dsys tkos ;klkBh f’kokth egkjktkaP;k

osGh pkSFk gh ,d izdkjs y‛djh [kaM.kh olwy dsyh tkr gksrh- ;k jdespk mi;ksx LojkT;kP;k

cGdVhlkBh dj.;kr vkyk-

2-12 buke

oru o tgkfxjh ;kaP;kizek.ks buke gs jktkus fnysys c{khl vFkok HksV vlrs vkf.k buke /kkj.k

dj.kkÚ;kyk bukenkj vls EgVys tkrs-

1- buke vFkZ

36

buke gk ewG vjch ‘kCn vkgs- R;kpk vFkZ c{khl vFkok nku vlkgh gksrks- jktlRrsus ,[kk|k

O;Drhyk tehu c{khl fnY;kl R;kyk buke EgVys tkrs- v’kk bukekps nksu izdkj vlrkr- 1½ lunh

buke] 2½ xko fulcr buke- lunh fdaok fnok.k buke gs jktlRrsus lun fdaok QekZuk}kjs fnysys

buke gksrs- v’kk bukek}kjs fnysY;k tfeuhaoj dkgh osGsyk laiw.kZ ‘ksrlkjk ekQ dsyk tkr gksrk rj

dkgh osGk ‘ksrlkÚ;kpk 1@2 fdaok 1@3 fdaok 1@4 Hkkxp bukenkjkyk |kok ykxr gksrk- tj iw.kZ

lkjk eqDr buke ulsy rj olqyhizek.ks R;k bukekyk buke frekbZ] beku] fttkbZ] buke pkSFkkbZ vls

EgVys gksrs-

buke QDr vf/kdkÚ;kaukp fnys tkr gksrs vls ukgh rj izsekiksVh ,[kk|kP;k xjtsiksVh jkT;kP;k

mRre pkdjhiksVh] pkaxY;k dykdkjkyk vlsgh buke fnys tkr gksrs- mnkgj.kkFkZ eqyhyk] cfg.khyk

fnysY;k bukekyk lkMh] pksGh fdaok nw/kHkkr buke Eg.kr gksrs- tj jktk cnyyk rj bukenkj vkiY;k

bukekaps uohu jktkdMwu uwruhdj.k d#u ?ksr vlr- f’kokth egkjktkauh vkfny’kgkpk izns’k

ftadY;kuarj rsFkhy bukes T;k O;DrhadMs gksrh rh r’khp iq<s pkyfo.;kr ;kohr v’kh vkKk f’kokth

egkjktkauh fnyh gksrh-

xko fulcr buke vlk bukekapk nqljk izdkj gksrk- ;k izdkjps buke jktkdMwu fnys tkr

uOgrs rj ,[kk|k dkjkfxjkyk fdaok lsodkyk xkokrhy j;r feGwu fdaok xkokrhy ,[kknh O;Drh

vkiY;k rkC;krhy dkgh tehu buke Eg.kwu nsr gksrs- v’kk buke tfeuhyk xko fulcr buke Eg.kr

gksrs- gh tehu lkjkeqDr tehu vls- bukenkjkus lkjk fnyk ukgh rjh R;keqGs ljdkjps ts uqdlku gksbZ

rs uqdlku xko Hk#u nsr gksrs- v’kk bukekauk fBdk.kkauh csxkjh fdaok nsgkaxh buke vlsgh EgVys vkgs-

jktkyk tlk buke ns.;kpk vf/kdkj gksrk rlk vkgs rs buke pkyw Bso.ks] jn~n dj.ks] tIr

dj.ks ;kpkgh vf/kdkj gksrk- bukenkjkus jkT;k’kh nzksg dsyk rj R;kps buke jn~n gksr vls- orukaph o

bukekaph fodzhlq/nk R;k dkGkr gksr gksrh- buke tfeuhaoj dtZ dk<yh tkr gksrh- buke gs izfr‛Bsps

vlY;kus ‘kD;rks R;kph [kjsnh fodzh gksÅ u;s fdaok dtkZlkBh xgk.k Vkdw u;s v’kh lk/kkj.kr%

fopkjlj.kh gksrh-

2-13 ckjxhj

f’kodkGkr djkpk fopkj djrk ?kksMnG o ik;nG gs egRokps foHkkx gksrs- ;kiSdh ?kksMnGkr f’kysnkj

vkf.k ckjxhj vls nksu izdkjps lSfud gksrs-

1- ckjxhj vFkZ

ckjxhj gk Qkjlh ‘kCn vlwu R;kpk ‘kCn’k% vFkZ vks>s okg.kkjk vlk vkgs- f’kodkGkr

?kksMnGkr vl.kkÚ;k ckjxhjpk vFkZ ek= y‛djkr dke dj.kkjk ekydkdMwu ?kksMk ?ksrysyk lSfud vlk

gksrk- Eg.ktsp jktkP;k lSU;krhy ?kksMsLokj] R;kP;kdMs jktkus fnysyk ?kksMk o gR;kjs gksrh- ckjxhjkyk

ljdkjh uksdjkpk ntkZ gksrk vkf.k R;kyk ixkjgh ljdkjdMwup feGr gksrk-

2- y‛djkrhy ckjxhjkps LFkku

f’kodkyhu ?kksMnGkrhy loksZPp vf/kdkjh ljukScr gk gksrk- ljukScrkP;k injh ikp gtkj

ckjxhj vlk;ps- ejkB~;kaP;k ?kksMnGkph Js.khc/n jpuk gksrh- iapohl ?kksMsLojkoj Eg.kts ckjxhjkaoj ,d

vf/kdjh gksrk rks Eg.kts gokynkj- gokynkjkps cjkscj ,d i[kkh o ukycan vls- ;k ljdkjh ?kksM~;kaP;k

ekxP;k pkSdkoj ljdkjpk f’kDdk ekjyk tkr gksrk- ts.ksd#u ljdkjh ?kksMk vksG[kw ;kok- v’kk ikp

gokynkjkaojhy vf/kdkÚ;kyk tqeysnkj Eg.kr- ngk tqeysnkjkaojhy vf/kdkÚ;kyk lqHksnkj vls uko gksrs-

lqHksnkjkyk 1000 gksu okf‛kZd ixkj gksrk- loZ ?kksMnGkpk izeq[k Eg.kts ljukscr- ljukscrkyk o‛kkZyk

10]000 gksu ixkj gksrk-

37

ckjxhj gs ljdkjh ?kksMsLokj lSfud gksrs- R;kaP;koj jktkpk vf/kd fo’okl gksrk- [kkQh[kkukP;k

uksanhuqlkj f’kokthjktkadMs 10 rs 12 gtkj dPNh vkf.k vjch ?kksMs gksrs- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k

eksfgekae/;s ckjxhjkaph dkefxjh eksykph gksrh-

2-14 ljns’keq[kh

LojkT;ke/khy mRiUukP;k T;k vusd ckch gksR;k R;ke/khy ,d Eg.kts ljns’keq[kh

1- ljns’keq[kh vFkZ

ljns’keq[h gs ,d oru vkgs- fj;klrdkj ljnslkbZ ;kauh ljns’keq[k ;k ‘kCnkpk vFkZ lkaxrkuk

EgVys vkgs dh] iVokjh] ikaMs] xkSMk ;k loZ laKk vkf.k ikVhy dqyd.khZ gh vf/kdkjn’kZd ukos vkgsr-

rlsp nslkbZ gh laKk vkf. ns’keq[k gk vf/kdkj vkgs- ns’keq[kkP;k ojhy vf/kdkÚ;kyk ljns’keq[k Eg.kr

vlr- ns’keq[kkaP;k ns’keq[k rks ljns’keq[k- ljns’keq[kh gs oru vls- ;kpk vFkZ T;kyk ljns’keq[kh

fnyh vkgs R;kus R;kP;k rkC;krhy izns’kkrwu feG.kkÚ;k eglwykiSdh 1@10 brds mRiUu Lor%P;k

[kpkZlkBh BsÅu ?;kos o mjysys 9@10 mRiUu ljdkjkr tek djkos- ljns’keq[kkpk gDd oa’kijaijk

gksrk- ejkB~;kaP;k LojkT;kr ,danj mRiUukpk ,d Hkkx Eg.kwu ljns’keq[khdMs ikfgys tkr gksrs- pkSFkkbZ

vkf.k ljns’keq[kh ;krhy eq[; Qjd Eg.kts pkSFkkbZ- ns’kkP;k dks.kR;kgh Hkkxkrwu olwy dsyh tkr gksrh

rj ljns’keq[kh QDr LojkT;krp olwy djr gksrs-

2- ljns’keq[khph olwyh

ljns’keq[kh olwy dj.;kps dke ljns’keq[k vkiY;k gkrk[kkyP;k vf/kdkÚ;kadMs lksor vls-

gs vf/dkjh tekcanhP;kosGh Eg.kts eglwy fuf’prhP;k osGh gh jDde fuf’pr djhr vlr- gk gDd

olwy djrkuk tqywe] tcjnLrh dsyh tkr uOgrh- ljns’keq[kkapk gDd oa’kijaijk gksrk- f’kokth

egkjktkaukgh gk gDd oa’kijaijsus feGkyk gksrk- lq#okrhyk R;kauk gk gDd lgth feGkyk ukgh rsOgk

f’kokth egkjktkauh gs fl/n dsys dh] ljns’keq[kh oru gs R;kaP;k ?kjk.;kyk dk;eps cgky dsysy oru

vkgs vkf.k Hkkslys ?kjk.;kpk rks [kkl gDd vkgs- R;kauh gs fl/n dj.;kps dkj.k Eg.kts loZ ns’keq[k]

loZ izkarkf/kdkjh o ijx.;kps vf/kdkjh ;kaP;kis{kk ljns’keq[kh Js‛B vkgs vkf.k gh ljns’keq[kh f’kokth

jktkadMs vlY;kus rs ;k lokZais{kk Js‛B vkgsr- lq#okrhyk ljns’keq[kkyk mRiUukP;k ngk VDds fgLlk

|kok v’kh vV gksrh- ;k ekscnY;kr R;kus ljdkjph lsok dj.;kps ca/ku gksrs- i.k LojkT;kr f’kokth

jktkaP;k #ikus ljns’keq[kp jkT;izeq[k >kyk- R;keqGs ;k ladYiuse/;s cny >kyk- LojkT;kizek.ksp

gGwgGw LojkT;kckgsjgh brj izns’kkrwu f’kokth egkjtkauh pkSFk o ljns’keq[kh olwy dj.;kl lq#okr

dsyh- R;keqGs 25 VDds] 10 VDds] 35 VDds mRiUu R;kauk feGw ykxys-

ljns’keq[khpk gk gDd f’kokth egkjkt 1650 iklwu olwy djhr gksrs- eksxykaP;k [kkuns’k

izkarkrwugh f’kokth jktkauh pkSFkkbZ o ljns’keq[khpk gDd 1671 iklwu olwy dsyk- f’kokth egkjktkauh

fotkiwjdMwu 3 yk[k o xksoGdksaM~;kdMwu 5 yk[k ljns’keq[kh ol wy dsyh- ;kf’kok; iksrqZxhtkadMwugh

ljns’keq[khpk gDd olwy dsyk- f’kokth egkjktkauh jkT;kfHk‛ksdkuarj dukZVdoj Lokjh dsyh rsOgk

rsFkhy laLFkkfudkadMwugh pkSFkkbZ o ljns’keq[kh olwy dsyh-

iq<s vBjkO;k ‘krdkr ljns’keq[khP;k ladYiusus ejkB~;kaP;k bfrgklkoj nwjxkeh ifj.kke >kys-

pkSFkkbZ o ljns’keq[kh gs nksu olwy dj.;klkBh ejkB~;kauk vusd ;q/ns djkoh ykxyh i.k ljns’keq[khpk

gDd ek= ‘ksoVi;Zar N=irhaP;k ?kjk.;krhy [kkl gDd Eg.kwu ‘kkchr jkfgyk-

38

ljkoklkBh iz’u %

1- HkDrh ;k ladYiuksph ekfgrh + egkjk‛Vªkrhy HkDrh pGoGhpk vk<kok ?;k-

2- oru ;k ladYiuspk vFkZ lkaxk o ejkBsdkyh xzkeO;oLFkse/;s orunkjkaps egRo Li‛V djk-

3- ljatke i/nrhfo‛k;h ekfgrh fygk-

4- eulcpk vFkZ fygk o ;k i/nrhP;k bfrgklkph ekfgrh fygk-

5- tgkxhj gh ladyiuk Li‛V d#u frph oSf’k‛V~;s fygk-

6- ft>h;k djkfo‛k;h lfoLrj ekfgrh fygk-

7- xfueh dkok ;q/nra= Eg.kts dk;\ ejkB~;kauh ;k ;q/nra=kpk dlk okij dsyk-

8- egkjk‛Vª /keZ gh ladYiuk Li‛V d#u egkjk‛Vª /kekZfo‛k;hpk lfoLrj vk<kok ?;k-

9- f’kysnkj dks.k gksrs\ f’kodkGkrhy f’kysnkji/nrhph ekfgrh |k\

10- LojkT;kpk vFkZ lkaxwu egRo Li‛V djk\

11- pkSFkkbZcn~ny lfoLrj Vhi fygk-

12- f’kodkyhu buke i/nrhps lfoLrj o.kZu djk-

13- ckjxhjpk vFkZ lkaxwu ejkB`;kaP;k y‛djkrhy R;kaps LFkku ;kcn~ny fygk-

14- ljns’keq[kh Eg.kts dk;\ f’kodkGkrhy ljns’keq[khps o.kZu djk\

vf/kd okpuklkBh iqLrds

1- v=s f=a- uk-] xkoxkMk]

2- vkBoys lnkf’ko] f’kokth o f’ko;qx]

3- ns’kikaMs v- ua- (laik-)] vkKki=

4- jko o- nh- (laik-)] vkKki=

5- Kulkarni.A. R., Maharashtra in the Age of Shivaji,

6- Mujumdar R. C. , (Gen. Ed.) The Maratha Supremacy, The History and the culture of

the Indian people, Vol VIII.

39

bfrgkl& ,Q-ok;-ch-,- % f’kokth o f’kodky

izdj.k 3

ejkBh lRrspk mn; o n`<hdj.k

3- 1- LojkT;kph LFkkiuk

3- 1- 1- ’kgkth jkts

3- 1- 2 fttkckbZ

3- 1- 3 rksj.kk] flagxM] pkd.k o iqjanj fdYys dkcht

3- 1- 4 ’kgkth jktsauk dSn

3- 2- f’kokth egkjkt & vkfny’kkgh lac/ak

3- 2- 1- tkoGh izns’kkoj Lokjh

3- 2- 2- vQ>y[kkukph Lokjh

3- 2- 3- fl/nh tkSgjph Lokjh

3- 3- f’kokth egkjkt & eq?ky laca/k

3- 3- 1- ’kkfgLrs[kkukph Lokjh

3- 3- 2- lqjrsph ifgyh yqV

3- 3- 3- fe>kZ jktk t;flaxkph Lokjh

3- 3- 4- f’kokth egkjktkaph vkxzk HksV

3- 3- 5- lqjrsph nqljh yqV

3- 4-f’kokth egkjktkapk jkT;kfHk"ksd

3- 4- 1- jkT;kfHk"ksdkph dkj.ks

3- 4- 2- jkT;kfHk"ksd lksgGk

3- 4- 3- jkT;kfHk"ksdkps egRo

3- 5- dukZVd eksfge

3- 5- 1- dukZVd eksfgesph dkj.ks

3- 5-2- dukZVd eksfge

3- 5- 3- dukZVd eksfgesps egRo

izLrkouk

e/;;qxhu HkkjrkP;k bfrgklkrhy egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk Eg.kwu ejkBh lRrsP;k LFkkiusdMs ikfgys tkrs-

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k usr`Rok[kkyh ,d= ;sÅu ejkB;kauh Lora= jkT; LFkkiu dsys- Lora= jkT; LFkkiusph

lq:okr rksj.kk fdYyk ftadwu dj.;kr vkyh- vkfny’kkgh lRrsP;k mRrjsdMhy iq.ks] lqis] pkd.k o

bankiwj gs izns’k egaen vkfny’kgkus ’kgkth jktsauk tgkfxjh Eg.kwu fnyk gksrk- vkfny’kgkus caxyksj o

vkliklpk izns’kkr vkfny’kkgh lRrspk foLrkj dj.;klkBh ’kgkth jktsauk dukZVdkr ikBoys- 1636

iklwu ’kgkth jktsaP;k iq.ks] lqis] pkd.k o bankiwj ;k izns’kkpk eq[kR;kj Eg.kwu nknksth dksaMnso dkjHkkj

igkr gksrk- b- l- 1642 e/;s caxyksjgwu f’kokth egkjkt o fttkckbZ iq.;kl ijrys- iq.;krhy

40

dk;kZr f’kokth egkjktkauk enr dj.;klkBh ’kgkth jktsaauh vkiY;k fo’oklkrhy dkgh ek.kls ikBoyh

gksrh- ;kfo"k;h lHkkln Eg.krks] ^^rs le;h jkft;kal o"ksZ ckjk gksrh- cjkcj ’kkejko uhydaB Eg.kwu

is’kos d:u fnys o ckGd`".kiar] ukjksiar nhf{krkaps pqyrHkkÅ] eqtqenkj fnys o lksuksiar Mchj o

j?kqukFk cYykG lcuhl ,sls nsÅu nknkthiarkl o jkts ;kafl iq.;kl jokuk dsys-** f’kokth egkjkt

caxyksjgwu iq.;kl vkY;kuarj ckjk ekoG vkiY;k opZLok[kkyh vk.kys- dkUgksth ts/ks] ckth iklydj]

lw;Zjko dkdMs] ;slkth dad] ftok egky] nknkth ujl izHkw] ckiwth eqnxy uÚgsdj ns’kikaMs] rkukth

ekyqljs vls drZRooku O;Drh f’kokth egkjktkalkscr vkys- R;kaP;k leosrp jk;js’ojkP;k lk{khus

LojkT;kPkh ’kiFk f’kokth egkjktkaauh ?ksryh- vf}rh; lkgl vkf.k foy{k.k eqRln~nsfxjhP;k tksjkoj

R;kauh LojkT;LFkkiusdMs okVpky lq: dsyh

3- 1- LojkT;kph LFkkiuk

f’kokth egkjktkauh rRdkyhu eqLyhe lRrka’kh la?k"kZ d:u ejkB;kaps Lora= o lkoZHkkSe jkT;

LFkkiu dsys- ejkBh lRrsP;k LFkkiusl f’kokth egkjktkaP;k drZcxkjhcjkscjp egkjk"Vªkrhy HkkSxksyhd

ifjLFkrh] ,sfrgklhd ijaijk] larkaph dkefxjh] ’kgkth jktsapk izHkko o okjlk gh dkj.ks dkj.khHkwr

BjY;kps fnlwu ;srkr- f’kokth egkjktkapk tUe iq.ks ftYg;krhy tqUuj toGhy f’kousjh fdY;kr

QkYxqu o| r`rh;k] ’kds 1551 Eg.ktsp ’kqdzokj fnukad 19 Qsczqokjh 1630 jksth >kyk- ts/ks

’kdkoyh o f’koHkkjr ;k xzaFkke/;s ojhy rkjh[k fnyh vkgs- ;k rkj[ksl cgqrsd bfrgkldkjkauh ekU;rk

fnyh vkgs- 91 dyeh c[kj] fpV.khl c[kj o f’kofnXoht; ;k xzaFkke/;s oS’kk[k ’kq/n f}rh;k ’kds

1549 gh rkjh[k fnyh vkgs- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dkjfdnhZph vpwd ekfgrh ns.kkÚ;k lHkkln

c[kjhe/;s ek= f’kokth egkjktkaP;k tUekph rkjh[k fnyh ukgh-

3- 1- 1-’kgkth jkts

’kgkth jktsapk tUe 1599 e/;s >kyk- ’kgkth jktsaps ofMy ekyksth gs futke’kkghe/;s

eulcnkj gksrs- ekyksthaph drZRokph ijaijk ’kgkth jktsauh iq<s lq: Bsoyh- 1624 e/;s vgenuxj

toGhy HkkroMh ;sFks >kysY;k la?k"kkZr futke’kkgh lSU;kus eq?ky o vkfny’kkgh ;kaP;k la;qDr l SU;kpk

ijkHko dsyk- ;k y<kbZr ’kgkth jktsauh futke’kkghdMwu eksBk ijkØe xktoyk- i.k iq<s efyd

vacj’kh erHksn >kY;kus ’kgkth jktsauh futke’kkgh lksMwu vkfny’kkghe/;s izos’k dsyk- ’kgkth jktsaps

drZRo y{kkr ?ksÅu nqljk bczkfge vkfny’kgkus R;kauk ^ljy"dj* gk fdrkc fnyk- 1627 e/;s nqljk

bczkfge vkfny’kgkP;k e`R;wuarj vkfny’kkgh njckjkrhy okrkoj.kkl daVkGwu ’kgkth jkts futke’kkghr

vkys- ewrZ>k fu>ke’kgkus fo’okl?kkrkus ’kgkth jktsaps lkljs y[kwth tk/ko ;kauk Bkj dsys- R;keqGs

’kgkth jktsauk futke’kkghr jkg.ks /kksD;kps okVY;kus vkWDVkscj 1630 e/;s rs dkgh dkG eq?kykauk

tkÅu feGkys- eq?ky ckn’kgkus R;kauk ikp gtkjkph eulc fnyh- i.k vkiY;k drZcxkjhl eq?ky

41

lRrsr oko feGr ukgh gs ikgwu ’kgkth jkts futke’kkghr nk[ky >kys- ’kgkth jktsauh futke’kkghrhy

,dk vYio;hu okjlnkjkl 1632 e/;s lqyrku ?kks"khr dsys o Lor% futke’kkghpk othj cuys- i.k

1636 e/;s eq?ky o vkfny’kgk ;kaP;k la;qDr lSU;kiq<s ’kgkth jktsapk fVdko ykxyk ukgh- 1636

e/;s eq?kykauh vgenuxjph futke’kkgh [kkylk dsyh vkf.k ’kgkthjkts vkfny’kkghe/;s nk[ky >kys-

eqgEen vkfny’kgkus ’kgkth jktsauk ckjk gtkjkph eulcnkjh fnyh o ’kgkth jktsadMhy iq.ks] lqis]

pkd.k o bankiwj ;k izns’kkph tgkfxjh dk;e Bsoyh- ;k izns’kkrqup f’kokth egkjktkauh LojkT;

LFkkiusps dk;Z lq: dsys- ,dw.kp ’kgkth jktsauh vkiY;k drZRokus f’kokth egkjktkaP;k LojkT;

LFkkiusph ik’oZHkweh r;kj dsyh-

3- 1-2-fttkckbZ

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k O;DrheRokyk [kÚ;k vFkkZus vkdkj ns.;kps egRoiw.kZ dke fttkckbZauh

dsys- fttkckbZ ;k ’kwj ejkBk ljnkj y[kqth tk/ko ;kaP;k dU;k gksR;k- 1605 e/;s ’kgkth jktsa’kh

R;kapk fookg >kyk- ’kgkth jktsaps thou /kke/kqehps vlY;keqGs f’kokth egkjktkaP;k laxksiukph iw.kZ

tckcnkjh fttkckbZaoj vkyh- f’kokth egkjkt ckjk o"kkZps gksbZi;Zar fttkckbZ o f’kokth egkjktkaps

okLrO; caxyksjykp gksrs- R;kuarj f’kokth egkjkt o fttkckbZ iq.;kl vkys- f’kokth egkjktkaoj loZ

mRre laLdkj dj.;kps dke fttkckbZauh dsys- R;kaP;k ekxZn’kZuk[kkyhp f’kokth egkjktkauk f’k{k.kkps o

jkT;dkjHkkjkps /kMs feGkys- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k vuqifLFkrhe/;s LojkT;kph laiw.kZ tckcnkjh fttkckbZ

igkr vlr-

3- 1- 3- rksj.kk] flagxM] pkd.k o iqjanj fdYys dkcht

f’kokth egkjktkauh vkiY;k tgkxhjhrhy fdYys ftad.;kps /kksj.k vaxhdkjys- dkj.k ;k

fdY;koj FksV vkfny’kgkps opZLo gksrs- tgkfxjnkjkauk ’kg ns.;klkBh vkfny’kgk vkiY;k fo’oklkrhy

O;Drhaph fu;qDrh fdYysnkj Eg.kwu djr vls- tgkfxjhrhy cGdV o nqxZe fdY;kaps egRo f’kokth

egkjktkauh vpwdi.ks vksG[kys gksrs- tgkfxjhP;k laj{k.kkP;k n`"Vhus o LojkT;LFkkiusP;k n`"Vhus fdY;kaps

egRo vuU;lk/kkj.k gksrs- f’kokth egkjktkauh 1645 e/;s vkfny’kkgh lRrsoj rksj.kk fdYyk ?ksÅu

ifgyk izgkj dsyk- rksj.kk fdY;koj R;kauk xqIr /kukph izkIrh >kyh- ;k /kukpk mi;ksx eqjcnso Mksaxjkoj

jktxM fdYyk cka/k.;klkBh dsyk- iq.;kpk gokynkj ckiqth eqn~xy uÚgsdj vkf.k flagxM fdY;kpk

fdYysnkj fln~nh vacj ;kaP;k’kh Lusg tksMwu R;kauh dksa<k.kk fdYyk rkC;kr ?ksryk- iq.;kiklwu toGp

vlysY;k pkd.k ;sFkhy HkqbZdksV fdY;kpk (laxzkenqxZ) fQjaxksth ujlkG gk fdYysnkj gksrk- f’kokth

egkjktkaauh fQjaxksth ujlkG ;kl vkiysls d:u ?ksrys vkf.k pkd.kP;k fdY;koj opZLo izLFkkihr

dsys- 1648 P;k fnokGhr iqjanjpk fdYyk R;kauh vkiY;k opZLok[kkyh vk.kyk-

42

3- 1- 4- ’kgkth jktsauk dSn

f’kokth egkjktkaauh rksj.kk] dksa<k.kk] iqjanj gs cGdV fdYys ftadwu ?ksÅu vkfny’kkgh lRrsyk

m?kM vkOgku fnys- f’kokth egkjktkaauh fnysys m?kM vkOgku o dukZVdkrhy ’kgkth jktsaaP;k

gkypkyheqGs fotkiwj njckj vLoLFk >kyk- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dkjokbZekxs ’kgkth jktsapk gkr vlkok

vlk la’k; vkfny’kgkyk vkyk- f’kokth egkjktkaauh Lohdkjysys vkØed /kksj.k o ’kgkth jktsaP;k

gkypkyh vki.kkl =klnk;d gksrhy ;kph dYiuk vkfny’kgkyk vkyh- vkfny’kgkus ’kgkth jktsauk

vVd dj.;kpk vkns’k nsrkp tqyS 1648 e/;s eqLrQk[kkukus eq/kksGP;k ckth ?kksjiM;kP;k enrhus

ftathtoG ’kgkth jktsauk vVd dsyh- vkfny’kgkus ’kgkth jktsaph nksUgh eqys f’kokth egkjkt

o laHkkthapk cankscLr dj.;klkBh QRrs[kku o QÚgkn[kku ;kph fu;qDrh dsyh- f’kokth egkjktkauh

QRrs[kkukpk ijkHko dsyk- rj laHkkthus QÚgkn[kkukpk ijkHko dsyk-

QRrs[kkukpk cankscLr dsY;kuarj f’kokth egkjktkauh ’kgkth jktsaP;k lqVdslkBh iz;Ru

lq: dsys- eq?ky ckn’kgk ’kgktgku ;kpk eqyxk eqjkn eq?ky lkezkT;kP;k nf{k.k lqH;kpk lqHksnkj gk srk-

eqjkndMs vkiyk tklwn ikBowu eq?ky ckn’kgkus ’kgkth jktsaP;k lqVdslkBh fotkiwjP;k lqyrkukoj

nMi.k vk.kkos vls lqpfoys- i.k es 1649 e/;s vkfny’kgkus ’kgkth jktsaaph lqVdk dsY;keqGs

eq?kykaaP;k e/;LFkhph xjtp iMyh ukgh- ’kgkth jktsalkj[;k cyk<; ljnkjkl tkLr fnol dSnsr

Bso.ks ;ksX; gks.kkj ukgh ;kph tk.kho vkfny’kgkl >kyh- f’kok; ’kgkth jkts gs vkfny’kgk’kh

,dfu"B vlY;kph tk.kho fotkiwj njckjkrhy ’kgkth jktsaP;k fgrfpardkuh vkfny’kgkl d:u fnyh-

’kgkth jktsaph dSnsrwu eqDrrk d:u vkfny’kgkus R;kauk f[kyr] iwohZph tgkfxjh o egkjkt gk fdrkc

fnyk- ’kgkth jktsaP;k lqVdsP;k ekscnY;kr dksa<k.kk fdYyk o dukZVdkrhy ’kgkth jktsaP;k

opZLok[kkyhy caxywj o danihZ gs fdYys vkfny’kgkl ns.;kph vV ?kky.;kr vkyh gksrh- gh vV

ekU; d:u ofjy fdYys vkfny’kgkP;k Lok/khu dsj.;kr vkys-

3- 2- f’kokth egkjkt & vkfny’kkgh lac/ak

f’kokth egkjktkauh fdYys ftadwu LojkT; LFkkiusdMs okVpky lq: dsY;kuarj vkfny’kgk o

R;kaP;krhy la?k"kZ ok<r xsyk- rks iq<hy ?kVukaP;k vk/kkjs vki.kkl vH;klrk ;sbZy-

3- 2- 1- tkoGh izns’kkoj Lokjh

f’kokth egkjktkaaP;k opZLok[kkyh vlysY;k izns’kkyk ykxwup panzjko eksjsaph tkoGh izns’kkph

(tksj [kksjs) tgkfxjh gksrh- tkoGhpk gk MksaxjkG izns’k vusd nÚ;k[kksÚ;kauh] ?kunkV taxykauh] fgaL=

’okinkauh O;kiysyk gksrk- tkoGh gk nqxZe o vftaD; izns’k gksrk- panzjko eksjs fotkiwjdjkaps fi<htkr

tgkfxjnkj gksrs- toGtoG uÅ fi<;kaiklwu tkoGh izns’kkr R;kauh vkiys oSHko ok<oys gksrs-

43

R;kaP;kdMs toGikl ngk rs ia/kjk gtkj lSU; gksrs- egkM iklwu rs egkcGs’oji;Zarpk Mksaxjh Hkkx o

cgqrka’k lkrkjk ftYgk R;kauh dkcht dsyk gksrk- tkoGhP;k taxye; izns’kkrwu ifjphr o ljkbZr

ek.klkaukgh okV dk<rk ;sr uls- ns’kko:u dksd.kkr tk.kkÚ;k f[kaMh] ?kkV o okVk tkoGhP;k nqxZe

izns’kkrwu tkr gksR;k- vkfny’kgkus gk izns’k 16 O;k ’krdkP;k lq:okrhyk eksjsauk tgkfxjh Eg.kwu fnyk-

R;kpcjkscj eksjsauk ^panzjko* gk fdrkcgh fnyk- eksjs ?kjk.;krhy vf/kdkj:< drkZ iq:"k Lor%yk panzjko

gk fdrkc /kkj.k djr vls- eksjs gs Lor%yk panzxqIr ekS;kZaps oa’kt letr vlr- fotkiwjP;k

vkfny’kgkps ukeek= opZLo ekU; d:u rs lkoZHkkSe lRrk/kh’kkizek.ks okxr vlr- eksjsauh nqxZe o

lqjf{kr letys tk.kkjs tkoGh gs fBdk.k vkiY;k tgkfxjhph jkt/kkuh Eg.kwu fuoMys- fi<;kufi<;k

tkoGh izns’kkoj jkT; d:u R;kauh eksB;k izek.kkr laiRrh teoyh gksrh-

f’koktha egkjktkauh LojkT; LFkkiusP;k dk;kZl lq:okr dsyh rsaOgk nkSyrjko eksjs ;kps tkoGh

izns’kkoj opZLo gksrs- nkSyrjko eksjs 1648 P;k lqekjkl fuiq=hd voLFksr ej.k ikoyk- nkSyrjkokP;k

e`R;wuarj xknhoj dks.k ;kos ;ko:u eksjs ?kjk.;kr ;knohln`’; ifjfLFkrh fuekZ.k >kyh- nkSyrjko

eksjasP;k iRuhus f’korjdj eksjsiSdh ;’koarjkokl nRrd ?ksÅu tgkfxjhpk rkck ?ksryk- eksjs ?kjk.;krhy

dkgh O;Drhauh gs nRrdfo/kku vekU; d:u ;’koarjkokpk tkoGh izns’kkojhy vf/kdkj vekU; dsyk-

f’kokth egkjktkaauh LojkT;dk;kZr ;’koarjkokph enr gksbZy ;k mn~ns’kkus ;’koarjkokl ikfBack fnyk-

f’kokth egkjktkaauh ;’koarjkokl fnysY;k ikfBaC;keqGs tkoGh izns’kkr R;kaps opZLo fuekZ.k gksbZy ;k

fHkrhus okbZ izns’kkr vlysY;k vQ>y[kkukus ;’koarjkokl fojks/k dsyk- f’kokth egkjktkaaP;k

ikfBaC;keqGs lRrsoj vkysY;k ;’koarjkokl ik;mrkj d:u tkoGhP;k izns’kkoj vkfny’kkgh njckjkP;k

orhus nqlÚ;k eksjsaph fu;qDrh dj.;kps fu;kstu vQ>y[kku d: ykxyk- vQ>y[kkukP;k ;k

dkjokbZph ekfgrh ;’koarjkokl >kyh- R;keqGs ;’koarjkokus vQ>y[kkuk’kh tqGowu ?ks.;kpk fu.kZ;

?ksryk- vQ>y[kkukl [kq"k dj.;klkBh f’kokth egkjktkaps vki.k ’k=w vkgksr gs nk[kowu ns.;kpk

;’koarjkokus iz;Ru lq: dsyk- vkiY;k lgdk;kZus panzjko cuysY;k ;’koarjkokpk d`r?ui.kk f’kokth

egkjktkaauk vkoMyk ukgh- LojkT;kpk foLrkj o laj{k.kkP;k n`"Vhus tkoGh izns’k ftad.ks f’kokth

egkjktkauk xjtsps okVr gksrs- vQ>y[kkuk’kh ;’koarjkokus tqGowu ?ksrY;kus o vQ>y[kkukus

;’koarjkokl fnysY;k ikfBaC;keqGs dkgh dkG ’kkar jkg.;kps f’kokth egkjktkaauh Bjoys- 1655 e/;s

dukZVdkrhy vank/kqanh nwj dj.;klkBh vkfny’kgkus vQ>y[kkukyk dudfxjhyk ikBoys- ;k la/khpk

Qk;nk ?ksÅu ;’koarjkokpk cnyk ?ks.;kps f’kokth egkjktkaauh Bjoys-

tkoGh izns’kkojhy Lokjhph dkj.ks

1656 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkaauh tkoGh izns’kkoj Lokjh d:u rks izns’k ftadwu ?ksryk-

R;klkBh iq<hy dkj.ks dkj.khHkwr Bjyh-

44

1- f’kokth egkjktkaauk tkoGh izns’k ftadwu vkiY;k LojkT;kpk foLrkj djk;pk gksrk-

Lolaj{k.kkP;k n`"Vhus tkoGh izns’k vfr’k; mi;qDr gksrk-

2- laiUursP;k n`"Vhus tkoGh izns’k mi;qDr gksrk- gh laiRrh feGowu LojkT;kph frtksjh le`/n

dj.;kpk f’kokth egkjktkapk fopkj gksrk-

3- tkoGh izns’kkr jk;jh gk cGdV o nqxZe fdYyk gksrk- LojkT;kP;k laj{k.kkP;k n`"Vhus jk;jhps

egRo f’kokth egkjktkauk okVr gksrs-

4- ;’koarjko eksjspk d`r?ui.kkgh f’kokth egkjktkaP;k tkoGhojhy vkØe.kkl dkj.khHkwr Bjyk-

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k lgdk;kZeqGsp ;’koarjkokl tkoGhph tgkfxjh feGkyh gksrh- ijarq

vQ>y[kkukus fojks/k djrkp f’kokth egkjktkaaps lgdk;Z fol:u ;’koarjko vQ>y[kkukP;k

i{kkr lkehy >kyk gksrk-

5- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k LojkT;LFkkiusP;k dk;kZr ;’koarjko fo?us vk.kr gksrk- vkfny’kgkus

f’kokth egkjktkapk cankscLr dj.;klkBh ikBoysY;k ckth ’kkejkt ;kl ;’koarjkokus lgk¸;

dsys- ;kpk jkx f’kokth egkjktkauk vkyk gksrk-

6- eqls [kksÚ;krhy xkodqyd.khZ jaxks f=ey okdMs ;kus ,dk fo/kok L=hoj vR;kpkj dsyk gksrk-

f’kokth egkjktkadMwu gks.kkÚ;k dBksj f’k{ksP;k fHkrhus R;kus tkoGh izns’kkpk vkJ; ?ksryk-

vkiY;k izns’kkrhy xqUgsxkjkyk ;’koarjko vkJ; nsrks ;kpk jkx f’kokth egkjktkauk vkyk-

7- ;’koarjkokus f’kokth egkjktkaP;k izns’kkr ?kql[kksjh dsyh- fp[kyhpk ikVhy jketh okMdj

;kpk ikBykx djr ;’koarjkokus f’koktha egkjktkaP;k izns’kkr ?kqlwu jketh okMdjkl Bkj

ekjys-

8- xqatu ekoGpk gScrjko flyhedj ns’keq[k gk f’kokth egkjktkapk i{kikrh gksrk- gScrjkokl

=kl ns.;klkBh ;’koarjkokus xqatu ekoGP;k ns’keq[khckcr okn md:u dk<yk-

ojhy osxosxG;k dkj.kko:u f’kokth egkjkt o ;’koarjko ;kaP;krhy laca/k fc?kMr xsys-

;’koarjkokpk dk;epk cankscLr dsY;kf’kok; i;kZ; ukgh ;kph tk.kho f’kokth egkjktkaauk >kyh-

tkoGhoj vkØe.k

;’koarjko eksjaspk cankscLr dj.;klkBh f’kokth egkjktkaauh y"djh rkdnhpk okij dj.;kps

Bjowu j?kqukFk cYykG] dkUgksth ts/ks] laHkkth dkoth] lw;Zjko dkdMs] lhfyedj ns’keq[k] ckany

ns’keq[k ;kaph fu;qDrh ;k dkeklkBh dsyh- R;kauh ,dkp osGh tkoGh izns’kkoj pkjgh cktwauh gYyk

dsyk- R;keqGs ;’koarjkokph pkaxyhp dksaMh >kyh- ;’koarjko eksjs] izrkijko eksjs] g.kearjko eksjs]

ckcthjkÅ o eqjkjckth ns’kikaMs ;kauh lSU;kyk tksjnkj izfrdkj dsyk- ;ke/;s g.kearjko eksjs ekjyk

xsyk rj izrkijko eksjs fotkiwjkl iGwu xsyk- ;’koarjko eksjs o eqjkjckth ns’kikaMs ;kauh v[ksjpk

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izfrdkj d:u ikfgyk- i.k R;kpkgh mi;ksx >kyk ukgh- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k lSU;kpk izfrdkj dj.ks

vo?kM vkgs ;kph tk.kho ;’koarjkokl >kyh- Lor%pk o vkiY;k eqykapk tho okpo.;klkBh

;’koarjko ckth o d`".kkth ;k nksu eqyklg jk;jh (jk;xM) fdY;koj iGwu xsyk- tkusokjh 1656

e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh tkoGh izns’kkoj opZLo izLFkkihr dsys- ftadysY;k izns’kkph iz’kkldh;

O;oLFkk ykÅu ;k izns’kkpk lqHksnkj Eg.kwu d`".kkth ckckth ;kph fu;qDrh dsyh- ;’koarjkokps iw.kZ

ikfjiR; dsY;kf’kok; ;k izns’kkr ’kkarrk fuekZ.k gks.kkj ukgh gs tk.kwu jk;jh fdY;koj vkJ;kl xsysY;k

;’koarjkokl idM.;klkBh f’kokth egkjktkaP;k lSU;kus jk;jh fdY;kl os<k fnyk- toGikl fru

efgus gk os<k lq: gksrk- fdYyk y<o.ks fnolsafnol vo?kM gksr vlY;kps ikgwu ;’koarjkokus

flyhacdj ns’keq[kkekQZr f’kokth egkjktka’kh laidZ lk/kyk o jk;jh fdYyk es 1656 e/;s R;kaP;k

gokyh dsyk- ;’koarjko eksjsyk f’kokth egkjktkaauh utjdSnsr Bsoys- tkoGh izns’k o jk;jhlkj[kk

cGdV fdYyk vkiY;k gkrwu xsY;kps nq%[k ;’koarjko eksjsyk okVr gksrs- R;keqGs eq/kksGdj ?kksjiM;k’kh

la/kku lk/kwu f’kokth egkjktkaP;k fojks/kkr gkypkyh dj.;kl R;kus lq:okr dsyh- ;kph tk.kho

f’kokth egkjktkl gksrkp R;kauh vkWxLV 1656 e/;s ;’koarjkokyk o R;kP;k nksUgh eqykauk Bkj dsys-

tkoGh fot;kps egRo

ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklkr tkoGh fot;kl egRoiw.kZ LFkku vkgs- LojkT;LFkkiusdMs okVpky

dj.kkÚ;k f’kokth egkjktkaaph jktdh; o y"djh thoukrhy gh ifgyhp eksBh eksfge gksrh- tkoGh

fot;kps egRo iq<hyizek.ks lkaxrk ;sbZy-

1- tkoGhojhy fot;keqGs tkoGhpk le`/n] laiUu o nqxZe izns’k f’kokth egkjktkaaP;k

opZLok[kkyh vkyk-

2- tkoGhojhy fot;keqGs LojkT;kpk foLrkj gksÅu LojkT;kph lhek dksd.k fdukjiV~Vhi;Zar

iksgpyh- dksd.k fdukjiV~Vhojhy baxzt] iksrqZXkht] Mp ;k ijdh; O;kikÚ;ka’kh f’kokth

egkjktkapk laca/k ;s.;kl lq:okr >kyh-

3- tkoGhojhy fot;keqGs y"djh o O;kikjhn`"V;k egRoiw.kZ vlysY;k ?kkVkoj f’kokth egkjktkaps

opZLo izLFkkihr >kys- dksd.kkrwu ns’kkdMs gks.kkÚ;k O;kikj o brj gkypkyhoj fu;a=.k jk[k.ks

R;kauk ’kD; >kys-

4- laiUu tkoGh izns’kkoj eksjs ?kjk.;krhy uÅ fi<;kauh jkT; dsys gksrs- R;kauh tek dsysyh loZ

laiRrh f’kokth egkjktkaaP;k gkrh vkyh- R;keqGs LojkT;kpk [kftuk le`/n >kyk-

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5- tkoGhlkj[kk nqxZe o LojkT;kP;k laj{k.kkP;k n`"Vhus mi;qDr vlysyk izns’k o jk;jh

(jk;xM)panzxM] edjanxM] lksuxM] pkaHkkjxM gs fdYys f’kokth egkjktkaaP;k opZLok[kkyh

vkys-

6- f’kokth egkjktkaaP;k tkoGhojhy fot;keqGs y"djh lkeF;kZr ok<>kyh- ;’koarjko eksjsdMhy

dkgh lSU; R;kauk ;sÅu feGkys- eqjkjckth ns’kikaMs vkiY;k f=acdth] ’kadjth] laHkkth o

egknth ;k pkj ca/kwlg f’kokth egkjktkadMs vkyk-

7- tkoGh izns’kklkj[kk nqxZe] vftaD; o cGdV izns’k panzjko eksjslkj[;k izfrf"Br o ijkØeh

ljnkjkpk ijkHk d:u ftadY;keqGs f’kokth egkjktkaapk ncnck o njkjk ok<yk-

3- 2- 2- vQ>y[kkukph Lokjh

f’kokth egkjktkauh vkfny’kgkP;k opZLok[kkyhy ftadysys fdYys vkf.k tkoGhlkj[kk

ftadysyk laiUu o nqxZe izns’kkeqGs vkfny’kgk o f’kokth egkjkt ;kaP;kr la?k"kZ gks.ks vifjgk;Z Bjys-

1646 iklwu egaen vkfny’kgk vktkjh gksrk- vkfny’kkgh njckjkr fuekZ.k >kysY;k vukxksanhpk

Qk;nk f’kokth egkjktkaauh ?ksÅu LojkT;kpk foLrkj dj.;koj Hkj fnyk gksrk- 1656 e/;s egaen

vkfny’kgkpk e`R;w gksÅu vyh vkfny’kgk uok lqyrku cuyk- R;kyk f’kokth egkjktkaaP;k ok<R;k

dkjok;kauk] ok<R;k lkeF;kZyk vkGk ?kky.ks xjtsps okVw ykxys- f’koktha egkjktkapk cankscLr

dj.;klkBh ,[kknk ijkØeh] cyk<; ljnkj ikBo.ks R;kyk xjtsps okVys- f’kokth egkjktkapk dk;epk

cankscLr dj.;klkBh R;kus vkfny’kkgh njckjkrhy cyk<; ljnkj vQ>y[kku ;kph 1659 e/;s

fu;qDrh dsyh- ;kekxs lqyrkukph vkbZ cMhlkfgck fgph dYiuk gksrh- cMh lkfgck gh egRodka{kh]

drZcxkj] /kksj.kh] jktuhfrTK o dkjLFkkuh L=h gksrh- ’kgkth jktsauk ^vkiY;k eqykl vkojk* vls frus

lkaxhrys gksrs- ’kgkth jktsadMwu vleFkZrk O;Dr >kY;kuarj frus f’kokth egkjktkapk dk;epk cankscLr

dj.;kps Bjoys- f’kokth egkjktkauk lkeksipkjkus] diV d:u idMkos o vkfny’kkgh njckjkr gtj

djkos v’kh ppkZ rsaOgk fotkiwj njckjkr vlY;kps mYys[k baxztkaP;k i=ke/;s lkiMrkr-

vQ>y[kkukph fu;qDrh

vQ>y[kkukph fu;qDrh djrkuk vkfny’kkgh njckjkrhy izlax dlk ?kMyk gs lkaxrkuk lHkkln

Eg.krks] ^cMh lkgsch.k fg.ks dqy othj mejko vny’kkgh cksykowu vk.kwu f’kokthjkft;kofj jokuk

djkos Eg.kksu iqlrk dks.kh dcwy dsys ukgh- vQ>y[kku othj ;k.kh dcwy dsys dh] ^f’kokth dk;?

p<s ?kksfM;kfu’kh ftoar dSn d:u ?ksÅu ;srks* f’kokth egkjkt ’kj.k ;s.;kps ukVd djrhy i.k

R;kaP;koj fo’okl u Bsork dk;epk cankscLr dj.;kph vkKk vyh vkfny’kgkus vQ>y[kkukyk

fnY;kph uksan l¸;n uq:Yykus vkiY;k rkjh[k&b&vyh vkfny’kkghe/; s dsyh vkgs- vQ>y[kkukl

f’kokth egkjktkauk vki.k idMw ’kdrks fdaok Bkj ek: ’kdrks ;kph [kk=h gksrh- rRdkyhu ifjfLFkrhr

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vkfny’kkgh njckjkr ts izcG ljnkj gksrs R;ke/;s vQ>y[kkukpk lekos’k gksrk- vkfny’kkgh

njckjkrhy ’kgkth jktsauk feG.kkjk ekulUeku] njckjkrhy LFkku o ’kgktha jktsaps dr``ZRo R;kyk vkoMr

uOgrs- Eg.kwup vkfny’kgkus dukZVdkr ’kgkth jktsauk dSn dsY;kuarj R;kaP;k ik;kr csM;k ?kkywu

vkfny’kkgh njckjkr vk.k.;kr vQ>y[kkukus iq<kdkj ?ksryk gksrk- dudfxjhP;k y<kbZr laHkkth

ekjys tk.;kl vQ>y[kkukps /kksj.kp dkj.khHkwr Bjys gksrs- f’kokth egkjktkauh panzjko eksjspk ijkHko

d:u tkoGh izns’kkr fuekZ.k dsysys opZLo vQ>y[kkukl vkoMys uOgrs- f’kokth egkjktkauh

dukZVdkr rsjnGi;Zar Lokjh dsyh gksrh- gk izns’k vQ>y[kkukP;k opZLok[kkyh gksrk-

vQ>y[kkukph fu;qDrh dj.;kekxs f’kokth egkjktkaapk dk;epk cankscLr dj.;kpk gsrw

vkfny’kkgh njckjkpk gksrk- rRdkyhu dkxni=ko:u vki.kkyk ;kph dYiuk ;srs- 16 twu 1659

jksth vkfny’kgkus dkUgksth ts/ks ;kl ikBoysY;k QekZukr vkfny’kgk Eg.krks] ^^f’kokthus futke’kkgh

dksd.kkrhy eqlyekukapk mPNsn o ywV d:u fdYys gLrxr dsys] R;kps ikfjiR;klkBh vQ>y[kkukl

jokuk dsys vkgs] rjh R;kl rqEgh lkehy gksÅu f’kokthpk ijkHko d:u fuewZy QM’kk djkok] R;kP;k

yksdkal vkJ; u nsrka Bkj ek:u ;k nkSyrhpsa dY;k.k bfPN.ks-** vkfny’kgkP;k ;k QekZuko:u

vQ>y[kkukP;k Lokjhekxpk gsrw LoPNi.ks fnlwu ;srks- vkfny’kgkdMwu vkysys QekZu dkUgksth ts/ksauh

f’kokth egkjktkauk nk[koys gksrs- rsaOgk ^rqEgh ikr’kkgh gqdwe eksMwu jkfgys Eg.kts orukl vik;s

gksbZy- ftokojh xks"V ;sÅu ladV iMys ;kdjrk rqEghgh tks.k^ vls f’kokth egkjktkauh dkUgksth ts/ksl

lkaxhrys- v’kk vMp.khP;k ifjfLFkrhrgh dkUgksth ts/ksauh f’kokth egkjktkapk i{k ’ksoVi;Zar lksMyk

ukgh- myV ekoG izns’kkrhy ns’keq[kkauk ,d= dj.;kr dkUgksth ts/ksauh egRokph Hkwfedk fuHkkoyh-

dkUgksth ts/ksaizek.ksp f’kfyedj] iklydj] ckany] <ekys] ekj.ks] ejG] Mksgksj b- ns’keq[kgh f’kokth

egkjktkaadMsp jkfgys-

vQ>y[kkukph r;kjh o ekxZ

vkfny’kgkus vQ>y[kkukl f’kokth egkjktkafo:/nP;k eksfgeslkBh dk; fnys gs lkaxrkuk

lHkkln Eg.krks] ^ikn’kkgktknh [kq’kky gksÅu oL=s] vyadkj] gRrh] ?kksMs] nkSyr] btkQk nsÅu

ukaokftd cjkscj mejkr teko ckjk gtkj Lokj] [ksjht ik;nG jokuk dsys-* vQ>y[kkuktoG

12000 Lokj vkf.k 10000 ik;nG gksrs- 70 rs 75 eksB;k rj 300 rs 400 ygku igkMh rksQk

gksR;k- izpaM nk:xksGk] eksB;k izek.kkr [kftuk] gRrh] maV] ?kksMs lkscr fnys gksrs- ;kdwr[kku]

j.knqYyk[kk.k] fln~nh fgyky] eqls[kku] vacj[kku] vadq’k[kku] ckth ?kksjiMs] dY;k.kth tk/ko]

izrkijko eksjs] eackth tk/ko] ukbZdth ika<js] >aq>kjjko ?kkVxs gs ljnkjgh vQ>y[kkuklkscr gksrs- lnj

eksfgesr vQ>y[kkukl dkghgh deh iM.kkj ukgh ;kph dkGth vkfny’kgkus ?ksryh gksrh-

vQ>y[kku okbZl ;sbZi;Zar R;kP;k lSU;kph la[;k iLrhl gtkjki;Zar iksgpyh gksrh-

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laiw.kZ r;kjh >kY;kuarj vQ>y[kku lIVsacj 1659 e/;s okbZl vkyk- vQ>y[kku fganw

/kekZpk dMok fojks/kd vlY;kus izoklknjE;ku ekxkZojhy /keZLFkGkauk minzo ns.;kps /kksj.k R;kus

Lohdkjys gksrs- fotkiwjo:u okbZl ;srkuk tkxkstkxh R;kus vR;kpkj dsys- lHkkln c[kjhe/;s

vQ>y[kkukus rqGtkiwj o ia<jiwj ;sFkhy rhFkZLFkGkauk minzo fnY;kpk mYys[k vkgs- vKkunklkP;k

iksokM;kr vQ>y[kkuku s rqGtkiwj] ek.ksds’oj] djdac] Hkksls] ia<jiwj] ’kaHkwegknso ;k /keZLFkGkauk

minzo fnY;kpk mYys[k vkgs- ;kekxs f’kokth egkjktkauk fMop.;kpk o vkiyh ng’kr fuekZ.k

dj.;kpk R;kpk gsrw gksrk- i.k f’kokth egkjktkaauh vQ>y[kkukP;k ;k dkjok;kdMs tk.khoiwoZd nqyZ{k

dsys- QyV.k toG eyoMh ;sFkhy ctkth ukbZd fuackGdjkyk vQ>y[kkukus idMys o gRrhP;k

ik;k[kkyh ns.;kph r;kjh R;kus lq: dsyh- ;kekxs f’kokth egkjktkauk =kl ns.;kpk R;kpk gsrw gksrk-

dkj.k ctkth ukbZd fuackGdj f’kokth egkjktkapk ukryx gksrk- ’ksoVh ukbZdth jkts ika<js ;kus

e/;LFkh dsyh- lkB gtkj gksukaP;k cnY;kr ctkth ukbZd fuackGdjkph lqVdk dsyh- fotkiwjo:u

vQ>y[kku okbZl ;s.;kps dkj.k Eg.kts f’kokth egkjktkauh vkiyk eqDdke izrkixMkoj gyoyk

gksrk- iq.;krhy eSnkuh izns’kkr vQ>y[kkuk’kh lkeuk dj.ks vo?kM vkgs g s vksG[kwu R;kauh

izrkixMkoj okLrO; dsys- okbZiklwu izrkixMki;ZarP;k vo?kM izns’kkr vQ>y[kkukl xkBwu R;kpk

ijkHko dj.;kps f’kokth egkjktkauh Bjoys- vQ>y[kku ’ksoVh vkiyk ikBykx djr ;k izns’kkr

;s.kkj ;kph tk.kho R;kauk gksrh- y"djh gkypkyhP;k n`"Vhus] lqjf{krrsP;k n`"Vhus o vQ>y[kkukpk

gYyk ijrowu yko.;kP;k n`"Vhus gk izns’k ;ksX; gksrk- okbZP;k izns’kkr tk.;kpk fu.kZ; vQ>y[kkukus

fopkjiwoZd ?ksryk gksrk- okbZ izns’kkpk lqHksnkj Eg.kwu dke dsys vlY;kus ;k izns’kkph [kMk.k[kMk

ekfgrh R;kyk gksrh- tkoGh i zns’kkph ckjhdlkjhd ekfgrh vlysyk izrkijko eksjsgh vQ>y[kkuklkscr

gksrk- vkfny’kgkP;k QekZuko:u ;k Hkkxkrhy vusd ns’keq[k vQ>y[kkukl feGkys gksrs- f’kokth

egkjktkaacjkscjP;k laHkkO; ;q/nkr ;k lokZapk mi;ksx vQ>y[kkukl gks.kkj gksrk-

vQ>y[kku diVh] la’k;h] eRljh vkgs ;kph iw.kZ tk.kho f’kokth egkjktkauk gksrh-

vQ>y[kkukus ’kgkth jktsauk csM;k ?kkywu vkfny’kkgh njckjkr vk.krkuk fnysyh okx.kwd] ca/kw

laHkkthP;k e`R;wl dkj.khHkwr Bjysys vQ>y[kkukps Mkoisp] Hkkslys ?kjk.;kfo"k;h R;kyk okVr

vlysyk eRlj] 1636 e/;s dukZVdkrhy f’kÚ;kpk jktk dLrqjh jaxk ;kyk HksVhl cksykowu dsysyk

nxkQVdk ;k lokZaph ekfgrh f’kokth egkjktkaauk gksrh- R;keqGs vQ>y[kkukfo:/nph r;kjh R;kauh

vR;ar ckjdkbZus dsyh gksrh- okbZyk vkY;kuarj f’kokth egkjktkauk izrkixMko:u [kkyh ;s.;kl Hkkx

ikM.;klkBh o yksdkae/;s ng’kr fuekZ.k dj.;klkBh LojkT;kr /kqekdwG ?kky.;kl o tkGiksG]

yqVkywV dj.;kl vQ>y[kkukus lq:okr dsyh- iq.ks izns’kkr fln~nh fgyky] lqis izns’kkr tk/ko]

f’kjoG izns’kkr ukbZdth ika<js] rGdksd.kkoj lSQ[kku rj lkloMdMs [kjkMs ;kaph jokuxh dsyh- ;k

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izns’kkr ng’kr fuekZ.k dsY;kl f’kokth egkjkt vki.kkl vkiksvkip ’kj.k ;srhy v’kh vQ>y[kkukl

[kk=h gksrh- ijarq vQ>y[kkukP;k ;k dkjok;kadMs f’kokth egkjktkaauh tk.khoiwoZd nqyZ{k dsys-

vQ>y[kkukph HksV o o/k

vQ>y[kkukps lSU; okbZiklwu egkcGs’oji;Zar iljys gksrs- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k izns’kkr

/kqekdwG ?kkrY;kuarj vkiY;k izfrdkjklkBh f’kokth egkjkt eSnkukr mrjrhy gk vQ>y[kkukpk vankt

iw.kZi.ks pqdyk- leksjkleksjP;k y<kbZr dnkfpr vkiyk fVdko ykx.kkj ukgh vls okVwu f’kokth

egkjktkauh vQ>y[kkukP;k fojks/kkr eqRlÌsxhjhpk okij dj.;kps Bjoys- vQ>y[kkukpk LojkT;kP;k

izns’kkr /kqekdwG lq: vlrkuk f’kokth egkjkt vQ>y[kkukfo:/nP;k Mkoispkaph] eksfgesph vk[k.kh

djhr gksrs- vki.k vQ>y[kkukpk izfrdkj u dsY;kl ’ksoVh rks tkoGh izns’kkr ;s.kkj ;kph tk.kho

f’kokth egkjktkauk gksrh- R;kn`"Vhus ekoG izkarkrhy fdY;kaph pks[k O;oLFkk R;kauh dsyh gksrh- vkiys

lSU; R;kauh tkoGh izns’kkr fBdfBdk.kh lTt Bsoys gksrs- f’kokth egkjkt eSnkuh izns’kkr ;sr ukgh gs

ikgwu vQ>y[kkukus R;kaph izR;{k HksV ?ksÅu dkVk dk<.;kps Bjoys- f’kokth egkjktkauk vkiY;k

HksVhlkBh okbZl vk.k.;kpk vQ>y[kkukpk iz;Ru gksrk- R;klkBh vQ>y[kkukus vkiyk odhy

d`".kkth HkkLdj ;kyk f’kokth egkjktkaP;k HksVhlkBh ikBoys- f’kokth egkjktka’kh >kysY;k HksVhr

d`".kkth HkkLdj vQ>y[kkukph Hkwfedk lkaxrkuk Eg.krks] ^^[kkukps lkax.ks vkgs dh rqeps ofMy o

vkEgh ,d ikn’kkghps pkdj- R;kapk o vkepk HkkbZpkjk iqjkru vkgs- rqEgh R;k ikn’kkghrhy mejko

vlksu fdYys] dksV ?ksrys] ’kgjs ekfjrk] ikn’kgkl :tw gksr ukgh----;ktmifj rqEgh ikn’kkgkps vkKsr

ljG pkyys vlrk vkEgh loZ xqUgs ekQ djowu gs eulc lajtke o vk.k[kh fo’ks"k d:u ns.;kpk

ftek vkepk vkgs ;fo’kh ikfgts r’kh [kkrjtek d:u ?;koh vkf.k HksVhl ;kos-** vQ>y[kkukph gh

Hkwfedk ,sdwu f’kokth egkjktkauh d`".kkth HkkLdj ;kP;ktoG ^tls egkjkt rls [kku vki.kkl ofMy

vkgsr- R;kaph HksV vycrk ?ksÅ* vlk fujksi ikBoyk-

f’kokth egkjktkauh vQ>y[kkukP;k HksVhlkBh d`".kkth HkkLdj ;kP;k cjkscjhus vkiyk iarkth

xksihukFk gk gq’kkj o /kksj.kh odhy ikBoyk- vQ>y[kkukl HksVwu R;kpk varLFk gsrw igk.ks]

vQ>y[kkukP;k Nko.khrwu [kjh ekfgrh dk<.ks gh egRokph tckcnkjh iarkth xksihukFk ;kP;koj

lksio.;kr vkyh gksrh- vkiys dkgh xqIrgsjgh vQ>y[kkukP;k Nko.khr ikBowu R;kP;k gsrwfo"k;h

ekfgrh feGoyh- vQ>y[kkuklkscr >kysY;k HksVhr o Nko.khrwu feGkysY;k ekfgrho:u R;kP;k eukr

nxkQVdk dj.;kpk fopkj vkgs vls iarkth xksihukFk ;kus f’kokth egkjktkauk lkaxhrys- R;keqGs

vQ>y[kkukph HksV okbZl tkÅu ?ks.;kps f’kokth egkjktkauh VkGys- ^^,o<;k eksB;k lSU;k’kh

lkeuk dj.;kph rkdn ek÷;kr ukgh] >kysys vijk/k iksVkar ?kkywu [kku thonku nsrhy] rj eh

vkiY;k rkC;krhy loZ eqyw[k lksMwu ns.;kl r;kj vkgs-** vlk fujksi vkiY;k odhykekQZr ikBowu

50

vki.k ?kkcjyks vlY;kps f’kokth egkjktkauh Hkkloys- vQ>y[kkukykp tkoGh izns’kkr ;sÅu

HksV.;kps vkea=.k fnys- ,d osG HksVwu eus tqGY;kuarj vQ>y[kku ftFks HksVk;yk cksykosy rsFks ;sÅu

HksV ?ksÅ vls lkaxhrys- f’kokth egkjkt vki.kkl ?kkcjyk vkgs ;kpk vQ>y[kkukyk [kwip vkuan

>kyk- R;kus jMrksaMhpk ?kkV mr:.k ikjxkouthd Nko.kh fnyh- f’kokth egkjktkauh vkiys lSU;

tkoGhP;k taxye; izns’kkr eksD;kP;k fBdk.kh yiowu Bsoys- iarkth xksihukFk o d`".kkth HkkLdj ;kauh

10 uksOgsacj 1659 okj xq:okj gk HksVhpk fnol Bjoyk- HksV izrkixMkP;k ekphoj nqikjh gksbZy-

nks?kkauh HksVhlkBh l’kL= ;kos- vkiY;klkscr nksuis{kk vf/kd lsod vk.kw u;sr- nks?kkaps izR;sdh ngk

vaxj{kd lSfud ck.kkP;k VII;koj mHks djkosr- nks?kkaps cksy.ks ,dkarkr Ogkos- v’kk i/nrhus nksUgh

cktwaP;k orhus ri’khy Bjo.;kr vkyk- vQ>y[kkukl f’kokth egkjktkauk d/kh HksVsu o vkiyk gsrw

d/kh lk/; gksbZy v’kh ?kkbZ >kyh gksrh- R;keqGs vQ>y[kku xq:okjh yodjp izrkixMkP;k ekphoj

mHkkjysY;k ’kkfe;kukr nk[ky >kyk- vQ>y[kkukus vkiY;k cjkscj nksu gqn~nsdjh o l¸;n caMk gk

/kkjdjh vk.kyk gksrk- vQ>y[kku HksVhr vki.kkl nxk dj.kkj ;kph tk.kho f’kokth egkjktkauk gksrh-

vQ>y[kkukus fo’okl?kkr dsykp rj Lolaj{kkph iw.kZ r;kjh R;kauh dsyh gksrh- mtO;k gkrkr ryokj

o ckghr fcpok] MkO;k gkrkr ok?ku[ks] diM;kaP;k vkre/;s fpy[kr] QsV;kP;k vkr f’kjL=k.k o

dacjsyk ryokj ?ksryh- laHkkth dkoth o ftÅ egky gs nksu gqn~nsdjh lkscr ?ksrys gksrs-

vQ>y[kkuk’kh nksu gkr dj.;kph osG vkyhp rj ;k ’kL=kapk mi;ksx Ogkok gk R;kekxpk mn~ns’k

gksrk- laHkkO; HksVhr vki.kkl nxkQVdk >kykp rj fttkckbZ] vk..kkth nRrks o ckGkth vkoth ;kauk

iq<s dk; djkos ;kph O;oLFkkgh f’kokth egkjktkauh dsyh gksrh- ^vkEgh gh gksM (iSt) vkjafHkyh vkgs-

Jh fl/nhl usbZyp- dnkfpr okdMsgh >kY;kl rqEgh ?kkcjs u gksrk ’k=wl cqMokos] jkT; j{kkos-*

f’kokth egkjkt izrkixMkP;k ekphoj nk[ky >kys- vQ>y[kkuklkscr l¸;n caMk gksrk-

f’kokth egkjktkauh gjdr ?ksrkp l¸;n caMkyk nwj mHks dj.;kr vkys- f’kokth egkjktkauh ’kkfe;kukr

izos’k dsY;kuarj nksUgh cktwaP;k odhykauh rRdkyhu njckjh fjrhjhoktkuqlkj ,desdkaP;k vksG[kh d:u

fnY;k- f’kokth egkjktkauk leksj ikgwu vQ>y[kkukl [kwip vkuan >kyk- f’kokth egkjktkauk vfyaxu

ns.;klkBh R;kus iq<s ljlkÅu gkr iq<s dsys- ladV vkiY;k iq<s mHks vkgs ;kph tk.kho f’kokth

egkjktkauk gksrh- vQ>y[kkukus f’kokth egkjktkauk vkiY;k ckgqik’kkr ?ksrys o R;kaph eku MkO;k

cxysr tksjkr vkoGyh vkf.k mtO;k gkrkus f’kokth egkjktkaP;k MkO;k dq’khr dV;kj [kqilys-

f’kokth egkjktkauh vaxkr fpy[kr ?kkrY;keqGs vQ>y[kkukus dsysyk okj fu"QG Bjyk-

vQ>y[kkukus vkiY;koj okj dsY;kps y{kkr ;srkp f’kokth egkjktkauh piGkbZus vkiY;k gkrkrhy

rh{.k ryokj R;kP;k iksVkr [kqilyh- f’kokth egkjktkauh dsysyk okj ;’kLoh B:u R;kph vkrMh

ckgsj vkyh- f’kokth egkjktkauh vkiY;koj dsysyk okj ;’kLoh >kY;kps ikgwu rks tksjkr vksjMyk

51

^ekfjys! ekfjys! nxk fn/kyk- csxh /kkok* vQ>y[kkukoj okj dsY;kps ikgwu R;kpk ofdy d`".kkth

HkkLdj ;kus f’kokth egkjktkaoj ryokjhpk okj dsyk- ijarq f’kokth egkjktkauh R;kyk Bkj dsys-

vQ>y[kkukP;k fdadkG.;kpk vkokt ,sdw.k R;kps vaxj{kd /kkowu vkys- l¸;n caMk Ros"kkus f’kokth

egkjktkaoj pkywu vkyk- f’kokth egkjktkaoj okj dj.;klkBh mxkjysyk l¸;n caMkpk gkr ftok

egkykus [kka|kiklwu dkiwu dk<yk- vQ>y[kkukP;k Hkks;kauh R;kyk iky[khr ?kkywu ijr tk.;kl

lq:okr dsyh- ijarq laHkkth dkothus Hkks;kauk Bkj d:u vQ>y[kkukps f’kj /kMkosxG s dsys- eksfge

QRrs d:u f’kokth egkjktkaalg laHkkth dkoth o ftok egky izrkixMkoj iksgkspys- f’kokth egkjkt

o vQ>y[kku HksVhr ?kkr dks.kh dsyk gk ,d ppsZpk eqn~nk >kyk vkgs- Qkjlh lk/kuke/;s f’kokth

egkjktkauh vQ>y[kkukpk ?kkr dsyk v’kh ekfgrh vkgs- rj ejkBh lk/kuke/;s vQ>y[kkukus ?kkr

dsyk vls mYys[k vkgsr- cqlkrhuqLlykrhu ;k xzaFkkr] xzWaM MQP;k xzaFkkr o Mp i=O;ogkjke/;s

f’kokth egkjktkauh vQ>y[kkukpk [kwu dsyk vls EgVys vkgs- xzWaV MQus vQ>y[kku o/kkps o.kZu

^tk.kwu cqtwu dsysyk [kwu* vls dsys vkgs- rj lHkkln c[kj o baxzth i=ke/kwu vQ>y[kkukus f’kokth

egkjktkaoj izFke okj dsyk- f’kokth egkjktkauh Lor%P;k j{k.kklkBh vQ>y[kkukl Bkj ekjys v’kh

ekfgrh vkgs- vQ>y[kkukpk fo’okl?kkrdh LoHkko] f’kokth egkjktkafo"k;h R;kyk okV.kkjk }s"k ikgrk

vQ>y[kkukusp f’kokth egkjktkaoj izFke okj dsyk vlyk ikfgts-

f’kokth egkjktkauh dsysY;k fu;kstukuqlkj ejkBk QkSt osxosxG;k Hkkxkr fo[kqjyh gksrh-

usrkth ikydj vkiY;k lSU;klg jMrksaMhP;k ?kkVkoj lTt gksrk- tkoGhrwu okbZdMs tk.kkjs

vQ>y[kkukps lSU; o okbZrhy R;kps lSU; ;kapk cankscLr dj.;kph tckcnkjh usrkth ikydjkdMs

ns.;kr vkyh gksrh- eksjkiar fiaxGs] ’kkejktiar jka>sdj o «;acd HkkLdj ;kauk ikj?kkV o dksd.kkdMhy

cktw lakHkkG.;kps dke ns.;kr vkys gksrs- tkoGhrhy vQ>y[kkukps lSU; izrkixMkdMs vpkud

fu?kkys rj R;kauk vMo.;kph tckcnkjh dkUgksth ts/ks o ckany ns’keq[k ;kaP;koj lksio.;kr vkyh

gksrh- f’kokth egkjktkauh vkiY;k lSU;kP;k dsysY;k fu;kstukpk Qk;nk R;kauk >kyk- izrkixMkoj

iksgkspY;kuarj f’kokth egkjktkauh rksQspk b’kkjrhpk vkokt djrkp laiw.kZ r;kjhfu’kh nMk nsÅu

clysys ejkBk lSU; vQ>y[kkukP;k cslko/k vlysY;k lSU;koj Ros"kkus rqVwu iMys- ejkB;kauh dsysY;k

vpkud gY;keqGs o vQ>y[kkukP;k o/kkP;k ckreheqGs vkfny’kkgh lSU; lSjkoSjk iGr lqVys-

ejkB;kauk izfrdkj dj.;kps lkeF;Zgh R;kaP;kr jkfgys ukgh- usrkth ikydj] dkUgksth ts/ks] ckth

ltsZjkÅ] flyhacdj ns’keq[k] ;slkth dad] eksjksiar fiaxGs] ’kkejktiar jka>sdj] rkukth ekyqljs] dksaMkth

oj[ky] «;acd HkkLdj ;kauh vrqy ijkØe xktoyk- ^’kj.k ;srhy R;kl thnku |kos] O;FkZ jDrikr

d:a u;s* v’kh rkdn f’kokth egkjktkauh vkiY;k lSfudkl fnyh gksrh- vQ>y[kkukpk eqyxk

Qkty[kku o eqls[kku] ;kdqr[kku] glu[kku o vadq’k[kku gs izrkijo eksjsaP;k enrhus dlscls

52

tkoGhckgsj iMys- ;q/nkr dkeh vkysY;k ejkBk lSU;kP;k eqykauk uksdÚ;k fnY;k- [kaMksth [kksiMsl

f’k{kk Eg.kwu R;kpk ,d gkr o ,d ik; rksM.;kr vkyk- ejkB;kapk >kysyk vpkud gYyk o

vQ>y[kkukpk >kysyk o/k ikgwu Lor%dMhy lkfgR; rsFksp Vkdwu vkfny’kkgh lSU; lSjkoSjk iGwu

xsys- ;q/nkr ijkØe xkto.kkÚ;k ejkB;kauk [kkl njckj Hkjowu c{khls ns.;kr vkyh- vQ>y[kkukP;k

o/kkuarj ,dk o"kkZus f’kokth egkjktkauh ,d tkfgjukek dk<wu vQ>y[kkukpk o/k gks.;kvxksnj iq.ks]

lqis] pkd.k] bankiwj o ckjkerh ;k izns’kkr T;k eqLyhekadMs o fganwdMs bukes pkyw gksrh rh r’khp iq<s

lq: Bsoyh-

vQ>y[kku fot;kps egRo o ifj.kke

ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklkr vQ>y[kku ispizlaxkl egRoiw.kZ LFkku vkgs- ;k ispizlaxkps egRo fo"kn

djrkuk lsrqek/kojko ixMh Eg.krkr] ^^egkjk"Vªkps jkT; 10 uksOgsacj 1659 jksth [kÚ;k vFkkZus

vfLrRokr vkys-** dkj.k ;k eksfgesr f’kokthapk ’ksoV >kyk vlrk rj LojkT;koj Qkj eksBs ladV

dkslGys vlrs- vQ>y[kku fot;kps egRo iq<hyizek.ks fo"kn djrk ;sbZy-

1- vkfny’kkgh njckjkrhy cyk<; ljnkj vQ>y[kkukpk o/k dsY;keqGs vkliklP;k izns’kkr

f’kokth egkjktkapk ncnck o njkjk eksB;k izek.kkr ok<yk-

2- f’koktha egkjktkauh feGoysyk gk vHkwriwoZ fot; gksrk- ;k fot;keqGs R;kaP;k vaxHkwr

xq.kkaph] eqRln~nsfxjhph] lsukirhph] vlkekU; usr`Rokph] /khjxaHkhj LoHkkokph] /kkMlkph o

ijkØekph vksG[k yksdkauk >kyh-

3- vQ>y[kkukP;k o/kkeqGs vkfny’kkgh njckjkyk izpaM /kDdk clyk- f’kokth egkjktkapk

cankscLr dlk djkok gk eksBk iz’u R;kaP;kleksj fuekZ.k >kyk-

4- vQ>y[kkuklkj[;k cyk<; ljnkjkpk o/k dsY;keqGs ejkB;kapk vkRefo’okl izpaM eksB;k

izek.kkr ok<yk- vQ>y[kkukP;k o/kkuarj dsoG vkBjk fnolkauh Eg.ktsp 28 uksOgsacj 1659

jksth iUgkG;klkj[kk nqxZe fdYyk ejkB;kauh ftadwu ?ksryk-

5- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k drZRokeqGs izHkkohr >kysys fln~nh fgyky] ika<js] [kjkVs b- vusd ljnkj

f’kokth egkjktkal ;sÅu feGkys- R;keqGs ejkB;kaph y"djh rkdn ok<yh-

6- vQ>y[kku o/kkpk eksxykaukgh /kDdk clyk- Hkfo";kr f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dkjok;kauk

vki.kklgh rksaM n;kos ykxsy ;kph tk.kho R;kauk >kyh-

7- vQ>y[kkukP;k Nko.khrhy rksQ[kkuk] nk:xksGk] tMtokfgj] y"djh lk/kulkexzh ejkB;kaP;k

gkrh vkyh- R;kP;k Nko.khrwu ejkB;kauk 95 gRrh] 70 rksQk] 4000 ?kksMs] 1200 maV]

2000 dkiMkP;k xkBh o ngk yk[k jks[k jDde feGkyh-

3- 2- 3- fl/nh tkSgjph Lokjh

53

cyk<; vkfny’kkgh ljnkj vQ>y[kkukpk dsysyk o/k] vQ>y[kkukP;k o/kkuarj

dsoG vBjk fnolkauh ejkB;kauh ftadysyk iUgkG;klkj[kk cGdV fdYyk o f’kokth egkjktkauh

vkfny’kkgh lRrsfo:/n Lohdkjysys vkØed /kksj.k ;keqGs fotkiwj njckj fparkxzLr cuyk- f’kokth

egkjktkapk dlk cankscLr djk;pk gk eksBk iz’u R;kaP;kleksj fuekZ.k >kyk- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k

vkdzed dkjok;kauk vkGk ?kky.;klkBh o R;kapk cankscLr dj.;klkBh vkfny’kgkus rqaxHknzsP;k dkBh

vlysY;k duwZypk ijkdzeh ijarq caM[kksj o`Rrhpk ljnkj fln~nh tkSgj ;kph fu;qDrh dsyh-

vkfny’kgkus njckj Hkjowu fln~nh tkSgjyk ekukpk maph iks"kk[k o lykcr[kku gk fdrkc nsÅu lUeku

dsyk- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k fo:/nP;k eksfgeslkBh fln~nh tkSgj cjkscj Qkty[kku] HkkbZ[kku] fln~nh

elÅn] ckth ?kksjiMs] lknr[kku] ihM ukbZd] :Lrqetk] cMs[kku ;k ljnkjkaukgh ikBo.;kr vkys-

fln~nh tkSgjcjkscj ia/kjk rs fol gtkj ?kksMnG] iLrhl rs pkGhl gtkj ik;nG gksrs- rksykeksykps

ljnkj o eksBs lSU; ?ksÅu fln~nh tkSgjus f’kokth egkjktkafo:/nph eksfge gkrh ?ksryh- iUgkGk

fdY;koj okLrO;kl vlysY;k f’kokth egkjktkadMs ;kosGh vkB gtkj ik;nG gksrs- fln~nh tkSgjus 2

ekpZ 1660 jksth iUgkGk fdY;kl os<k fnyk- jktkiwjP;k baxzt o[kkjokY;kauh fln~nh tkSgjP;k

enrhlkBh gsUjh jsOghaXVu] fe?kWe] fxQMZ o osyth ;kauk ikBoys- ^^,d rksQ o iUukl rksQxksGs ?ksÅu

jsOghaXVu fe?kWe] fxQMZ o osyth ;klg xsyk** vlk mYys[k 16 ,fizy 1660 P;k ,dk i=ke/;s vkgs-

baxztkapk ckoVk QMdor baxztkauh iUgkGk fdY;koj rksQ Mkxyh- baxztkaP;k ;k dkjok;k rRdkyhu

ifjfLFkrhr igk.;kf’kok; f’kokth egkjkatkaleksj nqljk i;kZ; uOgrk- ;k izns’kkr ikolkG;kr eksB;k

izek.kkr ikÅl iMr vlY;kus 2 ekpZ jksth fln~nh tkSgjus fnysyk os<k ikolkGk lq: gksrkp f<yk

gksbZy vls f’kokth egkjktkauk okVr gksrs- njE;kuP;k dkGkr LojkT;koj vk.k[kh ,d ladV dkslGys-

eq?ky ljnkj ’kkfgLrs[kku izpaM lSU;klg LojkT;koj pkywu vkyk- lksuoMh] lqis] ckjkerh] f’kokiwj]

lkloM o vkliklph xkos m/oLr djr es 1660 e/;s ’kkfgLrs[kku iq.;kr nk[ky >kyk- f’kokth

egkjktkaps ckyi.k xsysY;k yky egkykr ’kkfgLrs[kkukus okLrO; dsys- fln~nh tkSgjpk os<k lq:

vlrkukp eksxykaP;k LojkT;kojhy vkØe.kkeqGs f’kokth egkjkt vf/kdp fparkxzLr >kys- fln~nh

tkSgjpk iUgkG;kpk os<k f’kFkhy dj.;klkBh usrkth ikydjus FksV fotkiwjojp vkØe.k d:u jkt/kkuh

fotkiwje/;s ng’kr fuekZ.k dsyh- i.k ;kpk Qkjlk mi;ksx >kyk ukgh- fln~nh tkSgjus lq;Zjko lwosZ o

tloarjko nGoh ;kauk fo’kkGxMkl os<k n s.;kl lkafxrys- ;k nks?kkauh fo’kkGxMkl os<k fnyk- fln~nh

tkSgjpk iUgkG;kpk os<k o eksxykaps LojkT;kojhy vkØe.k v’kk nqgsjh ladVkr f’kokth egkjkt

lkiMys gksrs- iUgkG;kP;k os<;krwu fulVwu xsY;kf’kok; rj.kksik; ukgh ;kph [kk=h R;kauk >kyh-

iUgkG;ko:u lqVdk

54

vkiY;k n`"Vhus cur tk.kkjh izfrdwy ifjfLFkrh ikgwu f’kokth egkjktkauh twu 1660 e/;s

fln~nh tkSgj’kh rgkps cksy.ks lq: dsys- R;klkBh vkiyk odhy xaxk/kjiar ;kl fln~nh tkSgjdMs

ikBoys- ,dk cktwus fln~nh tkSgj’kh rgkph cksy.kh djk;ph o nqlÚ;k cktwl la/kh feGrkp xMko:u

iyk;u dj.;kps fu;kstu R;kauh dsys- f’kokth egkjktkauh rgkps cksy.ks lq: dsY;keqGs os<;kl

f’kFkhyrk vkyh- xLrokys dkghls csfQdhj >kys- f’kokth egkjktkauh vkiyk odhy xaxk/kjiar ;kP;k

ekQZr ^^vki.k dsysys loZ xqUgs tj ekQ gksrhy o fln~nh tkSgj dks.kR;kgh ladVkrwu ofMyi.ks vkiys

laj{k.k djhy rj vki.k tkrhus fln~nh tkSgjyk HksVw o vkiyh loZ ekyeRrk ckn’kgkP;k ukokus R;kpk

Lok/khu d:** vlk fujksi ikBoyk- f’kokth egkjktka’kh rg gksÅu xM vkiY;k Lok/khu gks.kkj ;k

ckrehus vkfny’kkgh lSU; vkuafnr >kys- ifj.kkeh os<;ke/;s f’kFkhyrk vkyh- ;kpk vpwd Qk;nk

f’kokth egkjktkauh ?ksryk-

tqyS efguk mtkMyk- eqlG/kkj ikÅl tksjnkj dkslGw ykxyk- vkiY;k fuoMd yksdkalg

fln~nh tkSgjP;k os<;krwu lghlyker ckgsj iM.;kps fu;kstu f’kokth egkjktkauh dsys- R;kuqlkj 13

tqyS 1660 okj ’kqdzokj (vk"kk< o| izfrink) jk=h f’kokth egkjkt vkiY;k ,d gtkj ik;nG o

nksu iky[;kalg xMkckgsj iMys- va/kkjh jk=] /kks /kks dkslG.kkjk eqlG/kkj ikÅl] fotkapk dMdMkV]

oknGh gok ;k loZ izfrdqy ifjfLFkrhoj ekr djr f’kokth egkjkt fo’kkGxMkdMs fu?kkys- fln~nh

tkSgj lko/k gksrkp vkiY;k ikBykxkoj ;s.kkj ;kph tk.kho R;kauk gksrh- v’kk izfrdqy ifjfLFkrhr

f’kokth egkjktkauk 40 eSy varj dkiwu fo’kkGxMkoj iksgpk;ps gksrs- varj Qkj uOgrs] ijarq nqFkMh

Hk:u okg.kkjs vks<s] xqM?kkHkj fp[ky rqMor ikj djkos ykxr vl.kkjs varj o vo?kM jLrk ;k lokZaoj

ekr djr vkiY;k fuoMd fo’oklw lgdkÚ;kalg f’kokth egkjktkauh fo’kkGxMkdMs ekxZØe.k lq:

dsys- f’kokth egkjktkauh xMko:u iyk;u dsY;kps y{kkr ;srkp fln~nh tkSgjus vkiyk tkobZ fln~nh

elÅnyk f’kokth egkjktkaP;k ikBykxkoj ikBoys- izlax eksBk vMp.khpk gksrk- xtkiwjP;k

f[kaMhi;Zar f’kokth egkjkt o R;kaps lgdkjh ;sÅu iksgpys- ;sFkwu fo’kkGxM vkB eSykP;k varjkoj

gksrk- fln~nh elÅnps ?kksMnG osxkus R;kapk ikBykx djr gksrs- v’kk dBh.k izlaxh ckthizHkw ns’kikaMs

;kus xtkiwjP;k f[kaMhr fln~nh elÅnps lSU; vMo.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk- f’kokth egkjktkauh

fo’kkGxMkoj iksgpkos o rksQsps b’kkjrhps vkokt djkosr vls Bjo.;kr vkys- ckthizHkw ns’kikaMsP;k

usr`Rok[kkyhy ejkB;kauh ijkØekph f’kdLr dsyh- eksB;k ’kkS;kZus ckthizHkw ns’kikaMsauh xtkiwjph f[kaM

vMowu /kjyh- ejkBs o fln~nh elÅnph QkSt ;kaP;kr rqacG ;q/n lq: >kys- ^^izgj nhM izgj ikosrks

QkSt f[kaM p<ks fn/kyh ukgh-** vls o.kZu 91 dyeh c[kjhr vkgs- njE;kuP;k dkGkr f’kokth

egkjktkauh lw;Zjko lqosZ o tloarjko nGoh ;k vkfny’kkgh ljnkjkauh fo’kkGxMkl fnysyk os<k eksMwu

dk<r fo’kkGxMkoj iksgpys- xMkoj iksgksprkp rksQsP;k b’kkjrhps vkokt nsrkp ckthizHkw ns’kikaMsauh

55

drZO;iwrhZus izk.k lksMys- xtkiwjph gh f[kaM bfrgklkr ikouf[kaM Eg.kwu izfl/n vkgs- fln~nh elÅnus

fo’kkGxMklgh os<k ?kkryk- i.k ejkB;kauh eksB;k ftn~nhus xM y<oyk- ’ksoVh fujk’k gksÅu

fo’kkGxMkpk os<k mBowu rks ijryk- tqyS v[ksj f’kokth egkjkt fo’kkGxMko:u jk;xMkdMs jokuk

>kys- ,dkp osGh vkfny’kgk o eksxy ;kaP;k’kh la?k"kZ udks Eg.kwu f’kokth egkjktkauh fln~nh tkSgj’kh

rg d:u 22 lIVsacj 1660 jksth iUgkGk fdYyk fotkiwjdjkaP;k Lok/khu dsyk- iUgkG;ko:u f’kokth

egkjktkaauk iyk;u d: ns.;kr fln~nh tkSgjpkp gkr vlkok vlk la’k; vkfny’kgkl vkyk-

3- 3- f’kokth egkjkt & eq?ky laca/k

f’kokth egkjktkauh LojkT;LFkkiusdMs okVpky lq: dsY;kuarj lq:okrhl R;kapk

vkfny’kgkcjkscj la?k"kZ >kyk- dkj.k T;k izns’kkr f’kokth egkjktkauh LojkT;LFkkiuk lq: dsyh gksrh rks

izns’k vkfny’kgkpk gksrk- iq<hy dkGkr ek= f’kokth egkjktkapk eq?kyka’khgh la?k"kZ lq: >kyk- 1653

e/;s eksxy ckn’kgk ’kgktgku ;kus vkSjaxtsckph fu;qDrh nf{k.kspk lqHksnkj Eg.kwu dsyh- f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k gkypkyh vki.kklgh =klnk;d gksrhy ;kpk vankt vkSjaxtsckl vkyk gksrk- ,fizy 1657

e/;s tqUuj ’kgjkoj rj twu 1657 e/;s vgenuxj ’kgjkoj gYyk d:u f’kokth egkjktkauh eq?kykauk

pkaxykp /kDdk fnyk- ’kgktgku ckn’kgk vktkjh iMY;kph ckreh vkSjaxtsckl letY;keqGs f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k vkØed dkjok;kl vkGk ?kky.ks vkSjaxtsckl ’kD; >kys ukgh- 5 twu 1659 jksth

vkSjaxtsckus Lor%yk eq?ky lezkV Eg.kwu tkfgj dsys- ;kizlaxh vkiyk odhy ikBowu f’kokth egkjktkauh

vkSjaxtsckps vfHkuan dsys- vkSjaxtsckus eq?ky ckn’kgk >kY;kuarj nf{k.kspk lqHksnkj Eg.kwu ’kkfgLrs[kkukph

fu;qDrh dsyh- f’kokth egkjktkauh dksd.kkr dY;k.k & fHkoaMh Ik;Zar ety ekjY;keqGs vkSjaxtsckyk

f’kokth egkjktkapk cankscLr dj.ks xtjsps okVw ykxys-

3- 3- 1- ’kkfgLrs[kkukph Lokjh

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k vkØed /kksj.kkl ik;can ?kky.;klkBh ’kkfgLrs[kkukph fu;qDrh vkSjaxtsckus

dsyh- ’kkfgLrs[kku gk vkSjaxtsckpk ekek gksrk- eq?ky njckjkrhy ,d cyk<;] ijkØeh o Jhear ljnkj

vlwu vkSjaxtsckP;k fo’oklkrhy lnjkai Sdh ,d gksrk- R;kpcjkscj rks ’kwj lsukirh] vuqHkoh o eqRln~nh

ljnkj gksrk- ’kkfgLrs[kkukoj vkSjaxtsckpk fo’okl o [kkl ethZ gksrh- vkSjaxtsckcjkscjhy ekGO;kP;k

eksfgesrgh R;kus ijkØe xktoyk gksrk- n[[kupk lqHksnkj Eg.kwu R;kus dke dsys vlY;keqGs nf{k.ksrhy

ifjLFkhrhph R;kyk pkaxyhp ekfgrh gksrh- R;keqGs ’kkfgLrs[kku f’kokth egkjktkapk lgt cankscLr djsy

vls vkSjaxtsckl okVr gksrs- ’kkfgLrs[kkukph Lokjh gh eq?ky&ejkBs laca/kkrhy ifgyh egRokph ?kVuk

gksrh- ’kkfgLrs[kkukcjkscj izpaM lSU;klg ’kel[kku iBk.k] yksnh[kku] gkSn[kku] dkexkj[kku]

ukenkj[kku] vCnqy csx] lqyrku fe>kZ] fln~nh QRrs] dkjryc[kku] Qrstax] fd’kksjhflag] Hkkoflag]

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jk;flag f’klksns] ’kkeflag gs ukekafdr ljnkj gksrs- 28 tkusokjh 1660 jksth ’kkfgLrs[kku

vkSjaxkckno:u fu?kkyk- es 1660 e/;s uxjekxsZ ’kkfgLrs[kku iq.;kr nk[ky >kyk- izoklkP;k dkGkr

okVsrhy vusd xkos R;kus csfpjk[k dsyh gksrh-

’kkfgLrs[kkukP;k Lokjhph dkj.ks

1 f’kokth egkjktkauh eq?kykafo:/n vkØed /kksj.kkpk vaxhdkj dsyk gksrk- R;kaP;k ;k vkØed

/kksj.kkyk ik;can ?kky.ks vkSjaxtsckl vko’;d okVr gksrs-

2 f’kokth egkjktkauh cyk<; vkfny’kkgh vQ>y[kkukpk ijkHko dsY;keqGs R;kaP;k lkeF;kZph

dYiuk vkSjaxtsckl vkyh- f’kokth egkjktkaps ok<rs lkeF;Z osGhp jks[k.ks R;kyk vko’;d

okVw ykxys-

3 f’kokth egkjktkauh LojkT; LFkkiusph ’kiFk ?ksÅu vkiY;k lgdkÚ;kaP;k enrhus LojkT;

LFkkiusdMs tksjnkj okVpky lq: dsyh gksrh- eq?ky ljgn~nhojps ejkB;kaps jkT; vkSjaxtsckl

udksls okVr gksrs-

4 nf{k.k Hkkjrkr eq?ky lRrspk foLrkj dj.;kpk vkSjaxtsckpk gsrw gksrk- R;klkBh vkfny’kkgh o

dqrwc’kkgh ;k nksUgh jktoVh ftadwu ?ks.;kcjkscjp ejkB;kaps uoksnhr jkT;gh ftadwu ?;kos vls

vkSjaxtsckl okVr gksrs-

5 vkfny’kgkpk cyk<; ljnkj vQ>y[kku ;kpk f’kokth egkjktkauh cankscLr dsY;keqGs

vkfny’kgk gkrcy >kyk gksrk- vkfny’kgkdMwu f’kokth egkjktkapk cankscLr gks.kkj ukgh gs

vksG[kwu vkSjaxtsckus ’kkfgLrs[kkukph fu;qDrh dsyh-

’kkfgLrs[kku iq.;kr nk[ky >kY;kuarj vkiyh ng’kr fuekZ.k dj.;klkBh R;kus vkliklph

[ksMh m/oLr dj.;koj Hkj fnyk- jk;xM fdY;ktoGhy dkgh xkos R;kus m/oLr dsyh- ejkB;kaP;k

jkT;kP;k n`"Vhus egRoiw.kZ vlysY;k iq.;ke/;s rks nk[ky >kyk- ;k lqekjkl f’kokth egkjkt

iUgkG;kP;k os<;kr vlY;keqGs ’kkfgLrs[kkukl vf/kdp mRlkg vkyk gksrk- ’kkfgLrs[kkukP;k

LojkT;kojhy vkØe.kkeqGs f’kokth egkjktkauk vf/kdp dkGth okVw ykxyh- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k

vuqifLFkrhe/;s ejkB;kauh ’kkfgLr s[kkukl pkaxykp izfrdkj dsyk- vkiY;k y"djh rkdnhps izn’kZu

dj.;klkBh R;kus pkd.kP;k HkqbZdksV fdY;kl ohl gtkj lSU;klg 21 twu 1660 jksth os<k fnyk-

Pkkd.kpk fdYyk Eg.kts ,d ygku x<hp gksrh- y"djhn`"V;k pkd.kps Bk.ks vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gksrs-

Pkkd.kpk fdYyk ftadY;kuarj eq?kykapk vgenuxj’kh nG.koG.k o laidZ lgt gksbZy vls R;kyk

okVr gksrs- R;kpcjkscj vgenuxjo:u dksd.kkr mrj.;kpk rks ,d toGpk ekxZ gksrk- pkd.k

fdY;kpk fdYysnkj fQjaxksth ujlkG gk gksrk- pkd.kP;k fdY;kr 500 rs 600 f’kcanh gksrh-

fQjaxksth ujlkGP;k usr`Rok[kkyh ejkBk lSU;kus eq?ky lSU;kpk eksB;k ftn~nhus o Ros"kkus izfrdkj dsyk-

57

ejkB;kaP;k fpoV izfrdkjkeqGs eq?kykauk pkd.kpk fdYyk ftad.ks ftfdjhps o d"Vkps >kys- ’ksoVh

fdY;kP;k rVkyk lq:ax ykÅu 15 vkWxLV 1660 jksth ’kkfgLrs[kkukus pkd.kpk fdYyk (laxzkenqxZ)

ftadwu ?ksryk- gk fdYyk ftad.;klkBh R;kyk 55 fnol ykxys gksrs- ;ko:u R;kyk ejkB;kaP;k

lkeF;kZph dYiuk vkyh gksrh- pkd.kpk fdYyk ftadwu eksB;k FkkVkr rks iq.;kr nk[ky >kyk o

f’kokth egkjktkaps ckyi.k T;k okM;kr xsys gksrs R;k yky egkykr jkgw ykxyk-

‘kkfgLrs[kkukoj gYyk

‘kkfgLrs[kku tkLr dkG iq.;kr jkg.ks LojkT;kP;k n`"Vhus vlqjf{kr vkgs vls f’kokth

egkjktkauk okVw ykxys- R;keqGs ’kkfgLrs[kkukpk osGhp cankscLr dj.;kps R;kauh Bjoys- iq.;kr jkgwu

vkliklpk izns’k yqV.;kps] yksdkae/;s ng’kr fuekZ.k dj.;kps dke ’kkfgLrs[kku djr gksrk- iq.;kP;k

vkliklps fdYys fQrqjhus rkC;kr ?ks.;kpk iz;Ru R;kus lq: dsyk- R;kP;k iq<kdkjkrwup flagxMkoj

QanfQrqjh ?kMyh gksrh- R;keqGs dkgh rjh foy{k.k lkgl d:u ’kkfgLrs[kkukl /kMk f’kdfo.;kpk

fu’p; f’kokth egkjktkauh d syk- ’kkfgLrs[kku jkgr vlysY;k yky egkykr tkÅu ’kkfgLrs[kkukoj

gYyk dj.;kph ;kstuk R;kauh vk[kyh- eksjksiar fiaxGs] usrkth ikydj] ckckth ckiwth o fpe.kkth

ckiqth eqnxy ns’kikaMs] ckth ltsZjko ts/ks] pkanth ts/ks] dks;kth ckany] ;slkth dad] rkukth ekyqljs

o fuoMd fru gtkj lSU;klg f’kokth egkjkt flagxMko:u iq.;kdMs fu?kkys- eq?ky Nko.khiklwu dkgh

varjkoj usrkth ikydj o eksjksiar fiaxGs ;kaP;kdMs izR;sdh 1000 ph QkSt ns.;kr vkyh- 5 ,fizy

1663 jksth f’kokth egkjktkauh ckckth o fpe.kkth ;k ca/kwcjkscj 400 fuoMd lgdk-;kalg yky

egkykr izos’k dsyk- f’kokth egkjktkaps ckyi.k yky egkykr xsY;kus yky egkykph laiw.kZ ekfgrh

R;kauk gksrh- ;k fno’kh jetku efgU;kpk 6 ok fnol gksrk- fnolHkjkpk miokl lksMwu ’kkfgLrs[kkukps

uksdjpkdj o lSfud >ksih xsys gksrs- f’kokth egkjkt o R;kaP;k lgdkÚ;kauh va/kkjkrp yky egkykr

izos’k dsyk- ck;dkeqykaP;k vksjM.;keqGs ’kkfgLrs[kku tkxk >kyk- ejkB;kauh vpkud dsysY;k

gY;keqGs ’kkfgLrs[kkukl /kDdkp clyk- okM;krhy yksd tho okpo.;klkBh iGr lqVys- leksj

;sbZy R;kyk Bkj ekj.;kps /kksj.k ejkB;kauh vaxhdkjys gksrs- ’kkfgLrs[kkukP;k dqVwafc;kauh es.kcR;k

fo>owu va/kkj dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- ’kkfgLrs[kku Lor%pk tho okpowu iGwu tk.;kP;k r;kjhr

vlrkukp f’kokth egkjktkauh R;kP;koj okj dsyk o R;kP;k gkrkph cksVs rksMyh- ejkB;kauh dsysY;k

gY;keqGs yky egkykr ,dp xksa/kG mMkyk- ’kkfgLrs[kkukpk ifjokj] nkl&nklh] uksdj&pkdj iGwu

tkÅ ykxys- ’k=w lko/k >kY;keqGs yky egkykr tkLr osG Fkkac.ks /kksD;kps Bjsy gs vksG[kwu ejkBs

ijr fu?kwu xsys- ;k gY;kr ’kkfgLrs[kkukpk eqyxk vcqy Qrg] R;kpk tkokbZ] R;kP;k 12 csxek] 40

eksBs njdnkj Bkj >kys- rj ejkB;kaps 16 yksd ej.k ikoys vkf.k 40 t[keh >kys- ’kkfgLrs[kkukoj

58

gYyk d:u f’kokth egkjkt o R;kaps lgdkjh ;’kLohi.ks ckgsj dls iMys gs lkaxrkuk lHkkln Eg.krks]

^^xuhe vkyk vls dGwu pkSrQkZuh y"dj r;kj >kys- ex jkts ckgsj fu?kkys- pkSdhps yksd o

y"djkps yksd ^xuhe dksBs ?* Eg.kwu /kkÅ ykxys- R;katcjkscj gsgh ^xuhe dksBs ?* Eg.kksu /kkor

/kkor ckgsj fu?kkys!** Ekq?ky lSU;kpk eksjksiar fiaxGs o usrkth ikydj ;kauh pkaxykp lekpkj ?ksryk-

gY;kuarj f’kokth egkjkt flagxMkoj iksgkspys-

f’kokth egkjktkauh yky egkykoj dsysY;k gY;keqGs ’kkfgLrs[kkukph >ksip mMkyh- ejkB;kauh

dsysyk gYyk Qkjp ifj.kkedkjd Bjyk- ’kkfgLrs[kkukl iq.;krhy eqDdke vlqjf{kr okVw ykxyk-

ejkBs iqUgk vkiY;koj gYyk djrhy ;k fHkrhus ’kkfgLrs[kku lSjHkSj >kyk- gY;kuarj vo?;k frlÚ;k

fno’kh iq.ks lksMwu rks vkSjaxkckndMs jokuk >kyk- ’kkfgLrs[kkukP;k >kysY;k Qftrhph ckreh

vkSjaxtsckl letrkp R;kyk ’kkfgLrs[kkukpk izpaM jkx vkyk- ’kkfgLrs[kkukP;k cslko/kxhjheqGsp gk

gYyk >kyk vls vkSjaxtsckl okVys- ;k gY;kfo"k;hph f’kokth egkjktkaph izfrfdz;k lkaxrkuk lHkkln

Eg.krks ^^QRrs gksÅu vkyks- ’kkLr[kkukl ’kkLr dsyh- ikr’kgkus uko Bsfoys ijarq uko ;FkkFkZ Bsfoys

ukgh- rs uko vki.k ’kkLr d:u uko :tw dsys-**

’kkfgLrs[kku gY;kps egRo

f’kokth egkjktkauh ’kkfgLrs[kkukP;k dsy sY;k QftrheqGs R;kapk loZ= ncnck o njkjk fuekZ.k

>kyk- lkekU; yksdkae/khy f’kokth egkjktkacn~nypk vknj vk.k[khup ok<yk- ’kkfgLrs[kkukus

ejkB;kaP;k gY;kpk /kldk ?ksÅu gY;kuarj vo?;k frlÚ;k fno’kh iq.ks lksMys- vkiY;k ijkØeh

ljnkjkP;k >kysY;k QftrheqGs vkSjaxtscklgh /kDdk clyk- vkSjaxtsckl ’kkfgLrs[kkukph fpM vkyh

o R;kph fu;qDrh caxkypk lqHksnkj Eg.kwu dsyh rj nf{k.k Hkkjrkpk lqHksnkj Eg.kwu vkSjaxtsckus ’kkgtknk

eqvTte ;kph fu;qDrh dsyh- f’kokth egkjktkapk dk;epk cankscLr dj.;klkBh vf/kd ijkØeh o

eqRln~nh ljnkjkph fu;qDrh dj.ks R;kyk xjtsps okVw ykxys- f’kokth egkjktkauh ’kkfgLrs[kkukP;k

dsysY;k QftrheqGs vkfny’kkgh lqHksnkjkaphgh >ksi mMkyh- f’kokth egkjkt vkiY;koj dsaOgkgh gYyk

djrhy v’kh fHkrh R;kauk okVw ykxyh-

3- 3- 2- lqjrsph ifgyh yqV

f’kokth egkjktkauh ’kkfgLrs[kkukph Qftrh d:u eq?kykauk /kDdk fnY;kuarj eq?kykafo:/n

vf/kd vkØed /kksj.kkpk Lohdkj d:u R;kauh lqjrsph yqV dsyh o eq?kykauk vk.k[kh ,d /kDdk

fnyk- ’kkfgLrs[kkukP;k tkxh vkSjaxtsckus ’kkgtknk eqvTteph nf{k.kspk lqHksnkj Eg.kwu use.kwd dsyh

gksrh- ’kkgtknk eqvTteus f’kokth egkjktkackcr ’kkarrsP;k /kksj.kkpk iqjLdkj dsyk- uksOgsacj 1663

59

rs es 1664 ;k dkGkr tloarflaxkpk flagxMkl os<k pkyw vlrkuk tkusokjh 1664 e/;s eq?kykaps

le`/n o l/ku lqjr ’kgj ejkB;kauh yqVys- R;keqGs eq?kykaph vf/kdp ukpDdh >kyh-

lqjr yqVhph dkj.ks

1 ’kkfgLrs[kkukus 1660 rs 1663 ;k dkGkr iq.ks o vkliklP;k izns’kkr /kqekdwG ?kkryk gksrk-

;kpk cnyk ?ks.;klkBh f’kokth egkjktkauh lqjrsph yqV dsyh-

2 Lkqjr ’kgj gs laiUu O;kikjh ’kgj gksrs- lqjrsph yqV d:u LojkT;kph vkfFkZd fLFkrh lq/kkjkoh

vls f’kokth egkjktkauk okVr gksrs-

3 Ekq?ky lkezkT;krhy okgrqdhps eksBs canj Eg.kwu lqjr izfl/n gksrs- Hkkjrkrhy is<hlaca/khps

O;ogkj ;kp ’kgjkrwu pkyr gksrs- lqjr ’kgj eq?ky lkezkT;kps vkfFkZd dsanz gksrs-

4 Lkqjr gs eq?ky jkT;krhy izeq[k O;kikjh canj vlY;kus vusd Jhear O;kikjh lqjrse/;s jkgr o

O;kikj djr gksrs- R;kauk yqVwu vki.kkl Hkjiwj vkfFkZd Qk;nk gksbZy vls f’kokth egkjktkauk

okVr gksrs-

5 Hkkjrh; O;kikÚ;kacjkscjp baxzt] Ýsap o Mp ;k ijdh; O;kikÚ;kaP;k o[kkjh lqjr ’kgjkr

gksR;k- lqjr yqVwu R;kaukgh /kDdk n;kok o R;kaP;kr ng’kr fuekZ.k djkoh vls f’kokth

egkjktkauk okVr gksrs- dkj.k eq?ky ckn’kgkP;k vkJ;kus gs O;kikjh mn~nke o csNwV orZu

djr gksrs- jktkiwjojhy gY;kP;k osGh baxztkauh nk[koysyh exzqjh f’kokth egkjktkaP;k y{kkr

gksrh-

7- Lke`/n lqjrsph yqV d:u iSlk feGo.;kcjkscjp eq?ky ckn’kgk vkSjaxtsckoj lqM

mxo.;kpkghf’kokth egkjktkapk mn~ns’k gksrk- 19 ekpZ 1664 P;k lqjrsP;k ,dk baxzth

i=kr ^^dsoG iSlk mdG.;k[ksjht ckn’kgkoj lwM mxfo.;kpkgh f’kokthapk mn~ns’k gksrk** vls

EgVys vkgs-

7- Ekq?ky lkezkT;kph izfr"Bk /kqGhl feGo.;klkBh f’kokth egkjktkauh Lkqjrsph yqV dj.;kps

Bjoyss- dkj.k lqjr ’kgj gs eksxylkezkT;kps oSHkokps ’kgj gksrs-

8- Lkqjr ’kgj le`/n o laiUu gksrs- i.k laiUu ’kgjkP;k lqjf{krrslkBh vko’;d vl.kkjh

HkDde laj{k.k O;oLFkk lqjrsl uOgrh- R;keqGs lqjr ’kgj yqVrkuk vki.kkl Qkjlk izfrdkj

gks.kkj ukgh;kph [kk=h f’kokth egkjktkauk gksrh-

lksGkO;k o lrjkO;k ’krdkrhy izeq[k O;kikjh ’kgj Eg.kwu lqjr ’kgj izfl/n gksrs- dksV;ko/kh

:Ik;kapk O;kikj ;k ’kgjke/kwu pkyr gksrk- eq?kykaps laj{k.k vlY;kus baxzt] Ýsp o Mp O;kikÚ;kauh

vkiY;k o[kkjhgh lqjr ’kgjke/;s LFkkiu dsY;k gksR;k- eDdsyk tk.kkjs bLyke/kehZ; ;k=sd:u lqjr

60

’kgjkrwu tkr vlY;keqGs lqjr ’kgj eDdsps izos’k}kj Eg.kwugh izfl/n gksrs- HkkjrkP;k if’pe

fd.kkÚ;kojhy lokZr egRokps O;kikjh dsanz Eg.kwu lqjr izfl/n gksrs- 17 O;k ’krdkr vR;ar

HkjHkjkVhl vkysys lqjr ’kgj if’pe fdukÚ;kojhy O;kikjkps ukd gksrs- f’kokth egkjktkaph lkgth o

fu;kstuc/n Lokjh Eg.kwugh lqjrsP;k yqVhdMs ikfgys tkrs- dkj.k 300 eSy ’k=wP;k izns’kkr tkÅu

lqjr yqV.;kph ;kstuk R;kauh ;’kLoh d:u nk[koyh- lqjr ’kgjkdMs tk.kkjs ekxZ] ’kgjkph ifjfLFkrh]

O;kikj] ’kgjkrhy Jhear O;kikjh ;klaca/khph loZ ekfgrh R;kauh vkiY;k xqIrgsjkekQZr feGoyh gksrh-

Pkkj gtkj fuoMd Lokjkalg 6 fMlsacj 1663 jksth jktxMko:u f’kokth egkjktkauh lqjrsdMs iz;k.k

dsys- jktxMko:u rs «;acds’ojyk vkys- vki.k eq?kykaP;k vkSjaxkckn ’kgjkoj gYyk dj.;klkBh tkr

vkgksr v’kh ckreh R;kauh iljowu fnyh- Lkqjrsi;Zarpk cgqrka’k izokl jk=hpk dsY;keqGs ’k=wyk xkQhy

Bso.;kr ejkBs ;’kLoh Bjys- 5 tkusokjh 1664 jksth f’kokth egkjkt o ejkBk lSU; lqjr ’kgjkiklwu

28 eSy varjkoj vlysY;k ?k.knsoh ;sFks nk[ky >kys- ejkB;kaps lSU; lqjr ’kgj yqV.;klkBh

vkY;kps ikgwu ’kgjkr ,dp xksa/kG mMkyk- yksd vkiyk tho okpo.;klkBh lSjkoSjk iGr lqVys-

buk;r[kku gk lqjrspk eq?ky lqHksnkj gksrk- lqjr ’kgjkps laj{k.k dj.;k,o<s iqjsls lSU;gh R;kP;kdMs

uOgrs- ejkB;kapk izfrdkj dj.;kps lksMwu ,d gtkj lSU;klg buk;r[kku fdY;kr vkJ;kl jkfgyk-

f’kokth egkjktkauh vkiY;k ek.klkarQsZ buk;r[kkukl gkth lSn csx] gkth dkle o ohjth Ogksjk ;k

fru Jhear O;kikÚ;kauk vki.kkdMs ikBokos vlk fujksi fnyk gksrk- ijarq buk;r[kkukus dks.krhgh

izfrfdz;k fnyh ukgh- R;keqGs ejkB;kauh lqjr ’kgj yqV.;kps Bjoys- 6 tkusokjh jksth ejkB;kauh lqjr

’kgj yqV.;kl lq:okr dsyh- ’kgjkrhy O;kikjh isBk] Jhear O;kikÚ;kaph ?kjs ejkB;kauh eulksDr

yqVyh- ohjth Ogksjk] gkth lSn csx o gkth dkle ;kaps okMs [k.kwu dk<ys o eksB;k izek.kkr laiRrh

feGoyh- ?kjkauk vkxh yko.;kr vkY;k- vkxheqGs jk= fnolkalkj[kh o fnol /kqjkeqGs jk=hlkj[kk Hkklw

ykxyk- cq/kokj fn- 6 tkusokjh rs jfookj fn- 10 tkusokjh ;k dkGkr ejkB;kauh lqjrsph eulksDr yqV

dsyh- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k yqVhpk QVdk baxzt] Qsazp o Mp ;k ijdh; O;kikÚ;kaukgh clyk- eq?ky

lSU; lqjrsP;k laj{k.kklkBh ;sr vlY;kph ckreh letrkp 10 tkusokjh jksth ejkB;kauh lqjr ’kgj

lksMys- lqjr y qVhe/;s f’kokth egkjktkal 28 ’ksj otuh eksrh] tMtokghj] fgjs] ekf.kd] ikpw o brj

lksuuk.ks feGwu ,d dksVhph laiRrh izkIr >kyh vls EgVys tkrs- 5 Qsczqokjh 1664 jksth f’kokth

egkjkt jktxMkoj iksgkspys- f’kokth egkjktkaph lqjr yqVhph izfrdzh;k OgkWYdkMZ bOglZu ;k Mp

O;kikÚ;kus uksanoyh gksrh- rh Eg.kts] ^^vkSjaxtsckP;k lqjrsph lqjr ?ks.;kpk ek>k iq"dG fnolkapk

bjknk gksrk- rks vkrk lQy >kyk-**

lqjr yqVhps ifj.kke

61

dkf’ejo:u ykgksjyk vkysY;k vkSjaxtsckl f’kokth egkjktkauh lqjr yqVY;kph ckreh dGrkp

izpaM /kDdk clyk- ’kkfgLrs[kkukP;k ijkHkokeqGs eq?kykaph tso<h ukpDdh >kyh gksrh R;kis{kk fdrhrjh

vf/kd ukpDdh lqjr yqVY;keqGs >kyh- ’kkfgLrs[kkukus iq.ks o vkliklP;k izns’kkr ?kkrysY;k

/kqekdqGhps mV~Vs f’kokth egkjktkauh eq?kykaps lqjr ’kgj yqVwu dk<ys o vkSjaxtsckoj lqM mxoyk-

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k ok<R;k lkeF;kZph o R;kauh LohdkjysY;k vkØed /kksj.kkph tk.kho R;kyk >kyh-

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k ok<R;k lkeF;kZyk ik;can ?kky.;klkBh o R;kapk dk;epk cankscLr dj.;klkBh

,[kk|k cyk<; ljnkjkph fu;qDrh dj.;kph xjt R;kyk okVw ykxyh- R;krqup iq<s f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k fojks/kkr fe>kZ jktk t;flaxkph fu;qDrh vkSjaxtsckus dsyh- f’kokth egkjktkauh lqjrsph yqV

dsY;keqGs O;kikÚ;kaps >kysys uqdlku Hk:u dk<.;klkBh vkSjaxtsckus ,d [kkl QekZu dk<wu baxzt o

brj O;kikÚ;kauk ,d o"kkZph tdkr ekQ dsyh- iq<hy o"kkZiklwu ’ksdMk vMhp ,soth nksu izek.ks

tdkr ?ks.;kpk vkns’k R;kus dk<yk- lqjrsP;k yqVheqGs lqjr ’kgjkP;k laj{k.kklkBh vkSjaxtsckus ’kgjkl

rVcanh cka/k.;kps dke gkrh ?ksrys- lqjrsP;k yqVheqGs f’kokth egkjktkapk loZ= ncnck o njkjk fuekZ.k

>kyk- baxztkauh f’kokth egkjktkapk tcjnLr /kldk ?ksryk- O;kikjkP;k lqjf{krrslkBh R;kauh vkiys

O;kikjh dsanz lqjrsgwu eqacbZl gkyoys- ifj.kkeh iq<hy dkGkr eqacbZ O;kikjh dsanz Eg.kwu fodlhr >kys-

lqjrsP;k yqVhe/kwu f’okth egkjktkauk toGikl ,d dksVh :Ik;s feGkys- ;k laiRrheqGs LokjkT;kph

vkfFkZd fLFkrh lq/kkjyh- lqjrsph yqV d:u ejkB;kauh lqjrsph cslqjr dsyh- 300 eSy ’k=wP;k

izns’kkr tkÅu lqjrsph ;’kLoh yqV dsY;keqGs ejkB;kapk izpaM eksB;k izek.kkr vkRefo’okl ok<yk-

3- 3- 3- fe>kZ jktk t;flaxkph Lokjh

f’kokth egkjktkaps lkeF;Z fnolsafnol vf/kdk/khd ok<r gksrs rj nf{k.ksrhy ifjfLFkrh

eq?kykaP;k n`"Vhus izfrdwy gksr gksrh- 1663 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh vkSjaxtsckpk ekek ’kkfgLrs[kkukph

cksVs dkiwu Qftrh dsyh gksrh- tkusokjh 1664 e/;s eqxykaps vkfFkZd jkt/kkuh vlysys l/ku lqjr

’kgj ;’kLohi.ks yqVys- tloarflaxkus lgk efgus flagxMkl os<k ?kkywugh fdYyk ftadrk u vkY;kus

fjdkE;k gkrkusp rks vkSjaxkcknkl ijryk- ’kkfgLrs[kkukP;k tkxh nf{k.kspk lqHksnkj Eg.kwu fu;qDr >kysyk

’kgktknk eqvTteus ejkB;kafo:/n vkØed /kksj.k u Lohdkjrk vkSjaxkcknyk LoLFk clwu gksrk- 1664

P;k ikolkG;kr f’kokth egkjktkauh eq?kykaps vgenuxj ’kgj yqVys- ejkB;kaP;k vkjekjkus dkgh

eq?kykaph tgkts yqVyh gksrh- ,dw.kp f’kokth egkjktkauh LohdkjysY;k vkØed /kksj.kkeqGs vkSjaxtsc

vf/kdp vMp.khr vkyk gksrk- fnolsafnol vkØed gksr tk.kkÚ;k f’kokth egkjktkapk dk;epk

cankscLr dj.ks R;kyk xjtsps okVw ykxys- ;k xjtsrwup R;kus f’kokth egkjktkaP;k fojks/kkr 30 lIVsacj

1664 jksth fe>kZ jktk t;flaxkph fu;qDrh dsyh-

62

t;iwjpk fe>kZ jktk t;flax gk o;kP;k vkBO;k o"kkZiklwu eq?kykapk eulcnkj cuyk gksrk-

tgkaxhjiklwu rs vkSjaxtscki;ZarP;k dkGkr eq?ky ?kjk.;kph R;kus lsok dsyh gksrh- t;flaxkus vusd

dfB.k ;q/nke/;s eq?kykauk ,dgkrh fot; feGowu fnyk gksrk- ;q/nkrhy ijkt; R;kyk ekfgr uOgrk-

t;flaxkus toGikl ’kaHkj y<k;ke/;s lfØ; lgHkkx ?ksryk gksrk- eq?ky ckn’kgkdMwu R;kyk ^fe>kZ*

gk fdrkc feGkyk gksrk- vR;ar ijkØeh] izpaM vuqHkoh] xaHkhj izd`rh] dq’kkxzcq/nh] v[kaM fot;h]

;q/nfuiq.k lsukirh o vkSjaxtsckpk fo’oklw vkf.k ,dfu"B ljnkj gksrk- vyhukek pk ys[kd eqgEen

uqL=rh fe>kZ jktk t;flaxkfo"k;h Eg.krks] ^^t;flax gk loZ jktkar Jhear] eksBk] loZ fganwr ckn’kgkl

tkLr enr dj.kkjk] lokZr J s"B] cMk ekrCcj o rksynkj vlwu ckn’kkgh ?kjkpk vk/kkjLraHk gksrk-**

;q/nkrhy fot;kcjkscjp jktdh; dV dkjLFkkukr rks fu".kkr gksrk- fe>kZ jktk t;flaxkcjkscj

vkSjaxtsckus nkÅn[kku dqjs’kh] bgr’kke[kku] eqYyk ;kfg¸;k] jktk t;flag] lqtkuflag] iqj.key cqansyk]

dqrcqn~nhu] jkeflax b- ljnkjkaph jokuxh dsyh gksrh- eq?ky lkezkT;k’kh ,dfu"B vlysY;k

t;flaxkcjkscj vkiY;k fo’oklkrhy iBk.k ljnkj fnysj[kkukl tk.;kl vkSjaxtsckus lkafxrys gksrs-

fudksyk; euqph gk bVkfy; x`gLFk eq?ky rksQ[kkU;kpk vf/kdkjh gksrk- R;kphgh fu;qDrh vkSjaxtsckus ;k

eksfgeslkBh dsyh- rksykeksykps ljnkj] izHkkoh rksQ[kkuk] izpaM lSU; ?ksÅu 9 tkusokjh 1665 e/;s

t;flaxkus ueZnk unh vksykaMyh- 10 Qsczqokjhl rks vkSjaxkcknyk iksgpyk- vkSjaxkckn ;sFks nf{k.kspk

lqHksnkj ’kgtknk eqvTte’kh ckrphr d:u 14 Qsczqokjhl rks iq.;kdMs fu/kkyk- 3 ekpZ 1665 jksth

rks iq.;kr nk[ky >kyk-

t;flaxkps Mkoisp

iq.;kr nk[ky >kY;kuarj f’kokth egkjktkafo:/n R;kus izR;sd Mkoisp fopkjiwoZd vk[kys-

dkj.k vkRrki;Zar f’kokth egkjktkauh cgqrka’k vkfny’kgh o eq?ky ljnkjkapk ijkHko dsyk gksrk-

LojkT;kph HkkSxksyhd ekfgrh tek d:u R;kuqlkj vkiys Mkoisp vk[k.;kl R;kus lq:okr dsyh-

nf{k.ksrhy jktdkj.kkpk R;kus ckjdkbZu vH;kl dsyk- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k ’k=wauk vkiY;k cktwl

?ks.;kps /kksj.k R;kus vaxhdkjys- R;kuqlkj tkoGhps eksjsaps oa’kt ckth panzjko o vackth xksfoanjko eksjs]

tOgkjps jkts] dY;k.kP;k mRrjsdMhy dksGh jkts] vQ>y[kkukpk eqyxk Qkty[kku ;k

LFkkfudkacjkscjp baxzt] fln~nh o iksrqZxht ;k ijdh; vkjekjh lRrkauk f’kokth egkjktkafo:/n eksfge

dk<.;kl izo`Rr dsys- laHkkO; la?k"kkZr f’kokth egkjkt o vkfny’kgk ;kaps lax.ker gksÅ u;s Eg.kwu

vkfny’kgkP;k gkypkyhoj y{k Bso.;klkBh vkiY;k [kkl fo’oklkrhy ek.klkaph fu;qDrh dsyh-

dukZVdkrhy csnuwjpk uk;d o clokiV~V.kpk uk;d ;kauk eulchps izyksHku nk[kowu vkiY;k cktwl

vks<wu ?ksrys-

63

f’kokth egkjktkafo:/nph vkiyh eksfge ;’kLoh Ogkoh Eg.kwu t;flaxkus lSU;kojhy laiw.kZ

lRrk] vf/kdkÚ;kaP;k cnY;k] c<R;k vkf.k use.kqdh dj.;kps vf/kdkj o eqydh] y"djh vf/kdkj

vkSjaxtsckdMwu ekxwu ?ksrys- t;flaxkP;k ;k ekx.;k vkSjaxtsckus ekU; dsY;k- iq.;kr nk[ky >kY;kuarj

iq<hy rhu efgus R;kus ;q/nkph r;kjh o Mkoispkr ?kkyoys- f’kokth egkjktkacjkscjhy laHkkO;

la?k"kkZph R;kus ckjdkbZus r;kjh dsyh- vkiY;k r;kjhr dlykgh dlwj jkg.kkj ukgh ;kph dkGth

?ksryh- ;k lqekjkl iq.ks] dksYgkiwj] lkrkjk vkf.k dqykck ;k ftYg;krhy dkgh ijx.;kapk lekos’k

LojkT;kr gksrk- LojkT;kph i/nr’khj ukdscanh dj.;koj t;flaxkus Hkj fnyk- R;klkBh vkiys osxosxGs

ljnkj LojkT;kP;k osxosxG;k Hkkxkr ikBowu izns’k csfpjk[k dsyk- fBdfBdk.kh eq?ky ljnkj ikBowu

vkiyh etcwr Bk.kh fuekZ.k dsyh- f’kokth egkjktkafo:/nP;k eksfgesph lq:okr dksd.k Hkkxkrwu djkoh

vls vkSjaxtsckus t;flaxkl lwpoys gksrs- i.k t;flaxkus iq.;ktoG Nko.kh dj.ks dls ;ksX; vkgs gs

vkSjaxtsckl dGoys- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k cgqrka’k y"djh gkypkyh flagxM & iqjanj o jktxM ;k

fdY;ka’kh laca/khr vlY;kus ;k izns’kkrp vkiyh eq[; y"djh Nko.kh vl.ks o laHkkO; la?k"kkZph

lq:okr ;kp izns’kkrwu dj.ks ;ksX; gksbZy vls t;flaxkl okVr gksrs- R;k n`"Vhdks.kkrwu lkloM ;k

fBdk.kh R;kus vkiyh Nko.kh dsyh- ;klanHkkZr t;flax vkSjaxtsckl dGorks] ^^lkloM gs f’kokthps

iqjanj vkf.k brj byk[ks ;kauk ykxwu vkgs- fotkiwj izns’kkykgh rs toG iMrs-** eksfgesph laiw.kZ vk[k.kh

o r;kjh >kY;kuarj t;flaxkus izR;{k la?k"kZ dj.;kps Bjowu iajqnj fdY;kl os<k ns.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk-

iqjanjpk os<k

iqjanjpk fdYyk iq.;kP;k vkXus;l 24 eSykoj vlwu leqnzlikVhiklwu 4564 QwV map gksrk-

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k LojkT;krhy iqjanj gk ,d egRokpk fdYyk gksrk- iqjanj fdY;kps ckysfdYyk o

ekph vls nksu Hkkx gksrs- iqjanjyk ykxwu otzxM (:nzekG) gk nqljk fdYyk gksrk- nksUgh xMke/;s

HkSjof[kaM gksrh- eq?ky lSU;kus iqjanj o otzxM ;k nksUgh fdY;kl os<k fnyk- ;k os<;kps usr`Ro

fnysj[kkukdMs gksrs- otzxM fdYyk ftadY;kuarj iqjanj fdYyk ftad.ks lksis gksrs- fnysj[kkukus

otzxMkps egRo vksG[kwu izFke otzxM ftadwu ?ks.;koj Hkj fnyk- t;flax o fnysj[kku vkiY;k

lSU;kpk mRlkg ok<or gksrs- 13 ,fizy 1665 jksth eq?kykauh otzxM fdYyk ftadwu ?ksryk- ;k

fdY;ko:u iqjanj fdY;koj rksQkapk ekjk dj.ks eq?kykauk ’kD; >kys- iqjanjpk os<k pkyw vlrkukp

t;flaxkus vkiys lSU; LojkT;kP;k osxosxG;k Hkkxkr ikBowu /kqekdwG ?kkywu fnyk- f’kokth egkjkt

cluqjph Lokjho:u uqdrsp ijrys gksrs- R;keqGs t;flaxkfo:/n la?k"kkZph iw.kZ r;kjh dj.ksgh R;kauk

osGsvHkkoh ’kD; >kys ukgh- eq?ky lSU;kl izfrdkj dj.;kpk R;kauh iz;Ru dsyk- ijarq t;flaxkus

LojkT;kph pkaxyhp dksaMh dsY;keqGs fBdfBdk.kps lSU; ,d= dj.ksgh vo?kM >kys gksrs- rjhgh

64

ejkB;kauh iqjanjyk os<k fnysY;k lSU;koj jk=hP;k osGh gYys dsys- usrkth ikydjP;k usr`Rok[kkyh

ejkBk lSU;kus eq?kykaP;k ifjaM;koj vkØe.k dsys- LojkT;krhy fBdfBdk.kP;k eq?ky lSU;kojgh

ejkB;kauh gYys dsys- ijarq R;kpk Qkjlk ifj.kke eq?kykauh fnysY;k iqjanjP;k os<;koj >kyk ukgh-

eqjkjckth izHkw gk iqjanj fdY;kpk fu"Bkoar gokynkj gksrk- R;kP;k usr`Rok[kkyh ejkB;kauh eq?kykauk

fpoV izfrdkj dsyk- eq?kykaP;k rksQkaP;k ekÚ;kyk R;kus Qkjlh nkn fnyh ukgh- fnysj[kkukus rksQkaP;k

lgk¸;kus iqjanjph ekph ftadwu ?ksryh- R;kuarj ejkBs o eq?ky ;kaP;kr gkr?kkbZph y<kbZ >kyh-

ejkB;kauh ijkØekph ’kFkZ dsyh- eqjkjckthus 700 fuoMd ekoG;kalg eq?ky lSU;koj gYyk p<oyk-

R;kpk ijkdze ikgwu fnysj[kkugh vk’p;Zpfdr >kyk- fnysj[kkukus eqjkjckthl eq?ky pkdjhps vkfe"k

nk[koys- ijarq eqjkjckthus rs /kqMdkowu eq?kyka’kh la?k"kZ lq:p Bsoyk- eq?kykacjkscj >kysY;k gkr?kkbZP;k

y<kbZr v[ksj eqjkjckth /kkjkrhFkhZ iMyk- fdY;kojhy vusd ’kwj ekoGsgh Bkj >kys- eqjkjckthpk

ijkØe ikgwu vk’p;Zpfdr >kysY;k fnysj[kkukfo"k;h lHkkln fyfgrks] ^^ex [kkukus rksaMkr vaxksGh

?kkryh dh] ^vlk f’kikbZ [kqnkus iSnk dsyk-* ,sls vk’p;Z dsys-** eqjkjckth dkeh vkY;kuarjgh ejkBs

y<rp jkfgys- ’ksoVh iqjanj fdYyk eksxykauh ftadwu ?ksryk-

iqjanjpk rg

eq?kykauh iqjanjpk fdYyk ftadwu ?ksrY;kuarj f’kokth egkjktkauh eq?kyka’kh rg dj.;kpk fopkj

lq: dsyk- dkj.k izfrdqy ifjfLFkrhr eq?kykaP;k vQkV lkeF;kZleksj vkiyk fVdko ykx.kkj ukgh

;kph tkf.ko R;kauk >kyh gksrh- f’kok; LojkT;kP;k n`"Vhus loZ= izfrdwy ifjfLFkrh fuekZ.k >kyh

gksrh- v’kkgh fLFkrhr eq?kyka’kh la?k"kZ dsyk rj vkiyhp vf/kd gkuh gksbZy vls R;kauk okVr gksrs-

11 twu 1665 jksth f’kokth egkjkt o t;flax ;kaph HksV >kyh vkf.k 13 twu 1665 jksth iaqjanjpk

rg ?kMwu vkyk- ;k rgkrhy rjrqnh iq<hy izek.ks vkgsr-

1- f’kokth egkjktkauh 23 fdYys vkf.k pkj yk[k gksu mRiUukpk izns’k eq?kykauk |kok-

2- f’kokth egkjktkadMs 12 fdYys vkf.k ,d yk[k gksu mRiUukpk izns’k Bso.;kr vkyk-

3- n[[kuP;k lqH;kP;k vaeykr eq?kykadMwu vkns’k ;sbZy rsaOgk f’kokth egkjktkauh gktj jgkos-

4- eq?kykaph ikp gtkjkaph eulc laHkkth jktsauk ns.;kr ;koh- laHkkth jktsacjkscj ^nqljk f’kokth*

Eg.kwu izfl/n vlysY;k usrkth ikydjkauh n[[kuP;k lqHksnkjkcjkscj jgkos-

5- rGdksd.kkrhy 4 yk[k gksu mRiUukpk izns’k o fotkiwjh ckyk?kkVkrhy 5 yk[k gksu mRiUukpk

izns’k tj f’kokth egkjktkauk vkSjaxtsckus fnyk vkf.k fotkiwjdjkaP;k ;k izns’kkpk dk;epk

rkck ckn’kkgh QekZukus f’kokth egkjktkauk d:u ns.;kr vkyk rj f’kokth egkjktkauh njo"khZ

rhu yk[kkaP;k gIR;kus ckn’kgkyk ,dw.k 40 yk[k gksu [kaM.kh |koh-

65

iqjanj rgkps eqY;ekiu

f’kokth egkjktkauh vR;ar ukfoyktkus iqjanjP;k rgkl ekU;rk fnyh- vkRrki;Zar vusd ijkØe

xktowu ftadysys fdYys o izns’k ;k rgkeqGs eqxykaP;k Lok/khu djkos ykxys- iqjanjP;k rgkuqlkj

LojkT;kpk rhu prqFkkZa’k is{kk vf/kd izns’k eq?kykaP;k opZLok[kkyh tk.kkj gksrk- ijarq l|fLFkrhr gk rg

Lohdkj.;kf’kok; nqljk dks.krkgh Ik;kZ; uOgrk- vkSjaxtsckus rGdksd.kkrhy 4 y{k gksukapk o fotkiqjh

ckyk?kkVkiSdh 5 y{k gksukapk izns’k vki.kkl fnY;kl R;kcnY;kr vki.k 13 okf"kZd gIR;kae/;s 40

y{k gksu ns.;kl r;kj vkgksr vls f’kokth egkjktkauh dGoys gksrs- f’kokth egkjktkaph gh ekx.kh

vkSjaxtsckl dGorkuk eq?kykaps gks.kkjs fru Qk;ns t;flaxkus vkSjaxtsckP;k utjsl vk.kwu fnys-

R;krhy ifgyk Eg.kts eq?kykauk 40 y{k gksu Eg.kts 2 dksVh :Ik;s feGrhy- nqljk Eg.kts f’kokth

egkjkt o fotkiwjdj ;kaP;kr forq"V fuekZ.k gksbZy- frljk Eg.kts fotkiwjdjkaP;k opZLok[kkyh vlysyk

MksaxjkG o vj.;e; izns’k ftadwu ?ks.;kph tckcnkjh f’kokth egkjktkaph jkfgy- vkSjaxtsckus

rGdksd.kkrhy izns’k ftadwu ?ks.;kl ijokuxh fnyh- gk izns’k tjh f’kokth egkjktkauh ftadwu ?ksryk

rjhgh ;k izns’kkoj vizR;{k opZLo eq?kykapsp jkg.kkj gksrs- dkj.k f’kokth egkjkt 40 y{k gksu [kaM.kh

13 o"kkZaP;k gIR;kae/;s eq?kykauk ns.;kl cka/khy gksrs-

f’kokth egkjktkaps loZp fdYys ?;kosr vls vkSjaxtsckl okVr gksrs- dkj.k f’kokth

egkjktkadMs vlysY;k fdY;kaP;k lgk¸;kus rs iqUgk vkØed /kksj.k Lohdk:u vki.kkl =klnk;d

gksrhy v’kh fHkrh vkSjaxtsckl okVr gksrh- iq<s R;kph gh fHkrh [kjh BjY;kps fnlwu ;srs- f’kokth

egkjktkauh eksB;k eqRln~nsfxjhus Lor%dMs 12 fdYys o ,d y{k gks.kkpk izns’k Bsowu ?ksryk- Lor%

eq?kykaph eulc Lohdkj.;kiklwu o eq?ky njckjkr gtj jkg.;kiklwugh lqVdk d:u ?ksryh-

R;kpcjkscj eksB;k d"Vkus mHks dsysys lSU; laHkkth jktsauk feGkysY;k eq?kykaP;k eulcheqGs eq?kykaP;k

iS’kkoj iksl.kkj gksrs- l|fLFkrhr LojkT;kps mRiUu fuE;kgwu deh >kY;keqGs ;k lSU;kpk ijLij [kpZ

eq?kykadMwu gks.kkj gksrk- iqjanjP;k rgkuqlkj eqxykaP;k izpaM vkØe.kkiklwu rkRiqjrh dk vlsuk

LojkT;kph lqVdk f’kokth egkjktkauh d:u ?ksryh- laHkkth jktsauh eq?kykaph ikp gtkjkph eulc

fnY;keqGs eq?kykafo:/nP;k gkypkyhauk ek= e;kZnk iM.kkÚ;k gksR;k- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k enrhus

vkfny’kkgh izns’k ftadwu ?ks.;kps /kksj.k ;k rgkuqlkj t;flaxkus vaxhdkjys gksr s- vkSjaxtsckykgh

t;flaxkps gs /kksj.k ilar iMys gksrs- ,dw.kp f’kokth egkjktkaP;k vMp.khpk tkLrhr tkLr Qk;nk

?ks.;kpk iz;Ru eq?kykauh dsysyk fnlwu ;srks-

3- 3- 4- f’kokth egkjktkaph vkxzk HksV

66

fe>kZ jktk t;flax ;kyk f’kokth egkjktkauh vkSjaxtsckP;k HksVhlkBh mRrjsr tkos vls iqjanjP;k

rgkiklwu okVr gksrs- ejkB;kacjkscj >kysY;k iqjanjP;k rgkuarj t;flaxkus fotkiwjdjkafo:/n eksfge

gkrh ?ksryh gksrh- fotkiwjdjkauh fpoV izfrdkj d:u t;flaxkps Mkoisp m/kGwu ykoys gksrs-

fotkiwjdjkafo:/nP;k eksfgesr Eg.kkos vls ;’k feGr ulY;kus t;flax grk’k >kyk gksrk-

xksoGdksaM;kP;k dqrwc’kgkus vkfny’kgkyk eq?kykafo:/n enr dsyh- eq?kykaP;k fojks/kkr vkfny’kgk o

dqrwc’kgk ,d= vkys gksrs- v’kk ifjfLFkrhr f’kokth egkjkt vkfny’kgkyk feGkys rj vkti;Zar

lk/kysys jktdkj.k o nf{k.ksrhy eq?ky lRrk /kksD;kr ;sbZy v’kh fHkrh t;flaxkyk okVr gksrh-

f’kok; f’kokth egkjktkauk vkfny’kgkP;k opZLok[kkyh vlysyk iUgkG;kpk fdYyk ftad.;kr vkysys

vi;’k o f’kokth egkjktkapk mtok gkr vlysyk usrkth ikydj vkfny’kkghdMs tk.ks ;k loZ ?kVuk

R;kyk la’k;kLin okVr gksR;k- vkfny’kkfgfo:/n gkrh ?ksrysyh vkiyh eksfge ;’kLoh gksbZy dh

ukgh ;kfo"k;h R;kP;k eukr ’kadk ;sr gksrh- f’kokth egkjkt vki.kkl eukiklwu lgdk;Z djr ukghr

vls R;kyk okVr gksrs- f’kokth egkjktkauk vkSjaxtsckP;k HksVhlkBh mRrjsr ikBowu nf{k.ksrhy jktdkj.k

lk/kkos vls R;kyk okVr gksrs- Qsczqokjh 1666 e/;s vkSjaxtsckl fyfgysY;k i=kr rks Eg.krks] ^^vkrk

vkfny’kgk o dqrwc’kgk vkeP;kfo:/n ,d >kys vkgsr- rsaOgk dlsgh d:u f’kokthps eu vkiY;kdMs

oGowu ?ksrys ikfgts- ckn’kgkph HksV ?ks.;kdfjrk Eg.kwu R;kyk mRrjsr ikBowu ns.ks t:j vkgs-**

t;flaxkps er vkSjaxtsckl ;ksX; okVY;keqGs ;k ;kstusl R;kus laerh fnyh- vkSjaxtsckph laerh

feGkY;kuarj mRrjsr tk.;klkBh t;flaxkus f’kokth egkjktkapsgh eu oGoys- mRrjsr vkSjaxtsckP;k

HksVhr gks.kkjs Qk;ns R;kus f’kokth egkjktkaP;k fun’kZukl vk.kwu fnys- mRrj Hkkjrkrhy eqxykaps lkeF;Z

o izR;{k ifjfLFkrh igk.ks] nf{k.ksph lqHksnkjh feGo.ks] taftjk fdY;kph izkIrh d:u ?ks.ks gh f’kokth

egkjktkaph vkxzk HksVhph dkj.ks gksrh- nf{k.ksrhy jktdkj.kkr vki.kkl vkOgku ns.kkÚ;k] vkiY;k

ljnkjkapk ijkHko dj.kkÚ;k f’kokth egkjktkaph HksV Ogkoh vlsgh vkSjaxtsckl okVys vlkos-

f’kokth egkjktkapk vkxzk izokl

5 ekpZ 1666 jksth f’kokth egkjkt laHkkth] fujkth jkoth] «;acdiar lksunso] fgjksth QtZan]

nRrkth f=acd] enkjh esgrj] cfgthZ ukbZd] nkoyth xkMxs] ek.kdks gjh lcuhl] doh ijekuan gs

eqRln~nh o ,d gtkj fuoMd ekoGs] rhu gtkj y"dj ?ksÅu vkX;zkl fu?kkys- vkX;zkl fu?k.;kiwohZ

R;kauh LojkT;kph pks[k O;oLFkk ykÅu LojkT;kph iw.kZ tckcnkjh fttkckbZ] eksjksiar fiaxGs vkf.k

fuGksiar eqtwenkj ;kaP;kdMs lksioyh gksrh- fttkckbZaP;k vkKsuqlkj lokZauh dkjHkkj igkok vls

Bjo.;kr vkys- izoklkP;k dkGkrhy f’kokth egkjktkaP;k ftohrkph geh t;flaxkus rj vkxzk ;sFkhy

okLrO;kP;k dkGkrhy ftohrkph geh t;flaxkpk eqyxk jkeflax ;kus ?ksryh- f’kokth egkjkt

67

mRrjsdM s ;sr vlrkuk izoklkP;k dkGkr ’kgktk|kaph cMnkLr Bso.;kr ;srs r’kh f’kokth egkjktkaph

Bso.;kr ;koh vls vkns’k vkSjaxtsckus vkiY;k vf/kdkÚ;kauk fnys- izoklkP;k dkGkr f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k O;oLFkslkBh xkthcsx ukokpk vkiyk vf/kdkjh vkSjaxtsckus Bsoyk gksrk- izoklkr

vlrkukp vkSjaxtsckps ,d i= f’kokth egkjktkauk feGkys- ;k i=kr rks Eg.krks] ^^fe>kZ jkts t;flax

;k.kh BjfoY;kizek.ks bdMhy izkarh jokuk tkys rs ikowu cgqr larks"k tkyk- ,sf’k;kl bdMhy yksHk

rqEgkoj iw.kZ vkgs Eg.kksu vndkj u dfjrk [kkrjtesus ety njety fu?kksu ;kos Eg.kts HksVhvarh cgwr

lRdkj ikowu ek?kkjs tk.;kfo"k;h fujksi fnYgk tkbZy- lkaizr rqEgkdfjrk iks’kk[k ikBfoyk vkgs rks

?;kok-** ;k i=ke/;s vkSjaxtsckus f’kokth egkjktkaP;k lqjf{krrsph Xokgh o HksVhuarj nf{k.k Hkkjrkr ijr

ikBo.;kph geh ?ksrysyh fnlwu ;srs-

f’kokth egkjkt o vkSjaxtsc HksV

12 es 1666 jksth vkSjaxtsckpk 50 ok ok<fnol gksrk- ;k ok<fnolkfuehRr vkX;zkr

vkfy’kku o ’kkgh njckjkps vk;kstu dj.;kr vkys gksrs- ok<fnolkP;k fuehRrkus eq?ky lRrsP;k

oSHkokps vkf.k lkeF;kZps izn’kZu gks.kkj gksrs- ;k ’kkgh dk;ZØeke/;s f’kokth egkjkt o vkSjaxtsc ;kaph

HksV 12 es jksth vk;ksftr dj.;kr vkyh gksrh- f’kokth egkjkt o R;kaps fuoMd ekoGs 11 es 1666

jksth vkX;zkiklwu dkgh varjkoj vlysY;k eqydpanljkbZ ;sFks iksgpys- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k

LokxrklkBh vkSjaxtsckus ,[kknk rksykeksykpk O;Drh ikBo.ks vko’;d gksrs i.k vkSjaxtsckus vkiY;k

Js"BRokph tk.kho d:u ns.;klkBh dks.kkykgh ikBoys ukgh- t;flaxkpk eqyxk jkeflax f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k LokxrklkBh ;sÅ u ’kdY;kus R;kus vkiyk eqU’kh fxjh/kjyky ;kl ikBoys- 12 es jksth

f’kokth egkjkt o jkeflax ;kaph ldkGh HksV Bjyh gksrh- ijarq gh HksV gksÅ ’kdyh ukgh- ’ksoVh

nks?kkaph HksV vkxzk ’kgjkrp >kyh- vkSjaxtsckus f’kokth egkjktkaps Lokxr d:u R;kauk njckjkr

vk.k.;kph tckcnkjh jkeflax o eq[kfyl[kku ;kaP;koj lksioyh gksrh- R;kuqlkj jkeflax f’kokth

egkjkt o laHkkth jkts ;kauk vkSjaxtsckP;k HksVhlkBh ^fnok.k&b&vke* e/;s ?ksÅu xsyk- rksi;Zar

fnok.k&b&vke* e/khy dk;Øe laiowu vkSjaxtsc ^fnok.k&b&[kkl* ;sFks nk[ky >kyk- R;keqGs

jkeflaxkus f’kokth egkjkt o laHkkth jkts ;kauk ^fnok.k&b&[kkl* ;sFks usgys- nks?kkauhgh njckjh

fjoktkizek.ks vkSjaxtsckl utj & fulkj lknj dsyh- ,o<s >kY;kuarj vkSjaxtsckus f’kokth egkjktkaph

n[ky ?ksÅu lUekukph okx.kwd ns.ks vko’;d gksrs- i.k vkiY;k Js"BRokph tk.kho d:u ns.;klkBh

vkSjaxtsckus f’kokth egkjktkadMs tk.khoiwoZd nqyZ{k dsys- f’kokth egkjktkauk njckjke/;s iapgtkjh

ljnkjkaP;k jkaxse/;s mHks dj.;kr vkys- LojkT;krhy dksa<k.kk fdYyk ftad.;kr vi;’kh Bjysyk

tloarflax f’kokth egkjktkaP;k iq<s mHkk gksrk- vki.kkl iapgtkjh ljnkjkaP;k jkaxsr mHks dj.;kr

68

vkY;kps letrkp f’kokth egkjktkauk izpaM jkx vkyk- v’kkrp vkSjaxtsckus fru ljnkjkauk f[kyr

nsÅu f’kokth egkjktkadMs tk.khiwoZd nqyZ{k dsys- njckjke/;s vki.kkl feGr vlysyh okx.kwd ikgwu

f’kokth egkjktkapk Øks/k vukoj >kyk- gh ckc vkSjaxtsckP;k y{kkr ;srkp R;kus jkeflaxkl f’kokth

egkjktkaph letwr dk<.;kl lkafxrys- ijarq R;kpk dkghp mi;ksx >kyk ukgh- ’ksoVh vkSjaxtsckus

jkeflaxkl f’kokth egkjkt o laHkkth jktsauk njckjkrwu ?ksÅu tk.;kl lkafxrys-

f’kokth egkjkt dSnsr

Ekq?ky njckjkr vki.kkl fnysyh okx.kwd LokfHkekuh LoHkkokP;k f’kokth egkjktkauk lgu >kyh

ukgh- R;kauh vkSjaxtsckP;k njckjkr iqUgk tk;ps ukgh vls Bjoys- laHkkth jkts ek= 14 es jksth

vkSjaxtsckP;k njckjkr xsys gksrs- vkSjaxtsckus laHkkth jktsauk jRu[kfpr dV;kj] eksR;kpk daBk o

ekukpk iks"kk[k nsÅu lUeku dsyk- vkSjaxtsckyk f’kokth egkjkafo"k;h la’k; okVw ykxyk- eq?ky

njckjkrhy f’kokth egkjktkaP;k fojks/kdkauh R;kaP;k fojks/kkr vkSjaxtsckps dku Hkjys- R;ke/;s

’kkfgLrs[kkukph iRuh tgkukjkcsxe] tkQj[kku] eqrZ>k[kku ;kapk lekos’k gksrk- f’kokth egkjktkauk Bkj

ekj.;kpk fopkj vkSjaxtsckP;k eukr vkyk gksrk- R;kus vkxzk ’kgjkpk iksfyl izeq[k Qqykn[kku ;kl

f’kokth egkjktkauk jnvankt[kkukP;k okM;kr us.;kl lkafxrys- i.k jkeflaxkus dsysY;k fojks/kkeqGs rs

’kD; >kys ukgh- f’kokth egkjktkauk dkc wyP;k eksfgesoj ikBowu okVsrp R;kapk dkVk dk<.;kpk

fopkj dsyk- ijarq f’kokth egkjktkauh eksfgesoj tk.;kl udkj fnyk- 24 es iklwu f’kokth

egkjktaP;k fuoklLFkkukHkksorh Qqykn[kkukpk igkjk clfo.;kr vkyk- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k ftohrkyk

dks.kR;kgh izdkjpk /kksdk gksÅ u;s Eg.kwu jkeflaxkus vkiys [kkl fo’oklw jtiwr y<o¸;s f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k ’k;ux`gkHkksorh fu;qDr dsys- f’kokth egkjktkauk eulc ns.;kpk vkSjaxtsckpk fopkj gksrk-

ijarq f’kokth egkjktkauh eulc Lohdkj.;kl udkj fnyk- vkxzk ;sFks >kysY;k ispizlaxkeqGs nf{k.ksr

vlysyk fe>kZ jktk t;flax foy{k.k vLoLFk >kyk gksrk- f’kokth egkjktkauk vkxzk ;sFks dSnsr Bsowu

vki.k nf{k.ksr tkos vkf.k f’kokth egkjktkaps jkfgysys brj fdYys ftadkos vls vkSjaxtsckl okVys

gksrs- i.k t;flaxkus ^^f’kokth vlqjf{kr jkfgyk rj nf{k.ksrhy R;kps yksd fcFkjrhy o ex vkiyk

dks.krkp gsrw lQy gks.kkj ukgh** vls lkafxrys-

vkX;zkgwu lqVdk

24 es iklwu f’kokth egkjktkaP;k fuoklLFkkukHkksorh Qqykn[kkuk os<k lq: >kY;kuarj vki.k

vkrk vkSjaxtsckP;k dSnsr vkMdyks vkgksr ;kph tk.kho R;kaauk >kyh- fnolsafnol gk igkjk vf/kd

dMd gksr xsyk- ;k vMp.khP;k ifjfLFkrhrwu lqV.;klkBh dkgh rjh foy{k.k lkgl dsys ikfgts

69

vU;Fkk vkiyk ’ksoV ;sFksp gksbZy vls f’kokth egkjktkauk okVr gksrs- vkiY;keqGs jkeflax vMp.khr

;sÅ u;s Eg.kwu jkeflaxkus tkfeudh dk<wu ?;koh vlk iz;Ru f’kokth egkjktkauh dsyk- i.k /kqrZ

vkSjaxtsckus f’kokth egkjktkaaP;k fuoklLFkkukHkksorh jkeflaxkpkgh igkjk lq: dsyk- R;keqGs ,dkp osGh

jkeflax o Qqykn[kku ;k nks?kkaps igkjs f’kokth egkjktkaP;k fuoklLFkkukHkksorh lq: >kys- vkSjaxtsckP;k

utjdSnsrwu vkiyh lqVdk dj.;klkBh f’kokth egkjktkauh ,d foy{k.k ;kstuk r;kj dsyh- ;k

;kstusuqlkj R;kauh vkiY;kcjkscj vkysY;k vkiY;k yksdkauk ijr nf{k.ksr tkÅ n;kos v’kh fouarh

vkSjaxtsckyk dsyh- vkSjaxtsckus gh fouarh eksB;k rRijrsus o vkuankus ekU; dsyh- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k

;kstusuqlkj R;kaps lgdkjh R;kauk usew.k fnysY;k fBdk.kh tkÅu Fkkacys vkf.k iq<hy r;kjhl lq:okrgh

dsyh- f’kokth egkjktkauh vki.k vktkjh vlY;kps ukVd dsys- vkiY;k izd`rhl vkjke iMkok o

vktkjkrwu yodj cjs Ogkos ;klkBh lk/kqlarkauk] xksjxjhc tursl o eq?ky vf/kdkÚ;kauk esok feBkbZps

isVkjs ikBo.;kl lq:okr dsyh- lq:okrhP;k dkGkr isVkÚ;kaph dlwu rikl.kh igkjsdÚ;kaauh dsyh- ijarq

isVkÚ;kr esok feBkbZf’kok; nqljs dkghp vk<Gr uOgrs- R;keqGs gGwgGw rs isVkjs rikl.;kdMs nqyZ{k

d: ykxys- ;k la/khpk Qk;nk ?ksÅu 17 vkWxLV 1666 jksth f’kokth egkjkt laHkkth jktsalg

isVkÚ;krwu vkSjaxtsckP;k dSnsrwu ckgsj iMys-

vkxzk ’kgjkP;k ckgsj lgk eSykP;k varjkoj fujkth jkoth ?kksMs ?ksÅu f’kokth egkjktkaph okV

igkr gksrk- ?kksM;koj clwu f’kokth egkjkt o R;kaP;k lgdkÚ;kauh eksB;k osxkus eFkqjsdMs okVpky lq:

dsyh- v|kii;Zar f’kokth egkjkt dSnsrwu ukghls >kY;kph ekfgrh Qqykn[kkukl >kyh uOgrh- dkj.k

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k fuoklLFkkuke/;s f’kokth egkjktkapk isgjko ?kkywu R;kaP;k tkxh fgjksth QtZan

>ksiwu xsyk rj enkjh esgrj R;kps ik; jxMhr gksrk- R;keqGs f’kokth egkjktkauh dSnsrwu iyk;u

dsY;kph tk.kho eq?kykauk >kyh ukgh- dkgh dkyko/khuarj fgjksth QtZan o enkjh esgrjgh ckgsj iMys-

cÚ;kp osGkuarj f’kokth egkjktkaP;k fuoklLFkkukrhy ’kkarrk ikgwu igkjsdÚ;kauk ’kadk ;sÅ ykxyh-

R;kauh f’kokth egkjktkaP;k fuoklLFkkukr ;sÅu ikfgY;kuarj fuoklLFkkukr dks.khp ukgh gs R;kauk fnlwu

vkys- Qqykn[kkukdMwu f’kokth egkjkt dSnsrwu ukghls >kY;kph ckreh vkSjaxtsckl dGkyh o R;kyk

izpaM /kDdk clyk- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k iyk;ukph ckreh Qqykn[kkukus d’kh lkafxryh ;kfo"k;h

lHkkln Eg.krks] ^^iksykn[kkukus ikn’kgktoG orZeku lkafxrys dh jktk dksBMhr gksrk- ojpsoj tkÅu

ikgkr vlrk ,dk,dh xbZc tkgkyk- iGkyk fdaok tfeuhe/;s ?kqlyk] dh vLekuke/;s xsyk gs u dGs-

** vkSjaxtsckus f’kokth egkjktkauk idM.;klkBh vkiy s ?kksMnG jokuk dsys- nf{k.ksdMs tk.kkjs jLrs

jks[kwu /kj.;kr vkys- ’kgjke/;s pkSD;k clo.;kr vkY;k- osxosxG;k izkarkrhy vf/kdkÚ;kauk

dGfo.;kr vkys- ijarq R;kpk dkghp mi;ksx >kyk ukgh- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k lqVdsfo"k;h vkSjaxtsckus

70

jkeflaxkl /kkjsoj /k:u R;kph eulc deh dsyh- f’kokth egkjktkacjkscj vkX;zkl vkysY;k o mRrjsr

vlysY;k j?kqukFkiar dksjMs] nRrkth f=acd] fgjksth QtZan] enkjh esgrj] doh ijekuan ;kauk idM.;kr

vkys- i.k R;kpk dkghp mi;ksx >kyk ukgh-

f’kokth egkjkt vkSjaxtsckP;k dSnsrwu dls ckgsj iMys ;kfo"k;h fofo/k ers O;Dr dsyh

tkrkr- lHkkln c[kj] ts/ks ’kdkoyh] Hkhelsu lDlsuk o jktLFkkuh dkxni=kae/;s f’kokth egkjkt

feBkbZP;k isVkÚ;kr clwu ckgsj iMY;kph ekfgrh fnyh vkgs- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k iyk;ukfo"k;h

lHkkln Eg.krks] ^^ex ,ds fno’kh jkts o jktiq= ,dkp isVkÚ;kr clys- iq<s ekxs isVkjs d:u e/;s

isVkfj;kr clwu pkfyys-** iq<hy dkGkrhy /kkoiGhpk izokl o lqjf{krrk ;k dkj.kklkBh f’kokth

egkjktkauh laHkkth jktsauk eFkqjsl d`".kkthiar o dk’khiar ;kaP;kdMs Bsoys- eq?ky lSU;kpk ikBykx

pqdor f’kokth egkjkt o R;kaaps vuq;k;h eFkqjk & o`ankou & okjk.k’kh &iz;kx & xksaMo.k &

xksoGdksaMk vlk izokl djr 12 lIVsacj 1666 jksth jk;xMkl iksgpys- iq<s uksOgsacj 1666 e/;s

laHkkth jkts jk;xMkl ijrys- f’kokth egkjkt vkX;zko:u lqVwu vkY;kph ckreh letrkp nf{k.ksr

vlysY;k t;flaxkl izpaM /kDdk clyk o iq<s R;krp R;kpk ’ksoV >kyk- vkfny’kkgh njckjklgh

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k lqVdseqGs /kDdk clyk- lqjrdj baxztkaukgh dkGth okVw ykxyh- iksrqZxhtkauh ek=

f’kokth egkjktkaps vfHkuanu dsys- vkSjaxtsckP;k dSnsrwu f’kokth egkjktkauh ;’kLoh iyk;u dsY;keqGs

R;kaph fdrhZ loZ= iljyh-

3- 3- 5- lqjrsph nqljh yqV

vkX;zkP;k dSnsrwu lqVwu vkY;kuarj f’kokth egkjktkauh eq?kyka’kh lyks[;kps laca/k Bso.;koj Hkj

fnyk gksrk- R;kauh vkiys loZ y{k LojkT;kph ?kMh clo.;koj fnys gksrs- iqjanjP;k rgkuqlkj f’kYyd

jkfgysys LojkT; vkfFkZd o y"djhn"V;k l{ke dj.;klkBh eq?ky] vkfny’kgk o dqrwc’kgk’kh dkgh

dkGklkBh ’kkarrsps laca/k Bso.ks R;kauk xjtsps okVr gksrs- 1667 rs 1669 Ik;Zar f’kokth egkjktkauh

eq?kyka’kh lyks[;kps laca/k Bsoys gksrs- 1670 iklwu ek= eq?kykafo"k;hP;k ;k /kksj.kkr R;kauh cny dsyk-

1670 iklwu eq?kykafo:/n vkØed /kksj.kkpk Lohdkj d:u iqjanjP;k rgkuqlkj eq?kykauk fnysys fdYys

ftadwu ?ks.;kps /kksj.k f’kokth egkjktkauh Lohdkjys- R;kuqlkj Qsczqokjh 1670 e/;s flagxM] ekpZ 1670

e/;s iqjanj] ekpZ 1670 e/;s dY;k.k&fHkoaMh gk izns’k] es 1670 e/;s yksgxM] twu 1670 e/;s

ekgqyh o jksfgMk gs fdYys ftadwu ?ksrys- rj 3 o 4 vkWDVkscj 1670 e/;s lqjrsph R;kauh iqUgk yqV

dsyh-

f’kokth egkjktkauh lqjrsph iqUgk dsysyh yqV gk R;kauh eq?kykafo:/n Lohdkjysy;k vkØed

/kksj.kkpkp ,d Hkkx gksrk- eq?kykauk /kMk f’kdo.;kcjkscjp LojkT;kpk vkfFkZd Qk;nk ;k yqVhe/kwu

71

dj.;koj R;kauh Hkj fnyk- vkWDVkscj 1670e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh vpkudi.ks dksd.kkrwu

fd.kkÚ;kP;k ekxkZus lqjrsoj ia/kjk gtkj lSU;klg Nkik ?kkryk- lqjrsP;k laj{k.kklkBh ,d gtkjgh lSU;

uOgrs- 3 o 4 vkWDVkscj 1670 jksth lqjr ’kgjkph eulksDr yqV dsyh- ejkB;kauh eksBeksBs okMs

yqVys- ;kizlaxh f’kokth egkjktkauh baxztkauk vHk; fnys- f’kokth egkjktkauh vki.kkl =kl fnyk ukgh

v’kh uksan MpkaP;k i=kae/;s vkgs- ;k yqVhe/;s f’kokth egkjktkauk 66 yk[kkaph yqV feGkyh- lqjrsP;k

laj{k.kklkBh eq?ky lSU; ;sr vlY;kph ckreh letrkp 5 vkWDVkscj 1670 jksth ejkBs ijr fu?kkys-

ckxyk.k ekxkZauh ijr ;srkuk [kkuns’kpk eq?ky lqHksnkj nkÅn[kku dqjs’kh o ejkB;kaP;kr o.kh fnaMksjh ;sFks

;q/n >kys- ;k ;q/nkr ejkB;kauh nkÅn[kku dqjs’kh ;kpk ijkHko dsyk- ;k la?k"kkZr eksxykaps rhu gtkj

lSU; Bkj >kys- lqjr yqVhph lqjrsP;k yksdkauh pkaxyhp ng’kr ?ksryh- f’kokth egkjkt ijr lqjr

yqV.;klkBh vkY;kP;k vQok vusd fnol mBr xsY;k- lqjr yqVheqGs lqjrspk O;kikj eankor xsyk-

baxztkauh O;kikjklkBh lqjr ,soth eqacbZ eq[; dsanz cuoys-

3- 4- f’kokth egkjktkapk jkT;kfHk"ksd

e/;;qxhu egkjk"VªkP;kp uOgs rj HkkjrkP;k bfrgklkrhy ,d egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk Eg.kwu f’kokth

egkjktkauh dsysY;k fof/k;qDr jkT;kfHk"ksdkdMs ikfgys tkrs- jkT;kfHk"ksdkeqGs f’kokth egkjktkauh LFkkiu

dsysY;k jkT;kl dk;ns’khj Lo:Ik izkIr >kys- HkkjrkP;k cgqrka’k Hkkxkr eqLyhe lRrkaps opZLo

vlrkuk R;kaP;k’kh lkrR;kus la?k"kZ d:u f’kokth egkjktkauh ’kqU;krwup ufou Lora= jkT; LFkkiu dsys-

R;kaps gs dk;Z vlkekU; Lo:ikps gksrs- jkT;kfHk"ksdkeqGs ejkBh ek.klkaph vfLerk ftoar >kyh-

f’kokth egkjktkauh o;kP;k 15 O;k o"kkZiklwu LojkT; LFkkiusps ts vlkekU; dk;Z dsys gksrs R;kph

ifj.krh jkT;kfHk"ksd lksgG;ke/;s gks.ks vVG gksrs- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k jkT;kfHk"ksdkfo"k;h lHkkln

Eg.krks] ^^;k ;qxh loZ i`Fohoj EysaPN ckn’kgk- gk eÚgkVk ikr’kgk ;so<k N=irh tkyk] gh xks"V

dkgh lkekU; tkyh ukgh-** eq?ky] vkfny’kgk o dqrwc’kgk ;k jktoVhr pkdjh d:u vusd ejkBk

ljnkj Lor%yk jkts Eg.kowu ?ksr vlr- i.k R;kauk Lor%yk fo/kh;qDr jkT;kfHk"ksd ek= djrk ;sr uls-

jkT;kfHk"k sdkP;k ek/;ekrwu f’kokth egkjktkauh eq?ky] vkfny’kgk o dqrwc’kgk ;kauk vki.k Lora= o

lkoZHkkSe lRrk/kh’k >kY;kps nk[kowu fnys- fganw turslkBh ,d Lora= jkT; o jktk vkgs ;kph tk.kho

d:u fnyh-

jkT;kfHk"ksd dj.;kpk fopkj usedk dks.kkpk gksrk o gk fopkj f’kokth egkjktkaP;k eukr dsaOgk

vkyk ;kfo"k;h fofo/k ers O;Dr dsyh tkrkr- lHkklnkus xkxkHkV~VkP;k vkxzgkeqGs] ejkBk lkezkT;kP;k

NksV;k c[kjhe/;s lokZapk euksn; >kyk rj fpV.khl c[kjhe/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh jkT;kfHk"ksd d:u

?ks.;kpk fu’p; dsyk vls EgVys vkgs- ;k lanHkkZr lHkkln Eg.krks] ^^osnewfrZ jktsJh xkxkHkV Eg.kwu

okjk.k’khgwu jkft;kph fdrhZ ,sdwu n’kZukl vkys--- R;kaps ers] eqlyeku ckn’kgk rDrh clwu] N=

72

/k:u] ikr’kkgh dfjrkr] vkf.k f’kokthjkts ;kauhgh pkj ikr’kkgh ncfoY;k] vkf.k ikÅ.k yk[k ?kksMk

y"dj xMdksV vls (esGfoys) vlrk R;kl rDr ukgh- ;kdfjrk eÚgkBk jktk N=irh Ogkok vls

fpRrkr vkf.kys- vkf.k (rs) jkft;klfg ekuys-** jkT;kfHk"ksd dj.;kpk fopkj Lor% f’kokth

egkjktkapkp vlyk ikfgts- R;kaP;k ;k dYiusl R;kaP;k lgdkÚ;kapkgh ikfBack vlyk ikfgts-

R;kpcjkscj egRodka{kh eukso`RrhP;k fttkckbZaphgh izsj.kk jkT;kfHk"ksdkckcr vlyh ikfgts- R;kauh

jkT;kfHk"ksd dsyk ulrk rj vusd ladVkoj ekr d:u eksB;k d"Vkus o ftn~nhus fuekZ.k dsysY;k

LojkT;kl vFkZp jkfgyk ulrk- fof/k;qDr jkT;kfHk"ksd dsY;keqGs LojkT;kyk [kÚ;k vFkkZus dk;ns’khj o

lkoZHkkSe Lo:i izkIr >kys- f’kokth egkjktkauh jkT;kfHk"ksd dj.;kl izkeq[;kus iq<hy dkj.ks dkj.khHkwr

Bjyh-

jkT;kfHk"ksdkph dkj.ks

1- e/;;qxhu dky[kaMkr fof/k;qDr jkT;kfHk"ksd dsysY;k jktkps jkT; gsp [kjs dk;ns’khj jkT; vls

ekuys tkr gksrs- eq?ky] vkfny’kgk o dqrwc’kgk gs [kjs jkT;drsZ vkgsr- f’kokth egkjktkauh

jkT;kfHk"ksd u dsY;keqGs eq?ky] vkfny’kgk] dqrwc’kgk ;k LFkkfud lRrk/kh’kkacjkscjp baxzt]

Ýsap] iksrqZxht] Mp gs ijdh; O;kikjh R;kauk [kjk jktk ekuk.;kl r;kj uOgrs-

2- f’kokth egkjktkauh iq.ks] lqis] pkd.k vkf.k bankiwj ;k izns’kkrwu LojkT; LFkkiusdMs okVpky

lq: dsyh gksrh- gk izns’k vkfny’kgkus ’kgkth jktsaauk tgkfxjh Eg.kwu fnyk gksrk- ’kgkth

jkts Lor% dukZVdkr okLrO;kl vlY;kus R;k auh gk izns’k f’kokth egkjktkadMs lksioyk gksrk-

vkfny’kgk f’kokth egkjktkaps jkT; Eg.kts vkiY;kp jkT;kpk ,d Hkkx vkgs vls ekur gksrk-

vkfny’kgk f’kokth egkjktkauk Lora= jktk u ekurk vkiY;k ljnkjkpk ,d ’kDrh’kkyh

caM[kksj eqyxk letr vls- vki.k caM[kksj ljnkj ulwu Lora= jkT;drsZ vkgksr gs nk[kowu

ns.;klkBh R;kauk jkT;kfHk"ksd dj.ks xjtsps gksrs-

3- e/;;qxhu dky[kaMkr oru fdaok bukes ns.;kpk dk;ns’khj vf/kdkj jktkauk gksrk-

flagklukf/k"Bhr jktkps jkT;p dk;ns’khj jkT; o ;k jktkps QekZu gs ljdkjh QekZu ekuys

tkr gksrs- f’kokth egkjktkauh Lor%yk jkT;kfHk"ksd u dsY;keqGs R;kaps QekZu gs ljdkjh QekZu

letys tkr uOgrs-

4- ejkBs ljnkjkaph ekufldrkgh f’kokth egkjktkaP;k jkT;kfHk"ksdkl dkj.khHkwr Bjyh- rRdkyhu

ifjfLFkrhr ejkBs ljnkj eq?ky] vkfny’kgk o dqrwc’kgk ;k lRrk/kh’kkadMs pkdjh djr vlr

o Lor%yk jkts gk fdrkc ykor vlr- gs ljnkj f’kokth egkjktkauk Lora= jktk u ekurk

vkiY;krhy ,d ejkBk ljnkj ekur vlr- ;k ljnkjkaizek.ks vki.k ’kkgh jktoVhaps ljnkj

73

ulwu Lora= jkts vkgksr gs fl/n dj.;klkBh f’kokth egkjktkauk jkT;kfHk"k sd dj.ks vko’;d

gksrs-

5- czkEg.k xqUgsxkjkauk f’k{kk dj.;kpk vf/kdkj QDr jktkykp gksrk- f’kokth egkjktkauh Lor%yk

fo/kh;qDr jkT;kfHk"ksd u dsY;kus vkiY;k opZLok[kkyhy izns’kkrhy czkEg.k xqUgsxkjkauk f’k{kk

dj.;kpk vf/kdkj R;kauk izkIr >kyk uOgrk- czkEg.k xqUgsxkjkl f’k{kk ns.;klkBh R;kauk czEgo`an

teowu fdaok dk’khLr czkEg.kkadMwu rs lksMokos ykxr vlr-

6- f’kokth egkjktkauh fo/kh;qDr jkT;kfHk"ksd u dsY;keqGs eq?ky] vkfny’kgk o dqrwc’kgk gs

jkT;drsZ f’kokth egkjktkauk [kjs jkT;drsZ ekur ulr- ojhy lRrk/kh’k f’kokth egkjktka’kh

cjkscjhP;k ukR;kus rg fdaok eS=h djr ulr- R;kaph ekulhdrk f’kokth egkjkt gs caM[kksj

ljnkj vkgsr v’khp gksrh- vkxzk HksfVP;k osGh eq?ky njckjkr vkSjaxtsckus fnysyh nq¸;e

okx.kwd gh ;kp ekulhdrspk Hkkx gksrh- 1672 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh xksoGdksaM;kpk uok

lqyrku vcqy glu’kh rg dsyk- i.k vcqy gluP;k n`"Vhdksukrwu f’kokth egkjkt Lora=

jkT;drsZ uOgrs-

7- LojkT;krhy lkekU; yksdkauk f’kokth egkjktkauh jkT;kfHk"ksd djkok vlsp okVr gksrs-

f’kokth egkjktkauh eksB;k d"Vkus mH;k dsysY;k LojkT;kyk dk;ns’khj vf/kdkj feGkok vls

lkekU; tursykgh okVr gksrs- eqLyhe lRrk/kh’kkauk izfrdkj d:u fganwps Lora= jkT; vfLrRokr

;kos v’kh R;kaph eukseu bPNk gksrh-

8- fot;uxj lkezkT;kP;k vLrkuarj cgqrka’k Hkkjr eqLyhe lRrk/kh’kkaP;k opZLok[kkyh gksrk- ;k

lRrk/kh’kkadMwu jktlRrspk mi;ksx d:u Hkkjrkr eqLyhe /kekZpk izpkj o izlkj dsyk tkr

gksrk- ;k lRrk/kh’kkaP;k ;k /kksj.kkl fganwps Lora= jkT; LFkkiu d:u t’kkl rls mRrj ns.ks

xjtsps gksrs- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k iz;Rukrwu fganwps ,d Lora= jkT; vfLrRokr ;s.kkj gksrs- ;k

jkT;kP;k ek/;ekrwu fganw /kekZps] fganw tursps laj{k.k o fgr lk/kys tk.kkj gksrs-

9- Ikj’kqjkeus i`Fohrykojhy {k=h;kapk ,dohl osGk uk’k dsY;keqGs i`Fohrykoj {k=h; ukghr vlk

let rRdkyhu ifjfLFkrhe/;s lektkr :<>kyk gksrk- {kf=;kaukp jkT;kfHk"ksd djrk ;srks vls

EgVys tkr gksrs- lektkr iljysyk gk xSjlet jkT;kfHk"ksd d:u f’kokth egkjktkauk nwj

djk;pk gksrk- vki.k f’klksfn;k oa’kkrhy jtiwr vkgksr gs fl/n dj.;klkBh f’kokth

egkjktkauh ckGkth vkoth] ds’koHkV iqjksfgr] HkkypanzHkV ;kauk mRrjsr ikBoys- mRrjsr tkÅu

R;kauh t;iwjP;k jkt?kjk.;krwu feGoysY;k f’klksfn;k dqGkP;k oa’kkoGhuqlkj f’kokth egkjkt

f’klksfn;k oa’kkrhy vkgsr gs R;kauh Li"V dsys-

74

f’kokth egkjktkauh Lor%yk jkT;kfHk"ksd dk d:u ?ksryk gs Li"V djrkuk xks- l- ljnslkbZ

Eg.krkr] ^^f’kokthus LojkT;kpk miØe lu 1644 r lq: dsyk- rhl o"kkZaP;k m|ksxkus ejkB;kaps Lora=

jkT; fuekZ.k gksÅu R;kpk opd [kqn~n egkjk"Vªkoj o ckgsjP;k lRrk/kh’kkaoj clyk- rsOgk ;k m|ksxkl

uhrhps o dk;|kps dk;e Lo:Ik nsÅu loZ tursP;k fBdk.kh ;k uwru jkT;kph tk.kho mRiUu

dj.;klkBh f’kokthus vki.kkl ;Fkkfo/kh jkT;kfHk"ksd djowu ?ks.;kpk ladYi Bjfoyk-**

jkT;kfHk"ksdkiwohZP;k gkypkyh

jkT;kfHk"ksd d:u ?ks.;kps fuf’pr >kY;kuarjgh f’kokth egkjktkaP;k jktdh; gkypkyh pkywp

gksR;k- R;kauh vkiY;k jktdh; gkypkyhe/;s dlykgh [kaM iMw fnyk uOgrk- jkT;kfHk"ksdkph eksBh

r;kjh jk;xMkoj lq: vlrk nksu nqnSZoh ?kVuk ?kMY;k- ifgyh nqnSZoh ?kVuk Eg.kts f’kokth egkjktkaps

ljukscr izrkijko xqtj 24 Qsczqokjh 1674 jksth usljhP;k y<kbZr ekjyk xsyk- nqljh nqnSZoh ?kVuk

Eg.kts f’kokth egkjktkaph iRuh dk’khckbZ ;k 16 ekpZ 1674 jksth jk;xMkoj ej.k ikoY;k- ;k

nq%[kn ?kVukeqGs f’kokth egkjktkauk nq%[k gks.ks LokHkkfod gksrs- i.k jkT;kfHk"ksd fo/kh pkrqekZlkiwohZ

T;s"B ’kq/n 13 ’kds 1596 ;k eqgwrkZoj dj.;kps Bjo.;kr vkys gksrs- ,fizy 1674 e/;s f’kokth

egkjktkauh vkiY;k fpiGwu ;sFkhy y"djh rGkph igk.kh dsyh- gachjjko eksfgrs ;kaph ejkB;kaP;k

ljukscr inkoj fu;qDrh dsyh- 24 ,fizy 1674 jksth f’kokth egkjktkauh dsGatkdksV ftadwu eksBk

fot; feGoyk- es 1674 e/;s R;kauh fpiGwuP;k y"djh rGkl iqUgk HksV fnyh o rsFkwu jk;xMkl

vkys- vkiY;k dqynsorsps n’kZu ?ks.;klkBh f’kokth egkjkt 19 es 1674 jksth jk;xMko:u

izrkixMkl vkys- nsohps n’kZu ?ksÅu nsohyk lOok e.k otukps lksU;kps Nr fo/khiwoZd viZ.k dsys-

29 es 1674 jksth f’kokth egkjktkaps ekSthca/ku (miu;ufo/kh) >kys- ;kp fno’kh izk;f’pRr fo/kh

Eg.kwu rqyknkufo/kh dj.;kr vkyk-

jkT;kfHk"ksd lksgGk

f’kokth egkjktkapk jkT;kfHk"ksd iqjksxkeh fopkjlj.khpk fo}ku iafMr xkxkHkV~V ;kP;kdMwu

dj.;kps fuf’pr >kys gksrs-

30 es 1674 % (’kfuokj) f’kokth egkjktkaps ekSthca/ku >kY;keqGs ’kkL=kuqlkj jk.;ka’kh iqUgk fookg

gks.ks vko’;d gksrs- R;keqGs f’kokth egkjktkauh lea=d fookg dsys- ;k fookgkeqGs jktk Eg.kwu

f’kokth egkjkt vkf.k iV~Vjk.kh Eg.kwu lks;jkckbZ ;kauk jkT;kfHk"ksdklkBh ykx.kkjs gDd ’kkL=kuqlkj izkIr

>kys- ok- lh- csUnzs Eg.krkr] ^^yXufo/kh lea=d >kY;kus oSfnd i/nrhizek.ks jkT;kfHk"ksdfo/kh liRuhd

dj.;kl ’kkL=kuqlkj eksdGhd >kyh-**

75

31 es 1674 % (jfookj) jfookjh ,sUnzh’kkarhP;k dk;kZl izkjaHk >kyk- vXuhizfr"Bk dj.;kr vkyh-

banzk.khph iwtk] prq"daHkLFkkiu] ,s’kku;kx b- fo/kh ikj ikM.;kr vkys- vkpk;Z vkf.k _fRot ;kauk

lqo.kZnf{k.kk ns.;kr vkyh-

1 twu 1674 % (lkseokj) xzg;K o R;kuarj u{k=gkse gs fo/kh dj.;kr vkys-

2 twu 1674 % (eaxGokj) eaxGokj o uoeh jkT;kfHk"ksdkP;k dk;kZl fuf"k/n vlY;keqGs ;k fno’kh

dks.krkgh fo/kh dj.;kr vkyk ukgh-

3 twu 1674 % (cq/kokj) Uk{k=;K dj.;kr vkyk-

4 twu 1674 % (xq:okj) ;k fno’kh jk=h fu_Zfr;kx gk ;K ikj iMyk- ekal] eRL; o efnjk ;kaph

;kizlaxh vkgqrh ns.;kr vkyh- ;kxkuarj Luku d:u iq.;kgokpu dj.;kr vkys-

5 twu 1674 % (’kqdzokj) gk fnol jkT;kfHk"ksd lekjaHkkpk lkrok vkf.k eq[; fnol gksrk-

czkEg.kHkkstu vkf.k ,sUnzh’kkarhP;k eq[; dk;kZph lekIrh dj.;kr vkyh- jkT;kfHk"k sdkpk eqgwrZ =;ksn’khpk

vlY;keqGs lk;adkGiklwu igkVsi;Zar gk eaxyfo/kh lq: gksrk- jkT;kfHk"k sd lekjaHk ’kqdzokj fn- 5 twu

jksth lk;adkGiklwu lq:okr gksÅu rks ’kfuokj fn- 6 twu jksth ldkGh iw.kZ >kyk-

f’kokth egkjkt flagklukoj clys vkf.k LojkT;kps LoIu [kÚ;k vFkkZus lkdkj >kys- jk;xM

fdY;kao:u rksQkaph lykeh ns.;kr vkyh- eaxyok|kaP;k tYyks"kkeqGs LojkT;krhy okrkoj.k eaxye;

>kys- jkT;kfHk"ksd laiUu >kY;kuarj jk;xM fdY;kcjkscjp laiw.kZ LojkT;kr vkuankps] mRlkgkps o

pSrU;kps okrkoj.k fuekZ.k >kys- jkT;kfHk"ksdkps o.kZu djrkuk lHkkln Eg.krks] ^^lokZl ueu d:u

(egkjkt) vfHk"ksdkl lqo.kZpkSdhoj clys- v"Viz/kku o Fkksj Fkksj czkEg.kkauh LFkGksLFkGhph mnds d:u

lqo.kZdy’kik=h vfHk"ksd dsyk- fnO; oL=s] fnO; vyadkj ?ksÅu] loZ iwT; eaMGhl ueLdkj d:u

flagklukoj clys-fdR;sd uojRukfnd lqo.kZdeGs o ukuk lqo.kZQqys] oL=s m/kaM fn/kyh- nkui/nrhizek.ks

"kksM’k egknkus bR;kfnd nkus dsyh- flagklukl v"V [kkac tfMr dsys- R;k LFkkuh v"V & iz/kkukauh mHks

jkgkos- iwohZ d`rk;qxh] =srk;qxh] }kikjh dy;qxkps Bk;h iq.;’yksd jkts flagkluh cSlys-** f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k jkT;kfHk"ksdkps o.kZu lHkkln c[kjhizek.ksp fpV.khl c[kj o gsUjh vkWfD>aMsuP;k

jkstfu’khe/;sgh dsys vkgs-

jkT;kfHk"ksdkps egRo

e/;;qxhu egkjk"VªkP;kp uOgs rj e/;;qxhu HkkjrkP;k bfrgklkrhy egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk Eg.kwu

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k jkT;kfHk"ksdkdMs ikfgys tkrs- jkT;kfHk"ksdkps egRo fo’kn djrkuk lHkkln Eg.krks]

76

^^;k ;qxh loZ i`Fohoj EysaPN ckn’kgk- eÚgkVk ikr’kgk ;so<k N=irh tkyk- gh xks"V dkgh lkekU;

tkyh ukgh----** 6 twu 1674 jksth f’kokth egkjktkauh jkT;kfHk"ksd d:u ,dk Lora= o lkoZHkkSe fganw

jkT;kph LFkkiuk dsyh- f’kojkT;kfHk"ksdkps egRo Li"V djrkuk ok- lh- csUnsz Eg.krkr] ^f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k T;k la?kVukRed dk;kZeqGs egkjk"Vªkr jktdh;] lkekftd o ikjekfFkZd laLd`frph ewY;s

[kksyoj :tyh xsyh] ;kp egkjk"VªkP;k gRiVykoj jkT;laLFksP;k mRdzkUr] laLd`frps izfrfcac fpjatho

dj.;kps dk;Z ;k f’kojkT;kfHk"ksdfo/khr vkgs- dkj.k R;k ?kVusus jkT;O;ogkjkr vf[ky lektkyk

lekursP;k ikrGhoj vk.kys o /kkfeZd O;kogkfjd ikjra«;kyk vkGk ?kky.;kps ,d ra= fuekZ.k >kys---*

jkT;kfHk"ksdkps egRo lkaxrkuk lsrqek/kjko ixMh Eg.krkr] ^^ijdh vkf.k vlfg".kw lRrsfo:/n Hkkjrh;

turspk {kksHk mlGwu vkyk- R;kps izfrd Eg.kts ,rn~ns’kh; v’kk Lora= jkT;kph LFkkiuk gs gks;- ;k

?kVusus Hkkjrh; vfLerk tkxr >kyh vkf.k vBjkO;k ’krdkr eksxy lkezkT; dkslGwu iMys-**

1- f’kokth egkjktkauh jkT;kfHk"k sd d:u ejkB;kaps Lora= o lkoZHkkSe jkT; LFkkiu dsY;keqGs

pkj’ks o"kkZis{kk vf/kd dkG xqykefxjhr [khrir iMysY;k Hkkjrh; eukso`Rrhyk foy{k.k

psruk feGkyh-

2- e/;;qxhu HkkjrkP;k bfrgklkrhy lqo.kkZ{kjkus ueqn dj.;kph gh ?kVuk gksrh-

f’kojkT;kfHk"ksdkeqGs ,dk uO;k ;qxkph lq:okr >kyh- eqLyhe jktoVhP;k opZLok[kkyh

loZLo gjowu clysY;k lektke/;s Lokra«;kph] LokfHkekukph o ijkØekph Hkkouk fuekZ.k

dj.;kps dk;Z jkT;kfHk"ksdkus dsys-

3- f’kojkT;kfHk"ksdkeqGs f’kokth egkjktkaP;k jktinkyk dk;|kph ekU;rk feGkyh- 1645

iklwu lq: dsysys LojkT; LFkkiusps dk;Z [kÚ;k vFkkZus lkFkZdh ykxys-

4- jkT;kfHk"ksdkeqGs fganwuk Lora= jktk feGkyk- R;kaP;ke/khy U;wuxaMkph Hkkouk ukfg’kh >kyh-

eqLyhe jktoVha’kh la?k"kZ d:u ejkBs Lora= jkT; LFkkiu d: ’kdrkr gs f’kokth egkjktkauh

vkiY;k drZRokrwu nk[kowu fnys-

5- i`Fohoj dks.khgh {kf=; ukgh R;keqGs dk s.kh jktk cuw ’kdr ukgh ;k fopkjkyk [kÚ;k vFkkZus

eqBekrh feGkyh-

6- jkT;kfHk"ksdkeqGs fot;uxj lkezkT;kP;k vLrkuarj f’kokth egkjktkaP;k ek/;ekrwu fganwauk

Lora= jktk feGkyk- ejkB;kaP;k ijkHkwr eukso`Rrhyk jkT;kfHk"ksdkeqGs uolathouh izkIr >kyh-

o"kkZuqo"ksZ vfLrRokr vlysY;k xqykefxjhP;k ’k`a[kyk jkT;kfHk"k sdkeqGs xGwu iMY;k-

7- jkT;kfHk"ksdkeqGs U;k;nkukP;k lanHkkZrhy f’kokth egkjktkaph vMp.k nwj >kyh-

jkT;kfHk"ksdkeqGs czkEg.k xqUgsxkjkauk f’k{kk dj.;kpk vf/kdkj f’kokth egkjktkauk feGkyk-

77

8- laLd`r Hkk"kspk loZ= okij dj.;koj Hkj nsÅu Qkj’kh Hkk"ksps egRo deh >kys-

jkT;kfHk"ksdkP;k ek/;ekrwu f’kokth egkjktkauh lg;knzhP;k dq’khr ykoysys LojkT;kps jksiVs

igkrk igkrk HkkjrkP;k cgqrka’k Hkkxkr iljr xsys-

f’kokth egkjktkapk nqljk jkT;kfHk"ksd

24 lIVsacj 1674 jksth f’kokth egkjktkauh nqljk jkT;kfHk"ksd dsyk- ifgyk jkT;kfHk"ksd

xkxkHkV~V ;kus oSfnd i/nrhus dsyk gksrk rj nqljk jkT;kfHk"ksd fu’pyiqjh ;kus rkaf=d i/nrhus dsyk-

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k nqlÚ;k jkT;kfHk"ksdkph ekfgrh ^Jhf’kojkT;kfHk"ksddYir:* ;k xzaFkkrwu feGrs-

LojkT;krhy dkght.kkauh mifLFkr dsysY;k ’kadkaps fujl.k dj.;klkBh R;kauh nqljk jkT;kfHk"ksd dsyk

vlkok- xkxkHkV~Vkus oSfnd i/nrhus dssysY;k jkT;kfHk"ksdkr dkgh =qVh jkfgY;k vkgsr vls fu’pyiqjhus

lkaxhrys gksrs- nqljk jkT;kfHk"ksdkl izkeq[;kus iq<hyizek.ks dkj.ks dkj.khHkwr Bjyh-

1- f’kokth egkjktkapk jkT;kfHk"ksd lksgGk ikgwu lokZr vf/kd lek/kku fttkckbZauk >kys gksrs-

i.k jkT;kfHk"ksd lksgG;kuarj vo?;k 12 O;k fno’kh 17 twu 1674 jksth fttkckbZaps fu/ku

>kys- laHkkth jktsaP;k xG;krhy eksrhgkjkrhy nksu eksrh xgkG >kys- izrkixMkojhy ?kksM;kph

ikxk tGkyh- ;k loZ v’kqHk ?kVukapk laca/k fu’pyiqjhus xkxkHkV~Vkus dsysY;k ifgY;k

jkT;kfHk"ksdkrhy =qVha’kh tksMyk-

2- f’kokth egkjktkapk ifgyk jkT;kfHk"ksd xkxkHkV~Vkus oSfnd i/nrhus dsyk gksrk- oSfnd i/nrhl

fu’pyi qjhpk fojks/k gksrk- fu’pyiqjhpk rkaf=d i/nrhoj fo’okl gksrk- xkxkHkV~Vkus dsysY;k

oSfnd i/nrhP;k jkT;kfHk"ksdkosGh x`gnsork] xzkensork] eaMinsork] LFkkunsork] LraHknsork ;k

nsorkaps iwtu >kys ukgh vls fu’pyiqjhus lkafxrys-

3- IkfgY;k jkT;kfHk"ksdkP;k osGsl xkxkHkV~V o R;kaP;k vuq;k;kauk f’kokth egkjktkauh eksB;k

izek.kkr nf{k.kk fnY;k gksR;k- R;kpcjkscj rkaf=d i/nrhdMs ifgY;k jkT;kfHk"ksdkr nqyZ{k >kys

gksrs- R;keqGs fu’pyiqjh o R;kps vuq;k;h vLoLFk >kys gksrs-

4- IkfgY;k jkT;kfHk"ksdkP;k uarj ts vi’kdwu >kys gksrs R;kpk laca/k fu’pyiqjhus ifgY;k

jkT;kfHk"ksdkrhy =qVha’kh tksMyk gksrk- R;keqGs lkekU; turkgh ’kadkdwy >kyh gksrh-

Okjhy dkj.kkaeqGs f’kokth egkjktkauh nqljk jkT;kfHk"ksd dsyk- nqljk jkT;kfHk"ksdkP;k lanHkkZr ok-

lh- csUnzs Eg.krkr] ^^;k fo/khl egkjktkauh dsoG iwjd fo/kh Eg.kwu ekU;rk fnyh vlkoh-** nqljk

jkT;kfHk"ksd ,dk fnolkr iw.kZ dj.;kr vkyk-

3- 5- f’kokth egkjktkaph dukZVd eksfge

ekpZ 1677 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh Hkkxkuxjyk dqrwc’kgkph HksV ?ksÅu dukZVd eksfge gkrh

?ksryh- jkT;kfHk"ksdkP;k uarjph lokZr eksBh eksfge Eg.kwu dukZVd eksfgesdMs ikfgys tkrs- ;k eksfgesP;k

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ek/;ekrwu R;kaps mRd`"V fu;kstu] /kkMl] ’kkS;Z] eqRln~nsfxjh] ;q/ndkS’kY;] usr`Roxq.k] egRodka{kk]

jktdkj.kpkrq;Z o nwjn`"Vh fnlwu ;srs- nwjojP;k izns’kkr ;kstukc/n eksfge d’kh dk<koh ;kpk vkn’kZ

oLrqikB R;kauh ;k eksfgesP;k ek/;ekrwu ?kkywu fnyk- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k lkglh egRodka{ksps mnkgj.k

Eg.kwu dukZVd eksfge izfl/n vkgs- vkfny’kgkP;k opZLok[kkyhy izns’k ftad.;kph eksfge gkrh ?ksrkuk

xksoGdksaM;kP;k dqrwc’kgkcjkscj eS=h dj.;kph nwjn`"Vh R;kauh ;k eksfgesr nk[kowu fnyh- dukZVd

eksfgesoj fu?k.;kiwohZ LojkT;kph pks[k O;oLFkk R;kauh ykoyh gksrh- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dukZVd

eksfgesps vusd mn~ns’k@dkj.ks lkaxhrys tkrkr rs iq<hy izek.ks vkgsr-

dukZVd eksfgesph dkj.ks

1- LojkT;kpk foLrkj

LojkT;kpk foLrkj dj.ks gk f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dukZVd eksfgespk eq[; mn~ns’k gksrk- lHkkln

Eg.krks] ^^rqaxHknz ns’kkiklwu dkosjhi;Zar dukZVd lk/kkos gk gsrw eukr /kfjyk-** lHkklnkps gs er ;ksX;

okVrs- dkj.k ;k eksfgesP;k ek/;erwu R;kauh dukZVdkr LojkT;kpk foLrkj dsyk- dukZVd izns’kkr

vkfny’kgkph laj{k.k O;oLFkk dedwor vlY;kus o ;k izns’kkrhy fganw uk;d Lora=i.ks okxr

vlY;kus ;k izns’kkrwu vki.kkl iz[kj fojks/k gks.kkj ukgh gs f’kokth egkjktkauh vksG[kwu ;k izns’kkr

LojkT;kpk foLrkj dsyk-

2- laiRrh feGo.ks

dukZVdkr LojkT;kpk foLrkj dj.;kcjkscjp laiRrh feGo.ks gk mn~ns’k f’kokth egkjktkapk

vlkok- ;k lanHkkZr ;nqukFk ljdkj Eg.krkr] ^^b- l- 1674 P;k twue/;s Vksystax jkT;kfHk"ksd gksÅu

y{kkof/k :Ik;kapk nku/keZ >kY;keqGs f’kokthpk [kftuk fjdkek >kysyk gksrk-** gk [kftuk Hk:u

dk<.;klkBh f’kokth egkjktkauh gh eksfge gkrh ?ksryh- dukZVd izns’kkl R;k dky[kaMkr lqo.kZHkweh

vls EgVys tkr gksrs- v|kii;Zar gk izns’k ejkB;kaP;k LokÚ;kaiklwu nwj gksrk-

3- fot;uxjP;k oSHko’kkyh lkezkT;kps iqu:Tthou

fot;uxjP;k oSHko’kkyh lkezkT;kps iqu:Tthou dj.;kP;k gsrwus f’kokth egkjktkauh dukZVd

eksfge gkrh ?ksryh vls er «;acd ’kadj ’kstoydjkauh O;Dr dsys vkgs- rs Eg.krkr] ^^f’kokthpk

gsrw Lor%l jkT;kfHk"ksd d:u ?ksrY;kiklwu vlk gksrk dh] iwohZP;k u"V >kysY;k fot;uxj lkezkT;kps

iqu:Tthou vki.k dsys vkgs] vlk Hkkl nf{k.ksrhy loZ fganwr fuekZ.k djkok] Eg.kts R;kpk mi;ksx

vki.kkl mRrjsdMwu ;s.kkÚ;k eksxyka’kh y<rkuk vo’; gksbZy-**

4- ofMyksikftZr fgLlk ?ks.ks

’kgkth jktsauh vkiY;k g;krhr dukZVdkr vkiY;k tgkfxjhpk foLrkj dsyk gksrk- dukZVdkrhy

caxyksj] dksykj] gksldksV] fpDdckGkiwj] nksM~MckGkiwj] f’kjk] fpDduk;dgGh] vkj.kh] dudfxjh ;k

79

izns’kkapk lekos’k ’kgkth jktsaP;k tgkfxjhr gksrk- 1664 e/;s ’kgkth jktsapk e`R;w >kyk- fganw

/keZ’kkL=kuqlkj ;k tgkfxjhpk v/kkZ fgLlk vki.kkl feGkok vls f’kokth egkjktkauk okVr gksrs- i.k

gk fgLlk ns.;kl O;adksth VkGkVkG djr gksrk- dukZVd eksfge gkrh ?ksÅu O;adksthph HksV ?;koh o

vkiY;k v/;kZ fgLlkph ekx.kh djkoh vls R;kauk okVr gksrs-

5- vkfny’kgkl ukeksgj.k dj.ks

vkfny’kgkP;k opZLok[kkyh dukZVd izns’k ftadwu vkfny’kgkyk ukeksgj.k dj.ks gk mn~ns’kgh

dukZVd eksfges ekxs f’kokth egkjktkapk gksrk- vkfny’kkgh njckjke/;s iBk.k ljnkjkaps fuekZ.k >kysys

opZLo R;kauk vkoMys uOgrs- nf{k.ksps jktdkj.k nf{k.kh yksdkaP;k gkrh vlkos vls R;kauk okVr gksrs-

ekyksthjkts ?kksjiMs ;kauk fyfgysY;k i=kr f’kokth egkjkt Eg.krkr] ^^vkiyh ikr’kkgh ftrdh ok<ow

frrdh ok<fo.ks iBkukaph usLrukcwn dj.ks- nf{k.ksph ikr’kkgh vkEgk n{kf.k;kaP;k gkrh jkgs gs djkos

Eg.kwu-**

6- nksu eqykalkBh nksu jkT;

f’kokth egkjktkauk laHkkth o jktkjke v’kh nksu eqys gksrh- ;k nksu eqykalkBh nksu Lora= jkT;

vkl.ks xjtsps gksrs- vkiY;k Ik’pkr jktinklkBh nksu eqykae/;s la?k"kZ gksÅ u;s vls R;kauk okVr gksrs-

nksu jkT;kaP;k lanHkkZr f’kokth egkjkt laHkkthauk dk; EgVys gs lkaxrkuk lHkkln Eg.krks] ^^vkiys iq=

nks?kst.k ,d rw laaHkkth o nqljk jktkjke- ,sfr;kl gs loZ jkT; vkgs] ;kl nksu foHkkx djrks- ,d

pafnps jkT;] ;kph gn~n rqaxHknzk rgn dkosjh gs ,d jkT; vkgs- nqljs rqaxHknzk vyhdMs xksnkojh unhi;Zar

,d jkT; vkgs- ,slh nksu jkT; vkgsr- R;kl rw ofMy iq=] rqtyk dukZVdhps jkT; fn/kys- bdMhy

jkT; jktkjkekl nsrks-**

7- Ikzkphu ijaijk

Tkwu 1674 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh jkT;kfHk"k sd d:u LojkT;kl dk;ns’khj Lo:Ik izkIr d:u

fnys- jkT;kfHk"ksd izlaxh eksB;k izek.kkr nku/keZgh dsyk- jkT;kfHk"ksdkuarj eksBh eksfge gkrh ?ks.;kph

izkphu ijaijk vfLrRokr gksrh- izkphu Hkkjrkrhy jkT;dR;kZauh gh ijaijk lq: dsyh gksrh- f’kokth

egkjktkauh dukZVd eksfge gkrh ?ksÅu gh izkphu ijaijk iq<s lq: Bsoyh-

8- Hkfo";krhy LojkT;kph dksaMh VkG.;klkBh

Ekq?kykaP;k Hkfo";krhy laaHkkO; vkdze.kkiklwu LojkT;kph gks.kkjh dksaMh VkG.;klkBh f’kokth

egkjktkauh dukZVd eksfge gkrh ?ksryh vlkoh- 1665 e/;s fe>kZ jktk t;flaxkus LojkT;koj Lokjh

d:u LojkT;kph pkaxyhp dksaMh dsyh gksrh- vkiY;k Ik’pkr vkSjaxt sc LojkT;koj vkØe.k djsy vls

R;kauk okVr gksrs- v’kk ifjfLFkrhr vkSjaxtsck’kh la?k"kZ dj.;klkBh Ik;kZ;h jkT; vlkos vls R;kauk

okVys vlkos-

80

9- nf{k.ksrhy vuqdwy ifjfLFkrh

LojkT;kpk foLrkj dj.;klkBh nf{k.ksr vuqdwy ifjfLFkrh gksrh- vkfny’kkghe/;s iBk.kkap s opZLo

ok<ys gksrs- rlsp vkfny’kkgh f[kG[khGh >kyh gksrh- v’kk ifjfLFkrhr dukZVd izns’kkoj Lokjh dsyh

rj vki.kkl Qkjlk izfrdkj gks.kkj ukgh vls R;kauk okVr gksrs- mRrjsdMs LojkT;kpk foLrkj dj.ks

cyk<; eq?ky lRrseqGs ’kD; gks.kkj uOgrs- R;keqGs nf{k.ksr lkezkT;foLrkj dj.;klkBh R;kauh dukZVd

eksfge gkrh ?ksryh-

dukZVd eksfge

LojkT;kpk pks[k cankscLr d:u ekpZ 1677 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh dukZVd eksfge gkrh

?ksryh- Hkkxkuxj ;sFks f’kokth egkjkt o dqrwc’kgk ;kaph HksV >kyh- ;k HksVhr f’kokth egkjkt o

dqrwc’kgk ;kaP;kr rg >kyk- ;k rgkuqlkj eksfgesP;k [kpkZlkBh dqrwc’kgkus f’kokth egkjktkauk jkst fru

gtkj :Ik;s n;kosr- f’kokth egkjkt fotkiwjdjkapk tks izns’k ftadrhy R;kiSdh ’kgkth jktsaaP;k

tgkfxjhpk izns’k lksMwu brj izns’k dqrwc’kgkyk n;kok vls Bjfo.;kr vkys gksrs- ekpZ 1677 P;k

v[ksjhl Hkkxkuxjo:u f’kokth egkjkt dukZVd eksfgesoj fu?kkys- R;kaP;klkscr 15 gtkj ?kksMnG o

30 gtkj ik;nG gksrs- xksoGdksaM;kpk lsukirh fe>kZ egaen vehu f’kokth egkjktkalkscr eksfgesoj

fu?kkyk- f’kokth egkjkt duZwy] fuo`Rrhlaxe ekxsZ Jh’kSyyk iksgpys- ;sFkhy efYydktqZu ;k izfl/n

T;ksfrfyZaxkps R;kauh n’kZu ?ksrys- Jh’kSyo:u vuariwj] uanh;kG] dMIik] fr:irhekxZs es 1677 P;k

ifgY;k vkBoM;kr f’kokth egkjkt isn~nkiksye ;sFks iksgpys- 13 es 1677 jksth ftath fdY;kpk

fdYysnkj ulhj egaen[kku ;kus v/kkZ yk[k tgkfxjhP;k ekscnY;kr ftath fdYyk ejkB;kaP;k Lok/khu

dsyk- ;k eksfgesr egRokpk fdYyk ejkB;kauk izkIr >kyk- fdYyk vf/kd cGdV dj.;klkBh f’kokth

egkjktkauh vko’;d R;k fBdk.kh fdY;kph MkxMqth dj.;kps vkns’k fnys- ftathpk fdYyk

ftadY;kuarj ejkB;kauh osyksjP;k fdy;kl os<k fnyk- osyksjpk fdYysnkj vCnwYyk[kku ;kus ejkB;kauk

izfrdkj dsyk- fdYyk ftadwu ?ks.;kph tckcnkjh j?kqukFkiar o vkuanjko ;kaP;koj lksiowu f’kokth

egkjkt ;k izns’kkpk lqHksnku ’ksj[kku yksnh ;kP;k ijkHkoklkBh fu?kkys- ejkB;kauh 22 tqyS 1678 jksth

osyksjpk fdYyk ftadwu ?ksryk- ’ksj[kkukpk ijkHko d:u ejkB;kauh ’ksj[kkukps 270 ?kksMs] 20 maV] 2

gRrh yqVys- ejkB;kauk 20 gtkj gksu [kaMuh ns.;kps R;kus ekU; dsys-

dukZVd eksfgesr tqyS 1677 e/;s dkosjhP;k mRrj frjkoj vlysY;k fr:okMhP;k f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k Nko.khr R;kaph o O;adksthph HksV >kyh- ;k HksVhr f’kokth egkjktkauh ’kgkth jktsaP;k

tgkfxjhiSdh v/;kZ tgkfxjhph ekx.kh O;adksthdMs dsyh- ijarq dks.krhgh okVk?kkVh u djrk O;adksth

Nko.khrwu ratkojyk iGwu xsys- f’kokth egkjktkafo:/n y<.;kph r;kjh R;kauh dsyh- ejkBk lSU;kus

81

O;adksthapk ijkHko dsyk- dksykj] gksldksV] caxywj] vj.kh b- dkosjhP;k mRrjsyk vlysyh O;adksthph

Bk.kh f’kokth egkjktkauh ftadwu ?ksryh- f’kokth egkjkt o O;adksth ;kaP;kr rg ?kMwu vkyk- R;krhy

rjrqnh iq<hyizek.ks gksR;k-

1- O;adksthus fotkiwj njckjkps pkdj Eg.kwu jkgw u;s- osGizlaxh fotkiwjdjkauk enr djko;kph

vlY;kl fe= Eg.kwu djkoh-

2- Ckaxywj] gksldksV vkf.k fljydksV gs izns’k O;adksthph iRuh nhikckbZ fgph tgkxhj Eg.kwu jkfgy-

3- Rkatkoj o R;kP;k vkliklpk 7 y{k gksu mRiUukpk izns’k O;adksthP;k rkC;kr jkfgy-

tqyS 1677 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh dukZVd eksfgesph lkaxrk dj.;kps Bjoys- ofyxaMiwje]

rqanqejxqVh] o`/nkpye ;k ekxsZ f’kokth egkjkt ofudeokMh ;sFks vkys- tkusokjh 1678 e/;s EgSlwjekxsZ

ijr ;srkuk dksIiG] xnx] cadkiwj b- izns’k ftadwu ?ksrys- csyokMh ;sFkhy nslkbZ.k lkfo=hckbZ fgpk

ijkHko f’kokth egkjktkauh dsyk- ,fizy 1678 e/;s f’kokth egkjkt iUgkGk fdY;koj vkys vkf.k

dukZVd eksfgesph lkaxrk >kyh-

dukZVd eksfgesps egRo

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k vk;q";krhy lokZr egRokph] nh?kZdkG pkyysyh o v[ksjph eksfge Eg.kwu

dukZVd eksfgesdMs ikfgys tkrs- ,d o"kkZgwu vf/kd dkG gh eksfge lq: gksrh- dukZVd eksfgesP;k

ek/;ekrwu f’kokth egkjktkauh dukZVdkr ufou jkT;kph fuehZrh dsyh- ;k eksfgesr R;kauh 20 yk[k gksu

mRiUukpk izns’k o ;k izns’kkrhy ygku eksBs 100 fdYys ftadwu ?ksrys- dukZVdkrhy izns’kkoj ejkBh

lRrsph idM ?kV~V dj.;kr f’kokth egkjktkauh ;’k feGoys- dukZVdkr ufou jkT;kph fufeZrh dsY;kus

nksu eqykalkBh nksu Lora= jkT;s fuekZ.k >kyh- LojkT;kpk foLrkj gks.;kcjkscjp eksB;k izek.kkr

laiRrhgh feGkyh- ;k laiRrhpk mi;ksx R;kauh LojkT;kpk [kftuk Hk:u dk<.;klkBh dsyk-

dukZVdkrhy ftadysY;k izns’kkph mRd`"V iz’kkldh; ?kMh clo.;kr vkyh- ftadysY;k izns’kkpk eq[;

lqHksnkj Eg.kwu R;kauh larkth Hkkslys ;kph fu;qDrh dsyh- rj j?kqukFkiar g.kears ;kl R;kpk lYykxkj

Eg.kwu fu;qDr dsys- ;k eksfgesP;k ek/;ekrwu dukZVdkr fganw lRrsps iqu:Tthou dsys- eksfge ;’kLoh

>kY;kus R;kaph fdrhZ loZ= iljyh- R;kaps drZRo ikgwu lqjrdj baxzt fyfgrkr] ^^vxnh vYidkGkr

fcufojks/k f’kokth lqjr siklwu dU;kdqekfji;ZarP;k eqy[kkpk Lokeh gks.;kl osG ykx.kkj ukgh-** rj

eqacbZd baxzt fyfgrkr] ^^Lisue/;s lh>j T;kizek.ks vkyk] R;kus ikfgys vkf.k ftadys] r}r rsFks

(dukZVdkr) f’kokthpk ijkdze gksÅu R;kyk ve;kZn laiRrh feGkyh-** nf{k.ksr ejkBh laLd`rhpk izlkj

>kyk- LojkT;kP;k dukZVdkrhy foLrkjkeqGs LojkT; laj{k.kkph nqljh QGh R;kauh fuekZ.k dsyh-

dukZVdkrhy LojkT;kP;k ;k nqlÚ;k QGhpk mi;ksx vkSjaxtsckfo:/nP;k la?k"kkZr jktkjke egkjktkauh

82

vpqdi.ks d:u ?ksryk- ;k eksfgesP;k ek/;ekrwu f’kokth egkjktkaps usr `Roxq.k] jktfuiw.krk o

eqRln~nsfxjh fnlwu vkyh-

ljkoklkBh iz’u

[kkyhy iz’ukaph mRrjs 400 ‘kCnkr fygk-

1- f’kokth egkjktkaauh tkoGh izns’kkoj Lokjh dj.;kph dkj.ks lkaxk-

2- tkoGh ispizlaxkph lfoLrj ekfgrh fo’kn djk-

3- vkfny’kgkus f’kokth egkjktkaP;k fojks/kkr vQ>y[kkukph fu;qDrh dk dsyh rs lkaxk-

4- vQ>y[kku ispizlaxkph lfoLrj ekfgrh Li‛V djk-

5- ’kkfgLrs[kku ispizlaxkph ekfgrh lkaxk-

6- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k lqjr yqVhph dkj.ks lkaxk-

7- fe>kZ jktk t;flaxkP;k Lokjhph lfoLrj ekfgrh fo’kn djk-

8- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k vkxzk HksVhph lfoLrj ekfgrh n;k-

9- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k ifgY;k jkT;kfHk"ksdkph dkj.ks Li‛V djk-

10- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dukZVd eksfgesph dkj.ks lkaxk-

fVik fygk-

1- fttkckbZ ;kaps f’kojk;kaP;k tM.k?kM.khrhy ;ksxnku Li‛V djk-

2- ‘kgkth jkts ;kapsf’kojk;kaP;k tM.k?kM.khrhy ;ksxnku Li‛V djk-

3- tkoGh fot;kps egRo fo"kn djk-

4- vQ>y[kku ispizlaxkps egRo-

5- ‘kkfgLrs[kku izlaxkps egRo fo’kn djk-

6- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k jkT;kfHk‛ksdkps egRo

vf/kd okpuklkBh iqLrds

1- dqyd.khZ v- jk-] MkW- ns’kikaMs iz- u-] ejkB;kapk bfrgkl Hkkx ifgyk]

2- dqyd.khZ v- jk-] [kjs x- g- (laik-)] ejkB;kapk bfrgkl [kaM 1]

3- dqyd.khZ v- jk- (laik-)] ts/ks ’kdkoyh & dfjuk]

4- iBk.k ;w- e- (laik-)] lHkkln c[kj] 5- csanzs ok- lh-] N=irh f’kokth egkjkt iwokZ/k Z]

6- esganGs xtkuu HkkLdj] Jh jktk f’koN=irh Hkkx 1]

7- ljnslkbZ xksfoan l[kkjke] ejkBh fj;klr [kaM 1]

83

bfrgkl& ,Q-ok;-ch-,- % f’kokth o f’kodky

izdj.k 4

N=irh f’kokth egkjktkaph iz’kklu O;oLFkk

4-1dsanzh; iz’kklu

4-1-1 N=irh

4-1-2v‛Viz/kku

4-1-3dkj[kkus o egky

4-1-4dsanzh; iz’kklukph oSf’k‛V;s

4-2-izkafr; iz’kklu

4-2-1izkafr; iz’kklukps ?kVd

4-2-2 izkafr; iz’kklukph oSf’k‛V~;s

4-3-y‛djh iz’kklu

4-3-1-y‛djh iz’kklukps ?kVd

4-3-2-y‛djh iz’kklukph oSf’k‛V~;s

4-4-U;k;ooLFkk

4-4-1U;k; O;oLFksph ikoZHkweh

4-4-2 dsanzh; U;k; O;oLFkk

4-4-3izkafr; U;k; O;oLFkk

4-4-4f’k{kkaps izdkj

izLrkouk %&

f’kokth egkjkt ijkØeh gksrs ;k ijkdzekyk Lo/keZrstkph] vkReHkkukph o lfg‛.kqrsph tksM

gksrh- jkT; feGo.;klkBh t’kh ijkØekph xjt vlrs r’khp jkT; fVdo.;klkBh mRre iz’kklukph

vko’;drk vlrs] f’kokth egkjktkauh tks iz’kkluO;oLFkk fuekZ.k dsyh rh dkGkpk fopkj djrk

vkn’kZ Bjyh vkf.k iq<s ejkB;kaP;k iz’kkluO;oLFkspk ik;k Bjyh- f’kokth egkjktkauh Lora= o

lkoZHkkSe jkT;kph fufeZrh dsyh- gs jkT; ^LojkT;* Eg.kwu vksG[kys tkrs- /keZfujis{k vkf.k

yksddY;k.kkyk izk/kkU; ns.kkjs vls gs jkT; gksrs- f’kokth egkjktkauh izLFkkfir jkT;O;oLFksr laiw.kZr%

cny dsyk ukgh ijarq fgp iz’kkluO;oLFkk gh O;oLFkk tkLrhr tkLr yksdkfHkeq[k] Hkz‛Vkpkj jfgr vkf.k

/keZfujis{k dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- vkiY;k jkT;kr mRre iz’kklukpk vkn’kZ ?kkywu fnyk- jkT;kph]

84

jkT;kP;k ea«;kph] vf/kdkÚ;kaph] drZO;s fuf’pRk d#u fnyh- iz’kklukpk izeq[k Eg.kwu R;kauh jktkph

drZO;s LIk‛V dsyh vkgsr-

LojkT;kpk izns’k

N=irh f’kokth egkjktkaP;k LojkT;kr l/;kP;k egkjk‛Vª] dukZVd] vka/kzizns’k o rkfeGukMw ;k

jkT;kapk dkgh izns’k gksrk- gk foLrkj 1½ egkjk‛VªkP;k mRrjsyk jkeuxj ;k jkT;kiklwu rs nf{k.ksr

csnuwji;Zarpk loZ if’pe fdukjiV~Vhpk Hkkx gksrk ;ke/;s QDr eqacbZ o xksok uOgrk- 2½ ckxyk.k]

ukf’kdpk dkgh Hkkx] Bk.ks] dY;k.k] dqykck] iq.ks] lkrkjk] xnx] fprGnqxZ] ckGkiwj] gksLisV] dksykj

;kapk lekos’k gksrk- 3½ EgSlwjP;k iBkjkoj xne] caxyksj o JhjaxiV~V.k 4½ iwoZ fdukjiV~Vhoj osyksj]

ftath] vj.kh] iksVksZuksOgks] ikWaMpsjh] usxkiV~V.k o ratkojpk dkgh Hkkx gksrk-

;k LojkT;kP;k izR;{k lhek vlY;k rjh dkgh [kaM.kh ns.kkjs rlsp pkSFkkbZ olqyh ekU; vl.kkjs

izns’kgh gksrs- f’kokth egkjkt gs iz’kklukps izeq[k gksrs- jkT;kP;k ;ksX; iz’kkluklkBh v‛Viz/kku

eaMGkph fufeZrh dj.;kr vkyh gksrh- ;kf’kok; dpsÚ;k] dkj[kkus] egky ;k ekQZr iz’kklu pkyr

gksrs-

4- 1- dsanzh; iz’kklu

f’kodkGkrhy dsanzh; iz’kklu O;oLFkk iq<hy izek.ks gksrhy-

4-1-1- N=irh

LojkT;kph fufeZrh gh f’kokthjktkauh vkiY;k ijkØekus] ekoG;kaP;k enrhus dsysyh gksrh-

vusd ejkBk ljnkjkauk LojkT;dk;kZr lkekowu ?ksrys gksrs- rRdkyhu izFksizek.ks jktk gk loZJs‛B gksrk-

loZ jkT;;a=.kspk izeq[k gksrk] vfu;af=r jkT;lRrsph dYiuk e/;;qxkr loZ=p ykxw gksrh- iztsps

ikyuiks‛k.k dj.ks] jkT;kps laj{k.k dj.ks] lektO;oLFkk pks[k Bso.ks] dk;ns dj.ks o rs eksM.kkÚ;kauk

f’k{kk dj.ks gh jktkph drZO;s gksrh- izR;sd {ks=kr jktkph vfu;af=r lRrk gksrh-

jktkph drZO;s

1½ iztsps ikyuiks‛k.k

jktkps ifgys drZO; Eg.kts jktkus tkrikr] /keZ] xjhc&Jhear vlk HksnHkko u djrk iztsps

ikyuiks‛k.k djkos-

2½ laj{k.k

jktkps nqljs drZO; Eg.kts R;kus iztsps laj{k.k djkos- f’kokth egkjktkauh tgkxhjnkj vFkok

orunkj ;kaP;koj voyacwu u jkgrk jkT;kps Lora= lSU; mHkk#u fu‛Bkoku lSU;kP;k vk/kkjs jkT;kP;k

laj{k.kps drZO; ctkoys-

85

3½ nqxqZ.kkauk ik;can

jktkps frljs drZO; Eg.kts LFkkfud pkyhfjrh #<hijaijk ;kaps ikyu d:u lektO;oLFksrhy

nqxZq.kkauk ik;can ?kky.ks- f’kokth egkjktkauh ;kckcr dkykuq#i ;ksX; R;k lq/kkj.kk d#u vko’;d R;k

fBdk.kh v;ksX; O;Drhauk ‘kklu dsys- pkaxY;k xks‛Vhauk izksRlkgu fnys-

4½ mRre iz’kklu

jktkps pkSFks drZO; Eg.kts mRre iz’kklu dj.ks] y‛djh Mkoisp vk[k.ks o eqRln~nhi.kkus /kksj.k

Bjo.ks- f’kokth egkjktkauh ;kp /kksj.kkus jkT; dsys-

5½ fu‛Bk jk[k.ks

jktkps ikpos drZO; Eg.kts iztsP;k fu‛Bk jkT;kik’khp vlrhy gs ikg.ks- f’kokth egkjktkauh

ns’knzksg;kauk dMd f’k{kk nsÅu jktfu‛Bsyk izk/kkU; fnys jkT;k’kh izkekf.kd jkg.kkÚ;k drZO; dj.kkÚ;k o

‘kkS;Z ctko.kkÚ;k vf/kdkÚ;kauk o lSfudkauk buke fnys-

6½ Lor%ps pkfj«; o drZO;s

jktkps Lor%ps pkfj«; o drZ`Ro gs brj tukauk vkn’kZ vlys ikfgts- f’kokth egkjktkaps

Lor%ps pkfj«; vkn’kZor gksrs vkf.k jktkyk vko’;d vl.kkjs dYidrk] ladVkP;k osGh vko’;d

vl.kkjs /kS;Z o /kkMl gs xq.k gksrs-

f’kokth egkjktkauh Lor% gh drZO;s fu‛Bsus ikGys o ,d vkn’kkZps mnkgj.k ?kkywu fnys

Eg.kwup f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dkGkr jktk vFkok N=irh gs lokZsPp o egRokps in gksrs- f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k tUekps osGh egkjk‛Vªkr loZ= vank/kaqnhph ifjfLFkrh gksrh- gh vank/kqanh laiq‛Vkr vk.kwu

yksddY;k.kdkjh jkT;kph LFkkiuk f’kokth egkjktkauh dsyh- jkT; lqjGhr pkykos ;klkBh mRre izdkjps

iz’kklu vl.kkjh ‘kklu;a=.kk R;kauh mHkh dsyh-

dsanzh; iz’kklukps izeq[k ?kVd iq<hyizek.ks gksrs-

4-1-2- v‛Viz/kku eaMG &

v‛Viz/kku eaMG gs f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dsafnz; iz’kklukrhy egRokps vax gksrs- f’kokth egkjkt

iq.;kr vkY;kuarj osGksosGh o xjtsuqlkj ea«;kaP;k use.kqdk R;kauh dsY;k- jkT;kfHk‛ksdkps osGh jktkaps

ifjiw.kZ vls v‛Viz/kku eaMG vfLrRokr vkys- jkT;kfHk‛ksdkP;k osGh R;kaP;k dk;Zd{kkgh fuf’pr

dj.;kr vkY;k v‛Viz/kku eaMG gs izkphu fganq xzaFk Eg.kts ‘kqYduhrhlkj] Le`fr&ijaijk rlsp izpfyr

cgkeuh jktoVhrhy O;oLFkapk vk/kkj ?ksÅu r;kj dsys gksrs- v‛Viz/kkukaP;k use.kwdk djrkuk th izpfyr

Qkjlh ukos gksrh rh ek= cnywu laLd`r ukos inkalkBh fuf’pr dsyh N=irhauk iz’kklukr enr

dj.kkÚ;k ;k v‛Viz/kkukaph ukos jkT;kfHk‛ksdkP;k osGh iq<hyizek.ks gksrh-

1½ eq[; iz/kku ¼ is’kok ½ & eksjksiar fiaxGs

86

2½ vekR; ¼ eqtqenkj ½ & ukjks fuGdaB] jkepanz fuGdaB

3½ lsukirh ¼ lqjy‛dj ½ & gachjjko eksfgrs

4½ lfpo ¼ lqjful ½ & v..kkth nRrks

5½ ea=h ¼ okduhl ½ & nRrkth f=acd

6½ iafMrjko ¼ nkuk/;{k ½ & j?kqukFkiaFk

7½ lqear ¼ Mchj ½ & jkepanz f=acd

8½ U;k;k/kh’k ¼ U;k;kf/k’k ½ & fujkth jkoth

v‛Viz/kku eaMGkrhy eaa«;kaP;k tckcnk&;k iq<hyizek.ks %

1½ eq[; iz/kku ¼is’kok½

loZ jkti=kaoj f’kDdk dj.ks- ‘k=qlkscr lsuk ?ksÅu ;q/n dj.ks- ‘k=wpk ijkHko d:u uohu

izns’k feGfo.ks- laiknu dsysY;k izns’kkpk cankscLr Bso.ks- jktkph o jkT;kph fuLokFkZi.ks lsok dj.ks-

eq[; iz/kku ;k ukR;kus brj iz/kkukauk lkaHkkGwu ?ks.ks gh is’kO;kaph dkes gksrh- eq[; iz/kkukyk o‛kkZyk

15]000 gksu fnys tkr gksrs-

2½ vekR; ¼eqqtqenkj½ %

jkT;kP;k loZ vkfFkZd ckfcadMs y{k iqjfo.ks- jkT;kpk tek [kpZ Bso.ks] nInkj o QM.khl

;kaP;kdMwu vkfFkZd fg’ksckps dkedkt djow.k ?ks.ks- brj egRRokph fg’ksc i=ds] jktkaph vkKki=s ;koj

laer v’kh eqnzk dj.ks- izlaxkuq:Ik ;q/nkoj tk.ks- v’kk tckcnkÚ;k vekR;kaoj gksR;k- vekR;kaps dke gs

vR;ar tks[kehps o izkekf.kd i.kkps gksrs- vekR;kyk o‛kkZyk 12]000 gksu brdk ixkj gksrk-

3½ lsukirh ¼ljy‛dj½

lsukirhus y‛dj Eg.kwu y‛djkph loZ ns[kjs[k dj.ks] y‛djkoj fu;a=.k Bso.ks] LojkT;kps laj{k.k

dj.ks] y‛djkP;k ixkjkph O;oLFkk ikg.ks] lSU;krhy drZcxkj o ijkdzeh lSfudkapk ;Fkksfpr xkSjo

dj.ks- uohu izns’k ftadwu ?ks.ks] ;q/nkrhy yqVhpk fg’kksc ns.ks- v’kh y‛djkP;k lanHkkZrhy loZ dkes

lsukirhdMs gksrh- lsukirhyk 10]000 gksu brdk o‛kkZyk ixkj gksrk-

4½ lfpo ¼lqjful½

N=irhapk o ,dw.kp jkT;kpk i=O;ogkj lfpo ikgr vls- jkti=s Lor% dkGthiwoZd okp.ks

o R;krhy etdqj riklwu ikg.ks gs eq[; dke lfpokps gksrs- osGizlaxkoj ;q/nkoj tk.ks] uohu izn’kkapk

dkjHkkj ikg.ks- gh brj dkeslq/nk lfpokdMs gksrh- lfpo jkti=kaoj laer vls fpUg djhr vls-

ljdkjh nIrjkaph uhV&f’kLrhus O;oLFkk Bso.;kps dke lfpokps gksrs- lfpokP;k enrhyk vusd dkjdwu

87

gksrs- R;kP;k f’kDD;kf’kok; dks.krkgh i=O;ogkj gksr uOgrk- lfpokyk o‛kkZyk 10]000 gksu brdk

ixkj gksrk-

5½ ea=h ¼okduhl½

Eka=h Eg.kts t.kw dkgh jktkapk [kktxh fpV.khl gksrk- jkT;kP;k vusd tckcnkÚ;k ea«;kyk

lkaHkkGkO;k ykxr gksR;k- ;kr jktuSfrd] nSuafnu ?kMkeksMh] ikgq.;kaps Lokxr gsj O;oLFksoj ns[kjs[k

dj.ks] N=irhaph nSuafnu O;oLFkk ikg.ks ;ke/;s N=irhaP;k Hkkstukphgh O;oLFkk ikg.ks b- lekos’k gksrk-

okduhlkP;k enrhyk gsj[kkR;krhy xqIrgsj gksrs- jktkapk i=O;ogkj] R;kauk HksVk;yk ;s.kkÚ;k yksdkaoj rs

utj Bsor vlr- ea«;kykgh o‛kkZyk 10]000 gksu brdk ixkj gksrk-

6½ iafMrjko ¼nkuk/;{k½

iafMrjkokadMs /kekZf/kdkj gksrk- /kkfeZd ckcrhr fu.kZ; ns.;kps dke iafMrjkokadMs gksrs-

jkT;krhy loZ /kkfeZd d`R;s dj.ks] fo}kukaph laHkkouk dj.ks] nkui=] vuq‛Bku dj.ks] :<h ijaijk]

vkpkj O;ogkj ;kckcrP;k jkti=kaoj laer fpUg dj.;kps dke iafMrjkokdMs gksrs- N=irhauh Lor%

djko;kps nku/keZ] ‘kkarh] vuq‛Bku] ;kaps vk;kstu dj.ks v’kh tckcnkjh iafMrjkokadMs gksrh-

7½ lqear ¼Mchj½ %

lqear Eg.kts ijjk‛Vª ea=h gksrk- R;kP;kdMs ijjk‛VªO;ogkjkph dkes ikg.ks] ijjkT;k’kh i=O;ogkj

Bso.ks] ijjkT;krwu vkysY;k O;Drhaps Lokxr dj.ks o R;kaph O;oLFkk ikg.ks] ijjkT;kaph loZ ekfgrh

feGowu rh N=irhauk lknj dj.ks] ijjkT;ka’kh laca/k izLFkkfir dj.ks o ijjkT;kr vkiY;k jkT;kpk ntkZ

o izfr‛Bk ok<fo.ks v’kk tckcnk&;k lqearkaoj gksR;k- osGizlaxh lSU;kps usr`Ro d:u R;kyk ;q/nkojgh

tkos ykxr gksrs- o‛kkZyk 10000 gksu ixkj gksrk-

8½ U;k;k/kh’k

jkT;krhy U;k;fuokM;kps dke ikg.;kph egRRokph tckcnkjh U;k;kf/k’kkoj gksrh- fnok.kh

vkf.k QkStnkjh v’kk nksUgh izdkjP;k [kVY;krhy U;k;nkukps dkedkt O;ofLFkr pkyys vkgs dk ukgh

gs ikg.;kps dke U;k;kf/k’k djhr vlr- xksrlHksus fdaok ljdkjh vf/kdkÚ;kauh fnysyk U;k;fuokMk

ekU; ulY;kl j;rsyk jktnjckjh vtZ djrk ;sr vls v’kk osGh v’kk [kVY;kapk fuokMk dj.;kph

tckcnkjh U;k;k/kh’kkph gksrh- tfeuhaps gDd xzkek/;{kkaps gDd bR;knh U;k;fuokMs U;k;k/kh’kkP;k lghus

gksr gksrs- jkT;krhy U;k; U;k;fuokM;kaP;k U;k; vU;k;kaP;k ckch riklwu ikg.ks] R;kps fuosnu

N=irhauk dj.ks] gh dkes U;k;kf/k’kkgh gksrh- o‛kkZyk 10000 gksu ixkj gksrk-

izR;sd iz/kkukyk R;kps dkedkt ;ksX; fjrhus ikj ikM.;klkBh vkB dkjdwu fnys gksrs- rs

iq<hyizek.ks gksrs- 1½ fnok.k] 2½ eqtwenkj &fg’ksc rikl.khl 3½ QM.khl & eglwykpk fg’ksc

88

Bso.kkjk] 4½ lc.khl&nIrjnkj] 5½ dkj[kkuhl & iqjoBk vf/kdkjh] 6½ fpV.khl] 7½ tkenkj &

[kftunkj] 8½ iksruhl & uk.ksrK-

4-1-3dkj[kkus o egky

LojkT;kps iz’kklu lqjGhr pkykos Eg.kwu loZ dkekps foHkktu vBjk dkekr dsys gksrs- izR;sd

foHkkxkP;k dk;kZyk R;kP;k foHkkxkpk ea=h tckcnkj vls- ;k vBjk Hkkxkauk vBjk dkj[kkus EgVys vkgs-

rlsp iz’kklukps foHkkx ikMwu R;kauk ckjk egky vls uko ns.;kr vkys gksr s- gs vBjk dkj[kkus o ckjk

egky v‛Viz/kku eaf=eaMGkP;k ns[kjs[kh[kkyh gksrs-

4- 1-4 dsafnz; iz’kklukph oSf’k‛V;s %

1½ oa’kijaijk ins can dsyh

f’kokth egkjktkauh iz’kklukrhy ea«;kaph dks.krhgh ins oa’kijaijk fnyh ukghr- izR;sd inkoj

O;Drhaph fu;qDrh djrkuk R;kph drZcxkjh ikgwup fu;qDR;k dsY;k- R;keqGs drZRooku O;DrhaP;k

drZRokyk oko feGr xsyk-

2½ vf/kdkÚ;kaph fuoM

LojkT;krhy iz’kklukojhy fu;a=.kklkBh f’kokth egkjkt Lor% vf/kdkÚ;kaph fuoM djhr

vlr- vf/kdkÚ;kauk fo’oklkr ?ksÅu R;kaP;kr jkT;kcn~ny izse o fu‛Bk fuekZ.k djhr vlr- drZO;n{k

vf/kdkÚ;kaoj tckcnkÚ;k lksioY;k gksR;k-

3½ vf/kdkÚ;kaP;k cnY;k dj.ks

ljdkjrQZs useY;k tk.kkÚ;k eqydh o y‛djh vf/kdkÚ;kaph 3 rs 5 o‛kkZauh cnyh dj.;kps

/kksj.k voyacfo.;kr vkys gksrs- rlsp ;k vf/kdkÚ;kauk R;kaP;k xkoktoGhy dpsjhr fdaok fdYY;kae/;s

use.kwd fnyh tkr uOgrh-

4½ jkT;kr lrr nkSjs dk<.ks

iz’kklukoj fu;a=.k jkgkos Eg.kwu f’kokth egkjkt Lor% jkT;kr nkSjs dk<r- dkgh osGsyk

fo’oklkrhy vf/kdkÚ;kauk jkT;kP;k nkSÚ;koj ikBoys tkr vls-

5½ dk;nslafgrk

rkfj[k&,&f’kokth e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh dsysY;k fyf[kr fu;ekapk mYys[k dsysyk vkgs-

iz’kklukP;k n`‛Vhus vko’;d v’kk fu;ekaph fyf[kr lafgrkp R;kauh r;kj dsyh gksrh-

6½ erHksn nwj dj.ks

vf/kdkÚ;kae/khy erHksn gs iz’kkluklkBh gkfudkjd vlrkr- Eg.kwu gs erHksn lkeksipkjkus

vFkok osGizlaxh fookglaca/kkapk voyac d:.k nwj dj.;kps /kksj.k f’kokth egkjktkauh voyafcys gksrs-

7½ loZ tkrh/kekZrhy yksdkauk lkekowu ?ksrys

89

izR;sd tkrhrhy yksdkaph xq.koSf’k‛V;s y{kkr ?ksÅu R;kauk iz’kklukr ;ksX; R;k tckcnkÚ;k

fnY;k gksR;k- lokZauk jkT;dk;kZr lkekowu ?ksrY;keqGs gs jkT; vkiys vkgs v’kh Hkkouk loZ j;rsP;k

eukr fuekZ.k >kyh-

8½ f’kokth egkjktkaps O;fDreRo

f’kokth egkjktkaps Lor%ps O;fDreRo izHkkoh gksrs- R;kaP;k Lor%P;k O;fDreRokP;k vk/kkjs

R;kauh laiw.kZ iz’kklukoj Lor%ph idM fuekZ.k dsyh gksrh- rs Lor% ijkdzeh] /kkMlh] fo’oklw dks.kR;kgh

,s‛kvkjkekyk nwj Bso.kkjs] LoPN pkfj«;kps gksrs- lkgftdp R;kaP;k O;fDreRokpk /kkd vf/kdkÚ;kaoj

gksrk-

v’kk rÚgsus f’kokth egkjktkauh dsafnz; iz’kklukph fufeZrh dsyh- gsp iz’kklu iq<s ‘kkgw

egkjktkai;Zar pkyys- i.k ‘kkgw egkjktkaP;k dkGkr N=irhaps egRo deh >kys- f’kok; LojkT;kps

:ikarj fo’kky lkezkT;kr >kys vkf.k dkGkP;k xjtsuqlkj dsafnz; iz’kklukps Lo:i cnywu xsys

4-2-izkarh; iz’kklu

N=irh f’kokth egkjktkauh iz’kklukP;k o lja{k.kkP;k lks;hP;k n`f‛Vus LojkT;kps nksu Hkkx

dj.;kr vkys gksrs- ifgyk Hkkx gk LojkT; o LojkT;kyxrpk lyx ,df=r izns’kkpk rj nqljk Hkkx

nf{k.ksdMhy izns’kkpk- iz’kklukP;k lks;hP;k n`f‛Vus ifgY;k foHkkxkps iqUgk rhu Hkkx dj.;kr vkys

gksrs- ;k izR;sd foHkkxkph tckcnkjh v‛Viz/kkukrhy ea«;kdMs fnysyh gksrh- ifgY;k foHkkxkr lkYgsj

iklwu iq.;ktoGhy cksj?kkVki;ZaPkk izns’k o mRrj dksd.kkph tckcnkjh eq[; iz/kkukkdMs rj nqlÚ;k

Hkkxkr nf{k.k dksd.k lkoarokMh dkjokj ftYgk ;kaph tckcnkjh lfpokdMs rj frljk Hkkx

iq.;ktoGhy cksj ?kkVkP;k nf{k.ksdMhy okbZ lkrkjk iklwu csGxko dksiy Ik;Zarpk izns’kkpk dkjHkkj

okduhl ;kaP;kdMs lksifoyk gksrk-

LojkT;kP;k nqlÚ;k foHkkxkrhy nf{k.ksrhy izns’kklkBh Loar= ljlqHkk d:u ftathP;k izns’kkoj

ljlsukirh gachjko ekfgrs o j?kqukFk ukjk;.k guqears ;kaph use.kwd dj.;kr vkyh- ;k foHkkxkrhy

iz’kkldh; dkjHkkj lkaHkkG.;klkBh ^ljlqHksnkj* ;k vf/kdkÚ;kph use.kwd dsyh gksrh- ljlqHksnkj gs

iz/kkukP;k gkrk[kkyh dke djhr- ljlqHksnkjkP;k foHkkxh; dpsjhl ^izkar jkteaMG* Eg.kr-

v‛Viz/kku gs dsafnz; iz’kklukr vlys rjh R;kaP;koj izkarkP;k iz’kklukP;k ns[kjs[khph tckcnkjh

gh lksifoyh tkr vls- xMdksV] fdY;kaph O;oLFkk] izkarkpk fg’kksc Bso.ks o njo‛khZ jktkyk rks lknj

dj.ks gh dkes iz/kkukaph vlr-

4-2-1 izkarh; iz’kklukps ?kVd

LojkT;krhy izns’kkps ljlqHkk] izkar] egky fdaok rkywdk o ekStk fdaok [ksMxko vls

iz’kkldh; foHkkx ikM.;kr vkys gksrs-

90

LojkT;krhy izkarkps foHkkx o R;koj useysys vf/kdkjh

ljlqHkkljlqHksnkj

izkarlqHksnkj

egkygokynkj

4 rs 5 xkokapk xV dekfolnkj

[ksMs ikVhy

LojkT;krhy izR;sd foHkkx fdaok ljlqH;koj ljlqHksnkj useysyk vls- izR;sd izkarkr ,d

lqHksnkj o ,d dkjdqu vls- egkykojhy vf/kdkÚ;kauk gokynkj rj egkygh dkgh xkokaP;k xVkr

foHkkxyk tkbZ- izR;sd xVkP;k izeq[kkl dekfolnkj vls Eg.kr-

1½ ljlqHksnkj %& iz/kkukauk foHkkxh; dkjHkkjkr ljlqHksnkj enr djhr- rRdkyhu i=O;ogkjkr

^eq[;ns’kkf/kdkjh* o ns’kys[kd egky fugk;* vlk R;kapk mYys[k ;srks- nksu&rhu lqH;kapk feGwu ,d

ljlqHkk cur vls- lqH;kaP;k lqHksnkjkaP;k dkekoj ns[kjs[k Bsowu lqH;kpk dkjHkkj pks[k Ogkok ;kdfjrk

lj lqHksnkjkaph use.kwd >kyh vlkoh- ljlqHksnkjkph use.kwd Lor% N=irh f’kokth egkjkt djhr

vlr- dsafnz; iz’kklukrgh gs vf/kdkjh dke djhr-

izkarh; iz’kklukrhy vf/kdkjh %&

2½lqHksnkj %&lqHksnkj gk izkrkapk izeq[k vf/kdkjh gksrk- gk vf/kdkjh mRre pkfj«;kpk fu‛Bkoku d‛VkGw

o ftKklw izo`Rrhpk vlkok v’kh vis{kk f’kokth egkjktkaph vls-

lqHksnkjkph dkes %&

1½ lqH;kP;k jkT;dkjHkkjkoj ns[kjs[k Bso.ks-

2½ lqH;kr ‘kkarrk o lqO;oLFkk Bso.ks-

3½ lqH;kpk eq[; eglwy vf/kdkjh Eg.kwu dke ikg.ks-

4½ lqHkk etfylh e/;s U;k;nkukps dke djkos ykxs-

5½ fnysY;k fudkykPkh veayctko.kh gh lqHksnkjkyk djkoh ykxs-

lqHksnkjkyk okf‛kZd 400 gksu osru fnys tkr vls- f’kok; ljdkj dMwu RkSukrh iky[kh fnyh tkbZ-

lqHksnkjkyk fdY;kps gokynkj enr djhr vlr-

91

izR;sd lqHksnkjkP;k enrhyk vkB enruhl useys tkr- ;ke/;s fnok.k] eqtqenkj] QM.khl] lcuhl]

dkj[kuhl] fpV.khl] tkenkj] iksruhl gs gksrs- ;k vf/kdkÚ;kauk nj[knkj vlsgh Eg.kr- ;k nj[knkjkaP;k

use.kwdk Lor% N=irh f’kokth egkjkt djhr vlr- ;k ljdkjh o ixkjh vf/kdkÚ;kaf’kok; izkarkP;k

jkT;dkjHkkjkr Hkkx ?ks.kkjs ns’keq[k] ns’kikaMs o xkopk dkjHkkj lkaHkG.kkjs ikVhy] dqyd.khZ] pkSxqyk gs

oruh vf/kdkjh gh useysys vlr- ;k loZ vf/kdkÚ;kaekQZr izkarhd iz’kklu pkyr vls-

3½ gokynkj %&izkarkis{kk ygku iz’kkldh; foHkkx Eg.kts egky- egkykojhy vf/kdkÚ;kyk gokynkj

Eg.kr vlr- gokynkjkyk okf‛kZd nksu’ks gksu ixkj gksrk-

gokynkjkph dkes %&

1½ egkykrhy eglwy olwyh dj.;kps dke gokynkjkdMs-

2½ egkykP;k lja{k.k o cankscLrkph tckcnkjh gokynkjkdMs-

3½ rkyqdk ikrGhojhy U;k;nkukph tckcnkjh R;kaP;kdMs gksrh-

4½ xko ljgn~nhlaca/khps raVs lksMfo.ks-

5½ tfeuhcn~nyps dkgh okn vlrhy rj rs nqj dj.ks-

6½ egkykP;k lja{k.kklkBh Lor%ps lSU; ckGx.ks-

7½ ,[kkn;k ?kVuspk iapukek gokynkjkP;k mifLFkrhr dj.ks-

8½ Lkkodkjh O;ogkjkaoj ns[kjs[k Bso.ks-

9½ Rkkyqdk ikrGhojhy rq:ax O;OkLFksoj] xqUgsxkjkaoj ns[kjs[k Bso.ks-

4½ dekfolnkj%& f’kodkGkr egkykaps foHkktu dkgh xkokaP;k xVkr dsysys gksrs- R;k xVkP;k

izeq[kkyk ^dekfolnkj* vls EgVys tkbZ- rRdkyhu dkxni=kae/;s dekfolnkjkps dk;Z o vf/kdkj

;kfo‛k;hph ekfgrh miyC/k gksr ukgh- ijarw dekfolnkjkaps dkekps Lo:Ik egkykrhy gokynkjkizek.ksp

vls] vlk lanHkZ feGrks-

5½ ikVhy %&ikVhy gk xkokpk eq[; ljdkjh vf/kdkjh o orunkj gksrk- R;kyk ^xzkexksikG*]

^xkoikVhy*] ^eqdkne* ^xzke.kh* b- ukokauh lacks/kys tkbZ- ikVhy gk xksrlHkspk izeq[k vls- xkokph t=k]

l.k] mRlo b- izlaxh R;kyk eku@lUeku feGr vls- xkokiklwu ljdkjyk ts mRiUu feGr vls

R;krhy dkgh fgLlk ikVykyk feGr vls- izR;sd ‘ksrdÚ;kdMwu ikVykyk /kkU; o brj oLrw feGr

vlr- cyqrsnkjkadMwu ikVykyk foukeqY; lsok feGr vls- ,d jkcrk egkj ikVykP;k rSukrhyk vls-

ikVykph dkes %&

1½ [ksMsxkokr ‘kkarrk o lqO;oLFkk jk[k.ks-

2½ Ykko.kh&lap.kh & mxo.kh gh ikVykph dkes gksr-

92

3½ xksrlHksps lapyu d:u U;k;fuokMk ns.;kps dke djkos ykxs-

4½ xkopk lkjk fuf’pr d:u olwy dj.;kpsgh dke djkos ykxs-

5½ xkokph ihd ikg.kh d:u eglwy Bjfo.ks-

6½ xkops lja{k.k dj.ks-

izkaRkhd iz’kklukrhy oruh vf/kdkjh

1½ ns’keq[k %&ijx.;krhy loZ ikVykapk izeq[k Eg.kts R;k ijx.;kpk ns’keq[k] izkafrd iz’kklukr

ns’keq[kkyk egRo gksrs- f’kokth egkjktkauh ;k ns’keq[kkaps egRo deh d:u R;kauk R;kaP;k drZO;kph

tk.kho d:u fnyh- ns’keq[kkauk R;kaps gDd cka/kwu fnys- R;kaP;k gDdkauk ^gdyftek* vls EgVys

tkbZ-

ns’keq[kkph dkes %&

1½ ijx.;krhy loZ ikVykaoj fu;a=.k Bso.ks-

2½ ijx.;kph tehu ykxoMh[kkyh vk.k.ks-

3½ vksl iMysY;k [ksM;kaps iquoZlu dj.ks fdaok yksdoLrh fVdfo.ks-

4½ j;rsPkh xkÚgk.kh ,sdwu rh nwj dj.;kpk iz;Ru dj.ks-

5½ iMhd tehu ykxoMh[kkyh vk.k.ks-

6½ nq‛dkG@ladVle;h lkjk ekQhlkBh ljdkj njckjh iz;Ru dj.ks-

7½ ijx.;krhy j;rsps laj{k.k dj.ks-

8½ xkokP;k oru nkjkaP;k enrhus yko.kh & lap.kh dj.ks-

9½ ljdkjus Bjowu fnysyk lkjk ikVhy] pkSxwyk ;kaP;k enrhus xksGk dj.ks-

2½ ns’kikaMs&f’kodkGkrhy ijx.;kP;k iz’kklukrhy ,d egRokpk ?kVd Eg.kwu ns’kikaMs vksG[kyk

tkbZ- ns’kikaMs gk ^ns’k ys[kd* fdaok ^ns’k dqyd.khZ* Eg.kwugh vksG[kyk tkbZ- ns’keq[kkP;k [kkyks[kky

ns’kikaM;kl ekukps LFkku vls- ns’keq[kkizek.ks R;kyk ljdkjdMwu tehu buke feGr gksrh-

ns’kikaM;kph dkes %&

1½ ijx.;krhy loZ dqyd.khZP;k dkekoj ns[kjs[k Bso.ks-

2½ ijx.;kps fdaok lqH;kps fg’kksc Bso.ks o rikl.kh dj.ks-

3½ ijx.;krhy ,[kkn;k xkokps dke ¼dqyd.;kaps½ ns’kikaM;kuk djkos ykxr vls-

4½ ijx.;krhy xksrlHksr o xksrlHksrhy U;k;nkukl ns’kikaM;kuk egRokph Hkwfedk vls-

ns’keq[kkizek.ksp ns’kikaMs ;kyk jksdM o oLrq:ikus ^gdyftes* feGr- ijarw gh feGdr ns’keq[kkis{kk

fuE;kus deh vls-

93

3½ ikVhy %&ikVhy gk xkokpk eq[; ljdkjh vf/kdkjh o orunkj gksrk- R;kyk ^xzkexksikG*]

^xkoikVhy*] ^eqdkne* ^xzke.kh* b- ukokauh lacks/kys tkbZ- ikVhy gk xksrlHkspk izeq[k vls- xkokph t=k]

l.k] mRlo b- izlaxh R;kyk eku@lUeku feGr vls- xkokiklwu ljdkjyk ts mRiUu feGr vls

R;krhy dkgh fgLlk ikVykyk feGr vls- izR;sd ‘ksrdÚ;kdMwu ikVykyk /kkU; o brj oLrw feGr

vlr- cyqrsnkjkadMwu ikVykyk foukeqY; lsok feGr vls- ,d jkcrk egkj ikVykP;k rSukrhyk vls-

ikVykph dkes %&

7½ [ksMsxkokr ‘kkarrk o lqO;oLFkk jk[k.ks-

8½ Ykko.kh&lap.kh & mxo.kh gh ikVykph dkes gksr-

9½ xksrlHksps lapyu d:u U;k;fuokMk ns.;kps dke djkos ykxs-

10½ xkopk lkjk fuf’pr d:u olwy dj.;kpsgh dke djkos ykxs-

11½ xkokph ihd ikg.kh d:u eglwy Bjfo.ks-

12½ xkops lja{k.k dj.ks-

4½ dqyd.khZ %&dqyd.khZ gk [ksMsxkokrhy nqljk egRokpk eqydh vf/kdkjh gksrk- rks ikVykpk

enruhl Eg.kwu dke djs- dqyd.;kZps gDd ikVyklkj[ksp vlys rjh ikVykis{kk feGdr deh gksrh-

xkoP;k lkÚ;kpk dkgh fgLlk R;kyk feGs- nIrj [kpkZlkBh ^lkfnyokj* Eg.kwu dkgh jDde R;kyk

ljdkjdMwu vFkok xkokdMwu feGr vls-

dqyd.khZ ;kaph dkes %&

1½ xkokrhy loZ izdkjP;k tfeuhph uksan Bso.ks-

2½ izR;sd O;DrhP;k ukokoj vlysY;k tfeuhpk o eglwykpk tek[kpZ Bso.ks gs R;kaps eq[; dke

vls-

3½ xkokrhy yko.kh & lap.khdMs y{k Bso.ks-

4½ xkopk eglwy xksGk dj.;kP;k dkeh ikVykyk enr dj.ks-

5½ xksrlHksr o U;k;nkukr lØh; Hkkx ?ks.ks-

6½ xksrlHksus dsysY;k fuokMk Eg.ktsp egtj fyg.ks gs dke djkos ykxs-

7½ xkodÚ;kauk eqgwrZ lkax.ks T;ksfr‛k lkax.ks] iapkx ikg.ks v’kh dkes dqyd.khZ ;kyk djkoh ykxr-

5½ pkSxqyk %&xko dkjHkkjkrhy ikVhy dqyd.khZ ;kaP;k uarjpk egRokpk vf/kdkjh Eg.kts pkSxqyk

;kykgh oa’kijaijsus gs oru feGr vls- pkSxqY;kph ^ukaxj* gh fu’kk.kh gksrh- vkf.k rks ekst.khl enr

djr vls- ;keqGs rks ^dkBh* gh fu’kk.kh gh okijr vls-

94

pkSxqY;kph dkes %&

1½ xkoP;k ikVykauk enr dj.ks-

2½ jktnjckjkps i=O;ogkj o fg’kksckph dkxni=s ;ksX; fBdk.kh iksgpfo.ks-

3½ xko lksMwu xsysY;k dqGkauk ijr xkoke/;s vk.k.ks-

4½ tehu ekst.khP;k dkekr vf/kdkÚ;kauk enr dj.ks-

5½ xkokrhy ‘ksrlkjk olwy dj.;klkBh ikVykyk enr dj.ks-

4-2-2izkarh; iz’kklukph oSf’k‛V;s %&

1½ f’kodkGkrhy eqydh iz’kklu O;oLFkk vR;ar dk;Z{ke gksrh-

2½ iz’kklukrhy loZ vf/kdkÚ;kaps osru jks[k Lo:ikr fuf’pr dj.ks-

3½ N=irh f’kokth egkjktkauh iz’kklukps fodsanzhdj.k d:u iz’kklu yksdkfHkeq[k cufo.;kpk

iz;Ru dsyk-

4½ orunkjkaps vf/kdkj deh dsys-

5½ eqtksj orunkjkauk fu%’kL= d:u R;kauk xkodhP;k o ijx.;kP;k dkekal tqaiys-

6½ dkgh orunkjkaph orus tIr dsyh rj dkghauk R;kaps gDd cka/kwu fnys-

7½ tgkfxjnkjh i/nr can dsyh- R;keqGs j;rsph tgkfxjnkjkdMwu gks.kkjh fiGo.kwd Fkkacyh-

8½ lkjk fuf’prh] U;k;nku] xkokps laj{k.k ;klkBh ixkjh vf/kdkjh useys-

9½ xko ikrGhojhy orunkjkaoj o ijx.;kP;k orunkjkaoj y{k Bso.;klkBh vf/kdkÚ;kaph use.kwd

dsyh-

10½ orunkjkauh vU;k;] Hkz‛Vkpkj fdaok pwd dsY;kl R;kauk dBksj f’k{kk fnY;k tkr-

11½ v‛Viz/kkukrhy iz/kkukadMs izkarkph tckcnkjh nsowu jktk o iztk ;kaP;krhy varj deh dj.;kpk

iz;Ru dsyk-

4- 3- y‛djh iz’kklu

dks.krsgh jkT; gs R;kaP;k mRre iz’kklukeqGs fVdrs- LojkT;kP;k iz’kklukpk fopkj

djko;kpk >kY;kl ukxjh iz’kklukps mRre mnkgj.k f’kokth egkjktkauh ?kkywu fnys gksrs- dY;k.kdkjh

jkT; mHkkj.kkÚ;k f’kokth egkjkTkkauh mRre v’kk y‛djh iz’kklukphgh mHkkj.kh dsysyh fnlrs- ;k y‛dj

O;oLFksr ik;nG] ?kksMnG] fdYys] vkjekj] vkf.k gsj[kkrs gs izeq[k ?kVd gksrs-

95

4- 3- 1- y‛djh iz’kklukps ?kVd

ijaijkxr ljatke’kkghyk Fkkjk u nsrk Js.khc/n vf/kdkÚ;kaP;k rkC;kr y‛dj gksrs- R;kosGhp

,dw.k jktdh; ifjfLFkrh] egkjk‛Vªkph HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkrh] vkfFkZd e;kZnk] ijaijkxr lSU;O;oLFksrhy

nks‛k ;k loZ xks‛Vh y{kkr ?ksÅu f’kokth egkjktkauh lSU;kph mHkkj.kh dsyh- egkjk‛Vªkr o fo’ks‛kr% T;k

izns’kkr LojkT;kph fufeZrh >kyh rsFks gRrhnG] maVnG] ?kksMnG ;kaP;kis{kk ik;nGkpk vf/kd mi;ksx

d:u ?ks.;kdMs R;kapk dy gksrk- R;keqGs ik;nG gs y‛djkps vR;ar egRRoiw.kZ vax gksrs- vkfFkZd

‘kDrh o lSU;’kDrh ;kapk fopkj djrk ‘k=qiq<s leksjk&leksj ;q/n dj.ks vkRe?kkrdhi.kkps Bjys vlrs-

R;keqGs xfueh dkok (Gaurilla war ) ;k ;q/nra=kpk vR;ar izHkkohi.ks okij f’kokth egkjktkauh dsyk-

HkkjrkP;k if’pe fdukÚ;kojhy vkjekjkpk tud Eg.kwu f’kokth egkjktkaps uko vknjkus ?ksrys tkrs-

vkjekjkps egRRo tk.k.kkjs o ;kfufeRRkkus LFkkfud yksdkaP;k enrhus vkjekj mHkkj.kkjs f’kokth egkjkt

fuf’prp nz‛Vs letys ikfgtsr- vR;ar dk;Z{ke gsj[kkrs gs f’kokth egkjktkaP;k y‛djO;oLFksps oSf’k‛V;

gksrs- gh loZ y‛dj O;oLFkk vki.k lfoLrji.ks iq<s ikgw ;k-

1½ laaj{kd ny

N=irh gs loZ jkT;kps izeq[k gksrs- R;kaP;k laj{k.kklkBh [kkl lSfud gksrs- R;kaps laj{k.k gh

lokZar egRRokph]vR;ar tks[kehph v’kh tckcnkjh ;k lSU;koj gksrh- gs lSU; vR;ar izkekf.kd o

dk;Z{ke vls gksrs- laj{kd nykr canwd/kkjh] Hkkysdjh] gydh gR;kjs pkyo.kkjs] rksQ[kkuk ckGx.kkjs b-

izdkjps gR;kj can yksd gksrs- jkT;kP;k j{k.kkcjkscjp vk.khck.khP;k izlaxh jk[kho lSU; Eg.kwu R;kapk

mi;ksx gksr vls- ijkØeh] fo’oklw v’kk fuoMd lSfudkaukp ;ke/;s lkekfo‛V dsys tkr vls- R;kauk

fo’ks‛k vlk iks‛kk[k o gR;kjs fnyh tkr- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k lrr vorhHkksorh vl.kkÚ;k ;k ‘kjhj

j{kdkauk ixkjgh loZlkekU; lSfudkais{kk vf/kd gksrk-

2½ ik;nG

LojkT;LFkkiusP;k vxnh lq:okrhiklwu dk;Zjr vl.kkjs lSU; Eg.kts ik;nG- egkjk‛Vªkrhy

ekoGs gs ik;nGkps izeq[k ?kVd gksrs- dkVd] piG] ‘kwj v’kk ekoG;kaps gs lSU; MksaxjnÚ;krhy

fdYY;kaP;k j{k.kklkBh fo’ks‛k mi;qDr gksrs- tls ekoGs rlsp dksd.kkrhy gsVsdjhlq/nk ik;nGkr gksrs-

f’kikbZ gk ik;nGkrhy lokZar ygku vFkok rGkrhy ?kVd gksrk- 10 ik;nG f’kik;kaoj ,d ukbZd

gksrk- 50 f’kik;kaP;k Eg.kts 5 ukbZdkaph ,d rqqdMh vls- ;k rqdMhoj gokynkjhph use.kwd dsysyh

gksrh- 2 gokynkjkpkEg.kts100f’kik;kaPkk vf/kdkjh Eg.kts ,d tqeysnkj v’kk ngk tqeysnkjkaojhy

vf/kdkjh Eg.kts ,d gtkjh vf/kdkjh - iapgtkjh vf/kdkÚ;kyk ljukscr EgVys tkr vls-

;k loZ lSU; vf/kdkÚ;kauk okf‛kZd ixkj fnyk tkr gksrk- ljukscr ;k vf/kdkÚ;kyk 2]500

gksu o‛kkZyk feGr vlr- ,d gtkjh vf/kdkÚ;kyk 500 gksu ixkj gksrk- tqeysnkjkyk o‛kkZyk 100

96

gksu brdk ixkj gksrk- gokynkjkyk nj efguk 3 gksu brdk ixkj gksrk- ukbZdkyk nj efgU;kyk 1 rs 3

gksu brdk ixkj feGr vls- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k y‛dj O;oLFksrhy egRRokpk ?kVd Eg.kts ik;nG

gksrs-

3½ ?kksMnG

rRdkyhu y‛djO;oLFksr ?kksMnGkyk vuU;lk/kkj.k egRRo gksrs- piGrsus lSU;kP;k gkypkyh

dj.;klkBh] nwjojP;k izns’kki;Zar /kMd ekj.;klkBh] vkØe.kklkBh dk;Z{ke o piG v’kk ?kksMnGkph

egrh Qkj gksrh- f’kokth egkjktkauh ts ?kksMnG mHkkjys R;kps nksu Hkkx gksrs- 1½ ikxk &ckjxhj 2½

f’kysnkj - ckjxhj Eg.kts ljdkjh uksdj vlysyk ?kksMsLokj ;k lSU;kps ?kksMs] gR;kjs ljdkjus R;kauk

iqjoysyh vlr- f’kysnkj gs Lora= gksrs- R;kpk ?kksMk o gR;kjs R;kaP;k Lor%P;k ekydhph gksrh- dkgh

dkGkiqjrs rs jktkP;k lSU;kr ;q/nklkBh ;sr- rso<k ixkj R;kauk feGr vls- lglk ‘ksrh o ‘ksrhph dkes

d:u mjysY;k osGsr ljdkjh pkdjh dj.kkjs gs ejkBs gksrs-

?kksMnGkrgh Js.khc/n jpuk gksrh- 25 ?kksMsLokjkaoj ,d gokynkj] ikp gokynkjkaojpk vf/kdkjh

Eg.kts ,d tqeysnkj- 10 tqeysnkjkaoj ,d lqHksnkj- 10 lqHksnkjkaoj ,d vaeynkj v’kh p<rhJs.kh

gksrh- ;k vf/kdkÚ;kaps ixkj fuf’pr dsysys gksrs- tqeysnkjkyk o‛kkZyk 500 gksu brdk ixkj gksrk-

lqHksnkjkyk o‛kkZyk 1000 gksu brdk ixkj gksrk- loZ ?kksMnGkpk izeq[k Eg.kts ljukscr gkp ejkBh

lSU;kpk lsukirh gksrk- v‛Viz/kku eaMGkr lkekfo‛V vl.kkÚ;k ;k vf/kdkÚ;kyk 10]000 gksu o‛kkZyk

feGr vlr- f’kysnkjkykgh ixkj feGr vls- R;kpk ixkj ckjxhjkis{kk tkLr gksrk- ?kksMnGkP;k

Nko.;kaphgh O;ofLFkri.ks rjrwn dsyh tkr gksrh- fuokÚ;kph tkxk] iqjsls /kkU;] vkS‛k/kik.kh] ?kksM;kalkBh

xor v’kk loZ vko’;d v’kk ckchaph iwrZrk dsyh tkr vls-

4½ fdYys

^jkT;kps lkj rs nwxZ* v’kk ‘kCnkar fdY;kaps o.kZu vkKki=kr dsys vkgs- LojkT;fufeZrh gh

fdY;kaiklwup >kysyh vkgs- izkphu o e/;;qxhu dkGkr fdY;kauk Qkj egRRo gksrs- ijdh;

vkØe.kkaiklwu laj{k.k dj.;klkBh fdY;kapk mi;ksx gksr vls- R;keqGsp fdYys ftad.ks] ufou

fdYY;kaph cka/k.kh dj.ks] lhek izns’kkaojhy fdYY;kaph nq:Lrh] rsFkhy jlnhph O;oLFkk ;k loZ ckchadMs

dkGthiwoZd y{k fnys tkr gksrs- R;k dkGkrhy ;q/nkae/;s fdY;kauk Qkj egRRokps LFkku gksrs- f’kokth

egkjkt fdY;kaps egRo tk.kwu gksrs- Eg.kwu R;kauh fdY;kackcrgh fo’ks‛k furh voyafcyh-

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dkGkr LojkT;kr fdrh fdYys gksrs- ;kckcr erfHkUurk vkgs- fpV.khl

c[kjhr gh la[;k 317 vkgs- rj lHkklnkus gh la[;k 240 fnyh vkgs- fp=xqIr fdYY;kaph la[;k

361 brdh nsrks- ok- d`- Hkkos ;kauh f’kodkyhu egkjk‛Vª ;k xzaFkkr f’kodkyhu fdYY;kaph la[;k 240

vl.;kpk fuokZGk fnyk vkgs- R;kps oxhZdj.kgh rs iq<s djrkr- fdYY;kaps rhu izdkj letys tkrkr-

97

1½ LFkynqxZ ¼ tfeuhojhy fdYys ½ 2½ tynqxZ ¼ lkxjh fdYys ½ 3½ fxjhnqxZ ¼Mksaxjkojhy fdYys ½

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dkGkr lq:okrhyk rjh fxjhnqxkZps Qkj egRRo gksrs- LojkT; fufeZrh o LojkT;

foLrkjkr ;k fdYY;kapk eksBk lgHkkx gksrk- f’kokth egkjktkauh vusd tqU;k fdYY;kaph nq:Lrh dsyh-

rs fdYys vk.k[kh nwxZe o cGdV cuoys- fdYyk y<ork ;kok Eg.kwu f’kcanh ok<oyh- mnk- jk;jhpk

fdYyk ftadY;kuarj vusd dMs rklwu nqxZe cuoys- dkgh fBdk.kh lqjax ykowu ik;Ú;k cuoY;k- gRrh]

?kksMs] maV] x<koj p<oys] ryko cka/kwu ik.;kph lks; dsyh- bekjrh cka/kY;k] cktkjisB cka/kyh- gk

fdYYkk brdk pkaxyk cka/kyk dh rks LojkT;kph jkt/kkuhp >kyk- fla/kqnqxZ o fot;nqxZ gs uohu nksu

tynqxZ f’kokth egkjktkauh cka/kys- fdYyk cka/k.;klkBh f’kokth egkjktkauh ijaijkxr dykdkj o

osGizlaxh ik’pkR; okLrw’kkL=kKkaphgh enr ?ksryh-

fdY;kaP;k O;oLFkkiukrgh f’kokth egkjktkauh n{krk ?ksryh gksrh- izR;sd fdYY;koj leku

ntkZps rhu vf/kdkjh vlr- gokynkj gk fdYY;kojhy f’kcanhpk izeq[k vls- lglk gokynkj gk ejkBk

tkrhpk vls- lcuhl gk nqljk vf/kdkjh gksrk- rks fdYY;kpk vFkZO;ogkj ikgr vls- rj dkj[kkuhl gk

frljk vf/kdkjh /kkU;iqjoBk dj.kkjk vf/kdkjh gksrk- gokynkjkoj fdYY;kP;k izR;{k j{k.kkph tckcnkjh

vls- fdY;kaP;k O;oLFkkiukckcr f’kokth egkjkt vR;ar n{k gksrs- rs Lor% vkdfLeri.ks fdYY;kauk

HksVh nsr- fdY;kaP;k rikl.khP;k dkekoj R;kauh v..kkth nRrks ;k ea«;kph [kkl use.kwd dsyh gksrh-

5½ vkjekj &

MkW lsu Eg.krkr dh “Shivaji may be described as the father of the Indian

navy.” f’kokth egkjktkauh Lokra= vkjekjkph fufeZrh dsyh- ‘k=wiklwup cpko dj.;klkBh] if’pe

fduk&;kojhy O;kikj rkC;kr ?ks.;klkBh] LojkT;kpk okij ok<owu lkaifRrd fLFkrh cGdV

dj.;klkBh] Lor%ps vkjekj vlY;kl iksrqZxht vFkok vU; ijdh; lRrkaiq<s >qdkos ykxw u;s Eg.kwu

f’kokth egkjktkauh vkjekjkph fufeZrh dsyh- LFkkfud dksGh o HkaMkjh yksdkaP;k enrhus vkjekjph

mHkkj.kh dsyh- 1659 iklwu vkjekj fufeZrhyk lq:okr >kyh- f’kokth egkjktkauh vkjekjh rG o canjs

;kaph cka/k.kh dsyh- ;q/nukSdk cka/k.ks] R;k nq:Lr dj.ks] oknGh gokekukP;k osGh ;ksX; laj{k.k

feGfo.;klkBh canjkph fufeZrh dj.ks ;klkBh R;kauh gkypkyh dsY;k- LojkT;kP;k laj{k.kklkBh if’pe

fdukjiVVhoj HkDde fdYys mHkkj.ks o mRre vkjekjh rG mHkkj.ks ;kyk R;kauh izk/kkU; fnys- ;kp

njE;ku R;kauh fot;nqxZ gk vR;ar lkeF;Z’kkyh tynqxZ cka/kyk- vkjekjkps laj{k.k fdukÚ;kojhy fdYys

o [kkM;k ;kaP;k vkJ;kus gksr vlrs- ‘kkarrsP;k dkGkr oknGkiklwu cpkoklkBh [kkM;k mi;ksxh

vlrkr- ;q/ndkGkr fdYys o [kkM;k ;kauk eksD;kph fBdk.ks Eg.kwu egRRo vlrs gs vksG[kwu dksd.k

fdukÚ;koj f’kokth egkjktkauh tqus fdYys nq:Lr dsys o uos cka/kys- ekyo.kpk fla/kqnwxZ gk lq/nk R;kauh

cka/kwu ?ksrysyk fdYyk vkgs- baxztkauk ‘kg ns.;klkBh] ;q/nukSdk] o O;kikjh ukSdk ;kauk laj{k.k ns.;kP;k

98

n`‛Vhus [kkansjhpk fdYyk cka/kyk- gk fdYyk Eg.kts ,d pkaxyk vkjekjh rG >kyk- jRukfxjh] vatuosy]

jktkiwj ;kfBdk.khgh NksVs&NksVs vkjekjh rG cka/kys- xqjkck] xycr] f’kckMs] rjkaMh] rkjos o ixkj

v’kk lgk izdkjP;k ukSdk f’kokth egkjktkaP;k vkjekjkr gksR;k- xqykck ;k eq[; ;q/n ukSdk gksR;k-

vkjekjkrgh Js.kh i/nr gksrh- ikp xqykck o ia/kjk xycRks feGwu ,d lqHkk gksr gksrk- loZ lqH;kaoj

,d ljlqHkk gksrk- vkjekjkpk lokZar eksBk vf/kdkjh Eg.kts n;kZlkjax- ek;ukd gk lq/nk vkjekjkpk

vf/kdkjh gksrk- f’kokth egkjktkaps ok<rs vkjekjh lkeF;Z ikgwu iksrqZxhtkauk dkGth okVr gksrh- ;kp

vkjekjkP;k tksjkoj f’kokth jktkauh fln~nh] iksrqZfxt] baxzt ;kaP;k vkØe.kkyk e;kZnk ?kkrY;k- bjk.k o

vjcka’kh O;kikj dj.;klkBh ;k vkjekjkpk mi;ksx >kyk- ;k lkeF;kZeqGs ;qjksfi;u O;kikÚ;kaoj tjc

clyh gksrh-

6- gsj[kkrs

jkT;krhy gsj Eg.kts t.kw dkgh jktkps MksGs o dkuvkgsr vls EgVys vkgs- vkiY;k jkT;kr

vkf.k ‘k=w jkT;kr ?kM.kkÚ;k izR;sd ?kMkeksMhph ekfgrh jktkauk gsjkekQZr dGr gksrh- f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k y‛dj O;oLFksrhy gk egRRokpk ?kVd gksrk- vR;ar fo’oklw o dk;Z{ke vls yksd

gsj[kkR;kr gksrs- gsj[kkR;krhy gsjkaph fuf’pr la[;k fo’oluh;fjR;k miyC/k ukgh- ;k [kkR;kpk izeq[k

cfgthZ ukbZd ¼ tk/ko ½ gk gksrk- dks.kkykgh v’kD;izk; okVkO;k v’kk eksfgek f’kokth egkjktkauh

;’kLoh dsY;k- ‘k=wP;k izns’kkr tkÅu rs lfglyker ijr vkys- ‘k=wph l/ku ‘kgjs yqVyh v’kk loZ

izlaxkr rs ;’kLoh >kys- R;kps ,d dkj.k Eg.kts R;kaps izkekf.kd o dk;Z{ke gsj[kkrs gksrs- fo’ks‛kr%

cfgthZ ukbZd ;kus vusd osGsyk os‛kkarj d:u ‘k=wizns’kkph ckjhd lkjhd ekfgrh f’kokth egkjktkai;Zar

iksgkspoyh gksrh- ifgY;k lqjr yqVhP;k osGh lqjrsP;k uxj laj{k.kkph ekfgrh] lqjrsrhy O;kikÚ;kaph o

R;kaP;k laiRrhph bFkacwr ekfgrh jktkauk iqjfoyh gksrh-

f’kodkGkr lSU;O;oLFkk o lSU;iz’kklu gs dBksj f’kLrhps gksrs gs y{kkr ;srs- ejkBs ;kiwohZgh

;q/n djhrp gksrs i.k rs brj ‘kkg;kalkBh djhr gksrs- ;q/nlkfgR;] ;q/nra= y‛dj iz’kklu vfLrRokr

gksrs- f’kokth jktkauh ;krhy nks‛k nwj d:u vkiY;k ifjfLFkrh’kh vuqdwy vls :i R;kyk fnys-

lSU;kyk f’kLrc/nrk] dk;Z{kerk] jkT;fu‛Bsph tksM fnyh- ejkB;kaps lSU; la[;sus deh vlys rjh rs

;’kLoh gks.;kph dkj.ks gh ;k y‛djh iz’kklu O;oLFksr fnlwu ;srkr- ;k ;’kkus R;kauk vkRefo’okl

fnyk-

4- 3- 2- y‛djh iz’kklukph oSf’k‛V;s

1½ ljatke’kkgh y‛djO;oLFkk u‛V dsyh-

e/;;qxkr vfLrRokr vl.kkjh ljatke’kkgh y‛djO;oLFkk f’kokth egkjktkauh laiq‛Vkr vk.kyh-

ljatkenkjkadMs vl.kkjs lSU; gs vusdosGsyk la[;sis{kk deh o izf’kf{kr ulysys] jktfu‛Bk ul.kkjs

99

vlk;ps] ljatkenkjkadMs vl.kkÚ;k tfeuhaeqGs o R;krwu ;s.kkÚ;k mRiUukeqGs rs f’kjtksj >kysys gksrs-

;kpk ifj.kke lSU;koj gksr vls- izR;{k ;q/nkP;k osGh ljatkenkj jktkP;k cktwus y<rhy ;kph [kk=h

uls- gs y{kkr ?ksÅu y‛djh iz’kklukr f’kokth egkjktkauh ljatke’kkgh i/nrhph y‛djO;oLFkk u‛V

dsyh-

2½ y‛djkyk jks[k ixkj

orus tgkfxjh fnY;k dh ljnkj] ljatkenkj ;kaP;k jktfu‛Bk deh gksrkr Eg.kwu ;k i/nrh u‛V

dsY;k- i.k R;kpcjkscj R;kauk iqjslk ixkj vkf.k rksgh fu;feri.ks feGkok ;klkBh f’kokth egkjktkauh

Lor% y{k fnys- R;kaP;k xjtk Hkkxo.;k brdk ixkj feGkyk ukgh rj rs tursph yqVkyqV djrkr]

;q/nkps osGh yqVysyk iSlk o oLrw [kftU;kr tek djr ukghr] y‛djkr okbZV izo``Rrh ok<hyk ykxrkr

gs y{kkr ?ksÅu y‛djkyk jks[k ixkj ns.;kl R;kauh lq:okr dsyh- R;keqGs y‛djkus d/khgh mBko dsyk

ukgh rlsp y‛djkP;k fu‛Bk jktkizrhp dk;e jkfgY;k-

3½ fo’ks‛k dkefxjh dj.kkÚ;k lSfudkauk c<R;k o cf{kls

lSfudkauk jks[k o fu;fer ixkj ns.;kcjkscjp R;kaP;k dkefxjhph n[ky ?ks.;kps /kksj.k f’kokth

egkjktkauh jkcfoys- vkiY;k drZ`Rokyk nkn feGrs vkgs ;k fopkjkus lSU;kyk LQqj.k p<r gksrs- f’kokth

egkjkt Lor% ;q/neksfgekaoj tkr gksrs- R;keqGs lSfudkaph dkefxjh mapkor vls- mRd`‛V dkefxjh

ctko.kkÚ;k lSfudkauk rs Lor% gsjr gksrs- v’kk lSfudkauk cf{kls ns.ks vFkok R;kaP;k ixkjkph o Js.khph

ok< d:u lSfudkaP;k dkefxjhps dkSrqd djr gksrs- ejkB;kaps lSU; ;q/nizlaxh izk.kkaph ckth ykÅu

y<r vls- lSU; la[;sus deh vlys rjh ijkdze fl/n dj.;klkBh usgehp rRij gksrs-

4½ xSjorZ.kwd dj.kkÚ;kauk f’k{kk

f’kokth egkjktkauh y‛djkl f’kLrhps dkgh fu;e] dk;ns ?kkywu fnys gksrs- fu;e

eksM.kk&;kauk dBksj f’k{kk fnY;k tkr gksR;k- j;rsyk =kl ns.kkÚ;k] yqV.kkÚ;k lSfudkauk f’k{kk gksr

gksrh- ck;dk] nklh] dykoarhuh] os’;k] urZdh ;kauk y‛djh eksfgesoj vk.kw u;s vlk naMdp gksrk-

eqfLye o brj /keZLFkkukapk vkf.k xzaFkkapk vknj djkok] xk; o czkEg.k ;kauk =kl nsÅ u;s] eksfge

laiY;koj yqVhpk fg’ksc ljdkjyk lknj djkok vls fu;e ?kkywu fnys gksrs- ;k fu;ekaps mYya?ku

dj.kkÚ;kyk dBksj f’k{kk fnY;k tkr-

5½ y‛djkrhy f’kLr o lk/ksi.kk

f’kokth egkjktkaP;k lSU;krhy f’kLr o lk/ksi.kk ;kps o.kZu ik’pkR; yksdkauhgh dsys vkgs-

ejkB;kaP;k y‛djkaP;k xjtk vR;ar e;kZfnr gksR;k- y‛djkr dsoG vko’;d rso<sp vkf.k y<.kkjsp

lSfud vlr- e|iku] ukpxk.kh] foyklh.ki.kk] fL=;k ;kauk y‛djke/;s Fkkjk uOgrk- R;keqGsp R;kaP;k

gkypkyh vR;ar piG o osxoku gksR;k- R;kaP;ktoG Hkkyk] /kuq‛;ck.k] ykac vkf.k :an ikR;kaP;k

100

ryokjh FkksMh’kh Hkkdjh vkf.k ?kksM;kP;k ikBhoj VkdysY;k rkscÚ;kr ?kksM;kyk ykx.kkjs gjHkjs ;kf’kok;

nqljs dkgh ,d lkeku uls- d‛Ve; thou] osxkus tkLrhr tkLr varj dki.;kph lo; vkf.k lk/ksi.kk

;keqGs ;k lSU;kus vusdnk pSuh] foyklh eq?ky lSU;kyk /kqG pkjyh gksrh- f’kokth egkjktkauh Lor%p

vkiY;k lk/;k o d‛Ve; thoukpk vkn’kZ lSfudkaiq<s Bsoyk gksrk-

6½ ‘kL=kL=s

ejkB;kadMs vl.kkjh ‘kL=kL=s gh ijaijkxrp gksrh i.k dkgh lSfudkadMs dkgh Bjkohd ‘kL=kL=s

gksrhp- Hkkyk] /kuq‛;ck.k] ykac vkf.k :an ikR;kP;k ryokjh] <ky gh ‘kL=kL=s gksrh- ‘kL=kL=kaP;k

fufeZrhlkBh LojkT;kr dkj[kkusgh gksrs- i.k ;kO;frfjDr nk:xksGk] canqdk] rksQk o vU; ‘kL=kL=s

cuo.;kpsgh dkj[kkus gksrs- y‛djkyk lkrR;kus ‘kL=kL=kapk iqjoBk Ogkok rh pkaxY;k izdkjph vlkohr

;kdMs f’kokth egkjktkauh Lor% y{k iqjfoys- ;klkBh rK yksdkauk cksykowu R;kapk ;Fkksfpr lUeku

d:u R;kauk ‘kL=kL= fufeZrh djk;yk ykoyh- ;kf’kok; ik’pkR; yksdkaph ‘kL=kaL=kaph izxrh o R;kph

Hkfo‛;krhy vko’;drk rs tk.kwu gksrs- Eg.kwu ik’pkR; ra=Kkukpk Lohdkj dj.;kph R;kaph r;kjh

gksrh- bZLV bafM;k daiuhus v’kh dkgh ‘kL=kL=s R;kauk lq:okrhyk iqjoyh i.k uarj gkr vk[kMrk

?ksryk- vk/kqfud ‘kL=kL=s lSU;kyk iqjfo.;kpk iz;Ru f’kokth egkjktkauh dsyk gksrk-

7½ ;q/nra=

LojkT; fufeZrhP;k osGh ejkB;kauk Qkj eksB;k ladVkauk rkssM |kos ykxr gksrs- lSU;] izns’k]

iSlk ;k loZp ckcrhr eqLyhe jktoVh izcy gksR;k- vkiY;k ekstD;k lSU;klg o miyC/k lkexzhfu’kh

;k ‘kkg;ka’kh y<rk ;kos ;klkBh f’kokth egkjktkauh xfueh dkok ;k ;q/nra=kpk okij dsyk- y‛djh

lk/kukaP;k e;kZfnr Lo:ikeqGs vkf.k dksd.k o ekoG ;k MksaxjkG izns’kkr mi;qDr Bj.kkjh gh xfueh

dkO;kph i/nrh gksrh- xfueh dkok Eg.kts ‘k=wlSU;k’kh leksjkleksj u y<rk R;kP;k Hkksorh f?kjV;k

?kkywu R;kph jln rksM.ks] lHkksorkypk izns’k csfpjk[k d:u vUuik.kh feGw u ns.ks] ‘k=w ;q/nkr

xqarysyk vlrkuk R;kP;k jkT;kr ?kqlwu yqVekj dj.ks] ;k mik;kus R;kyk vkiY;k jkT;kps j{k.k

dj.;kdfjrk ijr tk.;kl Hkkx ikM.ks- R;kP;k Nko.khoj lrr Nkis ?kkywu R;kyk cstkj dj.ks v’kh

i/nr Eg.ktsp xfueh dkok ;q/nra=- ;k izdkjP;k ;q/nra=kpk voyac dsY;kus ejkB;kaps lSU;cG deh

vlys rjh piG o osxoku gkypkyh dj.kkÚ;k ejkB;kauh eksBeksBs lSU; ckGx.kkÚ;k eq?kykaP;k lSU;kl

lGks dh iGks dsys-

8½ ‘kjhjj{kd nykph fufeZrh

jkT;klkBh jktkpk tho gk vR;ar ekSY;oku vlrks- fo’ks‛kr% e/;;qxhu dkGkr jkT;dR;kZpk

?kkrikr gh lkekU; ckc >kyh gksrh- v’kk osGh jktkP;k j{k.kklkBh ‘kjhj j{kd ny vl.ks gh vR;ar

egRRokph xks‛V gksrh- f’kokth egkjktkauhgh ‘kjhj j{kd nykph fufeZrh dsyh gksrh- jkt/kkuhr]

101

eksfgekaP;k osGh gs ‘kjhjj{kd ny lkrR;kus f’kokth jktkacjkscj vls- ;k nykus lqjr ;sFks f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k thokps j{k.k dsY;kpk mYys[k vkgs- gh lko/kkurk R;kauk vusdosGk mi;ksxh iMysyh fnlwu

;srs-

9½ tkrhfujis{k lSU;

ejkB;kaps lSU; gs loZ tkfr/kekZP;k yksdkaps lSU; vlY;kps fnlwu ;srs- ejkBs] dq.kch] gsjdjh]

dksGh] HkaMkjh] eqlyeku v’kk vusd tkfr/kekZps lSfud lSU;kr gksrs- ;q/n eqfLye lRrkacjkscj vlys

rjh eqfLye lSfudkapk }s‛k dsyk xsyk ukgh- y‛djh vf/kdkÚ;kae/;sgh nkSyr[kku] dk>h] >Sj]

fl|hfgyky vls vf/kdkjh gksrs- lSU; mHkkj.kh djrkuk f’kokth egkjktkauh tkr] /keZ] ;kapk fopkj dsyk

uOgrk-

10½ xqIrgsj ;a=.kk

ejkBsdkyhu xqIrgsj ;a=.kk vR;ar dk;Z{ke gksrh- R;keqGsp f’kokth egkjktkauh vusd fot;

feGoysys fnlwu ;srkr- izR;sd eksfgesP;k iwohZ vkiY;k gsj[kkR;kaekQZr ‘k=wph bR;aHkwr ekfgrh

feGkY;kus ‘k=wP;k nqcZG tkxk gs:u fot; feGork vkys- rlsp ‘k=wjkT;krhy ekfgrh iw.kZr% vlY;kus

rsFks /kMd ek:u R;kaP;k izns’kkph yqV dj.ks ‘kD; >kys-

11½ lSU;kapk nSuafnu o`Rrkar

lsukirhcjkscj lSU;kpk o`Rrkar fyfg.kkjs dkgh vf/kdkjh vlr- R;keqGs lSU;kpk nSuafnu o`Rrkar

jktkyk feGr vls- okduhl ukokpk vf/kdkjh lsukirhP;k gkrk[kkyh vls- rks lSU;kpk ,dw.k o`Rrkar

fyfgr vls- dk;Zokg ukokP;k vf/kdkjh lSU;kph vf/kd`r nSuafnuh fyfgr vls-

;k oSf’k‛V;kao:u y{kkr ;srs dh] ijaijkxr y‛djO;oLFksrhy nks‛k u‛V d:u lSU; mHkkj.;kr

vkys- lSU;kP;k izf’k{k.kkph O;oLFkk dsY;keqGs lSU;kph gkuh deh >kyh- ‘kL=kL= fufeZrh dsyh- jks[k

ixkj] ;ksX; dkefxjhlkBh ;ksX; cf{kl ;keqGs lSU;kyk izksRlkgu feGkys- xfueh dkO;kP;k ;q/nra=kpk

;ksX; fjrhus okij d:u ?ksrY;kus gs y‛djh iz’kklu izHkkoh Bjys-

4- 4- U;k;O;oLFkk

f’kokth egkjktkauh iz’kklukr U;k;O;oLFksyk vfr’k; egRokps LFkku fny s gksrs- rlsp U;k;nku

gs jkT;dR;kZaps egRokps drZO; ekuys tkr gksrs-

4-4-1- U;k; O;oLFksph ik’oZHkweh %

f’kodkGkr U;k;nku gs jktkP;k izeq[k drZO;kaiSdh ,d vls drZO; letys tkr gksrs- R;keqGs

R;k dkGkr loZp jkT;dR;kaZuh U;k;nkukdMs izk/kkU;kus y{k iqjoys gksrs- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k

dky[kaMkr eqfLye jkT;dR;kZapk izHkko loZnwj iljysyk gksrk- mRrjsdMs] egkjk‛Vªkr o nf{k.ksdMhy

102

cÚ;kp izns’kkr eqlyekuh dk;nsdkuwu o U;k;nkukP;k eqlyeku i/nrh vfLrRokr gksR;k- R;keqGs

f’koiwoZ dkGkr bZLykeh i/nrhoj vk/kkfjr U;k;nku gksr gksrs- LojkT; fufeZrhP;k njE;ku vkf.k

LojkT; fufeZrhuarj f’kokth egkjktkauh brj iz’kklukizek.ksp U;k;O;oLFkk fuf’pr dsyh- R;kaosGh R;kauh

ijaijkxr /kkfeZd xzaFkkapk vk/kkj ?ksrY;kps fnlrs- rlsp fot;uxjP;k jkT;krhy ijaijkapkgh Lohdkj

dsY;kps fnlrs- ejkB;kaP;k dkGkr U;k;nku i/nrh lk/kh vkf.k R;k dkGkyk vuqdwy v’kh gksrh- gh

i/nrh ferkvj vkf.k euqLe`rh v’kk izkphu laLd`r xzaFkkaoj vk/kkfjr gksrh- ijarw R;kpcjkscj R;kauh

iwokZikj pkyr vkysY;k :<hapk vk/kkj ?ksryk gksrk- jktk Eg.kts N=irh gs U;k;O;oLFksrhy lokZsPp

vf/kdkjh in gksrs- f’kokth egkjktkauh U;k;nkuklkBh Lora= U;k;kf/k’kkph use.kwd vkiY;k v‛Viz/kku

eaMGkr dsyh gksrh- izR;sd [ksM;kr] rkyqd;kr] egkykr o izkarkr ljdkjh vf/kdkÚ;kauk U;k;nkukps

vf/kdkj fnys gksrs-

f’kodkyhu U;k;nku O;oLFkk [kkyhy lk/kukaoj vk/kkfjr gksrh-

1½ /kkfeZd xzaFk %

dks.kR;kgh jkT;kaP;k dk;|kpk L=ksr gk R;k jkT;kP;k jktkP;k /kkfeZd xaFk gkp vlrks-

ejkBsdkyhu dk;ns gh fganw /keZxaFkkae/kwup ?ks.;kr vkys gksrs- ferkvj vkf.k euqLe`rh ;k izkphu laLd`r

xazFkke/kwu dk;|kps Lo:Ik ?ks.;kr vkys gksrs- /keZxazFkkr lkafxrysY;k ekU;rk fopkjkr ?ksÅu U;k;nku

dsys tkr gksrs- euq] gseknzh] ek/ko ;kaP;k lanHkkZuqlkj [kVyk pkyoyk tkr vls- fganw /keZ’kkL=]

euqLe`rh] ferkvj] O;ogkje;wj] nkudeykdj] ijk’kj ek/kfo;e] prqoZxZfparke.kh v’kk xazFkke/kwu

U;k;nkukP;k fu;ekaph mxeLFkkus vk<Grkr-

2½ :<h o ijaijk %

izkphu /keZxzaFkkPkk dk;|kP;k fufeZrhlkBh vk/kkj ?ksryk vlyk rjh lektkrhy :<h o ijaijk gs

lq/nk U;k;nkukps L=ksr gksrs- izR;{k /keZxazFkke/khy dk;|kps Kku loZlkekU;kauk vlsyp vls ukgh- i.k

ijaijsuqlkj lektkr dkgh :<h izLFkkfir >kY;k gksR;k- ;k lektekU; :<hapk vk/kkj U;k;nkukP;k osGh

?ksryk tkr gksrk-

3½ O;ogkj %

T;k [kVY;kae/;s /kkfeZd xazFkkaps lanHkZ feGr ulrhy vFkok :<hijaijk gh fu.kZ; ?ks.;klkBh

iqjs’kk Bjr ulrhy v’kk fBdk.kh O;ogkjkpk fopkj d:u U;k;nku gksr gksrs-

4½ jktkps vkns’k %

U;k;O;oLFksP;k lokZsPpinh jktk Eg.ktsp N=irh gksrs- dkgh dkj.kkus jktkus fo’ks‛k vkns’k

fnyk rj rksgh dk;|kpk L=ksr letyk tkr gksrk- jktkauh ,[kk|k [kVY;kackcr fnysY;k fu.kZ; iq<hy

103

dkGklanHkkZr lanHkZ Eg.kwu okijyk tkr vls- Eg.ktsp jktkpk vkns’k vFkok fu.kZ; gk iq<hy dkGkr

dk;|kpk L=ksr gksr vls-

v’kk i/nrhus dk;|kps L=ksr gksrs- czEglHkk gh ;k L=ksrkae/kwu dk;|kpk vFkZ ykfor vls-

4-4-2- dsafnz; U;k;O;oLFkk

U;k;nkukps lokZsPp vf/kdkj N=ihaMs gksrs- vFkkZr 1750 uarj gs vf/kdkj is’kO;kadMs vkys-

izR;{kkr U;k;nkuklkBh iz’kklukr Lora= vf/kdkjh gksrk- U;k;kf/k’k gk U;k;nkukckcrps lokZf/kdkj

vl.kkjk U;k;naMkf/kdkjh gksrk- ijaijk] /keZ’kkL=] furh’kkL= ;kpk fopkj d:u fnok.kh o QkStnkjh

[kVY;kapk U;k;fuokMk dj.;kps dke U;k;kf/k’kkps gksrs- eq[; U;k;kf/k’kkaO;frfjDr dkgh ljnkjkauk o

izfrf‛Brkauk U;k;nkukps vf/kdkj ns.;kr vkys gksrs- U;k;nkuklkBh Lora= U;k;kf/k’kkaph use.kwd

v‛Viz/kku eaMGkr dj.;kr vkyh gksrh- izR;sd [ksM;kr] rkyqD;kr] egkykr o izkarkr ljdkjh

vf/kdkÚ;kauk U;k;nkukps vf/kdkj fnys gksrs- R;kaP;k cjkscjhus iwokZikj pkyr vkysY;k xksrlHkk]

tkrhlHkk] czEglHkk ;kapsgh U;k;nkukps vf/kdkj vckf/kr Bso.;kr vkysys gksrs- U;k;O;oLFkk

iqf<yizek.ks gksrh-

1½ jktk@N=irh

N=irh gs loZ U;k;O;oLFksps izeq[k gksrs- R;kauk U;k;nkukP;k dkekr v‛Viz/kku eaaMG rlsp

[kktxh lfpo enr djr vls- [kVY;kP;k Lo:ikuqlkj dkgh fonoku eaMGhph enrgh N=irh ?ksr

vlr- v’kk fonokukauk lHkkln Eg.kr vlr- N=irh Lor% ea«;kaP;k enrhus fudky nsr vlr- R;kyk

'jkteqnzk' vls Eg.kr- tsOgk njckjkr m?kM [kVY;kaps dkedkt pkyr vls rsaOgk R;kyk '/keZlHkk' Eg.kr vlr- f’kokth egkjktkauh dk;e ea«;kP;k /keZlHksP;k lYY;kusp U;k;nku dsY;kps vk<Grs-

jkT;kfHk‛ksdkuarj oa’kijaijk bukekaP;k tfeuhapk iz’u R;kauh Lor% lksMfoyk- fQ;kZnhus vkiyh cktw

ekaMyh dh ex ea«;kP;k o /keZlHksP;k lYY;kuqlkj rs U;k;nku djhr-

2½ U;k;kf/k’k o iafMrjko %

U;k;nku gs vR;ar ifo= o egRoiw.kZ dk;Z ekuwu f’kokth egkjktkauh vkiY;k v‛Viz/kkukar

U;k;kf/k’k o iafMrjko ;k nksu ea«;kaph use.kwd dsyh gksrh- izkphu /keZxzaFk izpfyr dk;nk o fganw

dk;|kP;k :<haps Kku vl.ks gs R;kaps use.kwdhps xq.k letys tkr- fo’sk‛kr% /kkfeZd ckchaps [kVys gs

iafMrjkokadMs vlr-

3½ jkteaMG %

f’kodkyhu jkteaMGkr jktk] R;kaps ea=h vkf.k mPp vf/kdkÚ;kapk lekos’k gksrk- ;ke/;s

lqHksnkj] gokynkj] eqtqenkj] ljukscr gs ljdkjh vf/kdkjh o vU; oruh vf/kdkjhlq/nk gksrs- gs loZ

104

lHkkln jktkyk [kVY;kph ekfgrh nsÅu lYykgh nsr- fudkykP;k jkteqnzsoj ;k lnL;kaP;k

lg;k&fu’kkuh vls-

4½ czEglHkk

czEglHkk Eg.kts fonoku czkEg.kkaph lHkk- czEglHkk g;k loZlk/kkj.ki.ks rhFkZ{ks=kP;k

fBdk.kh Hkjr vlr- lkekftd o /kkfeZd Lo:ikps [kVys czEglHksiq<s ;sr- osG iMY;kl dk’khP;k

fonoku czkEg.kkapk lYYkkgh ?ksryk tkr vls- /keZfo‛k;d U;k;nku dj.kkjh czEglHkk gh lokZsPp lHkk

gksrh-

5½ xksr etyhl %

fnok.kh Lo:ikph [kVys pkyo.kkjh U;k;laLFkk Eg.kts xksretyhl- ;ke/;s lglk

xzkeO;oLFksrhy orunkj vkf.k cyqrsnkj lHkkln vlr- oruklaca/khps U;k;fuokMs gs xksretyhle/;s

gksr-

N=irh o R;kaP;k izR;{k fu;a=.kk[kkyh gh v’kh U;k;O;oLFkk gksrh- lqH;kae/;s o LFkkfud

ikrGhojgh lqlaca/k v’kh U;k;O;oLFkk gksrh- iz’kklukizek.ksp U;k;nkukps vf/kdkj R;k&R;k ikrGhoj

nsÅu U;k;nkukph O;oLFkk dsyh gksrh- iz’kkldh; izeq[k vkf.k yksdla[;k ;kaP;k enrhus gs U;k;nku

gksr vls-

4-4-3- izkarhd U;k;O;oLFkk

izkarhd U;k;O;oLFksr ea«;kauk ts foHkkx lqiwrZ dsys gksrs- rsFkhy U;k;O;oLFkk lqH;kae/khy

U;k;O;oLFksyk 'lqHkk ethyl' EgVys tkrs- rlsp ijxtk etyhl o xzke etyhl v’kh U;k;nkukph

mrjaM gksrh- R;kaps vf/kdkj o dk;Z{ks= fuf’pr gksrh-

1½ ea«;kaps foHkkx %

U;k;nku gs egRRoiw.kZ dk;Z ekuwu f’kokth egkjktkauh N=irhadMs U;k;nkukps vf/kdkj vckf/kr

Bsoys gksrs- i.k R;kpcjkscj tls LojkT;kps foHkkx ikMwu rs osxosxG;k ea«;kadMs lqiwnZ dsys gksrs- rlsp

R;k foHkkxkps U;kf;d iz’kklugh R;k&R;k ea«;kdMs gksrs- vkikiY;k foHkkxkrhy U;k;nkukph tckcnkjh

R;k R;k ea«;kdMs gksrh-

2½ lqHkk etyhl %

LojkT;kps lqH;kae/;s foHkktu d:u izR;sd lqH;kpk iz’kkldh; vf/kdkjh gk lqHksnkj gksrk-

lqHksnkjkdMs lqH;kP;k iz’kklukps o l qH;ke/khy U;k;nkukps vf/kdkj gksrs- fnok.kh o QkStnkjh ;k nksUgh

[kVY;kaps dkedkt rks ikgr vls- lqHksnkj gkp lqHkketyhlpk izeq[k gksrk vkf.k jktkpk izfrfu/kh ;k

ukR;kus R;kyk gk U;k;fuokMk djkok ykxr vls- fo’ks‛kr% orukps [kVys vlr- ;ke/;s R;kyk

orunkjhphgh enr gksr vls-

105

3½ ijx.kk %

ijx.kk xksretyhle/;s ns’keq[k] ns’kikaMs] ikVhy] dqyd.khZ] ‘ksVs] egktu] pkSxqys] vls

orunkj vlr- U;k;nkukps dke gs orunkjp djr vlr- xksretyhlpk izeq[k ns’keq[k gksrk- R;kyk

fnok.kh o QkStnkjh [kVys pkyo.;kpk vf/kdkj gksrk- ijx.;ke/khy loZ izdkjP;k [kVY;kaps fujkdj.k

dj.;kps dke R;kP;kdMs gksrs- xksretyhlP;k lgk¸;kus gs U;k;nku gksr vls-

4½ rQZ%

rQZe/khy U;k;nku Bk.kketyhlekQZr gksr gksrss- Bk.kketyhlpk eq[; vf/kdkjh gksrk gokynkj

xkokP;k ljg|hc|yps [kVys bukeh orukaP;k rdzkjhps [kVys rks ikgr gksrk- rQZe/khy ‘kkarrk o

lqO;oLFkspk Hkax dj.kkÚ;kauk f’k{kk dj.;kpk vf/kdkj R;kyk gksrk-

5½ xzkeetyhl %

U;k;jpusrhy lokZar izkFkfed U;k;ky; Eg.kts xzkeetyhl- xkoP;k ikVykdMs xzkeetyhlps

U;k;nkukps vf/kdkj gksrs- pkSxqyk ;k orunkjkP;k enrhus rks gs U;k;nkukps dke igkr vls- czEglHkk

Eg.kts fonoku czkEg.kkaph lHkk- czEg’kkL=kps Kku vl.kkÚ;k czkEg.kkaph rhFkZ{ks+=h lHkk gksr vls- fganwps

ifo= xazFk Jqrh] Le`rh] osn] mifu‛kns ;akps Kku vlwu U;k;nkukr R;kaps lanHkZ ?ksrys tkr- ijaijk]

vkpkjfopkj] lekt:<h ;kapkgh fopkj czEglHksr ?ksryk tkr vls- tkr] /keZ ;klaca/khP;k xqarkxqarhP;k

[kVY;kps fuokMs czEglHksr gksr- czEglHkk gh ,d izdkjs lokZsPp U;k;nku laLFkk gksrh- dkj.k R;krhy

fu.kZ;kar cny dj.;kpk vf/kdkj lglk dks.kkykgh uls-

6½ tkrhlHkk

izR;sd tkrhP;k varxZr U;k;nkuklkBh tkrhlHkk gksrh- ,dk fof’k‛V tkrhrhy iap R;k fBdk.kh

R;k&R;k tkrhcn~ny vl.kkjs fu;e y{kkr ?ksÅu U;k;nku djhr- tkr iapk;rhyk Qkj egRRo gksrs-

dkj.k lglk ;k f’k{kk dBksj vlr- okGhr Vkd.ks ;k f’k{ksykrj Qkjp okbZV letys tkbZ- tj

tkrhlHksdMs fu.kZ; gksÅ ‘kdyk ukgh rj rks [kVyk czEglHksdMs tkr vls-

7½ iaapk;r %

is’kosdkyhu U;k;O;oLFksrhy egRokph vkf.k oSf’k‛V;iw.kZ U;k;lajpuk gksrh- xkokrhy loZ

fnok.kh [kVys vkf.k dkgh izek.kkr QkStnkjh [kVys pkyfo.;kpk vf/kdkj xzkeiapk;rhyk gksrk- lglk

xzkeiapk;rhrp [kVY;kaps fujkdj.k gksr vls- iapkauk is’kO;kadMwu osru uOgrs ek= [kVY;krhy oknh &

izfroknhdMwu feG.kkjh gjdh ¼ jDde ½ iapkauk feGr vls-

8-fnO;s

,[kk|k [kVY;kckcr dkgh iqjkok feGr ulsy fdaok rks viw.kZ vlsy rj nSoh ‘kDrhyk

vkokgu d:u lR; ‘kks/k.;klkBh fnO;kpk okij dsyk tkr vls- ;k fnO;kaps nksu izdkj gksrs- tyfnO;

106

vkf.k vfXufnO;- ;kiSdh vfXufnO;ke/;s [kknhO;] yksgfnO; vkf.k ,sj.khfnO; gs rhu izdkj gksrs-

dks.kR;kgh izdkjP;k iqjkO;kP;k vk/kkjs nks‛kh vk<GysY;k O;Drhyk dBksj f’k{kk fnyh tkr vls-

4-4-4- f’k{kkaps izdkj

f’kodkGkr f’k{ksps rhu izdkj gksrs- fnok.knaM ¼ jktnaM ½] nsonaM ¼ czEgnaM ½] vkf.k

tkfrnaM ¼ xksrnaM ½] ljdkjh f’k{ksyk fnok.k naM Eg.kr- /kkfeZd o vkfFkZd nks‛k fuokj.;klkBhP;k

f’k{ksyk nsonaM Eg.kr vlr- tkfrnaM gh ,d lkekftd f’k{kk gksrh- tkfrO;ogkjkyk ik= gks.;klkBh

R;kyk tkrhyk tso.k |kos ykxr vls-

gkr&ik; rksM.ks] MksGs dk<.ks] xkokckgsj Vkd.ks] cfg‛d`r dj.ks] f’kjPNsn dj.ks] lqGkoj

p<o.ks] xk<oko:u f/kaM dk<.ks] rksaMkyk dkGs Qkl.ks] dMsyksV dj.ks] naM dj.ks] v’kk f’k{kk fnY;k

tkr gksR;k-

ljkoklkBh iz’u

1- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dsafnz; iz’kklukph ekfgrh fygk-

2- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dsafnz; iz’kklukps ?kVd Li‛V djk-

3- f’kodkyhu dsafnz; iz’kklukrhy v‛Viz/kku eaMGkps o.kZu djk-

4- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dsafnz; iz’kklukph oSf’k‛V;s fygk-

5- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k izkafrd iz’kklukph jpuk fo’kn djk-

6- f’kodkyhu izkafrd iz’kklukr ikfVy o dqyd.khZ ;kaph dkes dks.krh gksrh-

7- f’kodkGkrhy izkafrd iz’kklukr ns’kikaMs o pkSxqyk ;kaph dkes dks.krh gksrh ? 8- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k izkafrd iz’kklukph oSf’k‛V;s fygk-

9- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k y‛dj iz’kklukrhy ?kVd dks.kdks.krs gksrs ? 10- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k y‛djh iz’kklukph oSf’k‛V;s Li‛V djk-

11- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k vkjekjkph ekfgrh fygk-

12- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dsafnz; U;k;O;oLFksph ekfgrh fygk-

13- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dkGkrhy izkafrd U;k;O;oLFkk Li‛V djk-

14- f’kodkGkrhy U;k;nku i/nrhps o.kZu djk o rRdkyhu fnO;s vkf.k f’k{kkaph ekfgrh lkaxk-

vf/kd okpuklkBh iqLrds

1- v=s f=a- uk-] xkoxkMk]

2- fpV.khl d`- uk- e/;;qxhu Hkkjrh; ladYiuk o laLFkk-

3- Sen S. N., Administrative System of the Marathas, 4- Sen S. N., Military System of the Marathas,

107

bfrgkl& ,Q-ok;-ch-,- % f’kokth o f’kodky

izdj.k 5 os

N=irh f’kokth egkjkt vkf.k ijdh; lRrk

vuqØef.kdk

5- 1- iksrqZxht

5- 2- Mp

5- 3- Ýsap

5- 4- baxzt

izLrkouk

LojkT;kph LFkkiuk o foLrkj djrkuk f’kokth egkjktkauk vkfny’kkgh] o eq?kyh lRrka’kh

la?k"kZ djkok ykxyk gksrk- ;k LFkkfud lRrk/kh’kkacjkscjp f’kokth egkjktkauk baxzt] iksrqZxht] fln~nh o

Mp ;k ijdh; O;kikÚ;kacjkscjgh la?k"kZ djkok ykxyk- ofjy ijdh; O;kikjh Hkkjrkr O;kikj dj.;kP;k

mn~ns’kku vkys gksrs- R;kauh HkkjrkP;k osxosxG;k‘kgjke/;s vkiY;k o[kkjh LFkkiu dsY;k- O;kikj djr

vlrkuk R;kapk ejkBs] eq?ky] vkfny’kgk o dqrwc’kgk ;k LFkkfud lRrka’kh laca/k o la?k"kZ >kyk-

tkusokjh 1656 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh tkoGh izns’k ftadwu ?ksryk- tkoGhojhy fot;keqGs

LojkT;kP;k lhekapk foLrkj dksd.kki;Zar >kyk- ns’kko:u dksd.kkr tk.kkÚ;k okVkoj o ?kkVkaoj f’kokth

egkjktkaps opZLo fuekZ.k >kY;keqGs if’pe leqnzfdukjiV~Vho:u ns’kkdMs gks.kkÚ;k O;kikjkoj fu;a=.k

Bso.ks R;kauk lgt ’kD; >kys- tkoGh fot;keqGs LojkT;kpk foLrkj dksd.kki;Zar >kY;keqGs f’kokth

egkjktkapk laca/k baxzt] iksrqZxht] fln~nh] Mp o Ýsap ;k ijdh; lRrka’kh ;s.;kl lq:okr >kyh-

vkWDVkscj 1657 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh dY;k.k & fHkoaMh izns’k ftadwu ?ksryk- ;k izns’kkr R;kauh

vkjekjkP;k mHkkj.khl lq:okr dsyh- dkj.k ^^T;kps vkjekj R;kpk leqnz** ;k /kksj.kkph tk.kho R;kauk

gksrh- Hkfo";kr leqnzkojhy O;kikjko:u o dksd.kkrhy lRrkfoLrkjko:u vkiyk ;k ijdh;

lRrk/kh’kkalh la?k"kZ gksbZy ;kph tk.kho R;kauk gksrh- R;keqGs ejkBk jkT;klkBh lkeF;Z’kkyh vkjekj

mHkkj.;koj R;kauh Hkj fnyk- 1657 rs 1659 Ik;Zar f’kokth egkjktkaP;k vkjekjkrhy ifgyh ohl

y<kÅ xycrs r;kj >kyh gksrh-

5-- 1-- f’kokth egkjkt iksrqZxht laca/k

Hkkjrkr lokZr izFke iksrqZxhtkaps vkxe.k >kys- b- l- 1510 e/;s R;kauh xksok ;sFks vkiyh

olkgr LFkkiu dsyh- dksd.kkrhy olbZ ;k fBdk.kkojgh R;kauh vkiys opZLo izLFkkihr dsys gksrs-

1657 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh vkjekjkph eqgwrZes< jksoyh- R;klkBh R;kauh izFke iksrqZxhtkaph enr

?ksryh- vkjekj mHkkj.khlkBh iksrqZxhtkaph enr ?ksrkuk vki.k ;k vkjekjkpk mi;ksx fln~nhaP;k fojks/kkr

108

dj.kkj vkgksr vls tkfgj dsys- iksrqZxht ra=KkaP;k lgk¸;kus 1657 rs 1659 ;k dkyko/khr f’kokth

egkjktkauh vkiY;k vkjekjkrhy ifgys fol y<kÅ tgkts r;kj dsyh- i.k ;kp vkjekjkpk mi;ksx

Hkfo";kr vkiY;kfojks/kkrgh gksbZy ;k fHkrhus xksO;kP;k OgkbZljkW;us f’kokth egkjktkadMhy iksrqZxht

ra=Kkoj nMi.k vk.kwu R;kauk ijr cksykoys- olbZP;k vklikl ejkB;kaP;k vkjekjkpk okoj gksrk dkek

u;s ;kph dkGth iksrqZxht ?ksr vlr- ejkB;kaP;k fojks/kkr fln~nhauk xqIri.ks enr dj.;kps /kksj.k

iksrqZxhtkauh vaxhdkjys gksrs- ejkB;kapk fojks/k vlrkukgh iksrqZxht fln~nhauk ’kL=kL=s o vUu/kkU; iqjor

vlr- ejkB;kaP;k fojks/kkr iksrqZxht tls fln~nhauk enr djr r’khp enr ejkB;kaP;k fojks/kkr

vkfny’kgkykgh djr vlr- iksrqZxhtkaP;k ;k /kksj.kkckcr MkW- filqysZdj Eg.krkr] ^^fln~nh o f’kokth

;kaP;ke/khy la?k"kkZr iksrqZxhtkapk vks<k tlk fln~nhadMs gksrk R;kpizek.ks vkfny’kgk o f’kokth ;kaP;k

y<;kr iksrqZxht vkfny’kgkyk xqIri.ks enr djhr fdaok f’kokthP;k fHkrheqGs funku rVLFk rjh jkgkr]

i.k f’kokthph cktw ?ksr ulr- lRrspk rksy jk[k.;klkBh iksrqZxhtkal vls dj.ks Hkkx iMs!**

Tkkusokjh 1664 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh eq?kykaps le`/n o laiUu lqjr ’kgj yqVys- laiRrh

?ksÅu lqjrso:u ijr ;sr vlrkuk ejkBs iksrqZxhtkaP;k izns’kktoGwu ijr vkys- osGizlaxh iksrqZxht

izns’kkpk mi;ksx djrk ;sbZy vls R;kauk okVr gksrs- lqjrsph ;’kLoh yqV d:u vkY;kuarj iksrqZxhtkauh

f’kokth egkjktkaps vfHkuanugh dsys gksrs- Qsczqokjh 1665 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh dkjokj

fdukÚ;kojhy csnuwj jkT;kP;k cluwj canjkoj vkjekjh Lokjh dsyh- ;k Lokjhoj tkrkuk R;kauk

iksrqZxhtkauh fojks/k dsyk ukgh- Lokjho:u ijr ;srkuk ek= f’kokth egkjktkauk iksrqZxht vkjekjk’kh la?k"kZ

djkok ykxyk- ;k la?k"kkZr iksrqZxhtkauh ejkB;kaph 13 rkjos idMyh gksrh- dkgh dkyko/khuarj R;kauh

gh rkjos ejkB;kaP;k Lok/khu dsyh- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k vkØed gkypkyhauk ik;can ?kkywu R;kapk

dk;epk cankscLr dj.;klkBh vkSjaxtsckus fe>kZ jktk t;flaxkph fu;qDrh 1665 e/;s dsyh-

t;flaxkfo:/nP;k la?k"kkZr iksrqZZxhtkauh f’kokth egkjktkauk xqIri.ks enr dsyh gksrh- i.k lnj la?k"kkZr

t;flaxkpk fot; >kY;kuarj R;kP;k’kh uksOgsacj 1666 e/;s lyks[;kpk rg iksrqZxhtkauh dsyk-

t;flaxkiklwu vki.kkl =kl gksÅ u;s gk R;kekxpk R;kapk gsrw gksrk- ejkB;kauh 1666 e/;s

vkfny’kgkP;k opZLok[kkyhy QksaMk fdYyk ft ad.;klkBh eksfge gkrh ?ksryh- gk egRokpk fdYyk

ejkB;kaP;k opZLok[kkyh xsY;kuarj vki.kkl ejkB;kadMwu =kl gksbZy ;k fHkrhus iksrqZxhtkauh QksaM;kP;k

fdYysnkjkl xqIri.ks nk:xksGk iqjowu enr dsyh- QksaM;kpk fdYyk iksrqZxht lhestoG vlY;kus

ejkB;kaP;k opZLok[kkyh tk.ks iksrqZxht lRrsP;k n`"Vhus /kksD;kps gksrs- iksrqZxhtkauh QksaM;kP;k

fdYysnkjkl xqIri.ks enr dsY;keqGs gk fdYyk ejkB;kauk ftadrk vkyk ukgh- fe>kZ jktk t;flaxkP;k

vkxzgko:u f’kokth egkjkt vkxzk ;sFks eq?ky ckn’kgk vkSjaxtsckP;k HksVhlkBh xsys gksrs- vkxzk ;sFkhy

dSnsrwu lqVdk d:u LojkT;kr ijr vkY;kuarj iksrqZxhtkauh f’kokth egkjktkaps vfHkuan dsyss- f’kokth

109

egkjktka’kh ojdj.kh eS=hps ukVd dj.kkjs iksrqZxht varLFki.ks f’kokth egkjktkaP;k ’k=wauk enr djr

vlY;kus ejkBs & iksrqZxht laca/k lyks[;kps jkgw ’kdys ukghr- y[ke lkoar] ukjck lkoar] ds’ko

ukbZd] ds’ko izHkw]’ks.koh gs xksO;kP;k vkJ;kus ejkB;kaP;k izns’kkoj gYys djr vlr- ejkB;kaP;k ;k

fojks/kdkauk iksrqZxhtkadMwu vkJ; feGr gksrk- iksrqZxhtkaps /kkfeZd /kksj.kgh ejkBs & iksrqZxht laca/k

fc?kM.;kl dkj.khHkwr Bjys- iksrqZxht vkiY;k opZLok[kkyhy izns’kkrhy fganw yksdkaoj f[kzLrh /keZ

Lohdkj.;kph lDrh djr vlr- iksrqZxhtkaP;k ;k /kksj.kkcn~ny MkW- filqysZdj Eg.krk]^^jktkpk /keZ rksp

iztspk /keZ gs rRo xksO;krhy jktdkj.kke/;s f’kjys gksrs vkf.k R;kuqlkj dk;ns dj.;kr vkys gksrs-**

Ckkjns’koj Lokjh

f’kokth egkjktkauh uksOgsacj 1667 e/;s iksrqZxhtkauk /kMk f’kdo.;klkBh ckjns’koj Lokjh dsyh-

iksrqZxhtkaP;k izns’kkr jkgwu vki.kkl =kl ns.kk-;k caM[kksj nslk;kauk idM.ks o ckjns’k yqV.ks gh f’kokth

egkjktkaps ckjns’koj Lokjh dj.;kps dkj.ks gksrh- 20 rs 22 ukOgsacj ;k dkyko/khr ejkB;kauh

ckjns’ke/khy vusd xkos yqVwu csfpjk[k dsyh- tcjnLrhus /kekZarj dj.kkÚ;k rhu f[kzLrh /keksZins’kdkauk

idMwu ;enkukl ikBoys- vusd yksdkauk idMys gksrs- ejkB;kaP;k iz[kj vkØe.kkiq<s iksrqZxhtkapk

fVdko ykxyk ukgh- ejkB;kauk jks[kwu izfrdkj dj.ksgh R;kauk ’kD; >kys ukgh- ejkB;kacjkscjpk la?k"kZ

vki.kkl vf/kdp egkxkr iMsy gs vksG[kwu iksrqZxhtkauh ejkB;ka’kh rg dj.;kps Bjoys- fMlsacj

1667 e/;s iksrqZxhtkauh vkiyk odhy iknzh xksalkyw ;kyk jk;xMkoj ikBoys- f’kokth egkjktkacjkscj

>kysY;k rgkuqlkj iksrqZxhtkauh y[ke lkoar o ds’ko ukbZd ;k ejkB;kaps ’k=w vlysY;k caM[kksj

nslk;kauk vkJ; u ns.;kps ekU; dsys- R;kuqlkj twu 1668 e/;s y[ke lkoar o ds’ko ukbZd ;kauk

iksrqZxhtkauk xksO;kckgsj ?kkyowu fnys- f’kokth egkjktkauh ckjns’kojhy Lokjhr idMysY;k dS|kauk eqDr

dsys-

xksO;krhy mBkokph ;kstuk

LojkT;kpk foLrkj dj.;klkBh o xksO;kojhy iksrqZxhtkaps opZLo dk;eps laiq"Vkr vk.k.;klkBh

f’kokth egkjktkauh xksO;koj Lokjh dj.;kph /kkMlh] egRodka{kh ;kstuk uksOgsacj 1668 e/;s vk[kyh-

;k ;kstusuqlkj f’kokth egkjktkauh vkiY;k ek.klkadMwu xksO;ke/;s iksrqZxhtkafo:/n vpkud mBko

?kMowu vk.kk;pk o R;kp osGsl xksO;koj vkØe.k d:u xksok ftadk;pk vls Bjo.;kr vkys gksrs-

;k ;kstusuqlkj f’kokth egkjktkauh xVkxVkus o VI;kVI;kus iksrqZxhtkaP;k y{kkr ;s.kkj ukgh v’kk i/nrhus

vkiyh 400 rs 500 ek.kls xksO;kr ikBoyh- ijarq gh ;kstuk ;’kLoh gksÅ ’kdyh ukgh- dkj.k ;k

;kstusph ekfgrh iksrqZxhtkauk gksÅu rs lko/k >kys gksrs- iksrqZxhtkauh xksO;krhy vkysys ejkBk yksd

vpwdi.ks ’kks/kwu dk<ys o R;kauk xksO;kckgsj gn~nikj dsys- ;kuarj izR;{k xksO;koj Lokjh dj.;kpk

110

fopkjgh f’kokth egkjktkauh dsyk- i.k rls dj.ks ’kD; >kys ukgh- ’ksoVh f’kokth egkjkt o

iksrqZxht ;kaP;kr 10 Qsczqokjh 1670 e/;s rg ?kMwu vkyk- ;k rgkrhy rjrqnh iq<hy izek.ks vkgsr-

1 iksrqZxht o ejkBs ;kaP;kr ;kiwohZ >kysY;k la?k"kkZr ijLijkaph th tgkts yqV.;kr vkyh gksrh

R;kcn~ny ijLijkauk ;ksX; rh uqdlku HkjikbZ |koh-

2 iksrqZxhtkauh eq?kykaP;k tgktkaizek.ksp ejkB;kaP;k tgktkaukgh loyrh n;kO;kr-

3 f’kokth egkjktkauh iksrqZxht izns’k o LojkT; ;kaP;ke/khy ljgn~nhoj fdYys cka/kw u;sr-

4 iksrqZxht o fln~nh ,desdkaps fe= vlys rjh f’kokth egkjktkaP;k fo:/n iksrqZxhtkauh fln~nhauk

nk:xksGk o vU; jln iqjow u;s- iksrqZxhtkauh f’kokth egkjkt o fln~nh ;kaP;ke/;s lyks[kk

fuekZ.k dj.;kpk iz;Ru djkok-

iqu’p r.kko

f’kokth egkjkt o iksrqZxht ;kaP;ke/;s Qsczqokjh 1670 e/;s rg gksÅu fuekZ.k >kysyh ’kkarrk

iq<s Qkj fnol fVdw ’kdyh ukgh- es 1672 e/;s eksjksiar fiaxGs ;kP;k usr`Rok[kkyh ejkBk lSU;kus

pkSy] dkjats o eqacbZiklwu rs ne.k & cylkMi;Zarpk iksrqZxhtkaP;k opZLok[kkyhy izns’k yqVyk- iq<s

jkeuxjps dksGh jkT;gh ejkB;kauh ftadys- jkeuxjpk jktk ne.kP;k izns’kkrwu pkSFkkbZ olwy djr gksrk-

jkeuxjps jkT; vkrk vki.k ftadY;keqGs ne.k izns’kkrwu vki.kkl pkSFkkbZ feGkoh v’kh ekx.kh f’kokth

egkjktkauh iksrqZxhtkadMs dsyh- ijarq iksrqZxhtkauh pkSFkkbZ ns.;kl VkGkVkG dsyh- iksrqZxhtkaP;k

ejkB;kafo"k;hP;k nqVIih /kksj.kkpk jkx ;sÅu R;kapk cankscLr dj.;klkBh xksO;koj Lokjh dj.;kpk fu.kZ;

f’kokth egkjktkauh ?ksryk- QksaM;ktoG eknkth vuar ;kP;k usr`Rok[kkyh ejkB;kaps lSU; tek >kys-

f’kokth egkjkt xksO;koj Lokjh dj.kkj gh ckreh ,sdw.k iksrqZxhtkauk izpaM /kDdk clyk- i.k f’kokth

egkjktkapk e`R;w >kY;keqGs xksO;koj Lokjh dj.;kph ejkB;kaph ;kstuk jn~n >kyh- R;keqGs iksrqZxhtkauk

gk;ls okVys- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k e`R;wfo"k;h xksO;kpk rRdkyhu xOguZj Eg.krks] ^^f’kokthP;k e`R;weqGs

gs jkT; vkrk dkGthrwu eqDr >kys! ;q/nkis{kk ’kkarrsP;k izlaxh rks vf/kd Hkhfrnk;d gksrk-** R;kP;k

;k mn~xkjko:u iksrqZxhtkaP;k f’kokth egkjktkaP;k /kksj.kkfo"k;hph dYiuk ;srs-

5- 2- f’kokth egkjkt Mp laca/k

Hkkjrkr iksrqZxhtkaP;k uarj Mpkaps vkxeu >kys- iksrqZxht o Mp ,desdkauk Lor%ps izfrLi/khZ

letr vlr- 1649 P;k lqekjkl Mpkauh osaxqysZ ;sFks vkiyh o[kkj lq: dsyh o fdYykgh cka/kyk-

1663 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh MpkaP;k opZLok[kkyhy dqMkGoj Lokjh dsyh- ;k Lokjhpk MpkaP;k

O;kikjkoj izfrdwy ifj.kke >kyk- f’kokth egkjktkauh tkusokjh 1664 e/;s eq?kykaP;k opZLok[kkyhy

lqjr ’kgjkph yqV dsyh- ;k yqVhP;k osGh ejkB;kauh MpkadMs utjk.kk ekxhryk- i.k vki.k vkiyk

loZ iSlk O;kikjkr xqaroY;keqGs vki.kkdMs jks[k iSls ukghr vls lkaxwu osG fuHkkÅ.k usgyh- 1665

111

e/;s lqjrsP;k eq?ky lqHksnkjkus f’kokth egkjktkaps vkjekj u"V dj.;klkBh Mpkaph enr ekxhryh i.k

Mpkauh R;kyk enr dsyh ukgh- 1667 e/;s Mpkauh f’kokth egkjktkauk ckjns’koj Lokjh dj.;kl

m|qDr dsys vls iksrqZxhtkauk okVr gksrs- 1670 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh lqjrsph nqlÚ;k osGsl yqV

dsyh- ;k yqVhr ejkB;kauh Mpkauk =kl fnyk ukgh- 1672 e/;s Mpkauh f’kokth egkjktkauk utjk.kk

o i= ikBowu fnys gksrs- ekpZ 1677 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh dukZVd eksfge gkrh ?ksryh- iksVksZuksOgks

o rsxukiVe~ ;sFks MpkaP;k o[kkjh gksR;k- Mp vf/kdkÚ;kauh f’kokth egkjktkaph HksV ?ksÅu utjk.kk

fnyk- f’kokth egkjktkauhgh iksVksZuksOgks o rsxukiVe~ ;sFkhy MpkaP;k o[kkjhl ijokus fnys-

5- 3- f’kokth egkjkt o Ýsaplaca/k

b- l- 1668 e/;s Ýsapkps Hkkjrkr vkxe.k >kys- fMlsacj 1668 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkaph

ijokuxh ?ksÅu jktkiwj ;k fBdk.kh R;kauh vkiyh o[kkj lq: dsyh- jktkiwjf’kok; R;kaP;k lqjr]

rsypjh] ePNyhiV~V.ke ;sFksgh o[kkjh gksR;k- f’kokth egkjkt o Ýsap ;kaP;krhy laca/k lyks[;kps

gksrs- dkj.k f’kokth egkjktkaP;k ekx.khuqlkj Ýsapkuh ejkB;kauk nk:xksGk iqjoyk gksrk- R;keqGs

ejkB;kadMwu Ýsapkuk minzo ns.;kr vkyk ukgh- 1670 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh nqlÚ;kank lqjrsph yqV

dsyh- ;k yqVhph vkxkÅ ekfgrh f’kokth egkjktkauh Ýsapkauk fnyh gksrh- lnj yqVhe/;s ejkB;kadMwu

dlykgh =kl Ýsapo[kkjhl gks.kkj ukgh vls vk’oklugh f’kokth egkjktkauh fnys gksrs- Ýsap o[kkjhP;k

’kstkjhp vlysY;k dk’kuxjP;k jkTkkP;k okM;kr eksB;k izek.kkr laiRrh vlY;kps f’kokth egkjktkauk

letys gksrs- ;k okM;kr izos’k dj.;kl Ýsapkuh okV n;koh v’kh ekx.kh f’kokth egkjktkauh dsyh-

R;kaP;k ;k ekx.khuqlkj ejkB;kauk Ýsapkauh okV d:u nsÅu ejkB;kauk enrp dsyh-

f’kokth egkjktkauk Ýsap yksd o Ýsapdaiuh ;kaP;kfo"k;h fo’ks"k vknj vkgs v’kh ekfgrh

lqjrP;k Ýsap o[kkjhps vf/kdkjh ckjkWaa o Cyks ;kauh Ýsapiz/kku dksycsj ;kyk fyfgysY;k i=kr fnyh vkgs-

pkSy canj Ýsapkuk fodr ns.;klaca/kh ckjkWa ;kus 1672 e/;s f’kokth egkjktka’kh xqIri.ks ppkZ dsyh

gksrh- i.k iqjs’kk iS’kkP;k vHkkoh Ýsapkuk gs canj fodr ?ksrk vkys ukgh- 1675 e/;s jktkiwj ;sFks

ckjkWa dkgh fnol eqDdkekl gksrk- ;k dkyko/khr R;kph f’kokth egkjktkapk dksd.kkrhy lqHksnkj

v..kkth nRrks ;kP;k’kh cÚ;kp okVk?kkVh >kY;k- ;k dkyko/khrp f’kokth egkjkt dukZVd eksfge

gkrh ?ks.kkj vkgsr v’kh ekfgrh R;kyk feGkyh gksrh- f’kokth egkjkt o vkfny’kgkpk lsukirh

cgyksy[kku ;kaP;kr eS=hpk rg ?kMowu vk.k.;kpk iz;Ru ckjkWa ;kus dsyk gksrk- i.k R;kpk gk iz;Ru

;’kLoh >kyk ukgh- 1677 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh dukZVd eksfge gkrh ?ksryh gksrh- ;k eksfgesr

Ýsapkapk ikWaMspjh ;sFkhy o[kkjhpk izeq[k ÝksaLok ekjrkWa ;kus ikWaMspjh ;sFkhy ÝsapkaP;k o[kkjhl f’kokth

egkjktkadMwu ijokuxh o laj{k.kkph geh feGoyh- ;k eksfgesr f’kokth egkjktkauh ikWaMspjhojgh opZLo

izLFkkihr dsys- R;kauh ejkB;kaP;k orhus ÝsapkP;k ikWaMspjh ;sFkhy nSuafnu O;ogkjkoj ns[kjs[k

112

Bso.;klkBh nksu vf/kdkÚ;kaph fu;qDrh dsyh- iq<s ejkBs o Ýsap ;kaps laca/k Qkjls pkaxys jkfgys ukghr-

ekjrWa ;kyk f’kokth egkjktkadMwu o[kkjhlkBh ijokuxh feGo.ks dehi.kkps okVys- f’kokth egkjkt gs

,d caM[kksj o yqVk: vkgsr vls R;kps er r;kj >kys gksrs- rj Ýsap dukZVd eksfgesr ejkB;kadMwu

ijkHkwr >kysyk vkfny’kkgh lqHksnkj ’ksj[kku yksnh ;kP;k’kh xqIr laxuer lk/krkr vls Ýsapkfo"k;h

ejkB;kaps er cuys gksrs-

5- 4- f’kokth egkjkt baxzt laca/k

1- baxztka’kh ifgyk la?k"kZ

uksOgsacj 1659 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh vkfny’kgkpk cyk<; ljnkj vQ>y[kku ;kpk o/k dsyk-

R;kuarj tkusokjh 1660 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkapk jktkiwjdj baxztka’kh izFke laca/k vkyk- baxztkauh

1649 e/;s jktkiwj ;sFks vkiyh o[kkj m?kMyh gksrh- jktkiwj ;sFks vQ>y[kkkukP;k ekydhph rhu

tgkts vkyh gksrh- baxztkauh ;k tgktkauk vkJ; fnyk- vQ>y[kkukP;k o/kkuarj f’kokth egkjktkauh

;k fru tgktkaph ekx.kh jktkiwjdj baxztkadMs dsyh- tkusokjh 1660 e/;s ejkB;kaP;k lSU;kus jktkiwj

& dqMkG izns’kkoj vkØe.k dsys- nkSjksth ;k f’kokth egkjktkaP;k vf/kdkÚ;kus baxztkadMs

vQ>y[kkukP;k fru tgktkaph ekx.kh dsyh- gsUjh jsOghaXVu gk jktkiwjP;k baxzt o[kkjhpk izeq[k

vf/kdkjh vlwu rks /kqrZ o nzO;yksHkh gksrk- vQ>y[kkukps tgkts ejkB;kaP;k Lok/khu dj.;kl R;kus

VkGkVkG lq: dsyh- vQ>y[kkukP;k rhu tgktkaiSdh ,d tgkt baxztkauh cGdkoys rj brj nksu

tgktkaojhy yksdkauk ejkB;kafo:/n fQroys- R;keqGs nkSjksth ;k ejkBk vf/kdkÚ;kus fxQMZ ;k baxzt

izfrfu/khl o baxztkpk nyky ckckth ;kyk vVd d:u [kkjsikV.kP;k fdY;kr Mkacys- gsUjh jsOghaXVu

;kus f’kokth egkjktkauk i= ikBowu vVd dsysY;k O;Drhaph lqVdk dj.;kr ;koh v’kh ekx.kh dsyh-

R;k ekscnY;kr fln~nhaP;k naMkjktiwjhojhy eksfgesr ejkB;kauk enr dj.;kps vk’oklu fnys-

Hkfo";krhy jktdkj.kkr jktkiwjdj baxztkapk mi;ksx gksbZy vlk fopkj d:u f’kokth egkjktkauh

baxztkaps loZ dSnh lksMwu ns.;kpk vkns’k vkiY;k vf/kdkÚ;kauk fnyk-

2- baaxztka’kh nqljk la?k"kZ

vQ>y[kkukP;k o/kkuarj f’kokth egkjktkapk cankscLr dj.;klkBh vkfny’kgkus fln~nh tkSgj ;kph

fu;qDrh dsyh- 2 ekpZ 1660 e/;s fln~nh tkSgjus iUgkG;kP;k fdY;kl os<k fnyk- ;k lqekjkl

f’kokth egkjktkaps okLrO; iUgkGk fdY;kojp gksrs- ;k la?k"kkZr jktkiwjdj baxztkauh fln~nh tkSgjyk

enr dsyh- gsUjh jsOghaXVu gk jktkiwj o[kkjhpk vf/kdkjh o R;kP;klkscr fe?kWe] fxQMZ o osyth gs

baxzt iUgkG;kl ,d rksQ o 50 rksQxksGs ?ksÅu vkys gksrs- ;k rksQspk o rksQxksG;kapk okij R;kauh

ejkB;kafo:/n dsyk- rksQ d’kh pkyokoh ;kps izkR;{khd R;kauh fln~nh tkSgjyk d:u nk[koys-

113

rksQsoj baxzth fu’kk.k QMdowu gsUjh jsOghaXVuus iUgkG;koj rksQ Mkxyh- R;keqGs fln~nh tkSgj pkaxykp

[kw"k >kyk-

baxztkaP;k ;k d`rhpk f’kokth egkjktkauk eukseu jkx vkyk gksrk- i.k iUgkG;kP;k os<;kr

vMdY;keqGs baxztkaP;k ;k dkjok;k ikg.;kf’kok; ejkB;kauk dkghp djrk vkys ukgh- i.k jktkiwjP;k

;k baxzt vf/kdkÚ;kauk ’kklu dj.;kpk fu’p; f’kokth egkjktkauh dsyk- iUgkG;kP;k os<;krwu lqVdk

>kY;kuarj ekpZ 1661 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh jktkiwjoj gYyk dsyk- jktkiwj gs l/ku canj gksrs-

f’kokth egkjktkauh gsUjh jsOghaXVu] fe?kWe] fxQMZ o brj dkgh baxzt vf/kdkÚ;kauk idMys o R;kaph

jokuxh lksuxMP;k fdY;kr dj.;kr vkyh- ejkB;kauh jktkiwjph baxztkaph o[kkj iw.kZi.ks m/oLr dsyh-

;k o[kkjhr 25000 ph yqV feGkyh- v’kk i/nrhus fln~nh tkSgjyk enr dsY;kph pkaxyhp f’k{kk

gsUjh jsOghaXVu o R;kP;k lgdkÚ;kauk feGkyh- ejkB;kaP;k dSnsr vlysY;k nks?kkapk e`R;w dSnsrp >kyk-

nksu o"kkZaph dSnsph f’k{kk nsÅu R;kaph lqVdk dj.;kr vkyh- baxzt daiuhpk izsflMsaV vW.Mª;wt ;kus

gsUjh jsOghXVuyk fyfgysY;k i=kr Eg.krks] ^^daiuhP;k ekykps j{k.k dsys Eg.kwu gh dSn izkIr >kyh

ulwu iUgkG;kP;k os<;kr baxztkapk ckoVk QMdkowu xksGs mMfoY;kcn~nyps gs izk;’phRr vkgs-** v’kk

i/nrhus fln~nh tkSgjyk vkiY;kfo:/n enr dj.kk-;k jktkiwjP;k baxztkauk f’kokth egkjktk auh pkaxyhp

f’k{kk fnyh-

3- Lkqjrsph ifgyh yqV

6 rs 10 tkusokjh 1664 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh eq?kykaP;k l/ku o le`/n v’kk lqjr ’kgjkph

eulksDr yqV dsyh- laiRrh feGo.;kcjkscjp eq?kykaP;k vkJ;kus O;kikj dj.kk-;k baxzt] Qzsap o Mp

O;kik-;kae/;s vkiyh ng’kr fuekZ.k dj.;kP;k mn~ns’kkus f’kokth egkjktkauh lqjrsph yqV dsyh-

lqjrspk eq?ky lqHksnkj buk;r[kku ;kus lqjr ’kgjkps laj{k.k dj.;k,soth fdY;kr tkÅu clyk-

baxztkauh ek= vkiY;k o[kkjhps laj{k.k dj.;kph r;kjh dsyh- baxzt o[kkjhpk izeq[k tkWtZ vkWD>haMu

;kus 6 tkusokjh jksth vkiY;k nksu’ks lSfudkaps lqjrsP;k jLR;ko:u lapyu dsys- buk;r[kkukP;k

rqyusr baxztkauh /kS;Z nk[koY;kps fnlwu ;srs- ejkB;kauh dsysY;k lqjrsP;k yqVhr baxztkaps 1000 ikSaMps

uqdlku >kys- ejkB;kauh baxztkapk izfrfu/kh vWaVuh fLeFk ;kyk idMys o 300 :Ik;s naM ?ksÅu R;kph

lqVdk dsyh- ejkB;kauh lqjrspk Jhear O;kikjh gkth lSn csx ;kpk okMk QksMwu laiRrh feGoyh o

okM;kyk vkx yko.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- i.k R;kyk baxztkauh fojks/k dsyk- dkj.k ;k okM;ktoGp

baxztkaph o[kkj gksrh- okM;kyk ykxysyh vkx HkMdyh rj vkiY;k o[kkjhpsgh uqdlku gksbZy vls

baxztkauk okVr gksrs- ejkBs o baxzt ;kaP;kr ;kosGh >kysY;k pdedhr nksUghdMhy dkgh lSfud ej.k

ikoys- f’kokth egkjktauh baxzt o[kkjhdMs nqyZ{k dsys- dkj.k baxzt o[kkj yqVr clwu osG

?kkyo.;kis{kk lqjr yqV.ks R;kauk tkLr egRokps okVr gksrs-

114

4- Lkqjrsph nqljh yqV

3 o 4 vkWDVkscj 1670 jksth f’kokth egkjktkauh lqjrsph iqUgk yqV dsyh- ;k yqVhP;k osGh

baxztkauh ejkBs vkiyh o[kkj yqV.kkj ukghr ;kph dkGth ?ksryh- R;klkBh o[kkjhP;k laj{k.kkph

pkaxyh O;oLFkk R;kauh dsyh- f’kokth egkjktkapk vkiY;k o[kkjhl =kl gksÅ u;s Eg.kwu baxztkauh

vkiys izfrfu/kh R;kaP;kdMs ikBowu utjk.kkgh fnyk- ;k yqVhr f’kokth egkjktkauh vki.kkl =kl fnyk

ukgh vls baxztkauh fygwu Bsoys vkgs-

5- mfLVd f’kLVkbZ

f’kokth egkjktkauh 1664 o 1670 e/;s lqjrsph yqV d sY;kpk baxztkauh pkaxykp /kldk ?ksryk

gksrk- ;k nksu yqVheqGs lqjr ’kgjkrhy O;kikj pkaxykp eankoyk gksrk- vkiY;k O;kikjkP;k

lqjf{krrslkBh vkf.k f’kokth egkjktkaP;k lqjr yqVhpk QVdk clw u;s Eg.kwu baxztkauh lqjr ,soth

eqacbZl vkiyh eq[; o[kkj LFkykarjhr d:u f’kokth egkjktkaph ethZ laiknu dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk-

eqacbZrhy eq[; o[kkj vkf.k eqacbZ csVkP;k laj{k.kklkBh f’kokth egkjktka’kh lyks[;kps laca/k vl.ks

R;kauk xjtsps okVw ykxys- 1670 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh dY;k.k & fHkoaMhpk izns’k opZLok[kkyh

vk.kyk- ;k izns’kkrwu baxzt ykdqM QkVk vk.kr vlr- R;koj ejkB;kauh canh ?kkryh- R;keqGs

f’kokth egkjktka’kh izR;{k okVk?kkVh d:u loyrh feGokO;kr o jktkiwjyk o[kkj lq: dj.;kl

ijokuxh ?;koh vlk fopkj baxztkauh dsyk vkiyk izfrfu/kh LVhQu mLVhd ;kyk cksy.kh dj.;klkBh

ekpZ 1672 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkadMs ikBoys- f’kokth egkjkt o LVhQu mfLVd ;kaph HksV ,fizy &

es 1672 e/;s >kyh- LVhQu mfLVdus f’kokth egkjktkalkBh [kkl yaMu cksVhus vkysyk ekSY;oku

utjk.kk HksV fnyk- f’kokth egkjkt o LVhQu mfLVd ;kaP;k HksVhr okVk?kkVh gk sÅu baxztkauk jktkiwjyk

iqUgk o[kkj m?kM.;kl vki.k lgkuqHkwrh nk[kow vls v’oklu f’kokth egkjktkauh fnys- ijarq ;k HksVhr

baxztkapk Qkjlk Qk;nk >kyk ukgh-

6- FkkWel fudYl

ejkB;kauh ,fizy 1673 e/;s gqcGh ;sFkhy baxztkaph o[kkj yqVyh vkf.k vkB gtkj gksukapk eky

feGoyk- jktkiwj o gqcGh ;sFkhy baxztkaP;k o[kkjh yqVwu ejkB;kauh bazxztkaph dsysyh uqdlkuHkjikbZ

feGo.;klkBh eqacbZdj baxztkauh FkkWel fudYl ;kyk f’kokth egkjktkaP;k HksVhlkBh jk;xM fdY;koj

ikBoys- 3 twu 1673 jksth f’kokth egkjkt o FkkWel fudYl ;kaph Hk sV >kyh- HksVhe/;s FkkWel

fudYlus gqcGh ;sFkhy baxzt o[kkjhaP;k yqVhpk fo"k; dk<yk rsaOgk gqcGhph yqV usedh dks.kh o dsaOgk

dsyh gs ekfgrh ulY;kus uqdlkuHkjikbZ ns.;kpk iz’up mnHkor ukgh vls f’kokth egkjktkauh lkafxrys-

vkiY;k izns’kkrwu ehB o ykdqMQkVk iqjoB;kckcr loyrh ns.;kps vk’oklu ek= R;kauh baxztkauk

fnys-

115

7- gsUjh vkWfD>aMsu

twu 1674 e/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh jkT;kfHk"ksd d:u ?ks.;kps fu’phr dsys gksrs- ;k lekjaHkkps

vkSfpR; lk/kwu vkiY;k O;kikjklkBh dkgh [kkl loyrh feGo.;klkBh baxztkauh vkiyk izfrfu/kh gsUjh

vkWfD>aMsu ;kl f’kokth egkjktkaP;k HksVhlkBh ikBo.;kps Bjoys- jkT;kfHk"kd izlaxh rks jk;xMkoj

mifLFkr gksrk- jkT;kfHk"ksdkps o.kZu R;kus vkiY;k jkstfu’khe/;s d:u Bsoys vkgs- jkT;kfHk"ksdkuarj

12 twu 1674 jksth f’kokth egkjkt o gsUjh vkWfD>aMsu ;kaph HksV >kyh- ;k HksVhr gsUjh vkWfD>aMsu

;kus f’kokth egkjktkauk [kkl utjk.kk fnyk- HksVhe/;s f’kokth egkjktkauh baxztkauk LojkT;kr O;kikj

dj.;kph vkf.k jktkiwj] nkHkksG] pkSy] dY;k.k ;sFks o[kkjh m?kM.;kph ijokuxh fnyh-

8- lWE;qvy vkWfLVu

baxztkauh 1675 e/;s jktkiwj ;sFks iqUgk o[kkj lq: dsyh- ekpZ 1675 e/;s nf{k.k dksd.kP;k

eksfgesoj vlrkuk f’kokth egkjktkauh jktkiwjyk HksV fnyh- baxztkauh R;kauk 200 gksukapk utjk.kk

fnyk- ijarq f’kokth egkjkt baxzt laca/k Qkj fnol pkaxys jkgw ’kdys ukghr- dkj.k 1674 P;k

’ksoVh ejkB;kauh [kkuns’kkrhy /kj.kxko ;sFkhy baxztkaph o[kkj yqVyh- ejkB;kauh dsysY;k yqVheqGs

>kysyh uqdlkuHkjikbZ ekx.;klkBh o[kkjhpk izeq[k lWE;qvy vkWLVhu f’kokth egkjktkaP;k HksVhlkBh 6

lIVsacj 1675 jksth jk;xMkoj vkyk- 15 lIVsacj 1675 jk sth f’kokth egkjkt o lWE;qvy vkWLVhu

;kaP;kr HksV >kyh- ;k HksVhr >kysY;k uqdlkuHkjikbZph ekx.kh lWE;qvy vkWLVhuus dsyh- ijarq lnj

yqVhcn~ny vki.kkl dks.krhgh ekfgrh feGkyh ukgh vls lkaxwu f’kokth egkjktkauh uqdlkuHkjikbZ

ns.;kl udkj fnyk-

9- [kkansjhpk y<k

baxztkaP;k ejkB;kafo"k;hP;k nqVIih HkwfedseqGs ejkBs o baxzt ;kaP;krhy laca/k fo’oluh; ikrGhoj

iksgpw ’kdys ukghr- f’kokth egkjktkauk baxztkafo"k;h d/khgh fo’okl okVr uOgrk- ejkB;kaP;k fojks/kkr

baxzt fln~nhauk lkrR;kus enr djr vlr- rlsp f’kokth egkjktk auh baxztkadMs rksQkph ekx.kh d:ugh

baxztkauh gh ekx.kh tk.khoiwoZd VkGyh gksrh- R;keqGs baxztkapk cankscLr dj.;kpk fu.kZ; f’kokth

egkjktkauh ?ksryk- baxzt o fln~nhauk ’kg ns.;klkBh vkWxLV 1679 e/;s [kkansjh csVkoj rVcanh

cka/k.;kl lq:okr dsyh- ejkB;kaP;k ;k /kksj.kkeqGs baxzt pkaxysp vLoLFk >kys- ejkB;kauk fojks/k

dj.;kps Bjowu R;kapk izfrdkj dj.;klkBh lIVsacj 1679 e/;s baxztkauh g;qtsl ;kph fu;qDrh dsyh-

ek;ukd HkaMkjh ;kP;k usr`Rok[kkyh ejkB;kauh [kkansjh csVkojhy rVcanhps dke lq: dsys gksrs-

ejkB;kauk feG.kkjh enr rksM.;kpk baxztkaph iz;Ru dsyk- i.k R;kpk dkghp mi;ksx >kyk ukgh-

baxztkacjkscj gks.kk-;k laHkkO; la?k"kkZpk fopkj d:u f’kokth egkjktkauh nkSyr[kku ;k ejkB;kaP;k vkjekj

izeq[kkl [kkansjh csVkdMs ikBoys- 19 lIVsacj jksth baxztkauh [kkansjh csVkoj rksQkapk ekjk dsyk- ijarq

116

>kysY;k la?k"kkZr baxztkapkp ijkHko >kyk- ek;ukd HkaMkjhus baxztkaps tgkt idMys- tkWtZ dksy o

dkgh baxztkauk ejkB;kauh dSn dsys-

vkWDVkscj 1679 e/;s dWIVu fjpMZ dasfXouP;k usr`Rok[kkyh fjOgsat fÝxzsV gs eksBs tgkt] 7

xycrs o 200 f’kikbZ [kkansjhyk os<k ?kky.;klkBh eqacbZo:u fu?kkys- ;kph ekfgrh ejkB;kauk feGrkp

ek;ukd HkaMkjh ;kP;k usr`Rok[kkyh ejkB;kauh baxztkaP;k vkjekjkoj vpkud gYyk p<oyk- vpkud

>kysY;k gY;keqGs baxzt pkaxysp xksa/kGwu xsys- baxztkaps vkjekj ,d= u jgkrk fo[kqjys xsys- ejkBs

baxzt la?k"kkZr fln~nhauh baxztkauk enr dsyh i.k R;kpk Qkjlk mi;ksx >kyk ukgh- fMlsacj 1679 e/;s

rj ejkB;kauh baxztkaph pkaxyhp dksaMh dsyh- baxztkapk dk;epk cankscLr dj.;kP;k gsrwu f’kokth

egkjktkauh dY;k.k toG 4 gtkj lSU; tek dsys- ;k lSU;klg eqacbZoj f’kokth egkjkt vkØe.k

dj.kkj v’kh ckreh baxztkauk dGyh- ejkB;kaiq<s vkiyk fVdko ykx.kkj ukgh gs vksG[kwu baxztkauh

tkusokjh 1680 e/;s ek?kkj ?ksryh- tkusokjh 1680 e/;s baxztkauh ejkB;ka’kh rg d:u ejkB;kaP;k

’k=wyk enr u dj.;kps baxztkauh ekU; dsys-

f’kokth egkjktkauh ojhy ijdh; lRrka’kh osGizlaxkuqlkj d/kh eS=hps rj d/kh ’k=qRokps laca/k

BsÅu LojkT;kP;k n`"Vhus R;kapk Qk;nk d:u ?ksrY;kps fnlwu ;srs-

ljkoklkBh iz’u

1- f’kokth egkjkt o iksrqZxht laca/k Li"V djk-

2- f’kokth egkjkt o Ýsap laca/kkph lfoLrj ekfgrh fygk-

3- f’kokth egkjkt o Mp laca/kkph ekfgrh fygk-

4- f’kokth egkjkt o baxzt laca/k Li"V djk-

vf/kd okpuklkBh iqLrds

1- dqyd.khZ v- jk-] [kjs x- g- (laik-)] ejkB;kapk bfrgkl [kaM 1] 2- csanzs ok- lh-] N=irh f’kokth egkjkt iwokZ/k Z]

3- iBk.k ;w- e- (laik-)] lHkkln c[kj]

4- esganGs xtkuu HkkLdj] Jh jktk f’koN=irh Hkkx 1]

5- ljnslkbZ xksfoan l[kkjke] ejkBh fj;klr [kaM 1]

6- filqysZdj ikaMqjax] iksrZqxht & ejkBk laca/k

117

bfrgkl& ,Q-ok;-ch-,- % f’kokth o f’kodky

izdj.k lgkos

N=irh laHkkth egkjktkaph dkefxjh

vuqØef.kdk

6-1 N=irh laHkkthjktkaps lRrkxzg.k

6-1-1 N=irh laHkkthjktkaps vYi pfj=

6-1-2 laHkkthjktkaps lRrkxzg.k

6-2 laaHkkthjkts vkf.k eq?ky laca/k

6-2-1 laHkkthjktkapk eq?kyk’kh lajatkenkj Eg.kwu vkysyk laca/k

6-2-2 vdcjkP;k ek/;ekrwu fnYyhps jktdkj.k dj.;kph eqRln~nsfxjh

6-2-3 vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgkph Lokjh % LojkT;kojhy ladV

6-2-4 eq?ky vkØe.kkps Lo:i

6-2-5 eksxyh vkØe.kkpk ejkB;kadMwu izfrdkj

6-2-6 laHkkthjktkapk fu?k`Z.k e`R;w

6- 3- N=irh laHkkth vkf.k ijdh; lRrk laca/k

6-3-1 N=irh laHkkth vkf.k iksrqZxht laca/k

6-3-2 N=irh laHkkth vkf.k baxzt laca/k

6-3-3 N=ifr laHkkth vkf.k fl|h laca/k

6-4 laHkkthjktkaaP;k dkefxjhps ewY;ekiu

6-4- 1 vkØed o xrheku eksfgek

6-4- 2 izHkkoh dk;Z{ke o f’kLrc) jkT;dkjHkkj

6-4- 3 iztkfgrn{k jktk

6-4- 4 egkjk.kh ;slwckbZ ;kaP;k gkrh eqydh dkjHkkj

6-4- 5 /keZ‘kq)hps dk;Z

6-4- 6 laHkkthjktkauh LojkT; o Lo/keZ jk[khys

6-4-7 laaHkkth vkf.k ‘kkDr iaaFk

6-4-8 laHkkth vkf.k dfo dy’k laca/k

118

izdj.k lgkos

N=irh laHkkth egkjktkaph dkefxjh

izLrkouk %&e/;;qxhu egkjk‛VªkP;k bfrgklkr N=irh f’kokthus fganoh LojkT; LFkkiu d:u jktdh;

{ks=kr Økarh dsyh-f’kokthjktkaP;k e`R;wcjkscjp ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklkrhy ,d egku ioZ laiys- R;kaP;k

e`R;wuarj gs jkT; fVdfo.;kph o ok<fo.;kph tckcnkjh laHkkthjktkaoj vkyh- f’kokthjktkaps

vykSfdd o ;qxizorZd dk;Z] R;kauk loZp Lrjkrwu feGkysys mnaM lgdk;Z] jktekrk fttkckbZadMwu

feGkysys ekxZn’kZu] ftokyktho ns.kkjs lgdkjh] VksG/kkMhlkj[ks vkØed ekoGs f’kikbZ] fon~oku]

izkekf.kd o fu‛Bkoku czkã.k vf/kdkjh oxZ bR;knhaeqGs f’kokthjktkaP;k dk;kZyk lkrR;kus ;’k feGkys-

R;kaP;k dr`ZRokyk o ijkØekyk nSoh peRdkj ekuys tkÅ ykxys- f’kokthjktk Eg.kts f’kokpk vorkj]

fo‛.kwpk vorkj] fHkekpk vorkj v’kh yksdkaph f’kokth egkjktkafo‛k;h J)k gksrh- R;k J)sP;k tksjkoj

egkjktkauh peRdkjhd o vukdyuh; d`R;s d:u txkps y{k vkiY;kdMs os/kwu ?ksrys gksrs- fganoh

LojkT;kpk laLFkkid Eg.kwu vf[ky egkjk‛Vª egkjktkadMs ikgkr gksrk- ;k ik’oZHkwfeoj f’kokthjktkauarj

lRrsoj vkysY;k laHkkthjktkaleksj vusd iz’u mHks gksrs- egkjktkaP;k e`R;wuarj lRrkla?k‛kZ lq: >kyk-

lRrslkBh dVdkjLFkkukauk mr vkyk gksrk- T;kauh jkT; mHkkj.khP;k dkeh f’kokthegkjktkaph fu‛Bsus lsok

dsyh gksrh] rsp iz/kku ejkBh lRrsr nqgh fuekZ.k d:u jkT;uk’kklkBh iz;Ru djhr gksrs- LokFkkZlkBh

jkT;kP;k [kÚ;k okjlnkjkyk cnuke dj.;kps iz;Ru djhr gksrs- f’kokthjktkus eq?ky ckn’kkghyk ts

gknjs fnys gksrs R;kpk lwM ?ks.;klkBh] ejkB;kaP;k jkT;kpk uk’k dj.;klkBh o ckn’kgkpk caM[kksj

iq= vdcj ;kyk nf{k.ksr vkJ; ns.kkÚ;k laHkkthl f’k{kk dj.;klkBh Lor% vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgk nf{k.ksr

;sÅu clyk gksrk- HkksorkyP;k lRRkk laf/k lk/kwu ejkBk jkT;kyk =kl ns.;kps iz;Ru djhr gksR;k-

v’kk izfrdwy ifjfLFkrhr laHkkthjktkauh jkT;kph lq=s gkrh ?ksryh- b- l- 1681 rs b-l- 1689 ;k

vo?;k vkB&uÅ o‛kkZP;k vYi dkGkr laHkkthjktkauh vkiY;k dr`ZRokP;k tksjkoj ejkBk jkT;

ok<fo.;klkBh o fVdfo.;klkBh vgksjk= iz;Ru dsys- orukpk yksHk vl.kkÚ;k o tqyeh vf/kdkÚ;kauk

tjc clowu iztsP;k dY;k.kkdMs y{k fnys- eksghekaph tckcnkjh Lor%dMs ?ksÅu egkjk.kh ;slwckbZP;k

gkrh eqydh dkjHkkj lksiÅu R;kaP;k dr`ZRokyk la/kh izkIr d:u fnyh- vkiY;k >atkokrh eksfgekaeqGs

vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgklghr rRdkyhu loZp lRrkauk tjc clfoyh- O;kid ] /kwrZ o eqLrÌh jktdkj.kkP;k

cGkoj rRdkyhu jktdkj.kkoj vkiyk Blk meVfoyk- yksd dY;k.kdkjh jktk ] /keZijk;.k] /keZj{kd

o /keZohjjktk Eg.kwu bfrgklkr vkiys LFkku fuf’pr dsys- v’kk N=irh laHkkthjktkaP;k dkefxjhpk

,sfrgkfld ekxksok ?ks.;kpk iz;Ru ;k izdj.krwu dsysyk vkgs-

6-1 N=irh laHkkthps lRrkxzg.k

6-1-1 N=irh laHkkthjktkaps vYi pfj= %&

f’kokthjktkaph izFke iRuh lbZckbZ ;kauk ,dw.k pkj viR;s >kyh- R;kiSdh ifgY;k rhu eqyh ¼

ldokjckbZ] jk.kwckbZ] o vk.kfedk fdaok vafcdkckbZ ½ o pkSFks viR; Eg.kts ;qojkt laHkkth-

‘kdkoyhrhy mYys[kkuqlkj] ^ ‘kds 1579 gseyach laoRljs ts‛B’kq) xq:okjh ?kfVdk ngk ¼ 14 es

1657½ laHkkthjkts iq= >kys- iqjanjh mitys-* iq= tUekuarj lbZckbZ FkksM;kp fnolkr vktkjh iMyh-

R;kauk nw/k ulY;kus fttkÅlkgsckauh ckGkP;k nq/kkph O;oLFkk dsyh- ;kfo‛k;h xkMs dfjU;ke/;s vlk

mYys[k ;srks dh] ^ /kkjkbZ ¼xkMs½ vkok- fryk--- fttkokvkÅlkgsc ;kapk gqdwe tkyk vkf.k nkbZ d:u

119

izrkixMkoj xsyh- egkjkt f’kokth ;kaps L=hl nwn uOgrs Eg.kks.k nkbZ dsyh vkf.k laHkkth jkts ¼;kal½

nwn ykfoys- ikthr vlrk jkts Fkksj tkys- --- vklkeh fn/kyh- /kkjkbZ vkok rSukr ojlkph gksu 26

ikor gksrh-* 5 lIVsacj 1659 jksth lbZckbZpk e`R;w >kyk- laHkkthjktkl vkiY;k ekrspk Qkjlk

lgokl ykHkyk ukgh- ijarq R;kaph vkth fttkÅauh R;kpk vf/kd ftOgkG;kus lkaHkkG dsyk- b-l-

1670 & 71 e/;s lks;jkckbZP;k iksVh jktkjkekpk tUe >kY;kuarj laHkkthl vkbZph mf.ko tkLr

izd‛kkZus tk.kow ykxyh vlkoh- 17 twu 1674 jksth fttkÅlkgsckapk e`R;w >kyk- R;kuarj ek=

laHkkthjktkal ek;spk vk/kkj jkfgyk ukgh- f’kokthjktkauh o fttkckbZuh laHkkthP;k f’k{k.kkph O;oLFkk

rRdkyhu i)rhuqlkj mRRe izdkjs dsyh gksrh- laHkkthjktkauk ,dw.k cRrhl o‛kkZaps ¼ 14 es 1657 rs

11 ekpZ 1689½ vk;q‛; ykHkys gksrs-

6-1-2 laHkkthjktkaps lRrkxzg.k%&

laHkkthjktkaP;k thoukps izeq[k nksu VIis djrk ;srkr- ifgyk VIik 1657 rs 1680 vkf.k nqljk 1681

rs 1689- ifgY;k VII;kr R;kauk vusd ftokoj csr.kkÚ;k dkekph tckcnkjh Lohdkjkoh ykxyh-

varxZr dygkl o cnukehl lkeksjs tkos ykxys- nqlÚ;k VII;kr lRrslkBh la?k‛kZ o lRrkxzg.k vkf.k

eq?ky lRrs’kh la?k‛kZ djkok ykxyk- ;k la?k‛kkZr Lo/keZ o Lons’k ;kaP;k j{kklkBh R;kus vkiys cfynku

fnys- f’kokthjktkaP;k jktkfHk‛ksd izlaxh laHkkthjktkal ;qojkt Eg.kwu iVca/ku gksÅu laHkkthjkts ejkBk

jkT;kps fof/kor okjl >kys gksrs- f’kokthjkts dukZVdkP;k ekfgesoj xsys vlrkuk R;kauh laHkkthjktkauk

‘k`axkjiqjh tkÅu jkg.;kpk vkns’k fnyk o izHkkuoYyhlqH;kpk dkjHkkj Lora=i.ks dj.;kl lkafxrys gksrs-

jk;xMkojhy varxZr jktdkj.kkP;k ?kkyesyhr f’kokthjktkauh laHkkthjktkauk ijGhl

jkenklLokehakP;kHksVhl ikBfoys gksrs-f’kokthjktkaP;k e`R;wuarj laHkkthjkts vkf.k v‛Viz/kku eaMGkrhy

izeq[k iz/kkukae/;s cscuko fuekZ.k >kyk gksrk- R;krwu laHkkthjktkaP;k fojks/kkr vusd izdkjph dVdkjLFkkus

dsyh- R;kr laHkkthjktkauk fo‛k ?kkywu ekj.;kP;k dVkpkgh lekos’k gksrk- laHkkthjktkaoj >kysY;k

fo‛kiz;ksx dVkfo‛k;hps mYys[k fudksyk; euqfp o eqacbZdj baxzt] ;kaP;k vgokykrwu ;srkr--¼ eqacbZdj

baxzt 30 vkWxLV 1681 yk v‘kh ekfgrh nsrkr dh]^ laHkkthjktk eksB;kizek.kkojhy ladVkr liMyk

gksrk- R;kP;k tso.kkrhy eLR;kUukps iksVh ?kkrysY;k fo‛kkus rks ejk;pk ijarq R;kP;k vYio;hu uksdjkus

R;kyk rs lsou dj.;kiklwu Fkkacfoys ---*½ laHkkthjktkauk dj.;kr vkysY;k fo‛kiz;ksx dVkr dks.kdks.k

lkfey gksrs] R;kauk laHkkthjktkus d’kh f’k{kk dsyh ;kckcrps gh mYys[k eaqcbZdj bxztkaP;k mijksDr

vgokykrwu ;srkr- laHkkthjktkaoj fo‛kiz;ksxkpk dV dj.;kP;k izdj.kkr lkfey vlysY;kauk

laHkkthjktkauh dBksj f’k{kk dsyh- ;kckcr ph ekfgrh eqacbZdjkaP;k fn- 12 vkWDVkscj1681 P;k i=kr

;srs- laHkkth jktkauk fo‛kiz;ksx dj.;kP;k dVkfo‛k;h ejkBhlkezkT;kph NksVh c[kj o fpV.khl c[kj

;karwugh ekfgrh feGrs- R;kr dkgh uohu ukokapk o ekfgrhpk lekos’k vlY;kps fnlwu ;srs-¼ fpV.khl

c[kjhr] ^ --- jk;xMkoj tk.;kiwohZ lksekth ukbZd cadh o lw;kZth dad & fude] ;kl ekfjys ---

ekylkoar oxSjs fQrO;kr gksrs rs ngkia/kjk vklkeh rsp le;h ekfjys- --- lksekth ukbZd cadh ;kpk

ysd gksrk R;kl Vdedho:u yksVwu fnyko ekfjyk- ckiwth HkkÅjko o lw;kZth dkGs ;kaph Mksldh

ekfjyh- --- lks;jkckbZlkgsc --- frljsfnolh izk.k xsyk- gs dGY;koj ngu dsys- ,slsijh mxzi.ks

ekrCcj ljnkj nksu’ks i;Zar ek.kwl ‘kklu mxz naM dsyk- ---½ f’kokthjktkaP;k njckjh vlysY;k o

fu‛Bkoku Eg.kwu R;kdkGh ykSfdd vlysY;k izzeq[k yksdkauh laHkkthjktkafo:) dV dkjLFkkus dsyh-

;kckcr bfrgkldkj ok-lh- csanzs ^N=irh laHkkthegkjkt* ;kxzaFkkr fyfgrkrr dh] ^--- f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k loZ czkã.k ea«;ke/;s eksjksiar gk ,dVkp dk; rks mPp /ks;~;fu‛Bsus dk;Z dj.kkjk iz/kkuea=h

120

gksrk- eksjksiarkacjkscj ea=hinkoj vk:<>kysY;k brj czkã.k ea«;kae/;s fuGksiar eqtqenkj o v..kkth

nRrks lfpo gs nks?ksp egRokP;k tkxh gksrs- ijarq ;k nks?kkaph o`Rrhp izFkeiklwu dksrh gksrh- R;kauk t’kh

eksjksiarkacn~ny vlq;k okVr gksrh] rlsp rs ijLijkapkgh }s‛k djhr gksrs- --- * f’kokthjktkaps iz/kku vkf.k

laHkkthjkts ;kaP;ke/;s f’kokth egkjktkaP;k e`R;wuarj tks dyg fuekZ.k >kyk gksrk- jktkfHk‛ksd izlaxh

laHkkthjktkyk ;qojkt Eg.kwu >kysY;k iVca/kukph ckc laHkkthP;k lRrsr Hkj Vkd.kjh o o`) ea«;kauk

tkp.kkjh ,d egRokph ?kVuk gksrh- --- *f’kokth egkjktkaP;k e`R;wle;h eksjksiar o v..kkth nRrks gs

nksup iz/kku g;kr gksrs- --- R;krhy v..kkth vkf.k laHkkthjktkaps forq‛V vkys gksrs- --- dsoG jktk

tcjnLr Eg.kwu rks uksdjh djhr gksrk---- * f’kokthjktkaP;k e`R;wuarj njckjkrhy vf/kdkÚ;kauh

dVdkjLFkkus d:u jktkjkekpk eapdkjksgu lekjaHk dsyk o laHkkth jktkauk dSn dj.;kph dkjLFkkus

pkyfoyh gksrh- 21 ,fizy 1680 jksth v{kr`fr;sP;k eqgqrkZoj jktkjkekl vukthiar lqjuhl ;kauh

eapdh cSlfoys-¼LojkT;kps N=irh Eg.kwu ?kksf‛kr dsys-½ laHkkthjkts ;kl dSn d: ,slk rg d:u

eksjksiar o vki.k iukfy;kojh pkyksu xsys- --- ljdkjdqukauk eku[kaM.kk dj.kkjs laHkkthjkts udks gksrs-

R;kauk LokFkkZdfjrk fganoh LojkT;kP;k flagklukps nksu rqdMs >kys rjh ikfgts gksrss- --- lqHksnkj ]

dkjdwu] o vf/kdkjh ;kaP;k LoSjkpkjkyk o lkeF;kZyk /kDdk clyk gksrk] gs R;kekxps dkj.k gksrs-

laHkkthjktkapk jktxknhpk gDd Mkoy.;kps iz;Ru dsys tkr vlrkuk rs gDd izkIr dj.;klkBh laHkkth

jktkauh iz;Ru dsys o jktxknh gLrxr dsyh- 20 twu 1681 jksth laHkkthjkts ohl gtkj lSU;klg

iUgkG;kgwu jk;xMkoj vkys vkf.k xM rkC;kr ?ksryk- R;kuarj laHkkthjktkauh eq?kykaP;k izns’kkr

vkØed LokÚ;k dsY;k- 20 tqyS 1681 jksth egkjktkaps eapdkjksgu >kys rj 16 tkusokjh 1681 jksth

R;kauh jktkfHk‛ksd d:u ?ksryk vkf.k vkiys iz/kkueaMG fuf’pr dsys- R;kr] eksjksiar is’kok dSnsr

vlrkukp e`R;w ikoY;kus laHkkthjktkauh eksjksiarkapk iq= fuGks eksjs’oj ;kl vkiY;k iz/kku eaMGkr

is’kosin fnys- v..kkth nRrks ;kl vekR;] izYgkn fujkthdMs U;k;k/kh’k] jkepanz fuGdaB ;kl lfpo]

gachjjko eksfgrs ;kauk lsukirhin fnys- v’kkfjrhus vkiY;kfo:) dV dj.kkÚ;kauk {kek d:u R;kauk

LojkT;kP;k dkeh ykoys-

6-2 laaHkkthjkts vkf.k eq?ky laca/k%&

N=irh laHkkth vkf.k eq?ky ;kaP;k laca/kkpk vH;kl djrkuk izkeq[;kkus rhu eqÌs egRokpss Bjrkr-

R;kr 1 & laHkkthjktkapk eq?kyka’kh lajatkenkj Eg.kwu vkysyk laca/k 2 & ejkBk jkT;krwu

fnysj[kkukP;k vf/kiR;k[kkyhy ekfgesr laHkkthjktkapk lgHkkx- 3 & N=irh laHkkth & vdcj laca/k-

4 & vkSjaxtsckP;k vf/kiR;k[kkyh ejkBk jkT;kpk fouk’k dj.;klkBh eq?kykauh gkrh ?ksrysyh eksghe

vkf.k R;kl ejkB;kauh dsysyk izfrdkj- 5& laHkkthjktkaph dSn vkf.k Lo/kekZlkBh dsysys cfynku-

;kapk lekos’k djrk ;srks-

6-2-1 laHkkthjktkapk eq?kyka’kh ljatkenkj Eg.kwu vkysyk laca/k%&

laHkkthjktkauk vYi o;kr vusd tks[kehph o thokoj csr.kkjh dkes dsyh- o;kP;k vkBO;k o‛khZ

iqjanjP;k rgkpk ,d egRokpk Hkkx Eg.kwu eq?kykaph iapgtkjh eulc Lohdkjkoh ykxyh- R;kosGh

t;flaxkus gkrh ?ksrysY;k fotkiwjdjkaojhy eksfgesr laHkkthjktkauk R;kP;kcjkscj eksfgesr jkgkos ykxys-

iqjanj rgkpk o fe>kZjkts t;flax vkf.k f’kokth egkjkt ;kaP;k jktdkj.kkpk ,d Hkkx Eg.kwu

ckn’kgkP;k vkns’kko:u f’kokth egkjkt o eq?ky ckn’kgkpk iap gtkjh eulcnkj Eg.kwu laHkkthl

vkXÚ;kl tkos ykxys vkf.k f’kokthjkT;kaP;k dSnsuarj fu;feri.ks ckn’kgkP;k njckjkr tkos ykxys-

121

vkXÚ;krwu lqVdk >kY;kuarj lqj{ksP;k dkj.kkeqGs eFkqjsr jgkos ykxys o czkã.kkpk eqyxk cuwu ftokoj

csr.kkjk [kMrj izokl d:u jk;xMkoj ;srkp- b-l- 1667 e/;s f’kokth vkf.k eq?kykaP;k

jktdj.kkpk Hkkx Eg.kwu nf{k.ksP;k lqHksnkjkph lIrgtkjh eulc fLodk:u R;kaP;k njckjh jgkos ykxys-

‘kkgtknk eqvTte ;kus laHkkthjktkauk lIrgtkjh eulc nsÅu oÚgkM o [kkuns’kkpk ia/kjk yk[kkpk

eqyq[k eksdklk Eg.kwu fnyk- rhu o‛ksZ laHkkth vkTte ‘kgkcjkscj gksrk-½ rssFkwu laHkkthjkts eq?kykauk

tkÅu feGkys- ¼’kdkoyhrhy uksanhuqlkj laHkkthjkts 13 fMlsacj 1678 yk ijGh xMko:u eksxykbZr

fnysj[kkukik’kh xsys-½ fnysj[kkukcjkscj vusd eksfgek dsY;k- R;kr] HkwikGxM ftadyk] vFk.kh ph ywV

dsyh o 23 uksOgsacj 1679 jksth laHkkth iUgkGxMkoj f’kokth egkjktkaP;kdMs vkys- 16 tqyS 1680

jksthP;k MpkaP;k vgokykr] ^ f’kokthpk eqyxk laHkkth vkiY;k ckikyk lksMwu dkgh dkGki;Zar

eksxyh lSU;kr xsyk gksrk- rks vkt vkiY;k ckikP;k v’oklukoj fo’oklwu f’kokthdMs ijr vkyk

vkgs-*

6-2-2 vdcjkP;k ek/;ekrwu fnYyhps jktdkj.k dj.;kph eqRlÌsfxjh %&

ejkB;kaP;k jktdkj.kkr o izkeq[;kus laHkkthjktkaP;k dkjfdnhZr vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgkpk iq= ‘kkgtknk

vdcj ¼ikr’kkgtknk egaen vdcj ;kpk tUe 11 lIVsacj 1657 jksth >kyk- R;kP;k vkbZps uko

fnyjlckuw &¼rh jtiwr dU;k gksrh-½ gksrs- es 1667 e/;s R;kyk izFke vkB gtkjh eulc fnyh- ---

10 fMlsacj 1672 jksth rks ohl gtkjh eulcnkj >kyk- 24 fMlsacj 1676 jksth R;kyk ekGO;kph

lqHksnkjh feGkyh- 5 tqyS 1678 jksth R;kl eqyrkuph lqHksnkjh feGkyh---rj 13 ,fizy 1679 jksth

R;kyk ykgksjP;k lqHksnkjhoj ikBfoys-½ gk vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgkpk lokZr ygku iq= gksrk- R;kus caM d:u

nf{k.ksr laHkkthjktkpk vkJ; ?ksryk- ;k ?kVusyk rRdkyhu fganqLFkkuP;k jktdj.kkr rlsp N=irh

laHkkthjktkaP;k eq?kyfo‛k;d jktdh; /;s;~; /kksj.kkr vuU;lk/kkj.k egRo izkIr >kys gk srs- b-l- 1681

lkyh vdcjkus vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgkfo:) caM iqdk:u Lor%yk ckn’kgk Eg.kwu ?kksf‛kr dsys gksrs nf{k.ksr

;sÅu R;kus laHkkthjktkapk vkJ; ?ksryk o laHkkthjkauhgh R;kyk loZizdkjph enr dsyh- 13 uksOgscj

1682 jksth laHkkthjkts vkf.k ‘kkgtknk vdcj ;kaph jk;xMktoGhy /kksaMls xkoh HksV >kyh o rsFksp

R;kP;k jkg.;kph O;oLFkk dsyh- njegk [kpkZl yk[k :i;s usewu nsÅu pkyfoys- /kksaMls xkoh ikr’kgk

jkghys Eg.kwu R;kps uko ikr’kgkiwj vls Bsfoys- Lor% vksjaxtsc ckn’kgkP;k vf/kiR;k[kkyh ejkBk

jkT;koj vkysY;k ijpØkyk‘kg ns.;klkBh laHkkthjktkauh ‘kgtknk vdcjkpk iqjsiqj mi;ksx d:u

?ksryk- gs djhr vlrkuk fganoh LojkT;kpk Lora= jktk Eg.kwu vkiyk ekuejkrc jk[kwu vkiY;k

dr`ZRokph o ‘kDrhph pkaxyhp tk.kho eksxyh lRrsyk d:u fnyh-

6-2-3 vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgkph Lokjh % LojkT;kojhy ladV %&

N- f’kokthjktkapk e`R;w >kY;kuarj nf{k.k ftadwu ?ks.;klkBh o f’kokth egkjktkaps jkT; ftadwu ?ksÅu

laiw.kZ nf{k.k vkiY;k rkC;kr ?ks.;klkBh Lor% eq?ky ckn’kgk vkSjaxtsc QkStQkVk] ekrCcj ljnkj]

vkiY;k ukR;krhy loZ ekrCcj yksd cjkscj ?ksÅu vkyk gksrk- R;kP;k ;k eksfgesps yoktE;kps o

R;kr lgHkkxh >kysY;k ljnkj ekrCcjkaps mYys[k lsrwek/kojko ixMh ;kauh ejkBk & eksxy la?k‛kZ ;k

xazFkkr dsys vkgs- rs ftKklwauh t:j igkos- vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgkP;k ;k eksfgesps mÌs’k dk; gksrs ;kckcr

ok-lh- csansz fyfgrkr dh] ^ vdcjkpk rkcMrksc cankscLr dj.ks vkSjaxtsckl vxnh fudMhps gksrs- ---

dkj.k vdcjkps ckgqys iq<s d:u brj=gh ukeksgje dsys xsysys jkts o eku[kaMuk >kysys eqlyeku

mejko gh vkiY;k’kh oSj djrhy] v’kh R;kyk fHkrh okVr gksrh-- vkSjaxtsckus fujfujkG;k dkj.kkauh

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vdcjkpk dlwu ikBykx dj.;kpk fuxzg dsyk- jtiwr jkTkka’kh ?kkbZus rg d:u rks vtfejkgwu 1681

P;k lIVsacjkr fu?kkyk- ;k dqpkr ,deso fopkj Eg.kts dkghgh gksoks T;kauh vdcjkl Bko fnyk R;k

laHkkthpk uk’k djko;kpk-* ;kckcr rRdkyhu lk/kukarwu mYys[k ;srkr- lqjrdj baxzt 3 ,fizy 1681

jksthP;k i=kr fyfgrkr] ^ ckn’kgk --- cÚgk.kiqjkr vkgs- ----- R;kP;k eqykrhy T;k ,dk eqykus R;kps

fo:) caM dsys vkgs o laHkthP;k jkT;kr tkÅu jkfgyk vkgs- R;kP;k ikBykxkFkZ rks nf{k.ksr xsyk

vkgs- ikr’kgkcjkscj Qkj eksBh lsuk vkgs- --- vkSjaxtsckus vdcjkl i=s fygwu R;kyk caM[kksjhiklwu

ijko`Rr dj.;kpk iq‛dG iz;Ru dsyk- vdcjkyk /kj.;kph fdaok ekj.;kph brj dkjLFkkus pkyfoyhp

gksrh- ;kckcr] fudksyk; euqfp vls fyfgrks dh] ^ vkSjaxtsckus xksO;kpk OgkbZljkW; n roksjk dksan&n&

vyoksj ;kyk fyfgys dh] rqEgh laHkkoj Lokjh djk] y<kbZr R;kP;kdMwu tks eqyq[k ?;ky rks loZ

rqEgkl cf{kl Eg.kwu fnyk tkbZy- laHkkthcjkscj vkSjaxtsckpk caM[kksj eqyxk vdcj vkgs- R;kyk okV

nsÅ udk o dks.kR;kgh izdkjph enr d: udk- myV R;kyk idMysr fdaok ek:u Vkdys rj

ikr’kgkoj eksBsp midkj dsY;klkj[ks gksrhy--- *

6-2-4 eq?ky vkØe.kkps Lo:i %&vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgkus ejkBk jkT; ftadwu ?ks.;klkBh o laHkkthpk uk’k

dj.;klkBh gkrh ?ksrysY;k eksfgesus ejkBh eqy[kkl loZ cktwauh gSjk.k dsys gksrs- R;kus vkiY;k lsusrhy

‘kgk vkTte] cgknwj[kku] phudhyht[kku] glu vyh[kku bR;kfnauk ejkBh eqy[kkr gYys dj.;klkBh

ikBfoys- baxzt] iksrqZfxt ] fl|h ;kapsdMs lgk¸;kph ekx.kh dsyh- uksOgsacj 1681 rs 20 Qscqzokjh

1707 i;Zar rks nf{.ksr jkfgyk- ukf’kd toGpk jkelst fdYyk ?ks.;klkBh R;kus izFke ‘kgkcqn~nhu ;k

ljnkjkl ,fizy 1682 e/;s ikBfoys- ijarq R;kyk ;’k u vkY;kus rks fdYyk ?ks.;klkBh cgknqj[kkukl

ikBfoys- b-l- 1682 &83 e/;s dY;k.k &fHkoaMh ftadwu ?ks.;klkBh j.keLr[kkukl ikBfoys- R;kyk

;’k u vkY;kus :gqYyk[kkukl R;kP;k enrhl ikBfoys- b-l- 1683 e/;s ckn’kgkus ejkB;kaps jkT;

ftadwu ?ks.;kBh ;kstuk vk[kyh- ckn’kgkus vkiyk rG vgenuxj ;sFks gkyowu ejkB;kaP;k jkT;kr loZ

cktwus lSU; ?kqlfoys- ;k ;kstusuqlkj ‘kkgtknk vTTe’kgk o ‘kkgtknk csnkjc{k ;kauk ukf’kd foHkkxkr

ikBfoys- :gqYyk [kkukl fujk unhP;k izns’kkr ikBfoys- cank egaen[kkukl v‛VhP;k izns’kkr] o

‘kkgtknk ‘kkgvkye ;kyk nf{k.k dksd.kkr ikBfoys- R;kP;kcjkscj vfr’k[kku] ljQjkt[kku]

b[kykl[kku] tkufulkj[kku vkf.k R;kaP;kcjkscj 45 gtkj lSU; fnys- b-l- 1684 P;k izkjaHkh

ekewj[kkukus f’kokthP;k ewG tgkfxjhrhy izns’kkr tkÅu gs ijx.ks vkiY;k lSU;kus O;kiwu Vkdys-

‘kgkcqn~nhu [kkukus jk;xMkl os<k ?kkryk- b-l- 1685 i;Zar f’kokthP;k tgkfxjhrhy izns’k ?ks.;kr

ckn’kkgh QkStsyk ;’k vkys ukgh- R;keqGs ckn’kgkus b-l- 1686 e/;s vkfny’kkgh o b-l- 1687

e/;s dqrqc’kkgh ftadwu ?ksryh vkf.k iqUgk ejkB;kaps jkT; ftadwu ?ks.;kBh iz;Ru lq: dsys- ejkB;ka’kh

y<k nsrkruk vkSjaxtsckus yqVkyqV] tkGiksG] fganwaoj vR;kpkj] QanfQrqjh ] dVdkjLrkus bR;knh

fujfujkG;k ekxkZapk voyac dsyk-

6-2-5 eq?ky vkØe.kkpk ejkB;kadMwu izfrdkj %&LojkT;koj vkysY;k eksxyh vkØe.kkP;k ladVkps

fujkdj.k dj.;klkBh laHkkthjktkauh fujfujkG;k ekxkZapk voysc dsyk- laHkkthjktkapk eq?ky lSU;k’kh ]

R;kaP;k eksfgeka’kh ] ‘kkgtkns o ljnkjka’kh vkf.k ,dw.kp eq?kyh lsusP;k ekufldrs’kh toGwu ifjp;

>kysyk vlY;kus rlsp izR;{k R;kaP;k eksfgekrwu Hkkx ?ksryk vlY;kus laHkkthjktkauh xfuehdkO;kpk ]

fQrqjhP;k ra=kpk voyac d:u vkf.k eksxyh QkStkaoj gYys d:u R;kaph jln yqVwu eq?kykaP;k lSU;kyk

gSjk.k d:u lksMys- ;k ek/;ekrwu LojkT;kps laj{k.k dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- ;k eksfgekackCkr eYgkj

jkejko fpV.khl c[kjhr] rlsp ejkBh lkezkT;kP;k NksV;k c[kjhr o brj lk/kukae/kwu ekfgrh feGrs-

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ejkB;kauh eq?kykaP;k QkSstsyk dls gSjk.k dsys] ,d & ,d fdYyk dlk ;qfDrus y<foyk] ;kckcrps

o.kZu rRdkyhu lk/kukarwu ;srs- ;kckcr ‘kdkoyh o [kkQh[kku ekfgrh nsrkr] ‘kdkoyhr v’kh

uksan ;srs dh] ^ gk os<k ikplgk efgus pkyw gksrk vls fnlrs-* [kkQh[kku fyfgrks dh] ^jkelst

fdYY;koj [kjk ejkBk tkrhpk o ;q)kr fu‛.kkr] [kachj o prqj vlk fdYysnkj gksrk- --- ;k xMkoj

,dgh yks[kaMh rksQ uOgrh- ijarq iq‛dG dkrMs gksrs- R;k fdYY;krhy yksd ;k dkrM;kP;k rksQk

cuor- dkrM;kP;k rqdM;kr nk: lkBowu R;k ikr’kkgh lSU;koj >kMhr- rh dkrM;kph rksQ yks[kaMh

ngk rksQkacjkscj ‘kfDr’kkyh vls- --- * ‘kgkcqn~nhu[kku vi;’kh >kysyk ikgwu ikr’kgkus R;kyk

cksykowu ?ksrys vkf.k [kkutgku cgknwj dksdyrk’k ;kyk tko;kl lkaxfrys- R;kP;k eksfgesph

[kkQh[kku v’kh nsrks dh] ^--- fdYysnkjkauh [kkutgkupk Mko cjkscj vksG[kyk vkf.k xMkP;k >aqtkph

;ksX; rh [kcjnkjh ?ksryh- --- rsFkhy yksdkauh rVko:u [kkyh vlysY;k yksdkaoj nxM Qsd.ks] o

rsykus Hkjysys fpa/;kaps iyhrs pkaxys isVys dh rhjkP;k lkg;kus nwjoj Qsdhr Bsoys- vkf.k ftdMs

[kkutgku cgknqjkus rV p<wu gYyk dj.;kl yksd ikBfoys gksrs- R;k cktwl y<kÅ yksd ikBfoys- ---

R;kauh vkokt u djrk eks?kykaP;k lSU;koj gYyk dsyk- --- uarj fdYY;kojhy yksdkauh cgknwj[kkukP;k

rGkyk vkx ykoyh- R;keqGs cgknqj[kkukyk rG lksMwu tkos ykxys- --- laHkkthjktkus jkelstP;k

fdYY;kojhy fdYysnkjkP;k ;’kkcn~ny] R;kyk iq‛dG iSlk] oL=s jRutMhr lksU;kps dMs cf{kl fnys

o R;kpk gqÌk loZ fdYysnkjkr eksBk dsyk- --- * ;k eksfgesckcr ‘kdkoyhr vlk mYys[k ;srks dh] ^

--- ‘kgkcqn~nhu [kkukpk os<k ek:u dk<.;kr ekuflax eksjs o :ikth ;kauh gYyk dsyk vkgs- *

f’kokthjktkaP;k ^n[[ku n[[k.;kaph * gs jktdkj.kkps lw= laHkkthjktkauh iq<s pkyfoys nf{k.ksrhy

vkfny’kkgh ] dqrqc’kkgh o ejkB;kaph lRrk ; izeq[k lRrk gksR;k ;k frUgh lRRkk u‛V d:u loZ

nf{k.ksoj vkiyk vaey fuekZ.k dj.;kps /;s; vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgkleksj gksrs- R;kn`f‛Vus b-l- 1681 lkyh

rks nf{k.ksr mrjyk gksrk- R;keqGs ijLijkal lgdk;Z d:u ckn’kgk’kh y<.;kl ;k frfUg lRRkk fl)

>kY;k gksR;k- ckn’kgkus izFke ejkBk jkT;koj gYyk dsyk ] rsaOgk vkfny’kgk o dqrqc’kgk ;kapk ikBhack

laHkkthjktkauk feGkyk- ijarq rks m?kM uOgrk- b-l- 1685 lkyh tsaOgk fotkiwj ?ks.;kP;k bjkn;kus

ckn’kgkus vkiyh eksfge dk<yh o fotkiwjyk os<k fnyk rsaOgk laHkkthjktkauh vkfny’kgkl m?kM m?kM

enr dsyh- ijarq ckn’kgkus fotkiwj ftadwu ?ksrys- R;kuarj ckn’kgkus vkiys y{k dqrqc’kkghdMs

oGfoys- R;kosGhgh laHkkthjktkus dqrqc’kgkl lkgk¸; dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- rFkfi xksoGdksaM;kP;k

vusd ljnkjkauh jktnzksg dsY;keqGs b-l-1687 e/;s dqrqc’kkghpk ikMko >kyk- nf{k.ksP;k ;k frUgh

lRRkakuh ,d= ;sÅu mRrjsrwu nf{k.ksr ;s.kkÚ;k eks?ky lRrspk la;qDri.ks eqdkcyk djkok ] gs f’kokth

egkjktkaps /kksj.k gksrs- rsp /kksj.k laHkkth egkjktkauh pkyfoys- nf{k.ksrhy ;k nksu lRRkk eqLyhe lRrk

vlY;k rjh R;k nf{k.ksdMP;k gksR;k] R;kaps j{k.k dj.ks gh nf{k.;kaphp tckcnkjh vkgs- ;k Hkwfedsrwu

laHkkthjktkauh vkfny’kkgh o dqrqc’kkgh ;kauk enr dj.;kps /kksj.k voyafcys gksrs-

6-2- 6 laHkkthjktkapk fu?k`Z.k e`R;w %&b-l- 1689 P;k Qsczqokjh efgU;kr laHkkth jktkauk dfo

dy’kkP;k okM;kr dSn dsys R;kosGh eq?kykauh ejkB;kaph ns’kkojhy loZ Bk.kh dkcht dsyh gksrh-

ckxyk.kkrhy dkgh fdYys R;kauh rkC;kr ?ksrys gksrs- ijarq ckdhps ejkBkjkT; egkjktkaP;kp rkC;kr

gksrs- izkeq[;kus ejkBk jkT;kph lkeF;ZLFkys vlysys iUgkGk] fo’kkGxM] jkax.kk] olarxM] lkrkjk]

ijGh] jk;xM] jktxM] flagxM] jksfgMk] iqjanj bR;knh fdYys laHkkthP;k rkC;kr gksrs- R;kaP;k QkStk

LojkT;kr ?kql.kkÚ;k eksxyka’kh izk.ki.kkus izfrdkj djhr gksR;k rFkfi laHkkthjktkauk dSn gksÅu R;kauk

ckn’kgkus Bkj dsys- ;kckcrps o.kZu fpV.khl c[kjhr ;srs- R;kr] ^^laHkkthjkts /k:u vk.kys- rs le;h

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ikr’kgk cgqr [kq’kh gksÅu d`rd`R; >kys- ------ rs le;h HkhekiSyrhjh ikr’kgk gksrs- ---- R;kl laHkkth

gLrxr >kys- ikr’kgkuh ikgwu fopkj dsyk dh] ;kl ckVokok] eqlyeku d:u uarj eulcnkjh |koh

Eg.kts eqlyekuh >kyh- --- Eg.kwu fopkjko;kl ikBfoys dh] rqEgh ckVkos Eg.kts tho okpowu rqeph

nkSyr rqeps Lok/khu dfjrks- ;ko:u jkts ;kauh mRrj dsys dh] ckVk Eg.krk rjh gs xks‛V ?kMko;kph

ukgh T;k vFkhZ dSnsr vkyks rsaOgk okp.ks rs dk;\ rqeps fopkjkl ;sbZy rs djkos ] rFkkfi rqeph csVh

|koh Eg.kts ckVrks] ,sls mRrj lkaxwu ikBfoys- R;kto:u ikr’kgkl dksi vkyk] --lokZauh lYYkk fnyk

;kpk f’kjPNsn djkok --- ikr’kgkl cq)h gksÅu f’kjPNsn djko;kl lkafxrys- rsaOgk rRdkG vk.kwu

rqGkiqjkojh foHkouke laRlj ;kar ekfjys- --- ** laHkkthjktkaP;k ;k izlaxkckcr fudksyk; euqfp v’kh

ekfgrh nsrks dh] ^^ --- rsaOgk laHkkthyk vkiY;k nqnSZoh ‘ksoVkf’kok; vf/kd vk’kk dks.krh okV.kkj !

R;kyk dGwu pqdys dh] vkrk vki.k dsysY;k loZ dk;kZcn~ny e`R;w gk Bsoysykp vkgs- ijarq gk e`R;w

vR;ar migklkus dsyk tkbZy v’kh R;kph dYiuk uOgrh- vkSjaxtsckus R;kyk maVkoj ?kV~V cka/k.;kl

lkafxrys R;kP;k Mksdhoj ?kqaxqj vxj ?kaVk ykoysyh map Vksih ?kryh --- R;kuarj R;kyk Nko.khr

fgaMfo.;kl lkafxrys- maVkll iGko;kl ykohr] Eg.kts ?kqaxqjukn ,sdwu yksd ckgsj ikg.;kl ;sr- R;k

maVkl brdk iGfor dh R;keqGs cl.kkjk ek.kwl iMykp vlrk- ijarq R;kyk ?kV~V cka/kyk vlY;keqGs

rks iMyk ukgh- ijarq nksj ?kV~V vkoGY;kus R;kl osnuk gksr] R;keqGs rks +=klyk ek= gksrk- loZ=

fgaMfoY;kuarj R;k tqyeh jktkyk ikr’kgkleksj iqUgk vk.kys- --- ;kuarj ek= ejkB;kapk /khj [kpyk-

loZ= fujk’kk iljyh vkf.k ejkB;kauh vkiyh Bk.kh o fdYys HkjkHkj eksxykauk nsÅu Vkdys-

laHkkthjktkaP;k e`R;wuarj vo?;k lgk & lkr efgU;kr LojkT;krhy ‘ksdMks Bk.kh o fdYys

ejkB;kadMwu eks?kykauh ftadwu ?ksrys--------

laHkkthjktkauh jkT;dkjHkkjkph lw=s gkrh ?ks.;kiwohZ o rnuarjgh ejkBk jkT;kP;k n`‛Vhus egRoiw.kZ

dkefxjh dsyh gksrh- R;kaP;k dkefxjhpk vH;kl djrkuk iq<hy eqn~ns egRokps Bjrkr- laHkkthjktkauh

vkØed] xrheku o /kkM’kh eksfgek gkrh ?ksrY;k] izHkkoh ] dk;Z{ke o f’kLrc) jkT;dkjHkkj dsyk-

iztkfgrn{k jktk] egkjk.kh ;slwckbZ ;kaP;k gkrh eqydh dkjHkkj] /keZ ‘kq)hps dk;Z d:u laHkkthjktkauh

LojkT; o Lo/keZ jk[khys- ;kckcrps mYys[k fujfujkG;k lk/kukaukrwu vk<Gwu ;srkr-

6-3 laHkkthjkts vkf.k ijdh; lRrk la?k‛kZ % &baxzt ] iksrqZfxt o fl|h HkkjrkP;k if’pe lkxjh

fdukÚ;kojhy lkxjh lRrkapk ejkB;kaP;k jkT;k’kh laca/k ;sr gksrk- f’kokthjktkauh tkoGhP;k eksÚ;kapk

ijkHko dsY;kuarj R;kaP;k jkT;kph lhek ok<wu rh lkxjkyk fHkMyh R;keqGs ejkB;kapk lkxjh lRRka’kh

laca/k vkyk- f’kokthjktkauh vkjekjkph LFkkiuk d:u R;kph ok< dsY;keqGs leqnz fdukjh vlysY;k

fl|h ] iksrqZfxt o baxzt ;k lRrka’kh f’kokthjktkapk laca/k vkyk- ;kiSdh iksrqZfxt o baxzt ;k ijdh;

lRRkk gksR;k rj jktkiwj o taftÚ;koj lRRkk xktfo.kkjk fl|h gk d/kh futkekP;k d/kh vkfny’kkgkP;k

rj d/kh eq?kykaP;k vf/kiR;k[kkyh gksrk- izns’k ;k ns’kh lRrkapk vlyk rjh R;koj opZLo ek= gc’kkaps

Eg.ktsp nf{k.k vkfÝdsrwu vkysY;k gc’kkaps gksrs- ;k lkxjh lRrk ejkB;kaP;k opZLokyk ‘kg nsr gksR;k

rlsp ejkB;kaP;k izns’kkrhy iztspk fujfujkG;k dkj.kkalkBh NG djhr gksR;k R;keqGs N=irh

f’kokthjkts o N- laHkkthjkts ;kaps ;k lRRkka’kh laca/k ;s.ks vifjgk;Z gksrs- ;k lRRkkackcr N=irh

laHkkthjkts ;kauh dks.krh Hkwfedk ?ksryh ;kckcrph ekfgrh ikg.ks vko’;d Bjrs-

6-3-1 N=irh laHkkth vkf.k iksrqZxht laca/k %&f’kokthjktkaP;k e`R;wuarj fganoh LojkT;kps laj{k.k dj.ks

egRokps gksrs- R;klkBh laHkkthjktkauh ckº; ‘k=wa’kh eS=hps /kksj.k vk[kys- R;klkBh vkiyk odhy

125

iksrqZfxtka’kh eS=hpk djkj dj.;klkBh ikBfoyk- vatfno csVkoj fdYyk cka/k.;kP;k izdj.kko:u

laHkkthjkts vkf.k iksrqZfxt ;kaP;kr la?k‛kZ lq: >kyk- ;k la/khpk Qk;nk ?ksÅu eq?kykauh iksrqZfxtka’kh

la/kku cka/kys vkf.k laHkkthfo:) vkØed /kksj.k fLodkjys- laHkkthjktkaP;k vkns’kkuqlkj fuGks eksjs’oj

;kauh iksrqZfxtkaP;k izns’kkoj gYys d:u psacwj] rGkstk] dksGos] ekfge] lksikjk gh fBdk.ks o dkgh

fdYys ftadys- iksrqZfxtkaP;k fofo/k ‘kgjkapk rkck feGfo.;kr] tkGiksG o yqVkyqV dj.;kr ejkBh

ljnkj ;’kLoh >kys- ijarq pkSypk fdYYkk ek= R;kauk ftadrk vkyk ukgh- iksrqZfxt ejkBk laca/kkrhy

,d egRokph ?kVuk Eg.kts QksaM;kpk la?k‛kZ gks;- iksrqZfxtkaP;k rkC;krhy pkSy canjktoGhy pkSy

fdYY;kl ejkB;kuh os<k ?kkryk- ejkB;kauh ;k fdYY;kl lgk efgus os<k ?kkrY;kus gk os<k f<yk

dj.;klkBh iksrqZfxtkauh ejkB;kaP;k rkC;krhy QksaMk fdYY;koj gYyk dsyk- 1 uksOgsacj 1683 jksth

iksrqZfxtkauh QksaM;kP;k fdYY;koj rksQkapk ekjk dsyk- rsaOgk laHkkthjktkauh jktkiwjgwu QksaM;koj gYyk

dsyk o fdYyk rkC;kr ?ksryk- laHkkthjktkaP;k lSU;kP;k nqlÚ;k rqdMhus tqos csVkoj Lokjh dsyh o

tqos csV rkC;kr ?ksrys- b-l- 1683 e/;s ejkB;kauh iksrqZfxtkaP;k cknsZ’k o lk‛Vh ;k Bk.;kaoj

gYys dsys- R;kuarj laHkkthjktkauh iksrZqfxtkaph jkt/kkuh xksO;koj Lokjh dsyh ijarq ;kp osGh eq?ky

QkStkauh LojkT;kr /kqekdwG ?kkrY;kus laHkkthjktkauh iksrqZfxtka’kh rg d:u ek?kkj ?ksryh- Qscqzokjh 1684

e/;s ejkBs & iksrqZfxt rg >kyk- R;krhy vVh iq<hy izek.ks gksR;k - 1 & laHkkthjktkauh iksrqZfxtkaps

ftadysys izns’k o fdYys iksrqZfxtkauk ijr |kosr- 2 & laHkkth jktkauk ne.kP;k pkSFkkbZpk gDd

feGkok- 3 & ijLijkauh ijLijkaP;k izns’kkr dkgh fu;ekuqlkj O;kikj djkok 4 & ,desdkauh

,desdkaph idMysyh tgkts o ;q) dSnh ijLijkauk ijr djkosr- ;k djkjkpk elqnk ?ksÅu iksrqZfxt

ofdy jk;xMkoj vkyk gksrks- ijarq ;k vVhaf’kok; laHkkthjktkauh dkgh uohu vVh iq<s dsY;kus gk rg

izR;{kkr ;sÅ ‘kdyk ukgh- R;keqGs laHkkth vkf.k iksrqZfxt laca/k iqUgk fc?kMys-

6-3-2 N=irh laHkkthjkts vkf.k baxzt laca/k%&

f’kokth jktkauh baxztkackcr Lohdkjysys eS=hps /kksj.k laHkkthjktkauh iq<s pkyw Bsoys- f’kokthjktkauh

vkiY;k dkjfdnhZr baxztkaps O;kikjh o vkfFkZd {ks=krhy egRo y{kkr ?ksÅu vkiY;k jktdh;

/ks¸;/kksj.kkr baxztka’kh eS=hps /kksj.k Lohdkjys gksrs- rsp /kksj.k laHkkthjktkauh baxztkackcr Lohdkjys vlkos]

vls rRdkyhu lk/kukarhy mYys[kko:u vk<Grs- ;kckcr ok- lh- cszanzs fyfgrkr dh] ^ laHkkthjktkl

baxztka’kh l[; ikfgts gksrs ijarq rks R;kaP;k nqVIih dkjHkkjkl R;kapk fojks/k gksrk- baxzt &

iksrqZfxtkalkj[ks /kkfeZd ckcrhr dV~Vj o`Rrhps uOgrs rlsp baxztkaph o[kkj eks?kyh gÌhr vlY;kus

R;kauk eks?kykafo:) vkxGhd gksÅ u ns.;kph dkGth ?;koh ykxs- R;keqGs eks?kyh vkjekjkpk o

fl|hapk fganoh jkT;kl vfr’k;=kl gksr vls- laHkkthjktkauh gs minzo Fkkacfo.;klkBh baxztkl let

ns.;kl lq:okr dsyh-*

ejkBs vkf.k fl|h ;kaP;k laca/kkr izkeq[;kus iksrqZfxt o baxztkalkj[;k ijdh; lRrkapk lkrR;kus gLr{ksi

gksr vls- dkj.k eqacbZdj baxztkaps ejkBs o fl|hfo‛k;d fdaok ,rn~ns’kh; lRrkafo‛k;d /kksj.kkoj lqjrsP;k

baxztkapk izHkko gksrk- lqjr gs fBdk.k eq?kykaP;k rkC;kr vlY;kus lkrR;kus ejkB;ka’kh laca/k Bsorkuk

R;kauk eq?kykaP;k fgrlaca/kkuk ck/kk ;s.kkj ukgh ;kph dkGth ?;koh ykxr vls ] rj eqacbZP;k baxztkauk

ek= R;keqGs fl|h’kh oSj ?ks.ks ‘kD; uOgrs- R;kpk ifj.kke ejkBs vkf.k fl|h ;kaP;krhy laca/kkoj gksr

vls- ,dk cktwyk baxztkauk laHkkthjktkaP;k vkØed /kksj.kkph fHkrh okVr gksrh- baxzztkauh fl|hauk enr

dsyh rj laHkkthjktkauh jktkiwjP;k o[kkjhtoG ejkBh QkSt ikBowu vkoth iafMr ;k odhykP;k

126

ekQZr baxztkauk /kedkoys- dh] baxzt fl|hl nsr vlysyh enr can dj.kkj ulrhy rj laHkkth egkjkt

eqacbZdjkaoj Lokjh djrhy] vls lkaxwu R;kauh jktkiwjph o[kkj yqVyh o eqacbZ toGph dqykck] dkjatk]

lksikjk ] ,fyQaVk gh Bk.kh ftadY;kus eqacbZdj baxztkauk ejkB;kaph fHkrh okVw ykxyh- b-l- 1684

e/;s baxzt ejkBs ;kaP;kr eS=hpk djkj ?kMwu vkyk- ;k rgkrhy izeq[k vVh iq<hyizek.ks gksR;k- R;kr ]

1& baxztkauh o[kkjhph LFkkiuk djrkuk iwoZ ijokuxh ?;koh- 2&baxztkauk ejkBk jkT;krhy dks.kR;kgh

O;fDryk xqyke dj.;klkBh fdaok f[kz’pu dj.;klkBh fodr ?ksrk ;s.kkj ukgh- eq?ky & ejkBk ;q)kr

baxzt vkf.k ejkBs ;kaph tgkts ijLijkaP;k rkC;kr vkY;kl R;kojhy eky o th tgkts ijLijkauk ijr

djkohr- 4 & baxzt ejkB;kauk vk;kr ekykoj vMhp VDds tdkr nsrhy o fu;kZr ekykoj R;kauk

tdkr jkg.kkj ukgh- ;k rgkeqGs baxzt & ejkBs laca/k etcwr >kys] dkj.k ;kp osGh eksxykauh baxztkauk

lqjr ] gqcGh] ePNyhiV~V.k ;sFkhy o[kkjh tIr dj.;kph /kedh fnyh gksrh- R;keqGs baxztkauk

ejkB;ka’kh eS=h dj.ks vifjgk;Z Bjys gksrs- laHkkthjktkaP;k e`R;wi;Zar baxzt vkf.k ejkBs ;kaP;krhy laca/k

eS=hiw.kZ jkfgys gksrs-

6- 3-3 N=ifr laHkkth vkf.k fl|h laca/k %&

fl|h gk ejkB;kapk dV~Vj ‘k=w gksrk- baxzt vkf.k iksrqZfxt ;kaP;k enrhus rks ejkBh izns’kkl lkrR;kus

minzo nsr gksrk- f’kokthjktkaP;k e`R;wuarj laHkkthjktkaP;k dkGkr gs laca/k lkrR;kus la?k‛kkZpsp jkfgys-

gk izns’k fujfujkG;k dky[kaMkr fujfujkG;k lRrkaP;k ¼futke’kkgh] vkfny’kkgh] eq?ky ½ rkC;kr gksrk-

ijarq fl|h ek= izcG cuwu Lora= o`Rrhus lkxjkoj jkT; djhr gksrk - ejkB;kaps vkfny’kkgh o eq?ky

;k lRrka’kh la?k‛kkZps laca/k vlY;kus R;kapk fl|ha’kh lkrR;kus la?k‛kZ gksr vls- rks ejkB;kaP;k jkT;kr

iztsyk =kl nsr vls- R;kP;k jkT;kr vlysY;k izns’kkapk ¼ taftjk] eq:M] ukanxko] Jho/kZu] EgSlkys]

bR;knh egkykapk lekos’k gksrk-½ laca/k ejkBk jkT;k’kh tksMyk tkr vlY;kus R;ko:u lkrR;kus la?k‛kZ

gksr vls- lkxjkojhy brj lRrkais{kk fl|haps vkjekj gs vf/kd lkeF;Zoku gksrs- laHkkthjktkaP;k

dkGkr izkeq[;kus vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgk nf{k.ksr vkY;kuarj R;kus fl|hauk ejkB;kafo:) dkjok;k dj.;kl

izksRlkgu fnys- R;kuqlkj R;kauh egkjktkaP;k izns’kkr dqjkirh dk<.;kl lq:okr dsyh- R;keqGs

laHkkthjktkauk R;kapk cnkscLr dj.;kps /kksj.k fLodkjkos ykxys- R;krwu ejkBs vkf.k fl|h ;kaP;krhy

la?k‛kZ lq: >kyk-

lHkkthjktkapk mansjh csVkoj gYyk %& lIVsacj 1681 lkyh fl|hauh mansjh ;sFks jkgwu ejkB;kaP;k

izns’kkr ywVkywV dj.;kl lq:okr dsyh- Eg.kwu laHkkthjktkauh b-l- 1681 e/;s mansjh csVkoj ckohl

xycrs o rhu gtkj ukSnyklg gYyk dsyk- ;k y<;kr baxztkauh fl|hyk enr dsY;kus laHkkthjktkauk

ek?kkj ?;koh ykxyh- fl|hapk cankscLr dj.;klkBh laHkkthjktkauh R;kaps eeZLFkku o jkt/kkuh vlysY;k

taftÚ;koj gYyk dj.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk- fMlsacj 1681 e/;s laHkkthjktkus vdcjkl cjkscj ?ksÅu

taftÚ;kl os<k fnyk- ejkB;kauh ia/kjk fnol fudjkus os<k pkyfoyk iajrq leqnz [koGysyk vlY;kus

rlsp eq?ky lsukuh gluvyh [kku ;kus dY;k.k & fHkoaMhoj gYyk p<foY;keqGs laHkkthjktkauh

taftÚ;kP;k eksfgesph tckcnkjh nknksth o folkth j?kqukFk ;kaP;koj lksiowu rks dY;k.kdMs xsyk-

vkWxLV 1682 e/;s fla|hauh iqUgk mpy [kkYyh ejkB;kaps dkgh izns’k fl|hauh ftadwu ?ksrys- iq<s

ejkB;kauh fl|hauk tSrkiqjP;k [kkMhr vMp.khr vk.kys gksrs- ijarq eq?kyh QkStkauh ejkB;kaP;k izns’kkr

iqUgk /kqekdwG lq: dsyk- R;keqGs laHkkthjktkauk gh eksfge iqUgk v/kZoV lksMkoh ykxyh- laHkkth vkf.k

fl|h ;kaP;kr vusd ;q)s >kyh i.k fl|hapk dk;epk cankscLr dj.ks ejkB;kauk ‘kD; >kys ukgh-

127

6-4 laHkkthjktkaP;k dkefxjhps ewY;ekiu %&

6-4-1 vkØed o xrheku eksfgek%& jktinkoj fojkteku gksrkp laHkkthjktkauh vkØed o xrheku

eksfgek gkrh ?ksrY;k- ;kckcr izfrfu/kh c[kjhr vlk mYys[k ;srks dh] ^ laHkkthpk lsukirh gachjjko

dksd.kkr y‛djklg gksrk R;kl orZeku dGys dh [kkuns’kkr dks.kh j{kd ukgh- R;ko:u R;kus

y‛djkP;k rhu eksB;k rqdM;k d:u cÚgk.kiwj ‘kgj ywVys- nzO; feGfoys- ---* ejkB;kauh cÚgk.kiwj

yqVys ;kps o.kZu djrkuk [kkQh[kku fyfgrks dh] ^--- mijh mYysf[kr nq‛V o`RrhP;kk laHkkus pkj gtkj

Lokjkfu’kh ;sÅu cÚgk.kiwj ‘kgjkoj gYYkk p<foyk- dkdM[kku nqxk.k rsFkhy eulcnkj gksrk- rks ]

[kku teku rsFkhy lqHksnkj gksrk- R;kus ¼laHkkus½* oÚgkMpk lqHkk yqVyk o cÚgk.kiwjoj vkyk- rsFkhy

cgknwj iqqjk gk lokZr Jhear ] /kuoku o nkV oLrhpk gksrk- ---‘k=qus loZ iqÚ;kaph rhu fnol ywV

dsyh- --- * cÚgkj.kiwj yqVhckcrph rsFkhy yksdkaph dk; izfrfØ;k gksrh ;kckcr ok- lh- csansz vls

fyfgrkr dh] ^ cÚgk.kiwjP;k vfej ekSyohauh ckn’kgkl egtj ikBfoyk dh] dkQjkaps vkepsoj izkcY;

ok<ys vkgs- --- vkeph loZ ?kjsnkjs m/oLr dsyh vkgsr- vkEgh ;kiq<s ‘kqØokjph uekt i<.ks lksMwu

|kos- gk egtj ckn’kgkP;k gkrh iMyk- rsaOgk R;kyk Qkj jkx vkyk- R;kus QekZu ikBfoys ] R;kr

ckn’kgk Lor%p xf.kekapk eksM dj.;kl ;sr vkgs- vls lqpfoys gksrs- [kkutgkuoj ethZ [kIik gksÅu

R;kl fnysyh loZ eulc oxSjs cMrQZ dsyh-* ’kdkoyhrhy uksanhuqlkj ] ^ uoacj & fnlsacj 1680 r

cÚgk.kiwj gachjjk; ;kus ekjfjyk * /kj.kxkops baxzt 11 Qscqzokjh 1681 yk fyfgrkr] ^ laHkkthP;k

lSU;kus /kj.kxko yqVys o o[kkjhps cjsp uqdlku >kys-* eq?kykalkj[;k lkeF;Zoku lRrsyk tsjhl

vk.kys-

6-4-2 izHkkoh o f’kLrc) jkT;dkjHkkj %&lHkkthjktkauh vkiY;k gkrh lRrk ?ksrY;kuarj izHkkoh ]

dk;Z{ke o f’kLrc) jkT;dkjHkkj pkyowu lokZaojp tjc clfoyh gksrh- vkiY;k vf/kdkÚ;kauh j;rsps

‘kks‛k.k d: u;s ] j;rsoj tqyqe d: u;s ;kckcr dBksj /kksj.k jkcfoys gksrs- izlaxh vf/kdkÚ;kaph

orus tIr dj.;klkj[;k dkjok;k fdaok R;akuk tjc clsy v’kk izdkjP;k f’k{kkgh dj.;kckcr rach

fnsyh tkr vls- ;k ckcr vls mYys[k ;srkr dh] ^ f’kokthjktkauh dqMkG & dukZVdkpk izkar b- l-

1674 & 76 r ?ksrY;kiklwu nRrkth o v..kkthapk dkjHkkj ;sFks gksrk- R;kauh eqy[kkph lap.kh

dj.;kis{kk ywV tcjnLrhp vf/kd dsyh- --- frFks vank/kqanh ektyh gksrh- --- rsFkhy lqHks o nslkbZ

yksdkauk yqVhr gksrs-* rlsp] izkarkizkarkaP;k lqHksnkj oxSjs vf/kdkÚ;kaP;k nqoZrZukyk jk;xMkgwu rkcMrksc

ik;can clr vls- vkilkr ywV twywe tcjnLrh tkGiksG oxSjs dsY;kcn~ny flrksth o lVoksth

Hkkslys dlcs elwj ;kl 31 tkusokjh 1685 pk fuokMk d:u let fnyh gksrh- ;k fuokMk i=kkoj

fuGks eksjs’oj] izYgkn fujkth] gachjjko ] dfody’k ;kaps lgh f’kDds vkgsr- R;krhy mtkjk %

,dw.k dyes lkr- ,sfl;kl vkgyh vkdl o dksfll fnlksu vkyh Eg.kts Lokeh rqepk eqykfgtk

dj.kkj ukghr- ,sls cjs letwu mijfuLV fyfgY;kizek.ks pkSdl eukl vkuksu gqtqj Lokehps lsoslh

fyfg.ks Eg.kksu ns’kkf/kdkjh o ikjiR;xkj --- ;klh --- vkKk --- vlk mYys[k ok-lh- csanzs] ;kaP;k N=ifr

laHkkth egkjkt ;k xzaFkkr ;srks-

6-4-3 iztk fgrn{k jktk %&laHkkthjkts vkiY;k jkT;kr lsok dj.kkÚ;k lsodkaP;k xq.kkaph dnj djhr

vlr- lsodkP;k ikBhekxs R;kaP;k dqVqafc;kaph dkGth ?ksr vlr ] R;kaP;k iqoZlukps dke egkjkt

djhr vlr- ;kckcr ok- lh- csanzs vls fyfgrkr dh] ^ pkaxys dke dj.kkÚ;kauk izksRlkgu] y<kbZr

dkeh vkysY;kP;k dqVqafc;kaph ;ksX; n[ky o O;oLFkk ykohr vlr] ‘k=qP;k ijpØkr T;kaps uqdlku

128

>kys] ts foLFkfir >kys v’kkaps iquoZlu djhr] uqdlku HkjikbZ nsr vlr- fnyklk o enr nsr- rlsp

nq‛dkG ] jksxjkbZ ;klkj[;k uSlfxZd ladVkr iztsph dkGth laHkkthjkts ?ksr vlr vlY;kps vusd

mYys[k rRdkyhu dkxni=karwu ;srkr- * laHkkthjktkaP;k 23 twu 1685 P;k osru i=kr vlk

mYys[k ;srks dh] ^ --- e’kkjfuYgspk cki —‛.kkth fcu ;slkth dad ;kl g’kekaph gtkjh gksrh-

R;kojh --- jktJh Lokeh jktkiwjhgwu Lokj gksÅu QksafM;kl xsys- rs o[rh [kkMhojh xuheklh xkBh

?kkywu tqat cgqrp dsys- rs o[rh t[kek ykxksu tjrqj tkyk Eg.kksu ?kjh tko;kl vkKk fnYgh- ?kjkl

vkfy;kojh t[kek QqVksu e;r tkyk- R;kpk ysd ekfuys] R;kps uko d`‛.kkthp Bsfoys vkgs- rhu

ojlkpk ewy vkgs- R;kpk ukos lqHkk pkyokok vkf.k yksdkapk tekokl pkgwath dad vkgs- R;kl

dkjHkkjh d:u Bsokok- Eg.kwu ;slkth dad ;kf.k fouarh dsyh- R;ko:u Lokeh d`ikyw gksÅu

d`‛.kkth dad ;kP;k ysdkl lqHkk fnYgk --- pkgwath dad --- ;kl dkjHkkj pkyoko;kl fnYgk- osru

nks?kkl feyksu djkj dsys- ---* eksxyh ijpØkeqGs fuokZlhr >kysY;kaps iquoZlu dj.;kps dke egkjkt

dsys- b-l- 1684 r lqyrku rkjk ;kus uoyxaqn ;sFkhy okMs ] isB oxSjs tkGwu nsoky;s ikMyh o ewrhZ

QksMY;k --- rsFks nsokph iwuLFkkZiuk d:u iwtk o iqjk.k Jo.kkFkZ 36 fc?ks tfeu ’ksr R;kl fnYgs- ---*

vlk mYys[k 22 vkWxLV 1685 jksth egkjktkauh uoyxqanP;k czkã.kkl fnysY;k lunsr ;srks- N=irh

laHkkthjktkaP;k dkjfdnhZr ‘k=qP;k ijpØkcjkscjp nq‛dkG] jksxjkbZ ;kapkgh milxZ >kyk gksrk- 1684 rs

1689 ;k dkGkr nf{k.k fganqLFkkukr iMysY;k nq‛dkGkps] vUukP;k nqfHkZ{krsp ] R;kr ej.kkÚ;k yksdkaps]

fujfujkGs jksx vkf.k R;kps Lo:i] R;kr ej.kkjh ek.kls ;kaps mYys[k vk<Grkr- R;kr ] ^ b-l-

1684 r if’pe fdukÚ;koj nq‛dkG Hkklyk- olkZO;kgwu lqjryk fyfgysY;k 19 ekpZ 1684 P;k

i=kkr vlk mYys[k ;srks dh] ^ fujfujkG;k fBdk.kkgwu O;kikÚ;kP;k >qaMh vkiY;k Hkkxkr ;sr vkgsr-

R;keqGs rkanqGkph Qkj p.kp.k Hkklr vkgs- HkkrkP;k ,dk eq<;kyk ¼rqlklghr rkanqGkyk½ 40 pkGhl

is{kk vf/kd lsjkQh iMrkr- --- xqtjkFkdMhy ckcreh dh] frdMs nq‛dkGkph fHkrh ok<r vkgs-

dkjokjdj 6 uksOgsacjyk fyfgrkr] vkacksyh o olbZ --- lkFkhph vkiRrh tksjkr vkgs- --- vUukfouk

jLR;kr fdrhrjh yksd e:u iMr vkgs- --- lqjrdj 26 tkusokjh 1686 yk yaMuyk dGforkr ] ---

;k Hkkxkr ;k o‛khZ gokeku vxnh fofp= vkgs o vo‛kZ.kgh >kys R;keqGs loZ izdkjph /kkU;lkeqxzh Qkj

nqfeZG o egkx >kyh vkgs- gokgh jksxV vkgs- vkSjaxkckn rs ;k cktwi;Zar Iysxph lkFk Qkj tksjkr

vlwu frus yk[ks yksdkapk cGh ?ksryk vkgs- --- R;kr nsohph lkFkgh tksjkoyh vkgs- vkf.k v’kk rÚgsus

vla[; iq:‛k ck;dk e`R;weq[kh iMr vkgsr- --- eqacbZdj baxzt 30 uoacj 1687 yk fyfgrkr] ---

tjh bZ’ojkus ;ko‛khZ ikÅl fnyk vkgs rjh isj.kh o yko.kh dj.;kl ek.klkapk rqVoMk vlY;kus

;ko‛khZfg nq‛dkG Hkklsy vls okVrs --- * ejkBh eqy[kkrhy nq‛dkGkckcrfg vusd mYys[k dkxni=karwu

;srkr- cksjxko lkrkjk ftYgk ;sFkhy vukth fcu gjth o tkuksth fcu rqdksth o dkuksth fcu nsoth

iVsy /kukth tk/kokauk 19 es 1687 P;k i=kr fyfgrkr] ^ --- lky etdqjh eqydkr nqdkG ifMyk -

,sfl;klh vki.kkl ,dk fnolkps [kko;kl ukgh Eg.kowu vkEgh rqEgkiklh ;sÅu vkiys vkRelarksls

vkiys [kklk rdlhes iSdh rdlhe ?ksÅu okpfoys ikfgts ---* fpapoMps eksdkne 13 tkusokjh 1689

P;k i=kkr ] ^ --- larkthjke xqtj] jkepanz ckckth ns’kikaMs ijx.ks iq.ks ;kauh nqdkGs j;rspk gky goky

tkfgj dsyk] --- nqdkG ifMyk ;k dfjrk j;r dqy esyh- dkgh ijkxank >kyh- fejklnkj dqG dks.kh

ukgh --- manjkauh lsrs [kknyh o yLdj ik;eYyhus j;rkpk gky jkfgyk ukgh --- * 30 tqyS 1687

jksth lqis ijx.;krhy ekGf’kjl ;sFkhy xksikth fcu jkxksth ;kno ;kl o`fRri= fygwu fnys- R;kr] ^

dkG Fkksj ifMyk- ;kdfjrk xko [kjkc tkyk- yksd fdrsd lqtksu esys- fdrsdkaph ?kjs cqMkyh- vkiyk

ysd jketh o ckbZyfg ejksu xsyh- vki.k o vkiyh lwu nks?ks mjyks- vUu feGsuk- gkrik; lqtys-

129

dks.kh gkrh /kjhuk- ex vki.kklh lunk o orukps dkxn gksrs- --- fejklh gdykftek vkgs rks rqEgkl

fn/kyk vls- vki.k okpyks rjh tkojh okpsu rksojh vUuoL= ns.ks o esfy;kojh eqBekrh ns.ks - *

bR;knhlkj[ks mYys[k ;srkr- mijksDr ekfgrh ns.;kekxs ,dp mn~ns’k vkgs dh] N=irh laHkkthjktkaP;k

dkGkr ejkBk jkT;koj vkSjaxtackP;k :ikus lqyrkuh ladV vkys gksrs- rj nq‛dkG] jksxjkbZ bR;knhlkj[kh

vLekuh ladVsfg ejkBk jkT;koj vkysyh gksrh- v’kk ifjfLFkrhoj ekr d:u vkiyk /keZ] vkiys jkT;

o vkiyh iztk ;kapk lkaHkkG dj.;kps dk;Z laHkkthjktkauh dsyss- vkiY;k vf/kdkÚ;kauh ;k ladVkyk

dls lkeksjs tkos \ dks.kR;k mik;;kstuk djkO;kr] ;kckcrps mYys[k ;srkr- 16 uoacj o fnlsacj

1686 P;k ukasnhr vlk mYys[k ;srks dh] ^ loZ lqHks oxSjs /kkU; feGfo.;kpk lkj[kk iz;Ru dfjr

vkgsr- vki.kkl okijklkBh v/ksZ /kkU; feGrs o loZ /kkU;kP;k vk;kr fu;kZrhojhy tdkrhph lwV fnyh

vkgs- ---* enzkldj 19 fnlsacj 1687 yk fyfgrkr ] ^ --- v|kih ;q) o nq‛dkG ;kP;k vkifRrrwu

lqVyks ukghr- --- loZ O;kikj eankoyk vlwu /kksD;kr vkyk vkgs- --- ;k loZ vkiRrhr

laHkkthjktkauh iwohZp eksBeksB;k xMkoj lkBs d:u BsoY;kus o eksxyh xksV o dfcys yqVY;kus vkiys

lSU; pkaxY;k fLFkrhr Bsfoys gksrs- gsfg y{kkr ?ks.;klkj[ks vkgs- --- *

6-4- 4 egkjk.kh ;slwckbZ ;kaP;k gkrh eqydh dkjHkkj %&laHkkthjktkauh T;k ifjfLFkrhr jkT;dkjHkkj

gkrh ?ksryk rh ifjfLFkrh vfr’k; fcdV gksrh- R;k ifjfLFkrhoj ekr dj.;klkBh laHkkthjktkauh y‛djh

eksfgekaph tckcnkjh Lor%oj ?ksryh vkf.k eqydh dkjHkkjkph tckcnkjh jk.kh ;slwckbZ ;kaP;koj

lksifoyh- gh ckc laHkkthjktkaP;k dkjdhnhZps oSf’k‛V; ekukos ykxsy- loZ izdkjph jkti=s o t:j rs

gqdwe dk<.;kph ijokufx ;slwckbZl fnyh gksrh- gs gqdwe tjh laHkkthjktkaP;k ukokus fu?kr vlys rjh]

R;kr ^vkKk* ;k ‘kCnk,soth ^jktkKk * v’kh ‘kCn;kstuk gksr vls- laHkkthjktkaP;k [kkl i=koj ek=

^vkKk* vlsp fyfgys tkbZ- egkjk.kh ;slwckbZapk Lor%pk f’kDdk vls- rks vlk ] ^Jhl[kh jkKh

t;rh* vls- iq<s ;slwckbZ vkSjaxtsckP;k dSnsr vlrkuk ‘kkgwl lIrgtkjh eksdklk ckn’kgkus fnyk gksrk-

‘kkgw ygku vlY;keqGs R;kP;korhus ;slwckbZ dkjHkkj igkr vls- R;klkBh frus ] ^;slwckbZ okfynk b

lkgwjktk* gk if’kZ;u fyihrhy f’kDdk okijyk gksrk- laHkkth jkts o ;slwckbZ ;kauh izlaxijRos

f’kokthjktkaP;k jkT;O;oLFksr dsysyk eksBk cny gksrk vls EgVY;kl okoxs Bj.kkj ukgh-

6-4-5 /keZ‘kq)hps dk;Z %&laHkkth jktkauh /kekZarjhrkal fganw/kekZr ?ksÅu /keZ ‘kq)hps dk;Z dsys- vkiY;k

jkT;krhy T;kauh fujfujkG;k dkj.kkaeqGs /kekZarj dsys vlsy v’kk yksdkauk laHkkthjktkus iqUgk fganw

/kekZr ?ksrys- ;kckcr rRdkyhu dkxni=karwu mYys[k ;srkr- 16 ekpZ 1686 lkyP;k ,dk i=kr vlk

mYys[k ;srks dh] ^ xaxk/kj ukxukFk ¼jaxukFk ½ dqyd.khZ dlcs gjlwy ] gk czkã.k eksxyh lsosr gksrk- --

- var%dj.kh vuqrki ekuwu] vkiys tkrhr ;kos ;kLro jktJh N=irh Lokehik’kh xMkoj ;sÅu jkfgyk-

--- R;kmijh vkEgh jktJh NankssxkekR; ;kaps lHkslh leLr fo}}Sfnd czkã.kkaps laerhus xaxk/kj jaxukFk

¼ukxukFk½ ;klh izk;f’PkRr ladYi lkaxksu Jh ;k=sl ikBfoys --- czkã.k Hkkstu d:u iaDrhl ?ksryk- --

-* jkT;krhy xqykekaP;k [kjsnhyk vkGk ?kky.;klkBh mik; ;kstuk dsY;k- LojkT;krhy yksdkal

dkjokj cktwyk xqyke Eg.kwu nksu rhu ixksM;kyk baxzt o brj ;qjksih; fodr ?ksr vlr-

f’kokthjktkauh R;koj dj clfoyk gksrk- laHkkthjktkauh rks dj tcjnLr ok<owu ;k O;ogkjkl ik;can

?kky.;klkBh iz;Ru dsys- ;kckcr dkjokjdjkaP;k 5 twu 1685 P;k i=kr vlk mYys[k ;srks dh]

^?kkVkoj izR;sdh 2&3 ixksMs nsÅu xqyke fodr ?ks.ks ‘kD; vkgs- ijarq ?kkVkoj fodr ?ksrysys o fodr

?ksÅu vk.kysy;k izR;sd xqykekekxs f’kokthjktkaP;k veykiklwu tdkr |koh ykxrs- gh njMksbZ tdkr

130

vkrk nj ek.klh ckjk ixksMs clfoyh vkgs- f’kok; v’kh [kjsnh lgtklgth gksÅ nsr ukghr- f’kok;

xqykekaP;k O;kikjkcn~nygh vVhrVh yknY;k tkrkr-*

6-4- 6 laHkkthjktkauh LojkT; o Lo/keZ jk[khys %&LojkT; j{k.kklkBh laHkkthjktkauh dsysys dk;Z gs

vR;ar eksykps gksrs- b- l- 1680 rs 1689 lkyki;Zar lrr uÅ o‛ksZ R;kauh eksxyh lRrs’kh y<k

fnyk- eq?kykaph vtJ QkSt] lHkksorkyP;k lRrkaph dVdkjLFkkus] ejkBk jkT;krhy orunkj ] ljnkj

;kaph QanfQrqjh] ;k loZ izfrdwy ifjfLFkrhoj ekr d:u laHkkthjktkauh eq?kyka’kh fudjkus y<k nsÅu

ejkBk jkT; jf{k.;kps iz;Ru dsys- eq?kyka’kh y<rkuk laHkkthjktkauh LojkT; j{k.k o Lo/keZ j{k.k gh

nksu /;s;s vkiY;k utjsleksj Bsoyh gksrh- ;kckcr laHkkthjktkauh b-l- 1682 lkyh jkeflaxkyk

ikBfoysY;k i=kr vlk mYys[k ;srks dh] ^ vkEgh {kf=; vkgksr vkeP;k {kk=/kekZyk dehi.kk

vk.k.kkjh dks.krhgh xks‛V vkEgh ekU; dj.kkj ukgh- --- jkts Eg.kwu vkepk iztkikyukpk tks /keZ rks

vkEgh VkGw ‘kdr ukgh- ;k nq‛V ;ouka’kh ;q) dj.;kl vkEgh vkeph laiRrh ] vkepk ns’k] vkeps

nqxZ loZ dkgh i.kkl yko.;kl vkEgh r;kj vkgksr-*

6-4-7 N=irh laaHkkth vkf.k ‘kkDr iaaFk %&f’kodkGkr ‘k`axkjiwj gs ‘kkDr iaFkh;kaps egkjk‛Vªkrhy

egRokps dsanz cuys gkrs- rsFks ‘kkDriaFkh lU;klh f’ko;ksxh ;kus vkiyh eBh LFkkiwu ‘kkDr iaFkkP;k

izpkjkl izkjaHk dsyk gksrk- R;kph fdrhZ izlr gksÅu x.ks’k vuar tkaHksdj o ds’koHkV mik/;k; gs nksu

dÚgkMs czkã.k R;kaps f’k‛; >kys o R;kauh ‘kkDriaFkkpk vH;kl dsyk- ‘k`axkjiwj ;sFks f’ko;ksxh]

fu’pyiqjh xkslkoh] x.ks’kHkV tkaHksdj] ds’koHkV mik/;k; ;k ‘kkDriaFkh; yksdkaps okLrO; gksrs- rlsp

dfody’k ;kpkgh ‘kaxkjiwj’kh ?kfu‛B laca/k gksrk-

N=ifr f’kokthjktkaP;k jktkfHk‛ksd izlaxh laHkkthjktkauk ;qojkt Eg.kwu ?kksf‛kr dj.;kr vkys gksrs-

f’kokthjktkaP;k e`R;uarj jktkjkekl ejkB;kaP;k xknhpk okjl Ogkok ;klkBh lks;jkckbZus njckjh

yksdkaP;k enrhus dVdkjLRkkus dsyh- R;keqGs laHkkthjkts ,dkdh iMys- R;keqGs varxZr dVdkjLrkukrwu

ekxZ dk<.;klkBh laHkkthyk dfody’k toGpk okVyk vlkok- R;keqGs R;kP;k’kh laHkkthpk ?kfu‛B

laca/k vkyk- laHkkthjktkus gkrh lRrk vkY;kuarj doh dy’kkl ^dqyeqf[r;kj* gs in fuekZ.k d:u

R;koj useys- rlsp iq<s R;kyk ^NanksxkekR;* gs egRokps in nsÅu R;kP;k ra=kus dkjHkkj lq: dsyk-

doh dy’kkpk ok<rk izHkko oSfnd /kekZfHkekuh ljdkjdqukauk lgu gks.ks ‘kD; uOgrs- R;keqGs R;kauh

laHkkth o dfody’k ;akP;k’kh ‘k=qRo iRdjys- jkT;kfHk‛ksdkuarj f’kokthjkts dukZVdkP;k eksgesoj xsys

rsaOgk laHkkthjktkal ‘k`axkjiwj ;sFks BsÅu izHkkuoYyhpk lqHksnkj Eg.kwu useys gksrs- laHkkthjkts ‘k`axkjiqjh

vlrkuk ‘kkDriaFkh yksdkaP;k izHkkokus ‘kkDriaFkkdMs vkdf‛kZys xsys gksrs- 23 ekpZ 1678 jksth

laHkkthjktkauh Lor%l ^ dy‛kkfHk‛ksd* d:u ?ksryk gksrk- jkT;in feGfo.;kr vkysY;k vMp.kh nwj

dj.;klkBh R;kauh uol dsyk gksrk- izR;{k jktin feGky;kuarj rks R;kauh QsMyk- R;klkBh ,dk

rkaf=dkyk ngk gtkj lqjrh uk.;kaps o‛kkZlu fnys gksrs- jkT;kfHk‛ksdle;h laHkkthjktkauk eqyxk uOgrk

R;keqGs laHkkthjktkauh f’ko;ksX;kP;k lkax.;ko:u jktkfHk‛ksdkuarj nksu & rhu efgU;kr ^iq=dkes‛Vh ;K*

dsyk gksrk- rlsp jktlRrk gkrh vkY;kuarj laHkkthjktkus doh dy’kkP;k lkax.;ko:u vusd

dkj.kkalkBh ‘kkDriaFkh fo/kh o vuq‛Bkus dsyh- R;kr ‘k=quk’kklkBh o ;q)kr fot; feGfo.;klkBh

fo/kh dsY;kps mYys[k ;srkr-

6-4-8 N=irh laHkkth vkf.k doh dy’k laca/k&laHkkthjktkaP;k thoukr doh dy’kkl dks.krs egRo

gksrs ;kckcr xks- l- ljnslkbzZ vls fyfgrkr dh] ^ laHkkthP;k ,danj dkjHkkjkr dyq’kkps egRo fo’ks‛k

131

gksrs- gk duksth czkã.k izz;kx toGpk jkg.kkjk- dk’kh ;sFkhy HkkslY;kapk {ks=ksik/;k; gksrk- b- l-

1666 e/;s vkXÚ;kgwu ijr ;srkuk laHkkthpk o R;kpk izFke ifjp; ?kMyk- --- gk czkã.k ekaf=d

gksrk- R;kus laHkkthl o’k dsys --- Lodh;kackcr ‘kadhr >kysY;k laHkkthus R;kyk toG vk.kys- ---

dyq’kkl loZ fl)h o’k vkgsr v’kh dyq’kkph o R;kP;k ekydkph Hkkouk gksrh- --- rkaf=d

fo|srhy vuq‛Bkukfn iz;ksx d:u vlk/; xks‛Vh lk/; gksrkr] vlk laHkkthpk fo’okl fnlrks- *

N=irhlaHkkth & dyq’kk laca/kkckcr fpV.khl c[kjhr vlk mYys[k ;srks dh] ^--- gs orZeku ikr’kgkauh

ekfgr d:u QkSt jokuk dsyh- rs vkfy;kofj egkjktkauh ckckl dGokos] lkafxrys ckckauh fopkj

lkafxryk] ^gs QkSt vkyh;kph dk; eqtkdk vkgs- iz;ksxkl izkjaHk d:u ,d {k.kkr uk’k gks; ,sls

dfjrks- --- *N=irh laHkkth & dyq’kk laca/kkckcr ‘ksMxkodj c[kjhr vlk mYys[k ;srks dh] ^--- ‘kds

1608 --- vkSjaxtsc --- QkStlq)k --- fnYyhgwu --- rqGkiqj eqDdkeh ;sÅu --- jkfgys --- QkSt laHkkth

egkjktkaoj jokuk d:u fnYgh --- egkjkt laxes’ojkP;k fdYY;koj gksrs- rsFks dcthckck czkã.k

fganqLFkkuh --- vuq‛Bkuh jsMs ek:u R;kps jDrkr /kks=s fHktowu ik.kh flapwu cSlys gksrs- --- ikr’kgkps

yksd fdYyk p<ko;kl ykxys- --- dcth vuq‛Bkukl clwu ---

6-4-9 N=irh laHkkthjktkaP;k pfj=ys[kukpk ,sfrgkfld ekxksok %& N=irh laHkkthjkts gs egkjk‛VªkP;k

bfrgklkrhy xktysys o oknxzLr Bjysys O;fDreRo ekuys tkrs- ejkBhrhy vk| ukVddrhZ lksukckbZ

dsjdj ¼N=irh laHkkth½] jke x.ks’k xMdjh ¼jktlU;kl½]vkSa/kdj¼cscan’kkgh ½] olar dkusVdj

¼jk;xMkyk tsaOgk tkx ;srs½] bR;knh ukVddkj( f’kokth lkoar ¼ Nkok½] iq-Hkk- Hkkos ¼jkteLrdkpk

vkns’k½] bR;knh dknacjhdkj o ys[kdkauh fprkjysyk laHkkth ‘kwj ] /kkMlh fnynkj o ck.ksnkj]

LokfHkekuh] Lo/kekZfHkekuh ] ‘k=qiq<s ureLrd u gks.kkjk o /kekZlkBh thokph dqjoaMh dj.kkjk vkgs- i.k

R;kp cjkscj efnjk vkf.k efnjk{khP;k uknkr xqjQVwu xsysyk ( foods lqVwu Øqj cuysyk ] nqjkpkjh ]

O;luh] jktk vkgs- xzWaM MQ] U;k- jkuMs] fj;klrdkj xks-l- ljnslkbZ bR;knh vk| bfrgkldkjkauh eYgkj

jkejko fpV.khl] [kkQh[kku ] lkdh eqLrSn[kku ] euqfp] vkeZ bR;knhaP;k xzaFkkaP;k vk/kkjs laHkkthps fp=

jaxfoys vkgs- d`‛.kkth vuar lHkkln ;kaph lHkkln c[kj o eYgkj jkejko fpV.khl c[kj bR;knh

laHkkthP;k bfrgkl ys[kukph egRokph lk/kus vkgsr- c[kjdkj] vkn; bfrgkldkj] o lkfgR;hd

;kauh egkjk‛Vªkr fuekZ.k dsysyh laHkkth egkjktkaph fod`r izfrek iqlwu rsFks ,dk rstLoh ] ijkØeh]

drZcxkj laHkkthph okLro izfrek lkdkj dj.;kps dk;Z bfrgkldkj ok- lh- csanzs o MkW- dey xks[kys]

;kauh dsys-

vf/kd okpuklkBh

1½xks- l- ljnslkbZ] mxzizd`fr laHkkth-

2½ok- lh- csanzs] N=ifr laHkkth egkjkt

3½ MkW- dey xks[kys] f’koiw= laHkkth

132

ljkoklkBh iz’u %&

iz’u %& [kkyhy iz’ukaph 400 ‘kCnkr mRrjs fygk

1½ laHkkthjktkaP;k lRrkizkIrhP;k laa?k‛kkZpk lfoLrj vk<kok ?;k-

2½ laHkkthjktkaP;k vkØed eksfgekafo‛k;h ekfgrh fygk-

3½ N=irh laHkkth vkf.k eq?ky ;kaP;k laca/kkrhy egRokP;k ?kVuk Li‛V djk-

4½ laHkkthjkts vkf.k baxzt ;kaP;krhy lac/kkph ppkZ djk

5½ N=irh laHkkth vkf.k ijdh; lRrk ;kaP;ke/khy laca/kkph FkksMD;kr ekfgrh fygk-

6½ N=irh laHkkthP;k dkefxjhps ewY;ekiu djk-

iz’u %& 100 ‘kCnkr fVik fygk-

1½ N=irh laHkkthjktkaps vYi pfj=

2½ N=irh laHkkth % eq?kykapk lqHksnkj

3½ N=irh laaHkkthjktkafo:)ph dV dkjLFkkus

4½ N=irh laHkkth vkf.k fl)h laca/k

5½ N=irh laHkkth vkf.k vdcj laca/k

6½ N=irh laHkkthjktkaP;k vkØed eksfgek

133

bfrgkl& ,Q-ok;-ch-,- % f’kokth o f’kodky

izdj.k lkros

ejkB;kaps Lora«;;q)

7-1 N=irh jktkjkekph dkefxjh ¼b-l 1689 rs b-l-1700½

7-1-1 N=irh laHkkth o egkjk.kh ;slwckbZph Hkwfedk

7-1-2 N=irh jktkjkekph dkefxjh

7-1-3 N=irh jktkjke egkjktkapk e`R;w

7 -2 egkjk.kh rkjkckbZpk dky[kaM ¼b-l- 1700 rs b-l-1707½

7-2-1 eq?kyka’kh la?k‛kZ

7-2-2 egkjk.kh rkjkckbZP;k vkØed eksfgek

7-2-3 egkjk.kh rkjkckbZP;k usr`Rok[kkyh ejkBh lSU;kus xsysys fdYys ijr ftadwu ?ksrys

7-3jkepanziar vekR;]larkth ?kksjiMs o /kukth tk/ko ;kaps ;ksxnku

7-3-1 ejkB;kaP;k Lokra«;;q)krhy drZcxkj lsukuh

7-3-2N=irh jkepanziar vekR;

7-3-3larkth ?kksjiMs

7-3-4/kukth tk/ko

izkLrkfod %&ejkB;kaps Lokra«; ;q) gk ejkBs & eq?ky laaca/kkrhy ,d egRokpk VIik ekuyk tkrks-

lk/kkj.ki.ks b-l- 1681 rs b-l-1707 ;k iapohl & lOohl o‛kkZpk iznh?kZ dky[kaM eq?kyckn’kgk

vkSjaxtsc ;kus ejkB;kaps jkT; ftadwu ?ks.;klkBh ?kkyfoyk- gk laiw.kZ dky[kaM ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklkr

ejkB;kaps Lokra«;q) ;k ukokus vksG[kyk tkrks- ;k dky[kaMkps usr`RokP;k n`f‛Vus rhu dky[kaM ikM.ks

‘kD; vkgs- 1& N=irh laHkkth o egkjk.kh ;slwckbZ ;kaph dkefxjh 2 & N=irh jktkjkekpk

dky[kaM ¼b-l 1689 rs b-l-1700½ 3 & egkjk.kh rkjkckbZpk dky[kaM ¼b-l-1700 rs b-l-1707½

7-1 & N=irh jktkjkekpk dky[kaM ¼b-l 1689 rs b-l-1700½

7-1-1N=irh laHkkth o egkjk.kh ;slwckbZph Hkwfedk %&f’kokth egkjktkaP;k e`R;wuarj

vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgkus ejkB;kaps jkT; ftadwu ?ks.;kP;k mn~ns’kkus ejkBk jkT;koj Lokjh dsyh-

N=irhlaHkkthjktkauh b-l-1689 i;Zar eq?ky lRrsyk leFkZi.ks rksaM nsÅu ejkBk jkT;kps j{k.k dsys-

;klkBh R;kauh vkiY;k izk.kkps cfynku fnys- N=irhlaHkkthjktkaph dSn o eq?ky ckn’kgkdMwu R;kph

>kysyh fu?k`Z.k gR;k vkf.k R;kauarj fuekZ.k >kysY;k ifjfLFkrhr egkjk.kh ;slwckbZ ¼b-l- 1661 e/;s

134

laHkkthjktkaps yXu ‘k`axkjiwjps ljnkj fiykthjkts f’kdsZ ;kaph dU;k jktlckbZ fgP;k’kh >kyk- frps

lkljps uko ;slwckbZ vls Bsoys-½ ;kauh vR;ar eksykph Hkwfedk ctkoyh- Qsczqokjh 1689 e/;s

laHkkthjktkauk dSn >kyh] ekpZ 1689 e/;s R;kaph gR;k dsyh xsyh- ,fizy 1689 e/;s egkjk.kh

;slwckbZ ;kaP;k lYY;kuqlkj N=irhjktkjkekph jk;xMko:u lqVdk >kyh- uksOgsacj 1689 e/;s ;slwckbZ o

brj eaMGhaph dSn gksÅu ejkB;kaph jkt/kkuh jk;xM eq?kykaP;k rkC;kr xsyh vkf.k ejkB;kaoj

ikjra«;kph dqqÚgkM dkslGyh- ;k loZ izfrdwy ifjfLFkrhr egkjk.kh ;slwckbZ ;kauh vfr’k; tckcnkjhus]

/kksj.khi.kkus ] nwjn’khZi.ks o dsoG ejkBk jkT;kps fgr y{kkr ?ksÅu ejkBk jkT;kph O;oLFkk ykoyh-

N=irh jktkjkekps eapdkjksgu d:u R;kyk lq[k:i egkjk‛Vªkckgsj tkÅu y<k ns.;kl ikBfoys- eq?ky

ljnkj>qfYQdkj[kku ;kP;k’kh la/kku lk/kwu jktdkj.k dsys o R;kP;kdMwu lokZaP;k lqjf{krrsps vfHkopu

?ksÅu jk;xM eq?kykaP;k rkC;kr fnyk o Lor% brjkacjkscj dSn Lohdkjyh- ¼ ;kosGh jk;xMkoj

jktdqVqackrhy th eaMGh gksrh R;kr ] laHkkthjktkaph lko= vkbZ ldokjckbZ] laHkkthjktkaph nqljh

ck;dks paik o frph rhu eqyxs o nksu eqyh v’kh ikp viR;s] ;slwckbZpk eqyxk f’kokth o eqyxh

HkokuhckbZ ;kapk lekos’k gksrk-½ laHkkthjktkaP;k e`R;wuarj ;slwckbZauh jkT;kph O;oLFkk d’kh ykoyh

;kckcr eYgkj jkejko fpV.khl fojfpr jktkjke pfj=kr vlk mYys[k ;srks dh] ^--- jkT;kps

vf/kdkjh f’kokthjkts] laHkkthjkts ;kaps iq= ] ygku --- ;kal ?ksÅu o loZ dqVqac fu?kksu xsys vlrk

fuHkko iM.kkj ukgh --- jktkjke -- ;k.kh f’kokthjkts ;kal flagklu jkT;kfHk‛ksd d:u ] loZ dk;Z

vkSjaxtscklkj[kk ‘k=w ;k.kh xzk’khys] R;kl tkgackthps gqUujs xsys jkT; lk/kkos dkjHkkj d:u] nkSyr

loZ xsyh rh teokoh- --- * jkT;kph O;oLFkk d’kh djkoh ;kckcr fpV.khl c[kjhr vlk mYys[k

;srks dh] ;slwckbZuh vlk lYyk fnyk dh] ^ eqykps o; ygku] jkT; rfj xsysp] R;kvFkhZ ckgsj iMkos-

eqykl ckgsj tkÅu jkg.ks ;kl toG tkxk jk;xMkgwu ckdk ,s’kh nqljh ukghp- --- rqEgh lokZauh

jktkjkelkgsc lgorZeku ckgsj iMwu] QkSt tek d:u izkarkpk cankscLr jk[khyk vlrk loZ elyr

iMyh vlrk loZ elyr ok< frdMs vk/kh iMsy--- R;kvFkhZ panhpankojizkarh ne [kkÅu iqUgk elyr

cGkowu jkT;lk/kufg dj.ks iMsy rjh djkos- --- ;kLro jktkjkelkgsc o R;kapk dfcyk ,sls dk<ksu

fu?kksu tkos- --- * laHkkthjktkaP;k dqVqackP;k dSnsckcr fpV.khl c[kjhr vlk mYyss[k ;srks dh] ^ ,sls

>kys vlrk laHkkthjkts ;kaps iq= f’kokthjkts o ;slwckbZlkgsc o vk.k[kh ukVd’kkGk o enuflax ---

jk;xMh gksrs- --- rs le;h tksR;kth dsldj] -- egkjktkacjkscj xsys gksrs-*

7-1-2 N=irh jktkjkekph dkefxjh&b- l- 1670 lkyh jktkjkekpk tUe >kyk-

f’kokthjktkaP;k e`R;wuarj lks;jkckbZus ljdkjdqukP;k enrhus dVdkjLFkku d:u jktkjkekpk eapdkjksgu

lekjaHk d:u ?ksryk gksrk- N=irhlaHkkthjktkaP;k e`R;wuarj ;slwckbZP;k lYY;kuqlkj ?ks.;kr vkysY;k

fu.kZ;kuqlkj Qscqzokjh 1689 e/;s jktkjkekl eapdkjksgu d:u jkT; ok<fo.;kph tckcnkjh R;kP;koj

lksifoyh gksrh- N=irhjktkjkekus [kaMkscYykG] [kaMsjko nkHkkMs] izYgkn fujkth] larkth ?kksjiMs] /kukth

tk/ko ;kaP;klg eq?kykapk dMd cankscLr vlrkukgh R;krwu xqipqi fulV.;kph ;kstuk vk[kyh vkf.k

R;kr r s ;’kLoh >kys- jk;xMko:u lq[k:i ckgsj iMY;kph ckreh ckn’kgkyk letrkp R;kus

N=irhjktkjkekl idM.;klBh iz;Ru lq: dsys- pkSdhigkjs ykowu ‘kks/k lq: dsyk- vusd dfB.k

izlaxkauk rksaM nsr jktkjke egkjkt ftathyk tkÅu iksgpyk- N=irhjktkjkekP;k ftath izoklkps o.kZu

ds’ko iafMrkaP;k^ftathpk izokl vFkkZr jktjke pfjre~*] ekfVZuph jkstfu’kh] ekflj&b vkyefxjh ;k

xzaFkkrwu feGrs- R;kuqlkj iUgkGk rs ftath gk lqekjs lgk’ks eSykapk izokl jktkjkekus dsyk- ;k izoklkr

izYgkn fujkth] :ikth Hkkslys] cfgthZ ukbZd] [kaMks cYYkkG fpV.khl] uhGdaB eksjs’oj bR;knh fo’oklw

135

eaMGh R;kaP;kcjkscj gksrh- jktkjke egkjktkal idM.;klkBh eq?kykauh lxGhdMwu ukdscanh dsyh gksrh-

fBdfBdk.kh pkSD;k clowu rikl.kh dsyh gksrh- ijarq ;k cankscLrkrwu rs lghlyker ftathl iksgpys-

jktkjke gs vorkjh vlY;kus rs lghlyker fu?kwu xsys- ;kckcr ds’ko iafMrd`r jktkjke pfjre~

vFkkZr ftathpk izokl ;k xzaFkkr ds’ko iafMr o.kZu djrks ] ^jkty{k.k laiUUk --- vlysyk jktkjke

ftdMs frdMs iztk yqVyh tkr vlrkuk] loZ= pksjVs daVdkizke.ks iljys vlrkuk o foiqy ikolkus

ekxkZZrhy un;k rqMqac HkjY;k vlrkuk dukZVdkr dlk xsyk- ---* ftath gk HkkjrkP;k iwoZ

fdukÚ;kojhy dukZVdkrhy o egRokpk izkar gksrk- ftathl eksxy lSU; ;s.;kiwohZp ejkB;kauh rsFkhy

vktwcktwpk izns’k tkGwu csfpjk[k d:u Vkdyk gksrk- f’kok; ftathP;k fn’ksus eksxykauk ;s.kkjh jln gh

larkth ?kksjiMs o /kukth tk/ko ;kauh xfueh gYys d:u iGfoyh gksrh- R;keqGs eq?kykaP;k Nko.khr

fparsps okroj.k iljys gksrs- jln ?ksÅu tk.kkjs eksxy lqHksnkjkauk vVd dj.;kr vkY;keqGs ejkB;kapk

mRlkg ok<w ykxyk gksrk- jktkjke egkjkt ftathyk iksgpY;kuarj jktkjkekus vkiyk jkT;kfHk‛ksd d:u

v‛Viz/kkueaMG ?kksf‛kr dsys gksrs- R;kr] fuGksiar fiaxGs&is’kok] ‘kadjkth ukjk;.k&lfpo] ‘kadjkpk;Z

dkyxkodj&iafMrjko] tuknZuiar g.kwears&vekR;] egknth xnk/kj&lqear] jkepanz iqaMs&ea=h] [kaMks

cYYkkG&fpV.khl] [kaMsjko ikulacG&lsukirh ;kapk lekos’k gksrk- ;k dkGkr tsFks jktkjke egkjkt

tkrhy rsFks ejkB;kph jkt/kkuh gksrh- N=irhjktkjkekP;k dkGkr ejkBk jkT;;a=.kk vf/kd dk;Z{ke o

izHkkoh >kY;kps vk<Grs- ejkBs vkf.k eksxy ;kaP;kr vusdosGk pdedh >kY;k- ijarq cÚ;kp fBdk.kh

/kukth o larkth ;kauh vusdnk Nkis ?kkywu eq?ky lsusyk ijkHkwr dsys- ;k lanHkkZr lsrwek/kojko ixMh

fyfgrkr dh] ^ LojkT;kyk lqnSokus ;k osGh vxnh ;ksX; v’kk usR;kapk ykHk >kyk- R;kr jkepanziar

vekR;] ‘kadjkth ukjk;.k ] /kukth tk/ko] larkth ?kksjiMs] ij’kqjkeiar izfrfu/kh] Ekkukth f‘kans]

g.kearjko fuackGdj bR;knhapk lekos’k gksrk- ;k lokZauh LojkT;kP;k j{k.kklkBh ftokyk tho ns.;kps

/kkMl nk[kfoys o R;k dkGkr uok bfrgkl ?kMfoyk - ---* dukZVdkr larkth o /kukth tk/ko ;kauh

xf.keh dkO;kP;k ;q)ra=kus eq?kykaP;k QkStsoj gYys d:u R;kauk lGksdhiGks d:u lksMys- jktkjke

egkjktkauh >qfYQdkj[kkuk’kh rgkph cksy.kh lq: dsY;kps ukVd dsys- R;keqGs rks cslko/k jkfgyk gksrk-

;k la/khpk Qk;nk ?ksÅu jktkjkekus ftath lksMyh o rs fo’kkGxMkoj lq[k:i iksgpys- ejkB;kaph

jkt/kkuh ftath eksxykaP;k gkrh xsyh- ijarq ejkB;kapk jktk LojkT;kr iqUgk vkY;kus ejkB;kapk

vkRefo’okl ok<yk- b-l- 1698 uarj ejkBk lSfudkauh /kukth tk/kokaP;k ekxZn’kZuk[kkyh ;slkth o

[kaMksth nkHkkMs ;kauh ckxyk.ke/;s ] u sekth f’kans o fo’okljko iokj ;kauh [kkuns’kkr] ijlksth Hkkslys

;kauh oÚgkMkr rj [kqn~n /kukth tk/ko vkf.k usekth f’kans ;kauh cÚgk.kiwj] uanqjckj] gh ‘kgjs yqVyh-

mRrjsps izos’k}kj vlysY;k ekGO;kr yqVkyqV dsyh-

7-1-3 N=irh jktkjke egkjktkapk e`R;w %&vfr’k; izfrdwy ifjfLFkrhr ejkBk jkT;kph lw=s

N=irhjktkjkekP;k gkrh vkyh gksrh- ;kckcr vls o.kZu dsys tkrs dh] jktkjkekP;k gkrh lRrk lw=s

vkyh R;kosGh ejkB;kauk jktk uOgrk] R;kauk jkT; o izns’kgh uOgrk- v’kk izfrdwy ifjfLFkrhr

jktkjkekus jkT;kph lw=s gkrh ?ksryh gksrh- N=irhlaHkkthjktkaP;k e`R;wuarj ejkBk jkT; fVdfo.;klkBh

lkslkok ykx.kkjk ouokl] lkrR;kus gsk.kkjk izokl] /kkoiG] bR;knhaeqGs eqGP;kp uktwd vlysY;k

izd`rhyk jktdkj.kkph nxnx lkslyh ukgh- izd`rh LokLF;klkBh jktkjke flaxMkoj xsys gksrs- 2 ekpZ

1700 jksth flagxMkoj R;kapk e`R;w >kyk- ejkBk jkT;kP;k Lokra«; laxzkekrhy N=irh jktkjke ;kaps

LFkku o dkefxjh eksykph gksrh-

136

7-2 egkjk.kh rkjkckbZpk dky[kaM ¼b-l-1700 rs b-l-1707½ %&

N=irh jktkjkekpk e`R;w >kY;kuarj ejkBk jkT;kP;k Lokra«; y<;kr R;kph iRuh egkjk.kh

rkjkckbZ ¼ rkjkckbZ gh izrkijko xqtj ;kaph eqyxh gksrh- frpk tUe b-l- 1675 lkyh >kyk- ftps

iwohZps uko tkudh vls gksrs- ekpZ 1680 e/;s frpk fookg jktkjkek’kh >kyk-½ ;kauh egRokph

dkefxjh ctkoyh- o;kP;k vo?;k iapohlkO;k o‛khZ ¼b-l-1700½ rkjkckbZl oS/kO; izkIr >kys rjh

R;kauh vkiys oS;fDrd nq%[k cktwyk BsÅu vkiyk eqyxk f’kokth ¼ nqljk ½ ;kl xknhoj clowu

ejkBkjkT;kP;k dkjHkkjkph lw=s vkiY;k gkrh ?ksryh vkf.k Lokra«;y<;kps usr`Ro dsys- jktkjke

egkjkt g;kr vlrkukp rkjkckbZauh jkT;dkjHkkjkr o y‛djh eksfgekr Hkkx ?ksryk gkssrk- ;kckcr

[kkQh[kku fyfgrks dh]^--rkjkckbZ jktkjkekph Fkksjyh ck;dks gksrh- rh cq)heku o ‘kgk.kh gksrh- lSU;kph

O;oLFkk vkf.k jkT;dkjHkkj ;k ckcrhr uoÚ;kP;k g;krhrp frpk eksBk ykSfdd >kyk gksrk- jktkjke

egkjkt e`R;w ikoY;koj ckn’kgkyk okVys gksrs dh vkrk ejkB;kps jkT; cqMkys- jktkjke egkjktkaP;k

ekxs R;kph fujk/kkj o vKku eqys gh dk; la?k‛kZ dj.kkj\ ijarq vkiyk gk vankt pqdyk-] gs

ckn’kgkP;k yodjp y{kkr vkys-

7-2-1 eq?kyka’kh la?k‛kZ %&jktkjkekP;k e`R;wps dkj.k y{kkr ?ksÅu vk Sjaxtsc ckn’kgkus

ejkB;kafo:) eksfge vk[kyh- R;kdkGh lkrkjk gh ejkB;kaph jkt/kkuh gksrh] rh ftadwu ?ks.;klkBh

vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgkus Lor% lkrkÚ;kP;k fdYY;kyk os<k ?kkryk- ;k os<;kckcr lj tnqukFk ljdkj vls

fyfgrkr dh] ^ fdYY;kl laiw.kZ os<k ?kky.ksgh eksxykauk teys ukgh- ‘ksoVi;Zar ejkBs ckgsj iMr o

ckgsjps vkr tkÅ ‘kdr] myV eksxyh lSU; dksaMY;klkj[ks >kys gksrs- dkj.k ejkB;kaP;k y‛djh

rqdM;k egkjk.kh rkjkckbZP;k usr`Rok[kkyh f?kjV;k ?kkyhr gksR;k- ---* ‘ksoVh ejkB;kaP;k nqnZSokus

lkrkÚ;kP;k fdYysnkjkus 21 ,fizy 1700 jksth fQrqjhus fdYyk ckn’kgkP;kLok/khu dsyk- R;kikBksikB

ijGh o iUgkGk gs fdYysgh ejkB;kauh eksxykaP;k rkC;kr fnys ] ijarq gs fdYys rkC;kr nsrkuk R;kauh

,dk uO;k ra=kpk okij dsyk gksrk- rs ra= Eg.kts dkgh dkG fdYyk y<ok;pk vkf.k eq?kykadMwu iSlk

?ksÅu fdYyk rkC;kr n;k;pk vkf.k eq?kykaph ikB fQjrkp fdYyk iqUgk rkC;kr ?;ko;kpk- ;k ra=kpk

voyac d:u ejkB;kauh ijGh o iUgkGk gs fdYys eq?kykaP;k rkC;kr fnys- ;k ra=keqGs ejkB;kps

fdYys eq?kykauh ,dkekxwu ,d vls d:u ftadwu ?ksrys ijarq R;klkBh R;kaph frtksjh [kkyh djkoh

ykxyh- ;k loZ ifjfLFkrhph ikg.kh d:u rkjkckbZus vkØed ifo=k ?ksryk- eq?ky ;k os<;kr vMdys

rsaOgk ejkBs ljnkj /kukth tk/ko] ‘kadjkth ukjk;.k] guqearjko fuackGdj]] jk.kksth ?kksjiMs] ;k

lsukuhauh lkrkjk] dÚgkM] ] [kVko bR;knh izns’kkrhy vusd Bk.ksnkjka’kh y<k;k dsY;k-

7-2-2 egkjk.kh rkjkckbZP;k vkØed eksfgek %&jktfurh o j.kfurhr ikjaxr vlysY;k

rkjkckbZus eq?kyka’kh y<k nsrkuk uO;k ra=kpk okij dsyk- eksxy ckn’kgk vkSjaxtsc ;kps y{k LojkT;kP;k

eksfgekao:u deh dj.;klkBh rkjkckbZus eksxykauk fdYY;kaP;k os<;kr vMdwu Bsoko;kps o R;kaP;k

izns’kkr /kqekdwG ?kkyko;kpk v’kh ;kstuk vk[kyh- b-l-1702 lkyh ejkB;kauh rkjkckbZP;k

usr`Rok[kkyh ekGok] xqtjkFk] dukZVd] vka/kz] rfeGukMw bR;knh izns’kkrhy eq?kyh lqH;krhy egRokP;k

Hkkxkoj gYys dsys- b-l- 1703 lkyh ejkB;kauh iLrhl gtkjkaph QkSt xqtjkFke/;s ?kqlfoyh]

R;kposGh n qljh rqdMh usekth f’kans ;kaP;k usrqRok[kkyh HkksikG ‘kgjkr xsyh- lrrP;k ;q)keqGs eq?ky

lsuk ;q)kl daVkGwu xsyh gksrh- ;k ifjfLFkrhpk iqjsij Qk;nk ejkB;kauh ?ksryk-

137

7-2-3 egkjk.kh rkjkckbZP;k usr`Rok[kkyh ejkBh lSU;kus xsysys fdYys ijr ftadwu ?ksrys

%&eq?kykauh ejkB;kaps ts fdYys ftadwu ?ksrys gksrs rs ejkB;kauh rkjkckbZP;k usr`Rok[kkyh iqUgk ftadwu

?ksrys- b-l- 1704 &1705 e/;s d`‛.kk o fHkek ;kaP;k nqvkckr csjM yksdkauh eq?kykfo:) caM

mHkkjys rs fpjMwu Vkd.;klkBh Lor% ckn’kgk vkSjaxtsckus eksfge gkrh ?ksryh gksrh- okfd.k[ksMk gh

csjMkaph jkt/kkuh gksrh- R;keqGs gh eksfge okfd.k[ksM;kph eksfge ;k ukokus bfrgklkr uksanfoyh xsyh-

ejkBs o csjM ;kauh ckn’kkgh QkSts’kh fudjkph >qat fnyh- v[ksjhl okfd.k[ksMk fdYY;krhy loZ csjM

iGwu xsys vkf.k 27 ,fizy 1705 jksth fdYYkk eq?kykaP;k rkC;kr xsyk- ;k y<;kr rkjkckbZus /kukth

tk/ko o cfgthZ ?kksjiMs ;kaP;kcjkscj lSU; nsÅu ;kauk csjMkaP;k enrhyk ikBfoys gksrs-- ckn’kgk

okfd.k[ksM;kP;k eksfgesoj vlrkukp rkjkckbZus eq?ky fdYysnkjkadMwu fdYys ftadwu ?ksrys- b-l- 1705

lkyh yksgxM ];kp o‛khZ f=acd f’konso ;kauh flagxM ftadyk] ‘kadjkth ukjk;.k ;kauh jksfgMk o iUgkGk

ftadyk] ij’kqjke f=acdkus lkrkjk o olarxM ?ksryk- csjMkojhy eksfge iw.kZ d:u 20 tkusokjh 1706

jksth vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgk vgenuxjkl vkyk- vktkji.kkeqGs rks v’kDr >kyk gksrk- vkiY;k mRrjsrhy

lRrsyk lq:ax ykxwu;s Eg.kwu vkSjaxtsckus vkiys y{k mRrjsdMs oGfoys gksrs- R;k la/khpk Qk;nk ?ksÅu

eq?kykaph ikB fQjrkp ejkB;kauh iqUgk fdYys ftadwu ?ks.;kl lq:okr dsyh- ejkB;kph lRrk ftadwu

?ks.;kP;k iz;Rukr vkSjjaxtsckps mRrjsdMs nqyZ{k >kys- jktiwr] tkV] cqansys] ‘kh[k ;kauh caMkGh dsyh- gh

ckc ckn’kgkP;k eukyk ;kruk ns.kkjh Bjyh-

7-3 jkepanzir vekR;] larkth ?kksjiMs o /kukth tk/ko ;kaps ;ksxnku%&

7-3-1 ejkB;kaP;k Lokra«; ;q)krhy drZcxkj lsukuh %&

N=irh f’kokthjktkauh bLykeh opZLokrwu egkjk‛Vª ns’k lksMfo.;klkBh vkf.k ns’k] nso o /kekZps] j{k.k

dj.;klkBh fganoh LojkT;kph LFkkiuk dsyh gksrh- f’kokthjktkaP;k e`R;wuarj ejkBk jkT; fxGad`r

dj.;kpk gsrw eukr ckGxwu izpaM QkStQkVk cjkscj ?ksÅu eq?ky ckn’kgk vkSjaxtsc nf{k.ksr mrjyk

gksRkk- ;k bLykeh vkØe.kkyk ‘kg ns.;klkBh ejkB;kauh N=irh laHkkthjkts] N=irh jktkjke] o

egkjk.kh rkjkckbZ ;kaP;k vf/kiR;k[kkyh rCcy lOohl o‛ksZ eq?kyka’kh fudjkus y<k fnyk- ;k izfn?kZ

la?k‛kkZP;k dkGkr egkjk‛Vªkr ejkBk jkT;klkBh o N=irhaP;k xknhP;k j{k.kklkBh vusd ijkdzeh]

Lokehfu‛B o LojkT;koj izse dj.kkÚ;k ‘kqj fojkaph ] eqRln~nh jktdkj.;kaph ,d eksBh QGh fuekZ.k

>kyh gksrh- R;kr] jkepanziar vekR;] izYgkn fujkth] fuGdaB eksjs’oj] ‘k adjkth ukjk;.k] [kaMkscYYkkG]

larkth] cfgthZ o jk.kksth ?kksjiMs] /kukth tk/ko] foBksth pOgk.k] usekth f’kans] ij’kqjke f=acd] ekukth

eksjs] gachjjko eksfgrs][kaMsjko nkHkkMs] ijlksth Hkkslys] fHkokth xqtj] dkUgksth vkaxzs] larkth Hkkslys]

jaHkkth fuackGdj] nknks eYgkj] nekth Fkksjkr] panzlsu tk/ko] gachjjko ekfgrs ¼nqljk½] ckGkth fo’oukFk

bR;kfnapk lekos’k gksrk- ;k ljnkjkauh xktfoysyk ijkØe gk fganqLFkkukrhy dks.kR;kgh izns’kkrhy y<kÅ

fganwl vfHkeku okVkok v’khp dkefxjh R;kauh d:u nk[kfoyh gksrh - dMsdksV cankscLrkr Nko.kh d:u

clysY;k nLrqj[kqn~n eq?kyckn’kgk vkSjaxtsckP;k rGkoj gYyk d:u R;kP;k jkgqVhps lksU;kps dGl

dkiwu vk.k.;kiklwu rs ckn’kgkP;k ukekafdr ljnkjkauk dSn dj.;ki;Zar ejkBh lsukuhauh vusd lkglh

d`R;s dsyh- eq?ky lkezkT;kcn~nyph fHkrh ejkB;kaP;k eukrwu dk;eph fu?kwu xsyh- v’kk lsukuh o

eqRlnn~;kar izkeq[;kus jkepanziar vekR;] fujkth jkoth] larkth ?kksjiMs ] /kukth tk/ko ;kaP;k

ijkØekpk izkfrfu/khd Lo:ikr vk<kok ?ks.ks vko’;d vkgs-

138

7-3-2 jkepanziar vekR; %&

egkjk‛Vªkr ejkB;kapk jktk o jkt/kkuh lqjf{kr ukgh gs y{kkr ;srkp N=irhjktkjkekus

eqRln;kaP;k lYY;kus vkiyh jkt/kkuh dukZVdkrhy ftath ;sFks gkyfoyh- ftathdMs iz;k.k dj.;kiwohZ

N=irhjktkjkekus LojkT;klkBh eksxykafo:) pkyysY;k y<;kph lw=s jkepanziar vekR; ;kaP;kdMs

fnyh gksrh- vekR;kapk xkSjo dj.;klkBh N=irhjktkjkekus R;kauk ^gqderiUgk * vlk gqÌk fnyk gksrk-

LojkT;kpk /kuh ftathyk vlrkuk eksxykalkj[;k cyk<; ‘k=qyk vekR;kus eksB;k fgerhus rksaM fnys-

f’kokthjktkauh ?kkywu fnysY;k i)rhuqlkj LojkT;kph ;a=.kk fl) dsyh- v‛Viz/kkukaP;k use.kwdk dsY;k-

jktk egkjk‛Vªkckgsj vlY;kus egkjk‛Vªkrhy jkT;dkjHkkjklkBh ^izfrfu/kh * gs ,d uos in fuekZ.k dsys-

tsaOgk d’kkpkp Hkjkolk nsrk ;sr uOgrk rsaOgk vjktd fuekZ.k gksÅ u;s Eg.kwu N=irhps tkxh R;kpk

izfrfu/kh ekuyk tkok vkf.k ,d gqder dk;e jkgkoh v’kh O;oLFkk dsyh gksrh- ^izfrfu/kh gs in

izYgkn fujkth ;kl ns.;kr vkys gksrs-

jkepanziar vekR; gk f’kokth egkjktkaP;k osGhp jkT;dkjHkkjkr vkysyk gksrk-

jkepanziarkpsofMy fuGks lksunso gs f’kokth egkjktkapk ^eqtqenkj * gksrk- fuGks lksunsokP;k e`R;wuarj

^eqtqenkj * gk gqÌk R;kpk Fkksjyk eqyxk ^ukjks fuGdaB* ;kyk ns.;kr vkys] rjh dkjHkkj jkepanziarp

igkr vls- lHkklnkus vkiY;k c[kjhr f’kokth egkjktkaP;k rksaMh ts mn~xkj ?kkrys vkgsr] R;kar] ^^

R;kaiSdh ,d izYgkniar fujkthiarkaps iq= o jkepanziar fuGksiarkaps iq= gs nks?ks czkã.k ijkØeh gksrhy-

fuGksiar] iz/kkukpk iq= gkgh uko /kfjy] eksMhys jkT; fr?ks czkã.k o fr?ks ejkBs lkojrhy ** vlk

jkepanziarkapk mYys[k vkgs- laHkkth egkjktkaP;k dkjdhnhZr jkepanziar fdafpr ekxs iMys vlys rjh

laHkkthjkts gs R;kaph ;ksX;rk tk.kwu gksrs] vls fnlrs- vkSjaxtsckpk eqyxk vdcj laHkkthjktkaP;k

vkJ;kyk vkyk rsaOgk R;kP;k’kh cksy.kh dj.;kph dkefxjh laHkkthjktkauh jkepanziar vekR;kaoj

lksifoyh gksrh- jktkjkekP;k dkjdhnhZr rj loZ v‛Viz/kkukaP;kgwu] izfrfu/khgwugh Js‛B vls ^gqderiUgk*

gs in jkepanziarkl feGkys- jktkjke ftathl nwj eqy[kkr vlrkuk] Lor% eksfgesoj cgq’k% u tkrk]

fo’kkGxMkl ik; jksowu] jkepanziarkus loZ ejkBk eaMG ;kstdi.ks dkekl taqiys- larkth & /kukthph

QwV lka/k.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- ftathgwu jktkjkekus fnysY;k] o Lor% fnysY;k ‘ksdMks orui=kaP;k

?kksVkG;karwu lqlaxr O;oLFkk fuekZ.k dj.;kpk iz;Ru jktkjkekP;k eqR;wuarj rkjkckbZP;k dkGkr dsyk-

‘kkgw egkjkt nf{k.ksr ;sÅ ykxY;koj lkrkjk&dksYgkiwjph QwV VkG.;kpk ‘kD; rso<k iz;Ru dsyk rs

v’kD; >kY;koj ek= rks dksYgkiwjP;k jkT;kr tkÅu jkfgyk- jkT;dR;kZauk ikfgts rsOg<h lYykelyr

fnyh- ^vekR;*ingh R;kus vkiY;k g;krhrp vkiyk eqyxk Hkxoarjko ;kP;k ukos d:u ?ksrys- ---

jkepanziarkP;k drZ`Rokpk [kjk cgkjhpk dkG Eg.kts jktkjkekP;k ftath&oklkpk dky gkp gks;- gk

dky[kaM /kke/kqehpk] foLdGhri.kkpk] lrrP;k eksfgekapk] vlk gksrk- jkepanziar gk LokHkkfodfjR;k

eqydh vf/kdkjh vkf.k cSBk eqRln~nh gksrk- gs /;kukr Bso.;klkj[ks vkgs- ,su /kke/kqehP;k dkGkr

QkStQkV;kph teokteo] [kftU;kph rjrwn] xMdksVkaps laj{k.k] [kk’kkLokjhph vkf.k dfcY;kph

gyokgyo ;k ckcrhr jkepanzirkyk y{k ?kkykos ykxys- R;kr vkiyh prqjkbZ vkf.k dr`ZRo i.kkyk

ykokos ykxys- jkT;dkjHkkjkph ?kMh clowu ns.;kr jkepanziar vekR;kaP;k pfj=kph gh cktwp egRokph

Bjrs- FkksMD;kr b-l- 1681 lkyh f’kokthjktkaP;k e`R;wuarj lq: >kysY;k eq?ky vkØe.kkpk ‘ksoV b-

l- 1707 lkyh vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgkP;k e`R;wus >kyk- gk laiw.kZ dky[kaM ejkBk jkT;kP;kn`‛Vhus Lokar«;

;q) Eg.kwu bfrgklkr uksanfoys xsyk vkgs- ;k dkGkr ejkB;kauh vfr’k; izfrdwy ifjfLFkrhr eq?ky

lsuslg tks y<k fnyk rh ckc egRokph gksrh- egkjk.kh ;slwckbZ] N- jktkjke] egkjk.kh rkjkckbZ]

139

jkepanzir vekR;]izYgkn fujkth] larkth ?kksjiMs] /kukth tk/ko bR;knhlkj[;k drZcxkj o ijkØeh

ljnkjkauh thokph ckth ykowu eq?kyka’kh y<k fnyk brdsp uOgs rj R;kauk vkiY;k ;q)ra=kus

lGksdhiGks d:u lksMys vkf.k vkiys jkT; jk[kys- gh ckc izsj.kknk;h vkgs-

larkth ?kksjiMs o /kukth tk/ko %&ejkBk eksxy la?k‛kkZr T;kauh vkiY;k ‘kkS;Z o ijkØekus

rlsp vkiY;k o`d~;q)ra=kus eq?ky QkStsyk gSjk.k dsys- [kqÌ vksjaxtsc ckn’kgkP;k jkgqVhps lksU;kps

dGl dkiwu vk.kys vkf.k ckn’kgkyk eksBk gknjk fnyk- vusd eq?ky ljnkjka’kh y<k fnyk] vusdkP;k

Nko.;k yqVY;k ] fdR;sd ukeoar eq?ky ljnkjkal dSn dsys- R;kaP;k ;k ijkØekeqGs ejkBk jktdkj.kkr

o eq?kykaP;k Nko.khrgh R;kapk njkjk fuekZ.k >kyk gksrk- larkth o /kukth ;k tksMhus egkjk‛Vªkr]

dukZVdkr o eq?kyh izns’kkr LokÚ;k d:u vkiY;k ijkdzekpk Blk meVfoyk- N=irh jktkjke ftathl

xsY;kuarj >qfYQdkj[kkukus ftathyk os<k fnyk- vkWDVkscj 1690 e/;s ejkBs&eksxy ;kaps ;q) lq:

>kys- v’kk ifjfLFkrhr egkjk‛Vªkrwu larkth o /kukth gs nksu ejkBs lsukuh eksB;k Qkstsfu’kh ftathyk

iksgpys vkf.k ftath iq<hy eksxyh lSU;koj gYYkk p<foyk-

7-3-3 larkth ?kksjiMs %&N=irh jktkjkekus b-l- 1691 e/;s larkth ?kksjiMs ;kauk ^ljlsukirh* gs

in fnys- R;kuarj yxsp iapohl gtkj ?kksMnGkph QkSt ?ksÅu larkth us cÚgk.kiwj oj Lokjh dsyh-

vkf.k rs ‘kgj yqVys-] R;kuarj uanqjckj ‘kgjkph ywV dsyh- 1695 e/;s R;kaus eq?kykaps izfl) Bk.ks]

[kVko ;kl os<k fnyk o ftadwu ?ksrys- larkathP;k cankscLrklkBh ikBfoysyk eq?ky ljnkj fgEer[kku

;kaP;koj vpkud gYyk d:u R;kyk Bkj ekjys- dUkkZVdkr eq?ky ljnkj dklhe[kku ;kyk

nksM~Msfxjhi;Zar ekxs gVohr usys- R;kph jln can dsyh- R;keqGs rks o R;kps lSU; e`R;weq[kh iMys-

rj dkgh ljnkjkauh toGps loZ lksus&uk.ks] gRrh&?kksMs larkthyk nsÅu rg dsyk- ;k dkGkr ejkB;kauk

fot;kekxwu fot; feGkY;kus ejkB;kapk njkjk ok<yk- ;kps Js; larkth?kksjiMs ;kaP;kdMs tkrs-

larkthP;k ijkØekckcr bfrgkldkj ixMh vls fyfgrkr dh] ^ nksM~Msfxjhph y<kbZ Eg.kts larkthP;k

fot;kpk dGl gksrk-* larkthus eq?ky ljnkjkaoj fot; feGowu ejkB;kaps opZLo fuekZ.k dsys- R;keqGs

R;kpk vgadkj ok<yk- R;krwup N=irh jktkjke o /kukth tk/ko ;kaP;k’kh larkthpk la?k‛kZ gksÅu

R;kph ifj.krh larkthP;k [kqukr >kyh- ukxksth ekusdMwu larkthpk [kwu >kyk- larkthP;k ijkdzekps

o.kZu djrkuk xks- l- ljnslkbZ larkthl ^xfueh dkO;kpk tud* vls lacks/krkr- [kkQh[kku gk

bfrgkldkj larkth&/kukthP;k P;k ijkØekps o.kZu djrkuk fyfgrks dh] ^^ ejkBs ljnkjkr izeq[k Eg.kts

larkth ?kksjiMs o /kukth tk/ko gs gksrs- R;kaP;ktoG ia/kjk ohl gtkjkaP;k taxh QkStk gksR;k brj

QkStcan ejkBs ljnkj R;kaP;k gkrk[kkyh dke djhr vlr- ;k nks?kk ljnkjkaeqGs ckn’kkgh lsukirhoj

dekyhpss o Hk;adj vk?kkr >kys- R;kr rks ukyk;d larkth izeq[k gksrk- le`) ‘kgjkoj gYyk d:u

R;kapk uk’k dj.ks] o ukekafdr lsukuhaoj rqVwu iM.ks ;kr R;kaph [kwip izfl)h >kyh- T;kyk T;kyk

larkth’kh eqdkcyk dj.;kpk vkf.k y<.;kpk izlax vkyk] R;kP;k u’khch iq<hyiSdh ,d ifj.kke

Bjysykp vls- ,drj rks ekjyk tkbZ fdaok t[keh gksÅu dSnsr lkiMs fdaok R;kpk ijkt; gksbZ vkf.k

R;kps lSU; xkjn gksbZ- vki.k ftokfu’kh fulVyks] gkp vkiyk iqutZUe >kyk vls R;kl okVs- ftdMs

ftdMs rks ;q)klkBh tkbZ] frdMs R;kpk eqdkcyk dj.;kl ckn’kgkpk izfrf‛Br ljnkjkaiSdh ,dgh r;kj

gksr uls- --- ** larkthus ] ‘ks[k futke] ltkZ[kku] yqRQqYyk[kku] vyh[kku] djhe[kku] [kkuktkn[kku]

tkufulkj[kku] rgCcqj[kku] gehn[kku] fgaer[kku] vln[kku] dkec{k] >qfYQdkj[kku bR;knh vusd

eq?kyh lsukauh’kh larkthus y<k fnyk- R;kiSdh fdR;sdkauk R;kus j.kkax.kkoj Bkj dsys-] rj brjkauk dSn

140

dsys- larkthlkj[kh Hkhrh o /kkLrh brj dks.kkgh ejkBk ljnkj ‘k=q lSU;kr fuekZ.k d: ‘kdysyk ukgh- -

-- larkth gk ijkØeh gksrkp] f’kok; rks j.kfurh rTK gksrk- izfri{kkyk ge[kkl ispkr idMwu dls u‛V

djko;kps gk Mkoisp larkth lkj[kk brj dq.kkykgh teyk ukgh- ia/kjkohl gtkjkP;k QkStkaP;k

gkypkyh rks osxkus djhr vls- R;keqGs ‘k=qP;k rkoMhr rks d/khp lkiMr uls- --- egkjk‛Vªkr xfueh

dkok vfLrRokr gksrkp ijarq ;k xfueh dkO;kpk tkLr mi;ksx larkthus dsyk- R;kus xfueh dkO;kP;k

ra=kr izxrh dsyh- --- **

7-3-4 /kukth tk/ko %&egkjk‛VªkP;k o ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklkr flan[ksMpstk/ko ?kjk.ks izfl) ekuys

tkrs- R;k ?kjk.;krhy ijkØeh lsukuh Eg.kts /kukth tk/ko gks;- laHkkthjktkaP;k e`R;wuarj fuekZ.k

>kysY;k Lokra«; laxzkekr /kukth o larkth gh tksMh izfl) >kyh gksrh- 1692 e/;s eq?kykaP;k lSU;kus

ftathP;k ifjljkr /kqekdqG ?kkryk rsaOgk /kukth tk/kokus bZLekbZy[kkukoj gYyk dsyk- ;k gYY;kr

/kukthcjkscj larkthgh gksrk- ftath ftad.;kr vi;’k vkysY;k >qfYQdkj[kkukus osYyksjP;k fdYY;kyk

os<k ?kkryk gs dGrkp /kukth tk/ko larkthyk ?ksÅu dukZVdkr xsys- larkth o /kukth osYyksjP;k

fn’ksus ;sr vkgsr gs letrkp eq?kykauh oYyksjpk os<k mBfoyk- brdh R;kaph ng’kr gksrh- larkth

vfk.k /kukth ;kaP;ke/;s vf/kdkj inko:u forq‛V vkys- R;krwu fuekZ.k >kysY;k oSjHkkokr larkthyk

vkiys izk.k xeokos ykxys gh ejkBkjkT;kaph eksBh gkuh >kyh-

ckn’kgkpk e`R;w vkf.k ejkB;kaP;k Lokraa«; ;q)kpk ‘ksoV%&b-l-1706 &1707 e/;s ckn’kgkps

vktkji.k] mRrjsrhy lRRkkauh dsysyss caM] ejkB;kaP;k mRrjsrhy ok<R;k eksfgek ;keqGs ckn’kgkleksj

vusd iz’u fuekZ.k >kys gksrs- ;kosGP;k ckn’kgkP;k eu%fLFkrhps fp= fudksyk; euqfp ;kP;k o.kZukrwu

vk<Grs- euqfp fyfgrks dh] ^ejkB;ka’kh ;q) lq: dj.;kr vkiyh pwd >kyh ] vls okV wu vkSjaxtsckl

vkrk i’prki gksr gksrk- dkj.k R;kP;k dYiusizek.ks R;kl ;k ;q)kr ;’k vkys ukgh- nf{k.ksr tks

dkgh izns’k R;kus ftadyk gksrk] rks rkC;kr Bso.;klkBh R;kus nf{k.ksr jkgk.ks vko’;d >kys gksrs-

vkrk ejkB;kaP;k QkStk ckn’kkgh lkezkT;kr loZ fn’kkauh /k qekdqG ?kkywu yqVkyqV djr gksR;k-

izrhfno’kh ejkBs vkiY;k ok<R;k lkeF;kZps izn’kZu eq?kyh lkezkT;kP;k izR;sd lqH;kr djr gksrs- ---*

ejkB;kaP;k QkStk ekGok] fnYyh] vkXkÚ;kP;k jks[kkus ?kqlr gksR;k- vksfjlk&caxky e/;sgh /kqekdqG

?kkyhr gksR;k- ekpZ 1706lkyh rkjkckbZus /kukthP;k usr`Rok[kkyh ia/kjk&lksGk gtkjkph QkSt xqtjkrsr

ikBfoyh gksrh- ejkB;kaP;k QkStsus lqjr o R;k HkksorkyP;k izns’kkr yqVkyqV dsyh- ueZnk vksykaMwu

cMksn;koj Lokjh dsyh- eq?ky lSU;koj R;kauh Nqis gYys d:u R;kauk gSjk.k dsys gksrs-

ckn’kgkpk e`R;w %& okfd.k[ksM;kP;k eksfgeso:u ijr ;srkukp ckn’kgk vktkjh iMyk- gs vkiys

v[ksjpsp vktji.k ;kph R;kyk tk.kho >kyh- R;kus vkiY;k eqykauk fujfujkG;k Hkkxkr ikBowu fnys-

vkSjaxtsckP;k e`R;wiwohZ dkgh fnol vkxksnj R;kus dkec{k ;kl fotkiwjkl o vkTte‘kgk ;kl

ekGO;kdMs ikBfoys gksrs- ¼ 13 Qscqzokjh 1707½ R;kuarj vYiko/khrp ‘kqØokj fnukad 20 Qscqzokjh

1707 jksth ckn’kgkus txkpk fujksi ?ksryk- R;kP;k eR;weqGs fganqLFkkuP;k bfrgklkrhy ,d egRokps

ioZ laiys- lrr iapohl&lOohl o‛ksZ pkyysyk eq?ky&ejkBs la?k‛kZ Fkkacyk- ckn’kgkP;k e`R;wuarj

vo?;k nksu&rhu efgU;kr rkjkckbZus eq?ky fdYysnkjkadMwu flagxM] iqjanj] iUgkGk] ikouxM]fo’kkGxM]

lkrkjk] ijGh gs egRokps xM ijr ftadwu ?ksrys-

141

ljkoklkBh iz’u

1½ ejkB;kaP;k Lokra«; ;q)krhy egkjk.kh ;slwckbZps ;ksxnku Li‛V djk-

2½N=irh jktkjkekP;k usr`Rok[kkyh eq?kyka’kh >kysy;k y<;kps lfoLrj o.kZu djk-

3½egkjk.kh rkjkckbZus LohdkjysY;k vkØed /kksj.kkph ri’khyokj ekfgrh fygk-

4½jkepanziar vekR; ;kauh ejkB;kaP;k Lokra«; ;q)kr ctkoysyh Hkwfedk Li‛V djk-

5½ejkB;kaP;k Lokra«; ;q)krhy larkth o /kukth ;kaP;k dkefxjhps egRo Li‛V djk-

6½ vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgkph nf{k.k eksfgesP;k vi;’kkph dkj.ks fygk-

iz’u%& 100 ‘kCnkr fVik fygk-

1½ egkjk.kh rkjkckbZph Hkwfedk

2½ N=irh jktkjke egkjktkapk ftath izokl

3½ ftathrhy ejkBs eq?ky la/k‛kZ

4½ jkepanzir vekR;kaph dkefxjh

5½ larkth ?kksjiMs ;kaps ;ksxnku

6½ egkjk.kh rkjkckbZ ;kaps vkØed /kksj.k

vf/kd okpuklkBh iqLrds

1- lssrwek/kojko ixMh] eksxy&ejkBk la?k‛kZ

2- fo-y- dkGs] ^ftathokl vFkkZr N=irh jktkjke*

3- ds’ko iafMr ] ^jktkjke pfjre~ vFkkZr ftathpk izokl*

4-t;flaxjko iokj] ejkBh lRrspk mn;

5 t;flaxjko iokj] egkjk.kh rkjkckbZ

6 jkpanzir vekR;d`r] ‘ka-uk- tks’kh] y- e- fHkaxkjs] ¼laik-]½ vkKki= vkf.k jktuhfr]i`- 15

142

143

bfrgkl& ,Q-ok;-ch-,- % f’kokth o f’kodky

izdj.k 8 os % f’kodkyhu lektthou

8-1 xkoxkMk

8-1-1 xkoxkMk

8-1-2 xkokrhy izeq[k lRrk

8-1-3 XkkoxkM;krhy pkj izeq[k ?kVd

8-1-4 xkoxkM;krhy izeq[k orunkj

8-1-5 orulaLFksrhy brj orunkj

8-2 L=h thou

8-2-1 L=h;kaps dqVaqckrhy LFkku

8-2-2 fookg laLFkk o fL=;kaps R;ke/khy LFkku

8-2-3 ejkBsdkyhu L=h;kaps lektkrhy LFkku

8-3 /kkehZd thou

8-3-1 f’kodkyhu izeq[k /keZ

8-3-2 f’kodkGkrhy /kkehZd ijaijk

8-3-3 N=irh f’kokth egkjktkaps /kkehZd /kksj.k

8-3-4 egkjk‛Vª /keZ

8-3-5 N=irh f’kokth egkjktkaP;k /kkfeZd /kksj.kkph oSf’k‛V;s

8-3-6 l.k lekjaHk

izLrkouk %&

ekuoh lektkph fufeZrh >kY;kiklwu dkGkuq:i lektjpuk o lekt O;oLFkk cnyr xsyh-

izR;sd dky[kaMkr lekt O;oLFksph dkgh osxGh oSf’k‛V;s fnlwu ;srkr- f’kodkyhu lektO;oLFkk gh

oSf’k‛V;siw.kZ gksrh- f’kodkGkr [ksMs gkp loZ lkekftd O;ogkjkapk dsanzfcanw gksrk- ;k dkGkr

lektO;oLFkk pkyfo.;klkBh xkoxkMk i/nr vfLrRokr gksrh- xkoxkMk gk fnok.klRrk] xksrlRrk]

tkrhlRrk] O;kikjhlRrk ;kaP;kekQZr pkyr vls- ;kf’kok; [ksMs xkokr orunkj nsf[ky egRokph

Hkwfedk ctkor vlr- ;k orunkjkae/;s ikVhy] dqyd.khZ] pkSxqyk] ‘ksVs] egktu] cyqrsnkj ;kapk

lekos’k gksrk-

lektjpusrhy egRokpk ?kVd Eg.kts fL=;k- ;kdkGkr fL=;kaph fLFkrh Qkj’kh lek/kkudkjd

uOgrh- lektkr o dqVqackr fL=;kauk nq¸;e LFkku gksrs- rRdkyhu lektkrhy izpfyr tkpd izFkk

ijaijkaeqGs L=h;kaps thou d‛Ve; gksrs- fir`iz/kku O;oLFkk] lrhizFkk] ckyfookg] f’k{k.kkpk vHkko]

ds’koiu i/nrh] fo/kok fookgkl canh ;k ?kVdkaeqGs fL=;kaph eksBh fooapuk gksr gksrh-

144

f’kodkGkr lkekftd Lrjhdj.k eksB;k izek.kkoj ?kMwu vkysys vlys rjh lkekftd fo‛kersps

izek.k deh gksrs- tkrhO;oLFkk HkDde gksow ykxyh gksrh- f’kokth egkjktkauhbrj /kfeZ;kauk LojkT;kr

lkekowu ?ks.;kr vkys gksrs- Lor% N=irh f’kokth egkjkatkuh /kkehZd lfg‛.kwrsps /kksj.k jkcfoY;keqGs

fofo/k /kekZps vfLrRo ns[khy lektkr fVdwu gksrs- izR;sd /kekZps vkpkj] fopkj ;kr rQkor gksrh-

R;kewGs ;kdkGkr /kkehZd mRlo o l.k ;kauk lektthoukr egRo gksrs-

f’kodkGkr dqVwacO;oLFkk] fookglaLFkk] tkrhO;oLFkk] /keZlaLFkk b- ?kVdkackcr oSf’k‛V;iw.kZ jpuk

gksrh- R;kvk/kkjs rRdkyhu lekt thoukpk vkÑrhca/k tk.kwu ?ksrk ;sbZy-

8-1-1 xkoxkMk %&

[ksM;kph lkekftd o vkfFkZd dkjHkkj pkyfo.kkjh th ;a=.kk vlrs R;kykp ^xkoxkMk* Eg.krk

;sbZy- f’kodkGkrhy xzkeh.k thou Eg.ktsp xkoxkMk-

orunkj] fejklnkj] cyqrsnkj] vyqrsnkj] mijh gs xkoxkM;kps ?kVd vkgsr- ;k ?kVdkaeqGs ;k

dkGkrhy [ksMh Lo;aiw.kZ gksrh- loZ lkekftd o vkfFkZd O;ogkjkapk dsanzfcanw [ksMs gksrs- f’kodkGkr

[ksM;kl xzke] nsgs] ekStk v’kk fofo/k ukokauh vksG[kys tkr vls- xko Eg.kts ^T;kP;kHkksorh

ofgokVhyk ;ksX; v’kh tehu vkgs- ^T;kfBdk.kh eksB;k la[;sus ‘ksrdjh o ‘ksretwj vkgsr] v’kk

oLrhyk xko Eg.krkr*- xkokps Lo:Ik Li‛V djrkuk lk/kkj.ki.ks nksu Hkkx iMrkr-

1½ ika<jh fdaok xkoBk.k %& T;k tkxsoj xkokrhy yksd ?kjs cka/krkr fryk ika<j fdaok ika<jh vls

Eg.krkr-

2½ dkGh fdaok jku] f’kokj %& T;k tkxsoj xkokrhy yksd ‘ksrh djrkr] fids dk<rkr fryk dkGh

Eg.krkr- [ksM;kP;k mifoHkkxkl etjk] okMh] ikMh] [kkjh vls Eg.kr- dkgh osGk xkokpk fdaok

[ksM;kpk mifoHkkx foLrkjyk tkbZ] fdaok eksBk gksbZ- ¼yksdla[;sus½ R;kps nqlÚ;k ,[kkn;k [ksM;kr

:ikarj gksbZ- vls >kys rjh [ksM;kps eqG uko cnyr uls- eqG xkokyk cqnwzd rj uO;k xkokyk [kqnZ

vls EgVys tkrs- dkgh osGk ‘ksrh o ?kj ;ke/khy varj vf/kd vlsy rj yksd Lor%P;k ‘ksrkrp ?kj

cka/kr- gGwgGw rsFks oLrh r;kj >kyh rj R;kyk etjk] okMh fdaok ikMh Eg.krkr-

dkgh xkos dlck Eg.kwu izfl/n vlrkr- dlck Eg.kts T;kaP;k gkrkr osxosxG;k oLrw

cufo.;kps dlc vkgs] vls vusd yksd oLrw foØhlkBh ,d= ;sowu jkgrkr] R;kyk dlck Eg.krkr-

;k fBdk.kh vkBoM;kpk cktkj Hkjr vls] vktqcktwP;k [ksM;krhy okMh ikM;krhy yksd [kjsnhlkBh

dlC;kr ;sr- fofo/k dkjkxhj vkiY;k oLrw foØhlkBh cktkjkr vk.kr- dlC;kaP;k isBsr gs [kjsnh

foØhps O;ogkj gksr- isB olfo.;kph tckcnkjh ‘ksVs egktukaph vls- leqnzfdukjh canjkaP;k fBdk.kh

vl.kkÚ;k O;kikjh ‘kgjkyk ^fejs* Eg.kr-

8-1-2 xkokrhy izeq[k lRrk %& e/;;qxhu dkGkr lkekU;i.ks izR;sd xkokr pkj izdkjP;k lRrk lq:

gksR;k-

1½ fnok.k lRrk & ;ke/;s gokynkj] dkjdqu bR;knh jktkus useysys vf/kdkjh eaMGh vlr-

R;kaP;k ekQZr izR;sd xkoke/;s jktk vkiyh lRrk jkcfor vls- xkokrhy ‘kkarrk] lqO;oLFkk jk[k.;kps

dke dsys tkbZ-

145

2½ xksr LkRrk & xksrlRrk Eg.kts xzkekf/kdkÚ;kaph lRrk ;kykp ^ns’kLkRrk* Eg.krkr- ;ke/;s

orunkj] j;r] cyqrsnkj ;kaPkk lekos’k vls- jktlRrsis{kk vf/kd tckcnkjh] ekulUeku o vf/kdkj

vlysyh lRrk Eg.kTks gh xksrLkRrk-

3½ Kkrh lRrk & ;kyk /keZlRrk vlsgh EgVys tkbZ- gh lRrk /kkfeZd Lo:ikP;k fu.kZ;kps dke

djr vls- [ksMsxkokrhy okn] erHksnkps fujkdj.k dj.ks gs KkRkh lRrsps izeq[k dk;Z gksrs-

4½ O;kikjh lRrk & xkokrhy O;kikj o xkok&xkokae/khy O;kikjkps fu;a=.k dj.ks gs ;k O;kikjh

lRrsps dk;Z gksrs-

ns'kd &

ojhy pkj lRrka[ksjht T;kauk xkokr ekukps LFkku vls] xkokiklwu T;kauk dkgh gDd izkIr gksr]

v’kk yksdkauk ^ns’kd* EgVys tkbZ- rs xkops dk;eps jfgoklh vlr- rs xkodhph fofo/k izdkjph dkes

djhr- ^ns’kdkae/;s ns’keq[k fdaok nslkbZ] ns’kikaMs fdaok ns’kdqyd.khZ] ikVhy] dqyd.khZ] ‘ksVs] egktu]

egkj ;kapk mYys[k vlY;kps MkW- v- jk- dqyd.khZ ;kauh ^f’kodkyhu egkjk‛V*ª ;k xzaFkkr er O;Dr

dsys vkgs-

8-1-3 XkkoxkM;krhy pkj izeq[k ?kVd

orunkj] fejklnkj] cyqrsnkj] vyqrsnkj] mijh gs xkoxkM;kps ?kVd vkgsr-

1½ orunkj &

T;k ns’kdkadMs xkokph lunh vFkok brj dkes vlr] o T;kauk dkeklkBh ekscnyk

Eg.kwu ‘ksrlkjk ekQ dsysyk vls R;kauk ^orunkj* Eg.kr- xkodÚ;kadMwu R;kauk jks[k Eg.kts

^^u[r* fdaok oLrqP;k :ikus T;kyk ^xyk* Eg.kr] v’kk Lo:ikr R;kP;k pkdjhpk ekscnyk

fdaok pkdjh osru feGs- orunkjkP;k ekscnY;kl ^gdyftek* Eg.kr vlr-

orunkj gs oa’kijaijkxr vf/kdkjh gksrs- ikVhy] dqyd.khZ] pkSxqyk gs xkokps orunkj

vlr rj ns’keq[k] ns’kikaMs] ‘ksVs] egktu gs ijx.;kps orunkj vlr-

orunkjkaph dk;ZZ&

1½ jktkP;k fdaok jkT;kP;k lRrsr cny >kyk rjh orunkj cnyr ulr-

2½ lkjk olwyh o ‘ksrh fodkl gh orunkjkph izeq[k dkes vlr-

3½ ‘ksrh lanHkkZr ykx.k] isj.kh] [kqji.kh] dk<.kh] eG.khP;k dkekoj y{k Bso.ks-

4½ Xkkokrhy t=k fdaok LFkkfud mRlo] l.k] lekajHk ikj ikM.ks-

5½ xkokrhy ‘kkarrk o lqO;oLFkk fVdowu Bso.ks-

6½ Xkkokrhy okn] erHksn] raVs] HkkaM.ks] la?k‛kZ feVfo.ks-

7½ ladVdkGh xkokrhy yksdkaps j{k.k dj.ks-

146

2½ fejklnkj &

izR;sd xkoke/;s oa’kijaijsus tfeuhph ekydh vl.kkjk o tfeuhpk miHkksx ?ks.kkjk oxZ

Eg.kts fejklnkj- fejklnkj Eg.kts cGdjh fdaok ’ksrdjh- xkokrhy toGikl 70 rs 80 VDds

tehu ;k oxkZP;k ekydhph vls- rs LOkr%P;k ekydhph tehu dlr vkf.k fu;ekizek.ks

‘ksrlkjk Hkjr- xksr lRrsP;k loZ lHkkauk rs gtj jkgr vlr-

fejklnkjkps dk;Z&

1½ [ksMsxkokr olkgr dj.ks-

2½ ‘ksrh dkeklkBh xkok ckgsjhy yksdkauk xkokr vk.k.;klkBh izksRlkgu ns.ks-

3½ mijh yksdkauk vkiY;k ‘ksrhP;k dkeklkBh Bsowu ?ks.ks-

3½ v½ cyqrsnkj &

xkoxkMk fdaok xkokpk dkjHkkj pkyfo.;kph lokZr eksBh tckcnkjh cyqrsnkjkaoj vls

xko dkexkj] orunkj o fejklnkj ;kaurjps xkokrhy ekudjh Eg.kts cyqrsnkj- xkokph fofo/k

izdkjph lsok dj.kkÚ;k vkf.k R;k ekscnY;kr /kkU; ?ks.kkÚ;k xzkelsodkauk ^cyqrsnkj* Eg.kr-

cyqrsnkjkauk xkodÚ;kadMwu R;kaP;k dkekpk ekscnyk Eg.kwu fidkpk dkgh fgLlk lqxhP;k

fnolkr feGr vls- ;kyk ^cywrk* vls Eg.krkr- ^cyqrk* Eg.kts xkokrhy dkjkxhj o lsod

;kaP;k mnjfuokZgklkBh xkokus fnysyk ekscnyk gks;-

T;kaP;k lsosokpwu ‘ksrdÚ;kaps dke uMrs rks ^dk:* vFkok cyqrsnkj] vkf.k T;kph lsok

feGkyh ukgh rjh ^’ksrdÚ;kps Qkjls dke uMr ukgh* rks uk: vFkok vywrsnkj-

xzkeh.k thoukrhy yksdO;ogkjkr ckjk cyqrsnkj o vBjk vyqrsnkj vkgsr- R;kaph ;knh

xkoxkMk ;k xazFkkr f=- uk- v=s ;kauh fnyh vkgs- cywrsnkjkae/;s 1½ egkj] 2½ lqrkj] 3½ yksgkj]

4½ pkaHkkj] 5½ dqaHkkj] 6½ Ugkoh] 7½ lksukj] 8½ tks’kh] 9½ ijhV] 10½ xqjo] 11½ dksGh] 12½

ekax-

c½ vywrsnkj&T;kph lsok feGkyh ukgh rjh ^’ksrdÚ;kps Qkjls dke uMr ukgh* rks uk:

vFkok vywrsnkj- vyqrsnkjkae/;s vBjkixM tkrhaP;k yksdkapk lekos’k gksrk- vyqrsnkjkae/;s 1½

rsyh] 2½ rkacksGh] 3½ lkGh] 4½ luxj] 5½ f’kaih] 6½ ekGh] 7½ xksa/kGh] 8½ /kuxj] 9½

MksÚ;k HkkV] 10½ Bkdj xkslkoh] 11½ taxe] 12½ eqyk.kk] 13½ okta=h] 14½ ?kM’kh] 15½

dykoar] 16½ rjkG] 17½ HkksbZ] 18½ dks‛Vh v’kk tkrhapk lekos’k gksrk-

4½ mijh & fejklnkjkauk R;kaP;k ‘ksrhP;k fdaok brj dkekr enr dj.;klkBh ts yksd ckgs:u

xkokr ;sr vlr R;kauk ^mijs* vls Eg.kr- ;k ^mijh* uk xkokr lkekftd o ukxfjdRokps

gDd ulr- xkokr eksyetwjh dj.ks] Bjkfod eqnrhr oktaV tehu dl.;klkBh ?ksr vlr-

dkykarjkus R;k tfeuhps ekydh gDd R;kauk feGr- tfeuhph ekydh feGkY;kaurj rs fejklnkj

gksr vlr-

147

8-1-4 xkoxkM;krhy izeq[k orunkj &

1- ikVhy & ikVhy gk ejkBsdkyhu xzkejpusrhy eq[; vf/kdkjh gksrk- ikVykl ^xzke.kh@xzkei*

vlsgh EgVys tkbZ- lkekU; j;r o ns’keq[kkae/khy nqok Eg.kts ^ikVhy*- rks xkokpk ijaijkxr

vf/kdkjh vls- ikVhy gk xksrlRrspk izeq[k vls- [ksM;krhy fdaok xkokrhy t=sP;k]

mRlokP;k] l.kklqnhP;k izlaxh ikVykyk vxzgDd gksrs- ukaxj gh R;kph fu’kk.kh vls-

ikVykph dkes &

1½ yko.kh] lap.kh] isj.kh] eG.kh gh dkes ‘ksrdÚ;kadMwu djowu ?ks.ks-

2½ xkokrhy iMhd tehu ykxoMh[kkyh vk.k.ks-

3½ xkokrhy ‘ksrlkjk Bjfo.;kl vf/kdkÚ;kauk learh ns.ks-

4½ xkokrhy lkjk fdaok eglwy olwy dj.ks-

5½ xkokr ‘kkarrk lqO;oLFkk Bso.ks-

6½ xkokrhy erHksnkizalxh U;k;fuokMk dj.ks-

7½ ikVykP;k rSukrhyk ,d jkcrk egkj vls-

2 dqyd.khZ & xkokr ikVyk [kkyks[kky dqyd.khZ gk nqlÚ;k Øekadkpk fdaok nq¸;e ntkZpk eqydh

vf/kdkjh vls- ikVykpk enruhl Eg.kwu rks dke djhr vls- R;kyk ^xkodqyd.khZ* fdaok

^xzkeys[kh * vlsgh Eg.kr- dqyd.;kZdMs xkokps nIrj vls- dqyd.khZ oru oa’kijaijsus ;sr vls-

dqyd.;kZph dkes &

1½ eglwy tek [kpkZP;k uksanh Bso.ks-

2½ ‘ksrh mRiUu ok<hoj R;kyk y{k n;kos ykxs-

3½ iMhd tehuh ykxoMh [kkyh ;sFkhy ;kph dkGth ?ks.ks-

4½ xkokrhy eglwy tek dj.;kP;k dkeh ikVykyk enr dj.ks-

3 pkSxqyk & xkoxkM;krhy frljk ?kVd Eg.kts pkSxqyk gks;- ^pkSxqyk* ;k ‘kCnkpk vFkZ ^pkj dqGs

ckGx.kkjk* vlk vkgs- ikVykpk lgk¸;d Eg.kwu pkSxqyk dke djrks- ikVykizek.ksp ukaxj gh

fu’kk.kh pkSxqyk okijrks- egkjk‛Vªkr cgqrka’k fBdk.kh ejkBk tkrhrhy yksdp pkSxqyk vlr ijarw

dkgh fBdk.kh czk„.k] f’kaih] ekGh] eqlyeku pkSxqy s gh vk<Grkr- ukaxjkizek.ks ^dkBh* gh lq/nk

R;kph fu’kk.kh ekst.kh’kh laca/khr gksrh-

pkSxqyk ;kph dkes &

1½ xko dkjHkkjkr o lkjk olwyhr ikVykl enr dj.ks-

2½ ns’keq[k] ns’kikaMs ;kaP;kdMs xkokrhy lkjk o fg’kksckph dkxni=s iksgpfo.ks-

3½ xko lksMwu xsysY;k dqGkauk ijr vk.k.ks-

4½ tehu ekst.khP;k dkekr enr dj.ks-

148

8-1-5 orulaLFksrhy brj orunkj

1 ns’keq[k %& ns’keq[k gs ijx.;kps orunkj vf/kdkjh gksrs- ^ns’keq[kh oru gs loZ orukr Js‛B

oru vkgs* vls ‘k- uk- tks’kh Eg.krkr- ijx.;krhy cgwrsd xkoke/;s ns’keq[k o ns’kikaM;kph

tehu vlY;kus xkok’kh R;kapk fudVpk laca/k ;srs vls- ikVykais{kk ns’keq[kkapk ntkZ mPp

vlY;kus R;kaps gDd gh foLr`r vlr-

ns’keq[kkaps gdyftes &

1½ loZ orunkjkar ns’keq[k eksBk vlY;kus R;kaph izfr‛Bk o ekuiku vf/kd vls-

2½ xkodjh] cyqrsnkj] O;kikjh o brjkadMwu R;kyk fofo/k HksVoLrw feGr-

3½ R;kP;k rSukrhl jkcrk egkj fnysyk vls-

ns’keq[kkaph dkes &

1½ Ikjx.;krhy loZ ikVykapk uk;d vlY;kus R;kaP;k dkekoj ns[kjs[k dj.ks-

2½ xkokxkokrhy tehu ykxoMh[kkyh vk.k.ks-

3½ fidtfeuhpk lkjk fuf’pr Bjfo.ks-

4½ xkodÚ;kaP;k vMhvMp.kh lksMfo.ks-

5½ ijx.;kr ‘kkarrk o lqO;oLFkk fVdfo.ks-

6½ eglqykP;k dkekcjkscjp y‛djh lsosr ns[khy lgHkkxh gks.ks-

7½ nq‛dkGh ifjfLFkrhr xkodÚ;kauk lkÚ;kr lwV ns.ks-

FkksMD;kr [ksMs o ljdkj ;kaP;k e/khy egRokpk nqok Eg.kwu ns’keq[kkyk dk;Z djkos ykxr vls-

2- ns’kikaMs & ijx.;krhy n qlÚ;k Øekadkpk vf/kdkjh Eg.kts ns’kikaMs xkokr tlk dqyd.khZ rlk

ijx.;kr ns’kikaMs- ns’kikaM;kuk brj orunkjkaizek.ks jksdM o oLrq:ikr ekscnyk feGr vls-

ns’keq[kkyk feG.kkÚ;k feGdrh is{kk fuEE;k Lo:ikph ns’kikaM;kaph feGdr gksrh- ijx.;krhy

cyqrsnkjkadMwu dkgh gDd ns’kikaM;kuk feGr vlr-

ns’kikaM;kph dkes &

1½ ijx.;krhy xkokpk fg’kksc Bso.ks-

2½ xkoksxkoP;k dqyd.;kaZP;k dkekoj ns[kjs[k Bso.ks-

3½ ijx.;krhy vkiY;k Hkkxkrhy dks.kR;kgh xkokpk fg’kksc rikl.ks-

4½ ,[kkn;k xkokr dqyd.khZ ulsy rj dqyd.;kaZps dke ns’kikaM;kukp djkos ykxr vls-

149

3- ‘ksVs & egktu& f’kodkGkr xkoxkM;krhy vkfFkZd O;ogkjka’kh laca/khr vls orunkj]

xkokrhy isBsps oa’kijaijkxr orunkj] ikVhy o dqyd.;kZ izek.ksp ‘ksVs o egktukauk vf/kdkj

gksrs- isBps izeq[k ‘ksVs vls- rj isBspk fg’kksc Bso.;kpk vf/kdkj egktukapk vls- xkokrhy

xksrlHksr ‘ksVs &egktu Hkkx ?ksr vlr- xkoxkM;krhy lkodkjhps O;ogkj eq[;r% ‘ksVs

egktukadMwu dsys tkr- xksrlHksP;k fuokMk i=koj R;kaph ^rjktw* gh fu’kk.kh dsyh tkbZ-

Jekpk ekscnyk Eg.kwu ljdkjdMwu tehu o xkokdMwu dkgh gDd feGr-

‘ksV s&egktukaps dke &

1½ Xkkokr isB clfo.ks-

2½ ,[kkn;k xkokr cktkj Hkjr ulsy rks lq: dj.ks-

3½ isBsr okijyh tk.kkjh otu ekis ;kaph rikl.kh dj.ks-

4½ isBsrhy O;kikÚ;kadMwu djkph olwyh dj.ks-

8-2 L=h & thou%& e/;;qxhu dky[kaMkizek.ksp f’kodkGkrgh fL=;kaps thou vR;ar

d‛Ve; gksrs- L=h;kauk dqVqackr] lektkr nq¸;e o xkS.k LFkku gksrs- iq:‛kkais{kk rqyusus fL=;kaoj vf/kd

ca/kus gksrh- ckyfookg] fo‚ke fookg] vlwj fookg] jk{kl fookg] fo/kok fookgkl canh] cgqiRuhRokph

i/nrh] ?kVLQksV] ds’koiu i/nrh] lrhizFkk v’kk fofo/k i/nrh fL=;kaps thou d‛Vizn gks.;kl

dkj.khHkwr gksR;k- fL=;kauk f’k{k.kkpk] ekyeRrsrhy gDd uOgrk- fL=;kauk lkekftd o jktdh; Lokar«;

uOgrs-

f’kodkGkr fganw lektkr L=hdMs ikg.;kpk n`‛Vhdksu Qkjlk mnkj uOgrk- iMnk i/nrh dkgh

izek.kkr gksrh- ljnkj yksd] Jhear yksd vkiY;k injh dq.kch.kh ckGxr- Lor% N=irh f’kokth

egkjktkauh fL=;kackcrhr dkgh lkekftd ijaijk eksMwu dk<.;kpk iz;RUk dsysyk fnlrks-

8-2-1 fL=;kaps dqVaqckrhy LFkku &

f’kodkGkr ,d= dqVqaci/nrh :< gksrh- ,d= dqVwac O;oLFksr L=h;kaps LFkku xkS.k gksrs-

dqVwackrhy lokaZph euksHkkos lsok dj.ks gs L=hps vk| drZO; gksrs- ckyfookg] cgqiRuhRokph o fo‛ke

fookgkph pky :< vlY;kus fdR;sd L=h;kauk dqVawckr misf{kr fdaok ukoMrhps thou txkos ykxr

vls-

8-2-2 fookg laLFkk o fL=;kaps R;ke/khy LFkku &

fookg laLFkk fganw lektkrhy iqjkru laLFkk vkgs- fganw /keZ‘kkL=k izek.ks lksGk laLdkjkaiSdh ,d

egRokpk laLdkj Eg.kwu fookg laLdkjkdMs ikghys tkrs- Hkkjrh; ijaijsuwlkj fookgkps vkB izdkj vlys

rjh rs lektkr :< uOgrs- fookgkP;k vusd i/nrh] cgqiRuhRokph pky] lrhph pky ;kpk L=h

thoukoj eksBk vk?kkr >kyk gksrk-

1- ckyfookg & ejkBk dky[kaMkr ckyfookg loZekU; gksrs- v’kk fookgkr eqyhps o; 8 o‛kkZps rj

eqykps 14 o‛kkZps x`ghr /kjys gksrs- ckyfookgkps nks‛k eksBs gksrs- ejkBk dky[kaMkr lrr ;q/ns gksr

vlY;kus fdR;sd osGk ckyo/kwyk vdkyh oS/kO; izkIr gksr vls- ifr fu/kukuarj L=hyk ftoari.ks ujd

;kruk HkksxkO;k ykxr- R;keqGs thoar jkg.;k is{kk lrh tk.ks L=h;ka ilar djr-

150

2- fo‛ke fookg & fo‛ke fookg Eg.kts ojkps o; o/kqis{kk vusd iVhus vf/kd vlk;ps- fo‛ke

fookg i/nrheqGs L=h;kaP;k eukph dqpacuk gksr vls o R;kauk vdkyh oS/kO; izkIr gksr vls-

3- vlwj fookg & ejkBk dky[kaMkr o/kq fodr ?ksowu yXu dj.ks gk izdkj vfLRkRokr gksrk-

v’kk fookgkl ^vlwj fookg* vls euqLe`rhr EgVys vkgs- v’kk izFkkaeqGs R;kdkGh L=h;kauk

fdrh fgu ntkZ fnyk tkr gksrk gs y{kkr ;srs-

4- jk{kl fookg & o/kqyk tcjnLrhus iGowu usÅu fookg dj.;kP;k i/nrhyk ^jk{kl fookg*

vls EgVys tkrs-

5- fo/kok fookg & mPpof.kZ;kae/;s fo/kok fookgkph izFkk :< gksrh- v’kk izdkjP;k fookgkps

nksu izdkj gksrs- 1½ ikV yko.ks] 2½ eqgwrZ ¼eksrqj½

6- cgqiRuhRokph izFkk& ;k dkGkr cgqiRuhRokP;k izFksyk izfr‛Bk gksrh- iq:‛k fdrhgh osGk o

dks.kR;kgh o;kr yXu d: ‘kdr- jkT;drZs o ljnkj gs gh vusd fookg djhr vlr- ;k

f’kok; iq:‛k yXu u djrk vusd L=h;k j[ksyh Eg.kwu Bsor vlr-

7- ?kVLQksV &;k dkGkr ?kVLQksV ?ks.;kph izFkk uOgrh- R;keqGs L=h;kauk irhpk lkljP;kdMwu

NG lgu dj.;kf’kok; i;kZ; uOgrk- iq:‛kkauk vusd yXu dj.;kph izFkk vlY;kus ifgY;k

iRuhyk ?kVLQksV u ?ksrk lksMwu nsrk ;sr gksrs- lksMwu fnysY;k L=hdMs lekt vfr’k; rqPNrsus

ikgr vls-

8- fo/kokaP;k leL;k & oS/kO; gh nSoh vkiRrh vlwu fo/kokauh lU;kalh o ozRkLFk] cfg‛Ñr

thou txys ikfgts- v’kh /kkj.kk gksrh- fo/kokuk dqVqackr] lektkr loZ= rqPN okx.kwd fnyh

tkr vls- l.k] lekjaHk] /kkehZd dk;kZr fo/kokauk lgHkkxh gksrk ;sr uls- fo/kokaps n’kZu gh

v’kqHk ekuys tkr vls- fo/kokauh lqanj fnlw u;s Eg.kwu ds’koiukphizFkk izpfyr gksrh- ekxhy

tUeh ikikaeqGs ;k tUeh oS/kO; izkIr >kys vkgs- v’kk oS/kO;kyk dYiuk tksMY;k tkr vlr-

8-2-3 ejkBsdkyhu L=h;kaps lektkrhy LFkku &

f'kodkGkrhy L=h;k fo’ks‛kr% ljnkj] orunkj o jktdkj.kkrhy L=h;k] jktdkj.kkr o

lkoZtfud thoukr lØh; Hkkx ?ksr vlY;kps fnlrs- rRdkyhu dkxni=ko:u fttkckbZ]

rkjkckbZ b- uh jktdkj.kkr lØh; Hkkx ?ksrY;kps fnlrs- ;kf’kok; ljnkj ?kjk.;krhy o

orunkj ?kjk.;krhy vusd L=h;k lkoZtfud thoukr Hkkx ?ksr vlr- irh fu/kukuarj vkiY;k

vKku eqykP;k orhus vusd L=h;k ikVhydh o ns’keq[khP;k tckcnkÚ;k ;’kLohfjR;k ikj

ikMhr vlr- lkekU; oxkZrhy L=hyk iq:‛kkP;k cjkscjhus dkckMd‛V d:u vkiys] vkIkY;k

eqykckGkaps iksV Hkjkos ykxr vls- lkekftd Lokra«;koj o lkoZtfud thoukrhy frP;k

lgHkkxkoj vusd ca/kus gksrh- ijarw iq:‛kkP;k cjkscjhus rh vFkkZtu d:u lalkjkyk gkrHkkj

ykohr vls- R;keqGs dqVqackr fryk eku feGr vls- dkexkj oxkZrhy L=h;k iquZfookg djhr-

xksrlHksph R;kyk ekU;rk vls- ;k oxkZrhy L=h;kauk lrh tk.;kph izFkk ca/kudkjd uOgrh-

1- lrh izFkk & b- l- 10 P;k ‘krdkuarj Hkkjrkr lrh tk.;kph izFkk :<>kyh- gh i/nr {kf=;

fL=;kauh izpkjkr vk.kyh- dkykarjkus brj tkrhrgh frpk izlkj >kyk- lrh izFksyk /kkehZd

151

vf/k‛Bku gksrs- Le`rhdkjkauh L=h;ka leksj vusd ikjykSdhd dYiukaps izyksHku Bsoys gksrs- ^th

L=h irhlg xeu djrs rh vkys- ekr`dqy vkf.k HkkrZ`dqy ;k nksUgh dqykapk m/nkj djrs-

f’kodkGkrhy loZ tkrhr lrhph mnkgj.ks lkiMrkr- rjhgh egkjk‛Vªkr ;k izFksyk eksB;k

izek.kkr izlkj >kY;kps fnlr ukgh-irhojhy izsekeqGs L=h;k lrh tkr vlr] vls Eg.krk

;s.kkj ukgh- ijarq /kekZpk tcjnLr ixMk L=h;kaP;k eukoj vLkY;kus oS/kO; fo/kok thoukrhy

ujd ;kruk viekfur thou vkf.k LoxZ izkIrhP;k ew[kZ dYiuk ;keqGs L=h;k lrh tk.;kl

izo`Rr vlr-

Lor% f’kokth jktkauh ‘kgkthjktkaP;k e`R;wuarj fttkckbZuk lrh tk.;kps Bjfoys vlrkuk] lrh

tk.;kiklwu jks[kys- ;ko:u f’kokth jktkaps iqjksxkfeRo fnlwu ;srs-

2- L=h f’k{k.k& jkt?kjk.;krhy L=h;kauk v{kj vksG[k vlY;kps fnlrs- f’kodkGkr

jkt?kjk.;krhy L=h;kauk f’k{k.k feGr vlY;kps iqjkos feGr ukgh- dkgh L=h;kuak ;q/ndyk

?kksM;koj cl.ks o iz’kklukps f’k{k.k vlkos- fttkckbZ o rkjkckbZ ;kapk iz’kklukr ykSdhd

gksrk- ijarw loZ lkekU; j;rsr L=h;kauk f’kdow u;s v’khp yk sd letwr gksrh- ijaijsus ekghr

vlysY;k xks‛Vh] vksO;k] yksdxhrs o yksddFkk ;kaps laLdkj L=h;kaP;k eukoj gksr vlr- gsp

f’k{k.k gksrs-

3- fL=;kapk dkSVqfcad ekyeRrslaca/khpk gDd& f’kodkGkr L=h;kauk vkiY;k ofMykaP;k ekyeRrsr

dks.krkgh gDd uOgrs- rlsp irhP;k ekyeRrsr frpk gDd ekU; uOgrk- rRdkyhu

dkxni=kao:u vls fnlrs dh] L=hyk lektkus iq.kZi.ks nqyZf{kr d:u nq¸;e LFkku fnys vkgs-

,[kkn;k L=hpk irh ewy ckG ulrkuk e`R;wew[kh iMyk rj R;kP;k LFkkoj taxe ekyeRrsrhy

2@3 fdaok v/kkZ fgLlk ljdkj tek gksr vls- ,d= dqVqckr v’kk fo/kok L=h;kauk QDr

mnjfuokZgkiwjrs fnys tkr vls-

lkjka’k e/;;qxkr L=h;kaph fLFkrh Qkj’kh pakxyh uOgrh-

8-3 /kkehZd thou &

LojkT; laLFkkid o ,dk izns’kkpk jktk Eg.kwu N=irh f’kokth egkjktkaps /kksj.k ;k izns’kkrhy

loZ/kfeZ;kacÌ~y lfg‛.kwi.kkps gksrs- f’kokth egkjktkauh /keZfujis{krsP;k rRokl ns[khy egRo fnys gksrs-

brj /kfeZ;kauk ns[khy LojkT;kr lkekowu ?ks.;kr vkys gksrs- LojkT; LFkkiuslkBh f’kokth egkjktkauh

eqfLye LkRrkf/k’kkacjkscj rlsp ekrCcj fganw jktk’kh vFkok ljnkjka’khgh >xMkos ykxys gksrs- f’kodkGkr

,d jktdh; /kkehZd o lekftd fopkjlj.kh mn;kl vkyh gksrh-

8-3-1 f’kodkyhu izeq[k /keZ &

fganw /keZ & f’kodkGkrhy egkjk‛Vªkrhy lektkr fganw /kfeZ;kaph la[;k tkLr gksrh- R;keqGs ;k dkGkr

egkjk‛Vªkr fganw /keZp izeq[k /keZ gksrk- fganw /kekZr vusd /kkehZd ijaijk] pkyhfjrh izpfyr gksR;k- fganw

/kkfeZ; yksd vusd nso nsorkaph mikluk djhr vlr- fganw /kekZr vlysY;k pkrqo.kZ O;oLFkseqGs fganw

152

/keZ ,dla/k uOgrk- ;k O;oLFkseqGs fganwps Lrjhdj.k ?kMwu vkysys gksrs- ;kuqlkj czkEg.k] {kf=;] oS’;]

‘kqnz vls o.kZ vfLrRokr gksrs-

czkEg.kkae/;s dk;LFk] ns’kLFk] dksd.kLFk] dÚgkMs] izHkw] fprikou vls vusd Lrj gksrs-

{kf=;ke/;s ejkBs ;srkr- ejkB;kae/;sgh 96 dqGs izfl/n gksrh- czkEg.kkaizek.ksp ejkB;kae/;s ns[khy mPp

uhp vlk Hksn gksrk- oS’; gh egkjk‛Vªkrhy O;kikjh lekt gksrk- xqtjkr o dukZVdkrwu vkysY;k

O;kikÚ;kacjkscjp egkjk‛Vªkrhy ok.kh lektgh ;k oS’; oxkZr eksMrks- cyqrsnkjh i/nrh uqlkj lektgh

xkoxkM;krhy lsok ns.kkjk oxZ Eg.kwu ‘kqnz vksG[kys tkrkr- ojhy o.kkZuqlkj fof’k‛V tkrhuka fof’k‛V

O;olk;kph eDrsnkjh feGkyh gksrh- o.kZO;oLFksps dkykarjkus tkrhO;oLFksr :ikarj >kys-

bLyke /keZ &

f’kodkyhu lektkr bLyke /kfeZ;kaps ns[khy vfLrRo gksrs- eqfLye lektkr dqjk.k o e’khn

;k xks‛Vh /kkfeZd thoukr egRokP;k gksR;k- uekt iM.ks o ,df=r izkFkZuk dj.ks ;k xks‛Vhauk egRo gksrs-

N=irh f’kokth egkjktkauh vkfny’kkgh ljnkjkapk ijkHko djhr R;kaP;k dkgh izns’kkr ejkB;kaps LojkT;

fuekZ.k dsys gksrs- R;keqGs ;k izns’kkr eqfLyekaps vfLrRo fVdwu jkg.ks lkgftdp gksrs- f’kokth

egkjktkauh vkiY;k LojkT;kr uksdjh vFkok nku/keZ djrkuk fganw&eqfLye vlk HksnHkko dsyk ukgh-

R;keqGs gk lekt LojkT;krhy xkoxkM;kpk vfoHkkT; ?kVd cuyk gksrk- eqfLyekaP;k /kkehZd ijaijk]

pkyhjhrh fganwis{kk osxG;k vlY;k rjh eqfLyekae/khy eqyk.kh] Qdhj] fLkÌh] njos’kh] vRrkj ;kalkj[;k

tkrh iksVtkrh fganw lektk’kh o xkoxkM;k’kh lejl >kY;k gksR;k- N=irh f’kokth egkjktkauh

LojkT;krhy ef’knhe/;s fnokcRrhph lks; dsyh gksrh- ikVxkops ekSyohckck] bankiwjps dk>h]

HkkacoM;kps f[knenxkj] dsG’khps ckck ;kdwr ;kauk egkjktkauh /kkehZd dkj.kkalkBh bukes pkyw Bsoyh

gksrh-

tSu /keZ &

f’kodkGkr oS’; Eg.kwu vksG[kyk tk.kkjk o O;kikjh vlysyk gk oxZ LojkT;kr fLFkjkoyk

tkow ykxyk gksrk- dkiM nqdkunkj] fdjk.kk Hkqlkjokys cgqrsd tSu /kehZ; vlY;kps vk<Grs-

f’kodkGkrhy tSu yksd fganw /kekZpkp Hkkx Eg.kwu LojkT;kr okojrkuk fnlrkr- ek= R;kauh vkiY;k

/kkehZd ijaijk o pkyhfjrh fVdowu BsoysY;k gksR;k- xqtjkr o mRrjsdMhy ;k oxkZyk LojkT;kr

clfo.;klkBh f’kodkGkr y{k fnys xsys gksrs-

brj /keZ &

RkRdkyhu lektkr ckS/n o f[kz’pu /kekZps n s[khy vfLrRo gksrs- ek= la[;sus rs vR;ar ux.;

gksrs- ;k /kekZapk f’kodkGkrhy LojkT;koj Qkjlk izHkko iMysyk fnlr ukgh-

8-3-2 f’kodkGkrhy /kkehZd ijaijk &

egkjk‛Vªkrhy /kkehZd thou ozroSdY;] l.k&mRlo] ;k=k] rhFkZLFkGs ;kaP;k Hkksorh dasanzhr gksrs-

/kekZps usr`Ro dj.kkjh O;oLFkk dks.kkykgh /kekZr gLr{ksi d: nsr uOgrh- ijes’oj o loZ lkekU; ek.kwl

;kr e/;LFk fuekZ.k >kys gksrs- ikiiq.;kaP;k ladYiuk eB] eafnj] /keZLFkGs ;kaP;k’kh tksMY;k xsY;k

gksR;k- fganw /keZ vusd tkrh&iksVtkrhae/;s foHkkxyk xsyk gksrk- egknso] x.kirh] Jhjke] guqeku]

JhÑ‛.k] foðy] egky{eh] Hkokuhekrk ;kf’kok; [kaMksck] dkyHkSjo] T;ksfrck] cfgjksck] xzkenSors b-

nsonsorkaph eafnjs gksrh- ;k nsonsorkaP;k ok‛khZd ;k=k] t=k Hkjr vlr-

153

N=irh f’kokth egkjktkauh vkIkY;k lSU;kr o iz’kklukr nksUgh /kekZP;k o fofo/k tkrhikrhP;k

yksdkauk drZcxkjhuqlkj lkekowu ?ksrys gksrs- tnqukFk ljdkjkaP;k ers ^^,sdesdkaoj fu;a=.k Bso.;klkBh

ukgh rj ,desdkae/khy tkrh; HksnHkko lksM.;kl la/kh nsowu ,dk jk‛Vªh; /;s;klkBh R;kauk ,df=r

vk.k.;kdfjrk ;kstysyk ,d dq’ky o prqj mik; gksrk**-

8-3-3 N=irh f’kokth egkjktkaps /kkehZd /kksj.k &

N=irh f’kokth egkjktkauh vkiY;k jkT;kr /kkehZd lfg‛.kwrsps /kksj.k fLodkjys gksrs- f’kokth

egkjktkaps R;kaP;k iwoZtkaizek.ksp eqfLye /kekZyk fojks/k u djrk] lektkr lekowu ?ks.;kps /kksj.k fnlrs-

vkiY;k LojkT;kr uksdjh nsrkuk vFkok nku/keZ djhr vlrkuk R;kauh fganw&eqlyeku vlk HksnHkko

dsyk ukgh- fganwP;k nsoGkauk] eBkauk vfHk‛ksdklkBh] iqtkvpsZlkBh mnkj gLrs ns.kX;k fnY;k rj

ef’knhrhy fnokcRRkhph vkf.k rsFkhy yksdkaP;k ;ksx{ksekph lks; dsyh

N=irh f’kokth egkjktkaP;k lSU;kr egRokP;k inkoaj o tckcnkÚ;kaoj vusd eqfLye yksdgh

gksrs- f’kokth egkjktkaps vaxj{kd enkjh esgRrj] bczkfge [kku] vkjekj izeq[k nkSyr[kku gs eqlyeku

gksrs- f’kokth egkjktkauh 1679 e/;s dk>h gSnj ;k odhykyk vkSjaxtsckdMs rgkph cksy.kh

dj.;klkBh ikBfoys gksrs- ;ko:u N=irh f’kokth egkjkt /kkehZd vFkok jktdh; {ks=kr xq.koRrsyk

egRo nsr gksrs-

/kekZarjkckcr egkjktkaps /kksj.k iqjksxkeh Lo:ikps gksrs- usrkth ikydj ;kauh eqfLye /keZ

fLodkjY;kuarj dkgh dkGkus R;kauk i’pkrki >kY;kuarj R;kauk iqUgk fganw /kekZr ijr ?ksrys- ef’kn]

dqjk.k] fL=;k ;kapk voeku lSfudkauh djrk dkek u;s vlk naMd egkjktkauh ?kkywu fnyk gksrk] vls

[kkQh[kku gk eksxy bfrgkldkj lkaxrks- tnwukFk ljdkj ;kauh fj;klrdkj xks- l- ljnslkbZuk fygysY;k

i=kr EgVys vkgs dh] ^f’kokth egkjktkaph /kkehZd lfg‛.kwrk g s R;k dkGkrhy ¼e/;;qxkrhy½ ,d

vk’p;Z vkgs* ¼Wondar in that Age½

8-3-4 egkjk‛Vª /keZ &

vQ>y[kkukP;k LokjhP;k osGh ekoGP;k ns’keq[kkauk la?kfVr dj.;kpk iz;Ru N=irh f’kokth

egkjktkauh dsyk- ;k ns’keq[kkaleksj ^egkjk‛Vª jkT;kph* dYiuk ekaMyh gksrh] ts/ks djh.;kr ;k laca/khpk

mYys[k vk<Grks- ;k egkjk‛Vª jkT;kpk /keZ ns[khy ^egkjk‛Vª /keZ* Eg.kwu vksG[kyk tkr gksrk- f’kokth

egkjktkaps LojkT; fuekZ.k dj.;kps vkf.k LojkT;kps lkezkT;kr :ikarj dj.;kps eksBs lkeF;Z ;k

ladYiuse/;s vkgs- ejkB;kaP;k jktdh; pGoGhyk /kkehZd vf/k‛Bku ^egkjk‛Vª /keZ* ;k ladYiusus izkIr

d:u fnys- U;k;eqrhZ e- xks- jkuMs ;kaP;kers ^fopkj vkf.k Ñrh ;k nksUgh ckcrhr jk‛Vªkyk mPp

ikrGhoj us.;kpk iz;Ru dj.kkjk /keZ Eg.kts ^egkjk‛Vª /keZ* gks;*- N=irh f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dkGkr

f’kxsyk iksgpysyh jktdh; pGoG Eg.kts mH;k egkjk‛Vªªkr R;kp osGh lq: vlysY;k /kkfeZd

pGoGhps izfrfcacp gksrs- lar Kkus’ojkapk dkG rs 18 O;k ‘krdki;Zar /kkfeZd ijaijk] lekt

,dhdj.kkph okjdjh ijaijk gs ;k pGoGhps oSf’k‛V;s gks;- bfrgklkpk;Z fo- dk- jktokMs ;kaP;kers fganw

/keZ $ /keZ LFkkiuk $xksczkEg.k izfrikyu ¾LojkT; LFkkiuk $ ,dhdj.k $ /kqjhdjh.k ¾ egkjk‛Vª /keZ-

jktokMs ;kaP;k ers] ^T;k T;k izns’kkr ejkB;kauh oLrh dsyh R;k R;k izns’kkyk egkjk‛Vª Eg.kwu

vksG[kys tkow ykxys- jktokMs /kekZPkh ,d O;k[;k ^drZO;* v’kh djrkr- o ejkB;kaP;k drZO;kyk

154

^egkjk‛Vª /keZ* Eg.krkr- egkjk‛Vª /keZ gh ladYiuk ikjaikfjd /kekZlkj[kh ukgh- ;k ladYiusps lanHkZ

fujfujkG;k dky[kaMkr Cknyrkuk vk<Grkr-

8-3-5 N=irh f’kokth egkjktkaP;k /kkfeZd /kksj.kkph oSf’k‛V;s &

1½ /kkfeZd lfg‛.kwrk & N=irhauh loZ /kfeZ;kauk iz’kklukr la/kh fnyh gksrh- izR;sd /kekZaP;k O;Drhyk

vkikiY;k /kekZps ikyu dj.;kpk gDd gksrk- f’kodkGkr d/khgh ejkB;kauh brj /kehZa;kph frFkZLFkGs

yqVyh ukghr vFkok rksMQksM dsyh ukgh- ,danj f’kokth egkjktkaps /kkehZd /kksj.k gs lfg‛.kwrsps gksrs-

2½ [kkQh[kkukps er& f’kokth egkjktkauh vkSj aaxtsckyk ikBfoysY;k i=kr ^loZ /kekZrhy yksd gs

lkj[ksp vlrkr] dks.kR;kgh /kekZP;k O;Drhyk brj /kekZP;k O;DrhP;k thorkyk gkuh iksgpfo.;kpk

vf/kdkj ulrks] vls fygys gksrs- Lor% N=irh f’kokth egkjktkauh vk;q‛;Hkj g;k rRokaps ikyu

dsY;kps [kkQh[kku ;k ys[kdkus EgVys vkgs-

3½ N=irhaph ftf>;k djkalaca/kh Hkwfedk& vkSjaxtsc ckn’kgkus ftf>;k dj iqUgk lq: dsY;kaurj

f’kokth egkjktkauh i= ikBowu ^vdcj ckn’kgkus loZ /kfeZ;kauk lekusrsph okx.kwd fnyh gksrh- vdcj

ckn’kgkus ftf>;k dj jÌ~ dsyk- rsp /kksj.k tgk¡fxj o ‘kgktgku ;kauhgh pkyw Bsoys- ;kpk mYys[k

d:u R;k i=kr ^rqepk tj ifo= xzaFk vkf.k dqjk.kkoj fo’okl vlsy rj R;kr bZ’ojkps o.kZu

jc&my&vkyfeu Eg.kts loZ yksdkapk bZ’oj- rks jc Eg.kts dsoG eqfLyekapk bZ’oj ukgh- ef’knhr

vFkok eafnjkr R;kphp vkjk/kuk dsyh tkrs*- vls fygys gksrs-

4½ lk/kq] lar] Qfdj ;kapk vknj& fganw larkcjkscjp eqfLye] Qdhj] ekSyoh] f[kz’pu /keZxq:auk

jktkJ; fnyk- R;kaP;k iqtk vpkZ o /kkfeZd dk;kZLkkBh nku/keZ o bukeh tehuh fnY;kph mnkgj.ks

fnlrkr- ppZps lja{k.k dj.;kps opu iksrqZxht jsOgjaM ;kauk fnys gksrs-

5½ /keZLFkGkauk vuqnkus& eafnjkizek.ks loZ /keZLFkGkauk egkjkt nku nsr vlr- vusd ekSyohauk N=irh

f’kokth egkjktkauh bukes fnY;kps mYys[k vk<Grkr- ef’knh] ppZ ok eafnjkapk [kpZ pkykok ;klkBh

bukeh tehuh fnY;kph mnkgj.ks feGrkr-

6½ /kkfeZd va/kJ/nkuk Fkkjk ukgh

e/;;qxhu dkGkrhy pqdhP;k :<h ijaijk N=irhauh eksMhr dk<Y;k- tyi;ZVukyk vlysyh

/kkfeZd canh eksMwu vkjekj mHkkjys- {kf=; oa’kkpk uk’k >kY;kph dYiukgh eksMwu dk<yh- f’kokth

egkjktkauh vekoL;sP;k fno’khgh eksfgek dk<Y;kph mnkgj.ks feGrkr- lrh izFksyk f’kokth egkjkatkuh

fojks/k dsyk- jktekrk fttkckbZauk lrh tk.;kiklwu jks[kys-

7½ /keZ ‘kq/nhdj.k & ,[kkn;k fganw /kkfeZ; O;Drhus ij/keZ fLodkjyk vlsy o R;kyk i’pkrki gksowu

iqUgk /kekZr ;s.;kph bZPNk vlsy rj R;kyk iqUgk /kekZr ?ksowu ‘kq/nhdj.k dsys- tcjnLrhus CkkVoysY;k

fganwuk ‘kq/n d:u Lo/kekZr ?ks.ks gk Økarhdkjd fu.kZ; f’kokth egkjktkauh ?ksryk-

8½ loZ /kfeZ; o tkrh;kauk la/kh & f’kokth egkjktkauh vkIkY;k lSU;kr o iz’kklukr loZ tkrh o

/kekZaP;k yksdkauk lkekowu ?ksrys gksrs- dsoG {kf=;kaukp la/kh u nsrk ‘kqnz] oS’; o czkEg.k ;kaukgh

lSU;ke/;s o iz’kklukr lkekowu ?ksrys- vusd fdY;kaojhy fdYysnkj ‘kqnz tkrhrhy useys-

155

xkoxkM;krhy ikVhydh gh vusd tkrhrhy yksdkauk fnyh gksrh- o.kZO;oLFkk tUekoj vk/kkfjr gksrh-

rh xq.kdekZoj dj.;kpk iz;Ru f’kodkGkr >kyk-

9½ ejkB;kaph O;ogkj furh o /keZfurh& N=irh f’kokth egkjktkauh /keZfurhyk vf/kd egRo fnys-

egkjktkauh /keZfurh o O;ogkjfurh ,d= dsyh ukgh- egkjktkauh LojkT; mHkkj.kh djrkuk] j;rsP;k

dY;k.kkyk egRo nsrkuk /kkehZd pkyhfjrh] ijaijk tiY;k- ‘kkfgLrs[kkuk ojhy NkI;kP;k osGh O;ogkj

furhyk egRo fnY;kps fnlrs-

10½ iztkfgrn{k o yksddY;k.kdkjh jktk %& ;q/ndkGkr fdaok eksfgekaP;k osGh brj /kekZP;k iztsyk

=kl nsow u;s v’kh lDr rkdhn vkiY;k lSU;kyk egkjktkauh fnyh gksrh- ;q/n osGh ij/kehZ; L=h;k]

/kkehZd LFkGs] /kkehZd xzaFk ;kapk vknj Bsokok- ejkB;kauh ;q/n o /keZ ;kaP;kr d/khgh ljfelG dsyh

ukgh- FkksMD;kr N=irh f’kokth egkjkt o R;kaps okjl yksddY;k.kdkjh ‘kkld gksrs-

8-3-6 l.k lekjaHk &

f’kodkyhu /kkehZd thoukrhy l.k lekjaHk] mRlo] ;k=k] t=kae/kqu lkaLÑfrd vfo‛dkj gh

Li‛V gksr vlrkr- f’kodkGkr nsonsorkaP;k mRlokizek.ks l.k&lekjaHk ;k=k&t=k eksB;k izek.kkr

lktÚ;k dsY;k tkr- gs mRlo lktjs dj.;ke/kwu lkekftd ,SD; fuekZ.k gks.;kl enr gksr vlrs-

v½ f’kodkGkr lktjs dsys tk.kkjs fofo/k l.k

1½ xq<hikMok & pS= efg.;krhy ifgyk fnol fganw dkyx.kusuqlkj ufou o‛kkZpk ifgyk fnol Eg.kts

xqMhikMok gk l.k vkgs- lkMsrhu eqgwrkZaiSdh gk l.k vkgs- ;k fno’kh eaxy dk;kZph lqjokr dsyh tkrs-

pS= efg.;krhy ifgY;k fnolkph lqjokr xq<;k mHkk:u o rksj.ks mHkk:u dsyh tkr vls-

f’kodkGkrgh uohu eksghekaph lqjokr ikMO;kP;k fno’kh dj.;kph i/nr gksrh-

2½ vk‛kk<h ,dkn’kh& lar Kkus’ojkaiklwu lq: >kysY;k okjdjh iaFkkP;k vkGanh ia<jiqjph okjhph

vk‛kk<h ,dkn’kh fno’kh ia<jiqjkr lkaxrk gksr s- ejkBh ek.klkps nSor vlysys foðy eafnj ia<jiqjkr

vlY;kus gtkjks&yk[kks yksd ;k oS‛.ko tukaP;k esG;kr lgHkkxh gksr vlr- gk lksgGk lkekftd

,SD;kps eksBs mnkjg.k vkgs-

3½ iksGk& Jko.kkrhy n’kZ vekoL;syk iksGk gk l.k lktjk dsyk tkrks- iksGk gk ‘ksrdÚ;kapk l.k

vkgs- iksG;kP;k fno’kh cSykauk ltfoys tkbZ- xkokae/kqu cSykaph oktr xktr fejo.kwd dk<yh tkbZ-

;k l.kkfno’kh ikVykps cSy fejo.kwdhr iq<s vlr- egkjk‛Vªkr osxosxG;k ijx.;kr fdaok izkarkr CkSy

iksGk osxosxG;k efg.;kr lktjk dj.;kph i/nr fnlrs-

4½ nljk& vkf’ou ‘kq/n uoehyk fdaok n’kehyk nljk gk lu lktjk dsyk tkrks- nlÚ;kP;k fno’kh

jkekus jko.kkoj fot; feGfoyk gksrk- N=irh f’kokth egkjktkauh ;k fno’kh ;q/n eksfgekaoj fu?k.;kph

izFkk lq: dsyh- ;k fno’kh ‘kL=kaph o gR;kjkaph iqtk dsyh tkr vls- nljk gk lkMsrhu eqgwrkZaiSdh ,d

eqgwrZ vlY;kus ‘kqHk dk;Z lq: dj.;klkBh gk fnol egRokpk ekuyk tkbZ-

5½ fnokGh& vf’ou ,dkn’khiklwu gk l.k lq: gksowu dkfrZd fOnrh;k Ik;Zar gk fnokGh l.k lktjk

dsyk tkrks- [ksMksikM;kr ?kjks?kjh gk l.k lktjk dssyk tkrks- gk l.k izdk’kkpk vkuankpk Eg.kwu lktjk

dsyk tkrks- vkdk’k dafny o fnO;kaP;k izdk’kke/;s gk l.k lktjk djrkr- fnokGh l.kke/;s olqckjl]

156

/ku=;ksn’kh] ujdprqZn’khZ] y{ehiqtu] fnokGh ikMok fdaok cfyizfrink] o HkkÅcht gs l.k lktjs dsys

tkrkr- dqVqackrhy o ukR;krhy lokZauh ,df=r ;sÅu gk l.k lktjk dj.;kph izFkk vkgs- f’kodkGkr

y‛djh o iz’kklukr dke dj.kkjs lSfud gk l.k ,d= ;sowu lktjk djr gksrs-

6½ edj laØkr& ikS‛k Ñ‛.k n’kehyk edj laØkarh gk l.k lktjk dsyk tkrks- ,sdesdkae/khy Lusg

laca/k o`/nhxr Ogkok ;klkBh rhGxqG ns.;kph izFkk gksrh- oMhy /kkÚ;k O;Drhus ygkukauk rhGxqG

ns.;kph gh izFkk vkgs- N=irh vkiY;k ljnkjkauk vxR;iwoZd u foljrk frGxqG ikBfor vlr-

7½ gksGh ¹f’kexk& QkYxqu ikSf.kZesyk gksGh gk l.k lktjk dsyk tkrks- ‘ksrdÚ;kaP;k n`f‛Vus lqxhyk

ykxwu ;s.kkjk gk yksdfiz; l.k Eg.kts gksGh- [ksM;kikM;kr eksB;k mRlkgkr gk l.k lktjk dsyk tkrks-

lqxh laiY;kus lektkr lqcRrk vlrkuk gkSlekSt fojaxqGk Eg.kwu f’kexk gk l.k lktjk dsyk tkbZ-

[ksM;kikM;krhy ;k=k f’kexk rs ikMok ;k njE;ku Hkjfo.;kpk iz?kkr vkgs- [ksM;kae/;s ;k fno’kh

euksjatuklkBh lksaxs] ukpxk.ks dqLR;kaps vk[kMs vls dk;ZØe vk;ksftr dsys tkr vlr- xkoksxkoh

lkoZtfud o oS;fDrd gksGh isVoyh tkbZ- lkeqfgd gksGh isVfo.;kpk eku xkokP;k ikVykyk vls-

8½ jaxiapeh& fganw dkyx.kusuqlkj o‛kkZrhy ‘ksoVpk l.k QkYxqu Ñ‛.k iapehyk jaxiapeh lktjh dsyh

tkr vls- /kqyoMhiklwu jaxiapeh Ik;Zar jaxkpk gk [ksG [ksG.;kph izFkk gksrh- fnolk jaxkph jsypsy o

jk=h dje.kqdhpk dk;ZØe] vlk mRlkgkr gk l.k lktjk dsyk tkr gksrk- jaxiapeh lktjs djr

vlY;kps f’kodkGkrhy Qkj iqjkos vk<Gr ukghr- ek= es.kkoyh nIrjkr is’kos dkGkrhy mYys[k

;srkr-

c½ nsonsorkaps mRlo o ;k=k%&

ojhy l.kkaO;frfjDr f’kodkGkr ;k=k o mRlo lktjs dsys tkr vlr-

1½ rqGtk Hkokuhpk mRlo & N=irh f’kokth egkjkt rqGtk Hkokuhyk vkiys vkjk/; nSor ekuhr-

uojk=hP;k dkGkr rqGtkiwjyk mRlo Hkjr vls- ;k f’kok; ?kVLFkkiusiklwu eaxGokj] iksf.kZek]

xqMhikMok] cfyizfrink ;k fno’khgh yksd nsohP;k n’kZuklkBh rqGtkiwjyk tkr vlr- ;k fno’kh rsFks

mRlop Hkjr vls-

2½ egky{ehpk mRlo& f’kodkGkr vkf’ou iksf.kZesl egky{ehpk mRlo gksr vls- dksYgkiwj]

vkacstkxkbZ] vkSa/k ;k fBdk.kh egky{ehph eafnjs vkgsr- LojkT;krhy vusd ?kjk.;kaph gh dqynSork

vkgs- pS=h iksf.kZek] uojk=] fnokGh ;k fno’kh ;sFks mRlo Hkjr vlr- v’kk mRlokr [kwi eksB;k

la[;sus yksd lgHkkxh gksr vlr-

3½ f’koksikluk& izkphu dkGkiklwu egkjk‛Vªkrhy ejkBh yksd f’kokph iqtk djhr vkys vkgsr- 12

tksfrfyZaxkiSdh 5 tksfrfyZaxs egkjk‛Vªkr vkgsr- fHkek’kadj] «;acds’oj] vkSa<k ukxukFk] ijGh oSatukFk]

?k`‛.ks’oj ;kf’kok; T;ksfrck nsokps dksYgkiwjkrhy LFkku gsgh f’kokph LFkkus Eg.kwu vksG[kyh tkrkr-

;kf’kok; fojHknz] HkSjoukFk] [kMkasck bR;knh f’kokP;k :ikaukgh egROk vkgs- njo‛khZ xkoksxkoh HkSjo

ukFkkP;k ;k=k Hkjr vlr-

4½ jkeuoeh] guqeku t;arh&

157

f’kodkGkr jkekph o guqekukph eafnjs xkoksxkoh cka/kyh xsyh- cyksikl.kslkBh xkoksxkoh vk[kkMs

r;kj dsys xsys- jke o guqekukP;k t;aR;k eksB;k mRlkgkr lktÚ;k dsY;k tkr- ?kjks?kjh x.ks’k LFkkiuk

dsyh tkr vls-

5½ vk‛kk<h& dkfrZdh ia<jiwj ;k=k& egkjk‛Vªkps vkjk/; nSor vlysY;k Jh foðykps HkDrt.k laiw.kZ

egkjk‛Vªkr vkgsr- lektkrhy czkEg.kkaiklwu ‘kqnzkai;Zar loZ Hkkfod foðykyk vkjk/; nSor ekurkr-

njo‛khZ vk‛kk<h & dkfrZdh ,dkn’khyk larkpk vkf.k Hkkfodkapk eksBk esGkok ia<jiwjyk Hkjhr vls-

vkGanh rs ia<jiwj ;k okjhyk yk[kks HkDrtu lgHkkxh gksrkr- egkjk‛Vªkrhy loZ tkrh /kekZrhy yksd ;k

okjhr vkuankus o HkDrhHkkokus lgHkkxh gksr vlr- ;keqGs LojkT;kr /kkehZd o lkekftd ,drsps

okrkoj.k r;kj dsys-

6½ [kaMksckP;k ;k=k o mRlo &

egkjk‛Vªkrhy cgqtu lektkps dqynSor Eg.kts [kaMksck egkjk‛Vªkrhy /kuxj] vkxjh o ejkBk

lektkps rs dqynSor ekuys tkrs- ;kp izek.ks jkeks’kh] dksGh] ekax ;k tekrh [kaMksckph mikluk djhr

vlr- paik‛k‛Bh gk [kaMksckpk dqy/kekZpk fnol ekuyk tkrks- tstqjh] ikyh ;sFks gk mRlo eksBk izek.kkr

lktjk gksrks-

7½ xkoksxkoP;k t=k o ;k=k &

f’kodkGkr f’kexk rs IkkMok ;k dkGkr xkoksxkoh /kkehZd ;k=k o t=k HkjfoY;k tkr vlr-

;k dkGkr fnolk /kkehZd mRlo rj jk=h euksjatukps dk;ZØe gksr vlr- lksaxs] ukpxk.ks] fonq‛kd]

lkiokys] urZdh] xk:Mh] tknwxkj vls vusd yksd vkIkY;k dykxq.kkaps n’kZu lektkyk ?kMohr

vlrkr- xkoksxkoh dqLR;k] cSyxkM;kaP;k ‘k;Zrh ;kaps vk;kstu dsys tkbZ- ;k ;k=kaps vkd‛kZ.k Eg.kts

rsFkhy cktkj] ;k cktkjkr vusd izdkjpsvkfFkZd O;ogkj gksr vlr- oLrw fod.;klkBh vusd foØrs

;sr vlr-

fofo/k l.k lekjaHkke/kwu enkZuh [ksG dj.;kph izFkk f’kodkGkr gksrh- ;k /kkfeZd l.k

lekjaHkkrwu lkaLÑfrd vfo‛dkj izdVhdj.k Eg.kts dY;k.kdkjh jktoVhps o lkekftd izxrhps ‘kkarrsps

izfrd vkgs-

LkjkoklkBh iz’u

[kkyhy iz’ukaph mRrjs 400 ‘kCnkr fygk-

1½ f’kodkyhu xkoxkM;kfo‛k;h lfoLrj ekfgrh fygk-

2½ xkokrhy oru laLFksrhy pkj ?kVd fygk-

3½ f’kodkyhu lektthoukr fL=;kaps LFkku Li‛V djk-

4½ N=irh f’kokth egkjktkaps /kkehZd /kksj.k lkaxqu R;kph oSf’k‛V;s fygk-

5½ f’kodkGkrhy lkekftd thoukfo‛k;h lfoLrj ekfgrh fygk-

158

fVik fygk-

1½ ^xkoxkMk*

2½ xkoxkM;krhy izeq[k lRrkaph

3½ xkoxkM;krhy orunkj

4½ ^orunkjkaps* xkoxkM;krhy egRo

5½ xkoxkM;krhy cyqrsnkj i/nr

6½ ns’keq[kkaps orunkjkae/khy LFkku

7½ ejkBk dkGkrhy fookg i/nrh

8½ ^L=h & thoukrhy* leL;k

9½ f’kodkGkrhy /kkehZd ijaijk

10½ f’kokth egkjktkaps /kkehZd /kksj.k -

vf/kd okpuklkBh iqLrds

1- v=s f=a- uk-] xkoxkMk]

2- vkBoys lnkf’ko] f’kokth o f’ko;qx]

3- jko o- nh- (laik-)] vkKki=

4- ns’kikaMs v- ua- (laik-)] vkKki=]

5- dqyd.khZ v- jk-] [kjs x- g- (laik-)] ejkB;kapk bfrgkl [kaM 1] - 6- ljnslkbZ ch- ,u] ejkB;kapk lkekftd]vkfFkZd o lkaLd`frd bfrgkl]

7- dqyd.khZ v- jk-] MkW- ns’kikaMs iz- u-] ejkB;kapk bfrgkl Hkkx ifgyk]

8- ns’keq[k ‘kkjnk]f’ko’kkghrhy o is’kokbZrhy L=hthou]

9- fpV.khl d`- uk- e/;;qxhu Hkkjrh; ladYiuk o laLFkk-

10- esganGs xtkuu HkkLdj] Jh jktk f’koN=irh Hkkx 1] 11. Sen S. N., Administrative System of the Marathas,

159

bfrgkl& ,Q-ok;-ch-,- % f’kokth o f’kodky

izdj.k 9 os vkfFkZd thou

9-1 ‘ksrh o tehu eglwy /kksj.k

9-1-1 tehu ekst.kh

9-1-2 lkjk vkdkj.kh

9-1-3 N=irh f’kokth egkjktkaP;k ‘ksrh lq/kkj ;kstuk

9-1-4 tehu eglwy lq/kkj.kkaph oSf’k‛V;s

9-2 mRiUukph lk/kus

9-2-1 pkSFkkbZ

9-2-2 ljns’keq[kh

9-2-3 f’kodkGkrhy brj dj

9-3 O;kikj o mn;ksx O;olk;

9-3-1 O;kikj

9-3-2 N=irhaps O;kikjfo‛k;d /kksj.k-

9-3-3 f’kodkyhu O;kikjh dsanz

9-3-4 f’kodkyhu mn;ksx/kans

9-4- pyui/nrh

9-4-1 f’kodkGkrhy miYkC/k uk.kh-

9-4-2 brj uk.kh-

izLrkouk %& e/;;qxkr ‘ksrh vkf.k O;kikj egkjk‛Vªkrhy j;rspk tx.;kpk vk/kkj gksrk- 17

O;k ‘krdkr egkjk‛Vªkrhy vkfFkZd thou gs ‘ksrh o ‘ksrhoj vk/kkfjr mn;ksxkaoj vk/kkjysys

gksrs- ‘ksrh gkp xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkspk d.kk gksrk- ;k dkGkr xkoxkM;kps thou ‘ksrh Hkksorh

dsafnzr >kys gksrs- f’kodkGkr ^[ksMs* fdaok ^xko* Lo;aiw.kZ gksrh- [ksMsxkokrhy loZ

O;kolkf;d]dkjkxhj] ‘ksrdjh ,desdkaoj voyacwu gksrs-

f’kodkGkr tehu eglwy gh jkT;kP;k mRiUuke/;s ,d egRokph mRiUukph ckc gksrh- efyd

vacjus lq: dsysY;k tehu eglwy i/nrh izek.ksp ;k dkGkr gh tehu eglwy fuf’pr dsyk

160

tkr vls- ;k iwokZikj tehu eglwy i/nrhr N=irh f’kokth egkjktkauh cny ?kMowu vk.kys-

R;kauh gh i/nrh ‘ksrdÚ;akP;k fgrklkBh dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk-

9-1 ‘ksrh o tehu eglwy /kksj.k

f’kodkyhu jkT;kP;k mRiUukph lk/kus

1½ tehu eglwy pkSFkkbZ ljns’keq[kh brj dj

v½ ihd fugk; lkjk v½ izR;{k dj

c½ tfeuhP;k izdkjkuqlkj lkjk c½ vizR;{k dj

9-1-1 tehu ekst.kh %&

N=irh f’kokth egkjktkauh tehu eglwy fuf’pr dj.;klkBh jkT;krhy loZ tfeuhph ekst.kh

djowu ?ksryh- tfeuhP;k ekst.khlkBh ^f’kodkBh* fdaok ^f’ko’kkgh dkBhpk* okij dj.;kr ;sr vls-

;k f’kodkBh ps eki ikp gkr vkf.k ikp eqBh] vls gksrs- ,d gkr 14 rlwapk o 82 rlwaph ,d

^f’kodkBh* vls gs eki gksrs- v’kk 20 vkSjl pkSjl dkB;kapk ,d fc|k ekstyk tkr vls- 120

fc|kapk ,d pkoj v’kk i/nrhus tfeuhph ekst.kh dsyh tkr gksrh- v’kk i/nrhus tfeuhph ekst.kh

dj.;kyk pkoj.kh] fc?kko.kh fdaok pdoknh vlsgh Eg.kr- f’kodkGkr LojkT;krhy ekst.kh vuqØes

nknkth dksaMnso] eksjksiar fiaxGs] vk..kkth nRrks ;kaP;k usr`Rok[kkyh rhuosGk dj.;kr vkyh- tfeuhph

ekst.kh dj.;klkBh vehu] dkVdj] dkjdqu vls vf/kdkjh useys tkr- R;kauk jktkdMwu osru feGs-

xkokrhy ,dw.k tehu fdrh] R;krhy fidkÅ tehu fdrh] o iMhd fdrh ;kph uksan gs vf/kdkjh

djhr gksrs- MkW- v- jk- dqyd.khZ ;kaP;k ers f’kodkGkr tfeuhps vOoy ¼mRd‛V½] nqe ¼e/;e½] oktaV

fdaok lhe Eg.kts dfu‛B vls izdkj lkaafxrys vkgsr- mRiknu {kersuqlkj tfeuhph izrokjh dsyh tkr

vls-

EkkstysY;k fidkÅ tfeuhoj eglwykph vkdkj.kh dsyh tkbZ- ;kf’kok; ykxoMh[kkyh vlysY;k

tfeuhr dks.krs ihd ?ksrys tkrs- o‛kkZr ,d fdaok nksu fids ?ksryh vkgsr dk\ ;kph ekfgrh ?ksryh

tkbZ- ;kyk ^ihd ikg.kh* vls Eg.kr vlr- izR;sd xkoP;k o ijx.;kP;k v’kk uksanh ?ksrY;k tkr o

R;kuqlkj lkjk vkdkj.kh fuf’pr dsyh tkbZ-

9-1-2 f’kodkyhu lkjk vkdkj.kh &

LojkT;krhy lkjk ¼tehu eglwy½ fuf’prh dj.;klkBh N=irh f’kokth egkjktkauh loZd‛k

fopkj d:u tehu eglwykps /kksj.k Bjfoys gksrs-

1½ ‘ksrlkjk gk ykxoMh [kkyhy tfeuhojp vkdkjyk tkr vls- rj iM tehuhoj dks.krkgh

lkjk vkdkjyk tkr uls-

2½ Tkfeuhph oxZOkkjh d:u R;kuqlkj ‘ksrlkjk vkdkjyk tkr vls-ihd fugk; ‘ksrlkjk Bjfoyk

tkr vls- uxnh fidkaoj ‘ksrlkjk vf/kd vls- ;kckcr j;rspsgh er fopkjkr ?ksrys tkr

vls-

161

lk/kkj.kr% tfeuhrhy mRiknukiSdh nksu iapeka’k Hkkx jkT;kyk- tehu eglwyke/kqu feGr vls-

ek= R;ke/;sgh ,[kknh tehu uO;kus ykxoMh[kkyh vk.k.kkÚ;k ‘ksrdÚ;kyk loyrh feGr vlr- xjhc

‘ksrdÚ;kauk cSYk] fc;k.ks iqjfoys tkr- nq‛dkG izalxh ‘ksrdÚ;kauk fo’ks‛k enr fnyh tkbZ- ‘ksrlkjk ekQ

dsyk tkbZ-

f’kokth egkjktkauh lkjk vkdkj.khlkBh ihdfugk; lkjk o tfeuhP;k izdkjkuqlkj lkjk vkdkj.khps

rRo Lohdkjys gksrs-

v½ ihd fugk; lkjk &f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dkGkr fidkaoj lkjk vkdkj.;kph i/nrh gksrh- mnk &

1½ Hkkthikyk & okaxh] dkans] jrkGh ;kalkj[;k uxnh fidkaoj izR;sd fc?;kl nksu gksu rj

eksVLFkGklkBh nhM gksu brdk lkjk ?ksryk tkbZ-

2½ rkanwG & vOoy tfeuhr izR;sd fc?;kyk ngk e.k] e/;e tfeuhrwu vkB e.k lkjk olwy

?ksryk tkbZ-

3½ laqB& ikVLFkGkojhy izR;sd fc?;kl rhu gksu rj eksVLFkGkojhy laqBhoj nksu gksu lkjk olwy

dsyh tkr vls-

4½ Ål & ikVLFkG Ålkoj izR;sd fc?;kl vMhp gksu vkf.k eksVLFkG Ålkoj nksu gksu brdk

lkjk vkdkjyk tkr vls-

f’kodkGkr izR;{k ‘ksrlkjk gk fidkP;k 2@5¼ikpnqbZ½ brdk ?ksrY;kps vk<Gwu ;srs-

c½ tfeuhP;k izdkjkuqlkj lkjk vkdkj.kh &

1½ dkGh tehu& th tehu ‘ksrhlkBh okijyh tkbZ fdaok ykxoMh [kkyh vls] tfeuhyk ^dkGh*

fdaok ^dkGh vkbZ* vls Eg.kr- gh tehu ckxk;rh vls- ;k tfeuhr uxnh fids] Hkkthikyk]

/kkU;s] dM/kkU;s ?ksryh tkr- dkG;k tfeuhoj izR;sd fc?;kl 2 e.k lkjk vkdkjyk tkr vls-

rj ckxk;rh tfeuhoj 5 e.k lkjk vkdkjyk tkbZ-

2½ ika<jh tehu& tsFks [ksMsxkokrhy yksdkaph oLrh vls- fryk ^ika<jh* fdaok ^ika<jh tehu vls

Eg.kr- ‘ksrdjh] ‘ksretqj fdaok ‘ksrhiqjd O;olk; dj.kkjs yksd ;k fBdk.kh jgkr vlr-

3½ oktaV tehu & T;k tfeuhr ‘ksrh mRIkUu ?ksrk ;sr uls fdaok v’kh tehu ykxoMh[kkyh ;sr

uls] rh tehu fuÑ‛V] oktaV tehu Eg.kwu vksG[kyh tkbZ- ;k ukihd tfeuhpk okij xqjkauk

pj.;klkBh] cktkj] ;k=k] t=k Hkjfo.;klkBh dsyk tkr vls-

4½ xkodh fdaok bukedh fdaok fulcr tehu& [ksMsxkokrhy iMhd tehu xkokdMwu eksdklnkjkyk

R;kaP;k dkefxjhoj [kq‛k gksowu fnyh tkr vls- eksdklnkj izfrf‛Br vlY;kus gh tehu mijh o

‘ksretqj Bsowu dlyh tkr vls- v’kk tfeuhoj izR;sd pkojkyk 8 [kaMh lkjk ?ksryk tkr

vls-

¼20 fc?ks ¾ 1 pkoj] vkf.k 20 e.k ¾ 1 [kaMh½

162

9-1-3 N=irh f’kokth egkjktkaP;k ‘ksrh lq/kkj ;kstuk %&

1½ rxkbZ i/nrhph lqjokr & f’kokth egkjktkauh ‘ksrdÚ;kauk ‘ksrhlkBh votkjs] tukojs rlsp

fc;k.ks /kkU; [kjsnhlkBh jks[k jDde ljdkjh [kftU;krwu ns.;kph i/nr lq: dsyh-

2½ ik.kh iqjoB;kP;k lks;h & ftjk;rh tfeuh ckxk;rh dj.;klkBh caa/kkjs cka/k.ks] ikV dk<wu ns.ks

v’kh O;oLFkk jktkauh d:u fnyh-

3½ ‘ksrhlkBh dtZ lqfo/kk & ‘ksrhlkBh votkjs] ch & fc;k.ks] cSytksMh ?ks.;klkBh j;rsph

vkfFkZd enr dsyh-

4½ mRiknu ok<hyk izksRlkgu & vf/kdkf/kd tehu ykxoMh[kkyh vk.k.;klkBh o mRiknu

ok<fo.;klkBh izksRlkgu fnys-

5½ r:.kkaph Yk‛dj Hkjrh & ‘ksrtehu deh vkgs o o‛kZHkj iqjsy ,o<s /kkU; ,[kkn;k dqVqackr gksr

ulsy rj v’kk dqVqackrhy r:.kkauk rkRiqjrh fdaok dk;eLo:ih y‛djkr uksdjh fnyh tkbZ-

6½ ‘ksrlkÚ;kr lqV & nq‛dkG] egkiwj] oknG] jksxjkbZ v’kk ladVkP;k osGh j;rsyk ‘ksrlk&;kr

lqV ns.;kph i/nr lq: dsyh-

7½ bukeh gDd jÌ dsys & izfrf‛Brkauk vlysys bukeh gDd jÌ d:u v’kk tfeuhoj dj lq:

dsys-

9-1-4 tehu eglqy lq/kkj.kkaph oSf’k‛V;s

f'kokth egkjkt iztkfgr n{k vlwu j;rsP;k dY;k.kklkBh jktuhrkpk voyac rs djhr- iztsoj

ckstk u iMrk R;kaph fiGo.kwd u gksrk jkT;kpk eglwy dlk ok<sy gk fopkj d:u R;kauh eglwy

olwyh fo‛k;d lq/kkj.kk dsY;k-

1½ xko o ijx.kk orunkjakdMwu gDdkapk xSjokij >kY;kl R;kaP;kdMhy oa’kijaijkxr vf/kdkj

dk<wu ?ksrys o ixkjnkj vfËkdkjh ;kaP;kdMwu lkjk olwyh dsyh tkow ykxyh-

2½ eqfLye dkGkrhy eglwy foØh i/nr can d:u j;rokjh i/nr lq: dsyh-

3½ tgkfxjh] orus ns.;kph i/nr can dsyh-

4½ lkjk fuf’prh j;rsP;k laerhus dsyh tkow ykxyh-

5½ ‘ksrlkÚ;k ckcrhrhy nykyh i/nr can dsyh- FksV ljdkje/;s dj Hkj.;kph O;oLFkk dsyh-

6½ tehu ekst.khlkBh nksj i/nr can d:u ^f’kodkBh* okij.;kl lqjokr dsyh-

7½ tehu eglwyfo‛k;h okn raVs feVfo.;klkBh Lora«; U;k;;a=.kk fuekZ.k dsyh-

8½ ‘ksrdÚ;kauk vkiRrhizlaxh enr d#u iquoZlu dsys tkbZ-

163

9-2- f’kodkyhu mRiUukph lk/kus

9-2-1 pkSFkkbZ & LojkT;krhy tehu eglqyk cjkscjp pkSFkkbZps gh vfrfjDr mRiUu

feGr vls-pkSFkkbZ Eg.kts ^‘k=qiklwu vkiY;k izns’kkps lja{k.k dj.;klkBh vkf.k yqVekjhiklwu lja{k.k

feGfo.;klkBh |ko;kpk dj vkgs-* pkSFkkbZpk gDd ftadysY;k izns’kkrwu fdaok ‘k=qP;k izns’kkrwu

pkSFkkbZph jDde xksGk dsyh tkr vls- pkSFkkbZ Eg.kts LojkT;kckgsjhy izns’kkrwu olwy dj.;kr

vkysY;k ,dq.k mRiUukpk ,d pr`FkkZa’k ¼1@4½ Hkkx ?ks.;kpk ejkB;kapk gDd gks;- f’kodkGkiklwu gk

dj ejkBs LojkT;kckgsjhy izns’kkrwu olwy d: ykxys- f’kodkGkr pkSFkkbZ gs LojkT;kP;k mRiUUkkps ,d

egRokps lk/ku gksrs- LojkT;kP;k ckgsj eksfgesoj xsysY;k lSU;kyk iS’kkph vko’;drk vls- v’kk osGh

R;k izns’kkrhy yksdkaph ywV djkoh ykxr vls- loZ lkekU; j;rsyk =kl gksow u;s Eg.kwu f’kokth

egkjktkauh djkjukek Bjfoyk gksrk- R;kuqlkj LojkT;kckgsjhy yksdkauh eglwykpk ,d prqFkkZa’k Hkkx

ejkBh lSU;kauk n;kok o R;k ekscnY;kr ejkB;kauh R;k izns’kkps Lor%iklwu o brjkaiklwu ¼ckg;

vkØe.kkiklwu½ j{k.k djko;kps vls] Bjfoys gksrs- pkSFkkbZ olwy dsY;k tk.kkÚ;k izns’kkrhy tursyk

=kl] yqVkyqV] vR;kpkj d: u;s vls vkiY;k lSU;kyk f’kojk;kaps lDr vkns’k gksrs- lj tnwukFk

ljdkj ;kaP;k ers ^pkSFkkbZ Eg.kts ,d izdkjph [kaM.khp gksrh-*

9-2-2 ljns’keq[kh & ljns’keq[kh gk dj QDr LojkT;krwup ?ksryk tkbZ- ljns’keq[kh Eg.kts

mRiUukpk 1@10 ngkok fgLlk- ljns’keq[kh gk dj jktkpk [kkl gDd vlwu ^Lokeh* ;k ukR;kus

ljns’keq[kh P;k cnY;kr LojkT;krhy tursps ‘k=qiklwu laj{k.k dsys tkbZ- U;k;eqrhZ ,e- th- jkuMs

;kaP;kers f’kokth egkjkt ljns’keq[khpk gDd 1650 iklwu olwy djhr gksrs- b- l- 1650 o 1667

e/;s vuqØes ‘kgktgku o vkSjaxtsc ;kaP;kdMs f’kokth egkjktkauh ljns’keq[khP;k gDdkckcr fopkj.kk

dsyh gksrh- ek= R;kauh ;kyk nkn fnyh ukgh- iq<s iksrqZxhtkadMwu 1668 e/;s rj csnuwj lksns ;k

nf{k.ksrhy LkaLFkkfudkauh f’kokth egkjktkapk pkSFkkbZ] ljns’keq[khpk gDd ekU; dsyk- N=irh f’kokth

egkjktkauh 1676&77 e/;s dukZVd Lokjh d:u rsFkhy laLFkkfudkaoj pkSFkkbZ] ljns’keq[kh clfoyh-

9-2-3 f’kodkGkrhy brj dj %&

f'kodkGkr tehu eglwy o pkSFkkbZ] ljns’keq[kh f’kok; mRiUukP;k brj vusd ckch vfLrRokr

gksR;k- f’kodkGkr brjgh vusd dj olwy dsys tkr vlr- MkW- v- jk- dqyd.khZ ;kauh brj

djkackcrhr izR;{k dj] vizR;{k dj vkf.k ladh.kZ dj vls rhu izdkj fnys vkgsr-

v½ izR;{k dj& f’kodkGkr oS;fDrd mRiUu] fofo/k O;olk; vkf.k ekyeRrk ;koj dj yknys tkr

vlr- oS;fDrd djkr bukeiÍh] fejkliÍh] ns’keq[kiÍh b- rj fofo/k O;olk;kaojhy djkr ik;ikslh]

eksgrjQk] gsftciÍh] osBfcxkjh] ljkQh iÍh] /kuxj iÍh] rsy iÍh] bR;knh djkpk lekos’k gksrks-

;kf’kok; ekyeRrk dj gh izR;{k dj Eg.kwu ?ksrys tkr-

c½ vizR;{k dj &f’kodkGkr vizR;{k djkr tdkr dj] nykyh] tukojkaojhy dj] vko’;d

oLrqaojhy dj] U;k;ky;hu dj] VkdlkGhrwu feG.kkjs mRiUu] okjlkfo‛k;d dj v’kk fofo/k djkapk

;kr lekos’k gksrks-ijns’kkrwu LojkT;kr ;s.kkÚ;k o LojkT;krwu ckgsj tk.kkÚ;k ekykoj tdkr dj

clfoyk tkr vls- pkSy] nkHkksG] osaxqykZ] jktkiwj] jRukfxjh gh f’kodkGkrhy vk;kr & fu;kZrhph

izeq[k canjs gksrh- ;k dkGkr 1½ okuxh Eg.kts LojkT;krhy O;kikÚ;kauk dkgh osGk fu;fer djkis{kk

tkLrh dj oLrwP;k fdaok /kkU;kP;k :ikus n;kok ykxr vls R;kyk ^okuxh* vls EgVys tkbZ-

164

2½ mjhnykyh&mjh Eg.kts f’kYyd jkghysyk Hkkx vkf.k nykyh Eg.kts tdkr Hkjysyk o otu

dsysyk eky- gk dj canjkP;k ‘kgjkrwu olwy dsyk tkr vls- 3½ f’kaxksVh dj& cktkjkr foØhlkBh

tukojs ;sr vlr- tukojkaP;k v’kk [kjsnh & foØh O;ogkjkoj dj vkdkjyk tkr vls R;kyk

^f’kaxksVh* dj vls Eg.kr o feBkojhy dj b- dj olwy dsys tkr-

d½ ladh.kZ o brj dj & 1½ lkfnyokj iÍh ] 2½ [kpkZiVh fdaok xko[kpZ] 3½ yXUk Vdk fdaok ojkM

Vdk] 4½ rqêhiêh fdaok uqdlkuiêh] 5½ ukMh Vksdjk] 6½ xMh rack[kw] 7½ vcdkjh dj] 8½

U;k;ky;hu ‘kqYd] 9½ taxykiklwu feG.kkjs mRiUUk] 10½ VkaadlkGh iklwu feG.kkjs mRiUu] 11½ okjlk

fo‛k;d dj] 12½ LFkkfud [kpkZlkBh xkoxkM;kdMwu olwy dj.;kr ;s.kkjs dj- b- dj olwy dsys

tkrkr-

9-3 f’kodkyhu O;kikj o mn;ksx O;olk;%&

f’kodkGkr ‘ksrh cjkscjp brj dkgh mn;ksx/kans d sys tkr- [ksMs gs vFkZO;OkLFkspk ik;k gksrk-

[ksM;krhy djkfxjkauh LFkykarj d: u;s Eg.kwu fofo/k djkapk] pyuO;oLFkk ;kapk laca/k [ksMsxkok’kh

vls- ‘ksrh cjkscjp dkjkfxjkauk xkoke/;sp mn;ksx/kans mHks dj.;klkBh loZ izdkjP;k lks;h miyC/k d:u

ns.;kdMs xkoxkM;kpk dy vls-

9-3-1 f’kodkyhu O;kikj%&

N=irh f’kokth egkjktkaP;k LojkT; LFkkiuseqGs ejkBh ek.klkyk O;kikjkP;k o mn;ksxkP;k

vusd uO;k la/kh izkIr >kY;k- f’kodkGkr egkjk‛Vªkpk O;kikj mfne ok<hl ykxyk- N=irhauh

jkT;krhy mn;ksx/kans pkyfo.;klkBh dkjkxhj] O;kolkf;d o O;kikjh ;kauk vuqdwy ifjfLFkrh fuekZ.k

d:u fnyh- O;kikj ok<hl ykxkok Eg.kwu varxZr o ijdh; O;kikjkdMs y{k fnys- [ksMsxkokr oLrqph

nsok.k &?ksok.k gksr vls- dkjkfxj vkiY;k oLrw dlC;krhy vkBoMs cktkjkr fodr vlr- isB

dlC;kis{kk eksBs O;kikjh dasnz gksrs- isBsr dk;eLo:ih nqdkus vlr- pkSy nkHkksG] fHkoaMh] dY;k.k]

dksYgkiqj] iq.ks] osaxqykZ] jktxM] jk;xM] jktkiqj ;k fBdk.kh cktkjisBk clfoysY;k gksR;k- vjc jk‛Vªs o

iwoZ fdukÚ;kojhy vkfÝdu jk‛Vªs ;kaP;k cjkscj LojkT;krwu O;kikj pkyr vls-

9-3-2 f’kokth egkjktkaps O;kikj fo‛k;d /kksj.k &

QWDVjh jsdkWMZle/khy lanHkkZuqlkj n[[kuP;k O;kikjkph xksa/kGkph fLFkrh >kyh vkgs- R;kyk

f’kokth jktkaP;k jktdh; gkypkyh dkj.khHkwr gksR;k- 1674 uarj f’kokth egkjktkauh vkiY;k

jkT;krhy O;kikj o`/nhdMs y{k fnY;kps fnlrs- 1674 uarj baxztka’kh eS=hps laca/k izLFkkfir d:u

O;kikjh djkj f’kokth egkjktkauh dsyk-

jkepanziar vekR;kP;k vkKki=kr fo’kn dsY;kizek.ks f’kokth jktkauh lkodkj o O;kikjh ;kauk

mRrstu ns.;kps] R;kauk fofo/k loyrh o lqfo/kk ns.;kps ,d fuf’pr /kksj.k Li‛V dsys vkgs-

1½ ukfod] eqydh o y‛djh vf/kdkjkÚ;kauk o O;kikÚ;kauk ‘kD; rso<;k loyrh nsowu O;kikjkl

mRrstu n;kos-

2½ O;kikÚ;kauk tdkr HkjY;kuarj gos rs lkfgR; fodr ?ks.;kl o fod.;kl Lokra«k vlkos-

3½ fo’ks‛k egRokps O;kikÚ;kaps vknjkfrF; Bsowu LFkkf;d gks.;kl mRrstu n;kos-

165

4½ O;kikjh xycrs o R;kaP;k ek.klkauk lja{k.k n;kos-

5½ dks.kR;kgh tkrhpk O;kikj] O;kikjh vlyk rjh R;kyk O;kikjklkBh mRrstu n;kos-

FkksMD;kr f’kokth egkjktkaps /kksj.k O;kikjkckcr mnkjeroknh vlY;kus f’kodkGkr egkjk‛Vªkr

O;kikj ok<hl ykxyk- cktkjisBk clfo.kkÚ;k rlsp vkBoMs cktkj Hkjfo.;kr iq<kdkj ?ks.kkÚ;k

‘ksVs&egktu ;kauk ‘ksrlkÚ;kr ekQh fnyh fdaok tehu fnyh- vkIkY;k jkT;kr O;kikÚ;kauh LFkkf;d

Ogkos ;klkBh O;kikÚ;kauk egkjktkauh izksRlkgu fnys- ;kcjkscjp egkjktkauh baxztkacjkscj O;kikjh djkj

dsyk gksrk- R;kuqlkj rs O;kikjh brj {ks=kr ¼jktdkj.kkr½ gLr{ksi dj.kkj ukghr ;kph iqjsiqj

n{krk ?ksryh gksrh-

varxZr O;kikj& f’kodkGkrhy varxZr O;kikj nksu izdkjpk gksrk- unhP;k ekxkZus o [kq‛dhP;k ekxkZus

gks.kkjk O;kikj-

1½ unhP;k ekxkZus gks.kkjk O;kikj & egkjk‛Vªkr xksnkojh] Ñ‛.kk fHkek o fujk ;k un;k okgrkr- xksnkojh

unh gh 300 eSyakpk izns’k O;kirs- ;k un;kae/;s f’kodkGkr gksM;kaph okgrqd pkyr vls- ;k ukok

e/kwu ek.kls o oLrw iksgpfoY;k tkr vlr- QWDVjh jsdkWMZuqlkj is.k o dqykck ftYgkrhy vkack o

ukxksBk.ks ;k un;ke/kqu O;kikjh ekykph okgrqd gksr vls-

2½ [kq‛dhP;k o ?kkV ekxkZus gks.kkjk O;kikj

varxZr O;kikj [kq‛dhP;k o ?kkVekxkZus pkyr vls- f’kodkGkr cÚgk.kiwj rs xksoGdksaMk ;k

jktekxkZO;frfjDr LojkT;kr ,dgh eksBk jLrk uOgrk- cSyxkMhps jLrs o NksV;k okVk gksR;k- f’kodkGkr

dksd.k o ?kkVekF;kpk izns’k ;kauk tksM.kkjs vusd ?kkV gksrs- tqUuj vkf.k dksd.k ;kauk tksM.kkjk

fiiajh ?kkV] eqacbZ&iq.ks ;kauk tksM.kkjk [kaMkGk ?kkV] jRukfxjh o dksYgkiwj ;kauk tksM.kkjk uk.ks ?kkV vls

vusd ?kkVekxZ f’kodkGkr gksrs- f’kodkyhu ?kkVekxkZus gks.kkÚ;k O;kikjkps oSf’k‛V;s Eg.kts okgrqdhps

fu;a=.k dj.;klkBh]izok’kkauk lja{k.k ns.;klkBh] okgrwd fu;a=.k dj.;klkBh] okgrwd djkph olwyh

dj.;klkBh ?kkVkae/;s fBdfBdk.kh pkSD;k o tdkr ukds gksrs- izR;sd ?kkVkrhy pkSD;kaoj ?kkVikaMs

ukokpk ,d vf/kdkjh] R;kyk eks/koh] ikulMs] iFkdh] fcMobZ] xqtj vkf.k xqekLrs gs vf/kdkjh o

f’kikbZ enr djhr vlr-

9-3-3 f’kodkyhu O;kikjh dsanz &

f’kokth egkjktkauh fganoh LojkT;kr vusd cktkjisBk o O;kikj dsanzs fodflr dsyh gksrh-

f’kodkGkr dksd.k izns’k gk O;kikjklkBh HkjHkjkVhyk vkysYkk gksrk- ^bafXy’k QWDVjh jsdkWMZl izek.ks

pkSy] nkHkksG] dY;k.k] fHkoaMh] osxqaykZ] is.k] Mgk.kw] rkjkiqj] ukxksBk.kk] tSrkiwj] [kkjsikV.k gh dksd.k

fdukÚ;kojhy canjs f’kodkGkr vfr’k; HkjHkjkVhyk vkysyh gksrh-

1½ pkSy & vfyckx rkyqD;krhy pkSy canj f’kodkGkr O;kikjklkBh izfl/nhl vkys gksrs- 1670

lkyh f’kokth egkjktkauh gs canj rkC;kr ?ksrys-

2½ nkHkksG & nkHkksG gs dksd.k fdukiÍhojhy HkjHkjkVhyk vkysys ,d canj] iwoZ vfÝdk] bjk.k ;k

ns’kkcjkscj] nkHkksGps O;kikjh laca/k gksrs- fno neu] eyckj] [kack;r] rlsp eDdk] ,Mu ;sFkwu ;s.kkjh

tgkts HksV nsr vlr-

166

3½ dY;k.k o fHkaOkMh &^bafXy’k jsdkWMlZ] vkWu f’kokth* ;k xazFkkr foY;e QksLVjus vls ueqn dsysys

vkgs dh] xksoGdksaMk] dksjkseaMy ;kalkj[;k izns’kkrwu O;kikjh ;sr vlr- 1670 lkyh f’kokth

egkjktkauh eksxykadMwu dY;k.k o fHkaoMh ftadwu ?ksrys- o vkiYkk veay izLFkkfir dsyk-

4½ jktkiqj & jRukfxjh ftYg;krhy f’kodkGkrhy ,dk egRokps O;kikjh dsanz gksrs- 1660 e/;s

baxztkauh jktkiwj ;sFks o[kkj LFkkiu dsyh- 1668 lkyh Ýsapkukgh vkiyh o[kkj LFkkiu dsyh-

ÝsapO;kikjh jktkiwj ;sFkwu f’kls o yks[kaMkpk O;kikj djhr vlr-

5½ osaxqykZ& 17 O;k ‘krdkrhy HkjHkjkVhyk vkysys gs ,d O;kikjh dsnza-Mpkauh ;sFks vkiyh o[kkj

LFkkiu dsyh gksrh-

6½ brj dsanzs & leqnz fdukÚ;kojhy O;kikjh dsanzkcjkscjp egkM] dksYgkiwj] vk‛Vh] fpiGwu] dsG’kh]

is.k] ukxksBk.ks g;k ‘kgjkrwu O;kikj eksB;k izek.kkr pkyr gksrk- ;k O;frfjDr dk;xko] Vksdk] ukf’kd]

iSB.k] ia<jiwj ;kaph rhFkZ{ks=s Eg.kwu ok<>kyh- rj ;soyk] lksykiwj] ukxiwj gh ‘kgjs vkSn;ksfxd {ks=s

Eg.kwu fodflr >kyh-

7½ xzkeh.k cktkjisBk %&

1½ iq.ks gs ejkBk lkezkT;krhy egRokps fBdk.k gksrs- iq.;kr vusd isBk vlwu fofo/k O;olk; ;sFks

pkyr-

2½ f’kokiwj] ik‛kk.k] fttkiwj] eyiqjk] [ksGiqjk] fo.kiqjk v’kk vusd isBk f’kodkGkr olfoY;kps lanHkZ

feGrkr-

FkksMD;kr f’kokth egkjktkaps O;kikjkckcrps /kksj.k mnkjeroknh gksrs- f’kodkGkrp LojkT;kr

O;kikj ok<hyk ykxY;kps fnlrs-

9-3-4 f’kodkyhu mn;ksx/kans

1½ xzkeh.k mn;ksx/kans &

xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy cyqrsnkj o vyqrsnkj gs ‘ksrhyk iqjd vls O;olk; djhr vlr- dkiM r;kj

dj.kkjs dks‛Vh] ykdMh oLrq o votkjs r;kj dj.kkjs lqrkj] ’kssrhlkBh ykx.kkjh votkjs cufo.kkjs

yksgkj] dkrMh oLrw cufo.kkjs pkaHkkj] rsy ikM.kkjs rsyh] nk: mRiknu dj.kkjs dyky] yksdjh diMs

cufo.kkjs /kuxj] eqrhZ cufo.kkjs dkjkxhj] ok|s cufo.kkjs dkjkxhj vls vusd O;kolkf;d [ksM;kr jgkr-

ijdh; izoklh vWcs dWjs rlsp ijekuan ;kauh f’kodkGkr lksukj O;olk;kph eksBh izxrh >kyh gksrh

vls fygwu Bsoys gksrs- vusd izdkjps vyadkj R;kojhy dkykdqlj mRre izdkjph vls-

nkfxus ?kMforkuk fgjs&ek.kds] tokghj ;kaPkk dq’kyrsus okij dsyk tkr vls- jkT;O;ogkj dks‛kkr

egkjk‛Vªkr izpfyr vlysY;k O;olk;kapk myys[k vkgs- doh ijekaun ;kaP;k ^vuqiqjk.k* o

^f’koHkkjr* ;k dkO;xzaFkkr 17 O;k ‘krdkrhy O;olk;kapk mYys[k ;srks ;k dkGkrhy O;olk; tkrhoj

vk/kkfjr vlr- vkiY;k tkrh ckgsjps O;olk; dj.;kph Qkj’kh izFkk UkOgrh-

2½ ykdqM mn;ksx tgkt cka/k.kh O;olk; &

f’kodkGkr ykdwM o tgktcka/k.kh O;olk; eksB;k izek.kkoj pkyw gksrk- dksd.kkr

lkxkph ?kunkV taxys gksrh- ?kjs] bekjrh] eafnjs ;klkBh ykx.kkÚ;k ykdMkph miyC/krk ?kkVekF;kojgh

167

eqcyd gksrh- fdY;kaps] okM;kaps o ?kjkaps njokts o brj fBdk.kh ykdMkpk mi;ksx dsyk tkbZ- T;keqGs

ykdqM rksM.kkjs rs dki.kkjs R;koj dykdqlj dj.kkjs yksd eksB;k la[;sus vlr- f’kokth egkjktkauh

vkjekj mHkkj.khoj y{k fnY;kus tgkt cka/k.kh O;olk;kl mRrstu feGkys- dksd.k fdukÚ;kojhy

dY;k.k] fHkoaMh] iuosy] jktkiqj] nsoxM] ekyo.k] v’kk canjkr tgktcka/k.kh o nq:Lrhpk mn;ksx

pkyw gksrk- tgktcka/k.khlkBh fVacj ;k ykdMkpk okij dsyk tkbZ- ,d cSyxkMh Hk:u ykdMs

us.;klkBh fof’k‛V dj |kok ykxr vls-

3´ /kkrqdke & f’kodkGkr /kkrqdke gk O;olk; eksB;k izek.kkr pkyr vls- fuR;ksi;ksxh

oLrq cufo.;klkBh lksus] pkanh] rkacs] firG o yks[kaM ;k eq[; /kkrqapk O;olk; LojkT;kr loZ= pkyq

vls- nkfx.ks cufo.;klkBh lkssus] pkanh ;kauk fo’ks‛k ekx.kh gksrh- rj uka.;kpk mi;ksx fofo/k HkkaMh

cufo.;klkBh gksr vls- rRdkyhu dkxni=ke/;s lksU;kph dMh] ljh] ckGh] ekGk] ;kapk mYys[k

vk<Grks- rkaC;kpk okij nsoGke/;s dGlkps ojps Hkkx cufo.;klkBh o gydh uk.kh r;kj dj.;klkBh

dsyk tkr vls- rkacs o tLr ;akpk mi;ksx d:u dkal feJ/kkrw r;kj dsyk tkr vls o R;kpk okij

fujfujkGh HkkaMh] votkjs] ‘kL=kL=s cufo.;klkBh dsyk tkr vls- uk.kh r;kj dj.;klkBh lksus] pkanh]

rkacs] :is gs /kkrw okijys tkr- osxosxG;k /kkrwiklwu cufoY;k tk.kkÚ;k uk.;kph fdear osxosxGh vls-

tkM yks[kaMh ros] dks;rs] foGh ] dqÚgkM] yks[kaMh IkGh ;akpk mYYks[k dkxni=ke/;s vk<Grks- ygku

eksB;k rksQk o rksQkaps xksGs cufo.;kpk O;olk;gh tksjkr vls- v’kk O;olk;kojgh dj ykoysys

vlr-

4´ dkiM mn;ksx &

f’kodkGkr dkilkiklwu r;kj dsysY;k fofo/k oLRkw fnlwu ;srkr- iq:‛k] fL=;kaps iks‛kk[k]

pknjh] ?kksaxMh ¼CyWdsVl½ brj izdkjph oL=s ;kapk lekos’k gksrks- iq:‛kkalkBh /kksrj] :an rqekuh] ik;tes]

vaxj[ks] ‘kkyh] ykac >xs] ykac dksV] ikxksVh] ixM;k] rj fL=;kalkBh lkM;k] ldykr ¼rye yksdjhph

oL=s½ ‘kjhjkP;k ojP;k HkkxklkBh oL=s] nqiÍs] ‘kkyh] ik;tes v’kh fofo/k diMs cufoyh tkr- ;k

f’kok; mij.;kph oL=s] fpV] js’keh vxj fdukjok?kh ¼tjhps dkiM] pkanh olksus ;kaph Qqys vlyys

dkiM½ gs r;kj dj.;kr ;sr vlr-

MksD;kyk cka/kko;kps oL= Eg.kts ikxksVs vls R;kyk :Ik vkdkj o iksr ;kuqlkj ikxksVs] ixMh]

froV] eafny o QsVk vls EgVys tkbZ- ikxksVh o froV eq[;r% [kkuns’kkrhy QStiqj ukansM] dksVfxjh

tkyuk] ‘kgknk] iSB.k o tqUuj ;k fBdk.kh cufoyh tkr rj vk‛Vh] ukxiqj ekgs’oj] pkanoM o

lksykiwj ;sFks rye /kksrjs cufoyh tkr-

fpV f’kodkGkr Qkj yksdfiz; gksrs- uk-xks pkisdj Eg.krkr]^egkjk‛Vªkr cÚgk.kiqj] ukxiqj]

lkloM] xaxklkxj gh fpVkP;k mRiknukph izeq[k dsanz gksrh- fpVkps dkiM vaxj[ks r;kj dj.;klkBh

QsVs] >axs] :eky] lkM;k] ikxksVs] VksI;k vkf.k iklksM;k okijys tkbZZ-*

5´ ehB o lk[kj mn;ksx &

dksd.kkr lkxj fdukjiÍhoj ehB mRiknukpk egRokpk mn;ksx gksrk- Bk.ks o dqykck ftYgkrhy

is.k] iuosy] ukxksBk.ks] jsonaMk o Bk.ks gh 17 O;k ‘krdkr ehBkP;k mRiknukph izeq[k dsanzs gksrh-

f’kodkGkr ehB mn;ksx nq¸;e /kank gksrk- lqxkhpk dkG laiY;koj yksd feBkP;k mn;ksxkdMs oGr-

English Recodrs on shivaji e/khy lanHkkZuqlkj rGdksd.kkarwu ns’kkP;k loZ Hkkxkr feBkpk O;kikj

168

pkyr vls- rlsp ijns’kkrgh feBkph fu;kZr gksr vls- f’kodkGkr iksrqZxht izns’kkrwugh ehB ;sr gksrs-

;keqGs f’kokth egkjktkauh iksrqZxhtkaP;k feBkoj tkLr dj ykoys- ;keqGs LFkkfud ehB mn;ksx okpyk

o ckgs:u ;s.kkÚ;k feBkeqGs [kft.;kr djkP;k :ikus Hkj iMw ykxyh-

lk[kjsps mRiknu ÅlkP;k mRiknukP;k Hkkxkrp gksr gksrs- ika<jh lk[kj] [kMh lk[kj o dPph

lk[kj fdaok xqG gs lk[kjsps rhu izdkj gksrs- lk‛Vh izkarkr lk[kj o xqG eksB;k izek.kkr r;kj

dj.;kpk mn;ksx tksjkr pkyr vls- Jhear yksd ika<jh lk[kj o xjhc yksd xqG okijhr vlr-

9-4 f’kodkyhu pyu O;OkLFkk %&

f’kodkGkr pyukP;k okijk,soth oLrwfofue; i/nrhyk vf/kd egRo gksrs- jks[k pyukph

xjt nSuafnu O;ogkjkr iMr uls- N=irh f’kokth egkjktkauh vkiY;k uk.;kalkBh ewG izek.kHkwr uk.ks

Eg.kwu fot;uxjP;k gksu ;k uk.;kpk fLodkj dsyk- vkf.k Lor% ^f’kojkbZ* gs lksU;kps uk.ks

fot;uxjP;k lksU;kP;k uk.;kP;k /krhZoj ikMwu ?ksrys- f’kokth egkjktkauh izpyhr dsysyh ^gksu* gh

uk.kh O;kikjh oxZ o turk ;kaP;k ekx.khP;k izek.kkr iqjs’kh uOgrh- ;keqGs ;k dkGkr brj vusd

izdkjph uk.kh LojkT;kr vk<Gwu ;srkr-

9-4-1 f’kodkGkrhy miYc/k uk.kh

1½ f’kodkGkrhy lksU;kph uk.kh & N=irh f’kokth egkjktkaP;k [kftU;kr vlysY;k lksU;kP;k

uk.;kph ;knh lHkklnkus fnyh vkgs- rlsp ledkyhu dkxni=s] ijdh; izok’kkapk izokl o`rkar vkf.k

QWDVjh jsdkWMZl ;ke/;sgh egkjktkaP;k jkT;krhy izpfyr vlysY;k lksU;kP;k uk.;kaph ekfgrh feGrs-

R;ko:u f’kodkGkr xacj] eksgj] iqrGh] l.kxjh] f’kojkbZ] ¼xqRrh½ ikn’kkgh] nsojkbZ] vPpqrjkb Z]

jkepanzkbZ] lrykeh] bczkfgeh] fVidh] /kkjokMh] dkosjh ikd] pkanoMh] osaxykZ] osYykjh] vknokuh]

nsougGh] U;adVjkbZ] f=lqGh] rkMi=h] Q.ke] dWØe b- lksU;kph uk.kh izpfyr gksrh-

fot;uxjP;k lksU;kP;k uk.;kaP;k /krhZoj Lor%ps f’kojkbZ gs uk.ks r;kj dsys- ;k uk.;kP;k eq[; cktwl

^Jh jktk f’ko* vkf.k ekxhy cktwl ^N=irh* vls fygysys vls- f’kojkbZ gs uk.ks gksu ;k uk.;kizek.ks

vlys rjh uko o otu ;kr cny gksrk- ^f’kojkbZ* ps otu 42-12 xszu brds gksrs- rj eqG ^gksu* ;k

uk.;kps otu 52 xzsu brds gksrs-

f’kodkGkr xacj gksu gs uk.ks eaqcbZ ifjljkr izpfyr gksrs- rj iqrG;k gs uk.ks ygku orZqGkdkj

vlqu ;k uk.;kapk mi;ksx nkfx.;klkBh vf/kd dsyk tkbZ- ,d iqrGh gksu ph fdear 4 : gksrh-

eksgj gs lksU;kps uk.ks izkeq[;kus jkTkkyk HksV Eg.kwu ns.;klkBh mi;ksxkr vk.kys tkr vls- eksgj gksu gs

f’kodkGkrhy lksU;kpk :Ik;k gksrk- ,dk eksgjph fdear 13 : gksrh-

nsojkbZ] vPpwrjk; o jkepanzjkbZ gksu gs fot;uxjps jkts vuqØes nsojk;] vPpqrjk; o jkensojk; ;k

jktkauh pyukr vk.kysys gksrs- R;kaph ?kM.k fot;uxjP;k ^ojkg* uk.;k’kh feGrh tqGrh gksrh- ;kykp

iWxksMk- iaxksMk] v’kh brjgh ukos gksrh- VWOgsjhuvj izok’;kaP;k ers] iWxksMk gksu gs uk.ks lksU;kps vlwu

R;kpk vkdkj djaxGhojhy u[kk,o<k vls-

169

^v’keksyk*] ^l.kxjh*] ^fVidh* o ^osaxqykZ* gksu gh uk.kh R;kaP;k ?kM.kkoGhrhy

lQkbZnkji.kkeqGs] lqcdrseqGs o R;kP;kojhy dkgh fof’k‛V [kq.kkaeqGs osxGh Eg.kwu

vksG[krk ;srkr-

2½ pkanhph uk.kh &f’kokth egkjktkauh vkiY;k dkGkr pkanhph uk.kh ikMysyh uOgrh-

;kdkGkr cgqrka’k uk.kh gh R;kaP;k jkT;kckgsjhy vlr- vCcklh] vJQh] fj;ky] ykjh]

egeqnh] :i;k] Vdk gh pkanhph uk.kh okijkr gksrh-:i;ke/;s vkyefxjh :Ik;k] pyuh :Ik;k]

[ktkrh :Ik;k ;k izdkjph uk.kh vk<Grkr- f’kodkGkrhy :Ik;kps otu 180 xzWe gksrs- ykjh

gs pkanhps uk.ks bjk.k e/;s ikMysys vls- f’kokth egkjktkauh nkHkksG] pkSy] fHkoaMh gh xkos

ftadwu ?ksrY;kuarj ykjh gs uk.ks ikM.;kl lqjokr dsyh-

3½ rkaC;kph uk.kh & f’kodkGkrhy rkaC;kP;k uk.;kr f’kojkbZ] ltx.kh] fr:dk] :dk] iSlk]

nke] vMdk] ftry ;k uk.;kpk lekso’k gksrk- f’kodkGkr vWcV ;k izok’kkauh 25 gtkj

rkaC;kph uk.kh xksGk d:u rh ikj[kyh gksrh-

iSlk& f’kodkGkr iSlk gs rkaC;kps uk.ks osxosxG;k vkdkjps vls- R;kP;k ,dk cktqyk ^Jh

jktk N=irh* rj nqlÚ;k cktqyk Qqy] ryokj] lq;Z] ck.k] panz] csykaph ikus] xzg] rkjs]

jk’khpØ ;kiSdh ,d fp= dksjysys vls- ;k uk.;kps otugh 1@4 rksGk] fdaok 1 rksGk vls

osxosxGs vls- 1@4 rksGk otu vlysyh uk.kh ^:dk* o 3@4 rksGk otu vlysyh uk.kh

^f’kojkbZ* uk.ks Eg.kwu vksG[kys tkr vls] ;kf’kok; N=irh iSlk gk ^ <Ccw iSlk* ;k ukokus

vksG[kyk tkr vls- rj fr:dk iS’kkpk vkdkj ygku gksrk- R;keqGs N=irh iS’kkyk eksBk iSlk

o fr:dk iS’kkyk NksVk iSlk vls EgVys tkr vls-

9-4-2 f’kodkGkrhy brj uk.kh o ifjek.k & f’kodkGkr ^jkT;O;ogkjdks‛k* ;k xzaFkkr uewn

dsysyh ^ojkg* fdaok ^gksu* ;k lqo.kZ uk.;kaph ygku uk.kh Eg.kts izrki] nj.k] poy] nqcy]

iy o ohl gh gksrh- R;kps ifjek.k iqf<yizek.ks]

1 gksu ¾ 2 izrki

1izrki ¾ 2 nj.k

1 nj.k¾ 2 poy

1poy ¾ 2 nqcy

1 nqcy ¾ 2 iG ¼csGs½

1 iG¼csGs½¾ 2 ohl

fot;uxje/khy uk.ks i/nrh o f’kodkGkrhy uk.ks i/nrh ;kr cjsp lkE; vkgs- lHkkln

c[kjdkjkus ;qjksfi;u izok’kkauh vkiY;k fy[kk.kkr deh izfrP;k Q.ke] dWØe uk.;kapk mYys[k dsysyk

vkgs- Q.ke fdaok dWØe uk.ks gs lksU;kps uk.ks gksrs- vcs dWjs ;kus ,dk Q.kekph fdear 6 isUl brdh

lkafxrysyh gksrh- rlsp 36 Q.ke Eg.kts 1 iWxksMk fdaok gksu gksr vls-

170

100 gksu ¾ 160 dWØe

1 gksu ¾ 16 Q.ke

1 dWØe ¾ 10 Q.ke

Okjhy Q.ke o dWØe ;kaP;k fdearh nkHkkaMs ;kaP;k nIrjkrhy dkxni=kae/;s vk<Gwu ;srkr-

Q.ke o dWØe ;kaP;k fdearh ojhy izek.ks fnysY;k vkgsr-

f'kokth egkjktkaP;k izns’kkr loZ= izpfyr vlysys rkaC;kps uk.ks Eg.kts ^ f’kojkbZ iSlk* gks;-

U;k;eqrhZ jkuMs ;kaP;k ers] R;kps otu 10 ekls gksrs- ,d f’kojkbZ iS’kkph fdaer 6 :Ik;s gk srs- dkgh

dkxni=kr ^ltx.kh* ;k rkC;kaP;k uk.;kph fdear gh 6 :Ik;s vlY;kps uewn dsysys vkgs-

FkksMD;kr f’kodkyhu pyu O;oLFksr lksU;kph] pkanhph o rkaC;kph uk.kh pyukr izpyhr gksrh-

LkjkoklkBh iz’u

[kkyhy iz’ukaph mRrjs 400 ‘kCnkr fygk-

1½ f’kodkyhu tehu eglwy O;oLFksfo‛k;h ekfgrh fygk-

2½ f’kodkyhu jkT;kP;k mRiUukph lk/kus lfoLrj fygk-

3½ f’kodkyhu vkSn;ksfxd o O;kikjh dsanzkph ekfgrh nsowu /kksj.k Li‛V djk-

4½ f’kodkyhu xkoxkM;krhy vkfFkZd thou Li‛V djk-

5½ f’kodkyhu uk.;kaph ekfgrh nsowu pyu O;oLFkk LIk‛V djk-

fVik fygk-

1½ f’kodkyhu tehu ekst.kh -

2½ f’kodkyhu lkjk vkdkj.khph /kksj.ks -

3½ f’kodkyhu ^pkSFkkbZ* o ^ljns’keq[kh* i/nrh -

4½ f’kodkGkrhy mRiUukph brj lk/kus

5½ f’kokth egkjktkaP;k ^’ksrh lq/kkj ;kstusph*

6½ f’kodkyhu mRiknukph lk/kus o mn;ksx -

7½ f’kodkyhu O;kikj-

8½ f’kodkyhu O;kikjh O;oLFkk-

9½ f’kodkyhu pyu O;OkLFkk-

10½ f’kodkyhu eglwy O;oLFkk -

171

11½ f’kodkyhu uk.;kaps oxhZdj.k -

vf/kd okpuklkBh iqLrds

1- v=s f=a- uk- xkoxkMk]

2- vkBoys lnkf’ko] f’kokth o f’ko;qx]

3- dqyd.khZ v- jk-] [kjs x- g- (laik-)] ejkB;kapk bfrgkl [kaM 1] 4- ljnslkbZ ch- ,u] ejkB;kapk lkekftd]vkfFkZd o lkaLd`frd bfrgkl]

5- dqyd.khZ v- jk-] MkW- ns’kikaMs iz- u-] ejkB;kapk bfrgkl Hkkx ifgyk]

6- fpV.khl d`- uk- e/;;qxhu Hkkjrh; ladYiuk o laLFkk-

7- esganGs xtkuu HkkLdj] Jh jktk f’koN=irh Hkkx 1] -

8- ljnslkbZ xksfoan l[kkjke] ejkBh fj;klr [kaM 1]

172

bfrgkl& ,Q-ok;-ch-,- % f’kokth o f’kodky

izdj.k 10 oss f’kodkyhu dyk o LFkkiR;

10-1 & dyk

10-1-1 &laxhr

10-1-2 & u`R;

10-1-3 & fp=dyk

10-2 & LFkkIkR;

10-2-1 & eafnjs

10-2-2 & x<h

10-2-3 & fdYys

10-2-4 & LFkkiR; dysph oSf’k‛V;s

izLrkouk %&

dks.kR;kgh jkT;kph izxrh R;kpk HkkSxksfyd foLrkj] jktdh; izkcY;] vkfFkZd lqcRrk vkf.k

lkaLÑfrd vkfo‛dkj ;ko:u vH;klrk ;srs- f’kodkGkpk fopkj dsyk rj f’kokth egkjktkauh

LojkT;kph LFkkiuk dsyh- ;sFkhy j;rsyk /kkfeZd vHk; fnys] iz’kklukph mRre ?kMh cloyh- vkfFkZd

lqcRrslkBh ‘kD; rso<s loZ ekxZ voyafcys] lkaLÑfrd {ks=kr Qkjls cny vk<Gr ukghr- dyk {ks=kr

Qkjls cny >kys ukghr-LFkkiR;gh xjtsuqlkjp fodflr >kysys fnlrs-

f’kodkGkrhy dykapk fopkj laxhr] u`R; o fp=dyk ;kaP;k vk/kkjs djrk ;srks- okLrfod

ikgrk f’kokth egkjktkaP;k TkUekiwohZph vkf.k R;kaP;k dkjfdnhZrhy ifjfLFkrh jktdh; n`‛V;k vfr’k;

/kke/kqehph gksrh- jktdh; fLFkjrk vkf.k ‘kkarrk]lkaLd`frd dyk xq.kkapk fodkl ?kMfo.;klkBh iks‛kd

Bjrkr- i.k gk dky[kaM cgqrka’k ;q/nkapk vlY;k dkj.kkus dyk xq.kkapk fodkl >kysyk fnlr ukgh-

i.k ;k dkGkrhy dykaoj ikjaikfjdrspk izHkko fnlwu ;srks-

10-1-1 laxhr &

f'kodkGkr laxhr dysyk jktkJ; Qkjlk feGkyk ulyk rjh yksdkÜkz; gksrk- njckjh laxhr

ulys rjh yksdlaxhr ek= thoukP;k izR;sd {ks=kr gksrs- Hktu fdrZukP;k fufeRrkus laxhr dysyk

/kkfeZd vf/k‛Bku gksrs- leFkZ jkenklLokehauhgh laxhr gs fdrZuklkBh vko’;d vlY;kps lkafxrys vkgs-

fdrZudkj laxhrkpk vH;kl djhr vlr- yksdlaxhrke/;s oklwnso] xksa/kGh] HkqR;k] Okk?;keqjGh] HkjkMh]

iksrjkt] tksxrh ;kauh gs laxhr ftoar Bsoys o iq<s pkyoys- oklwnsokaP;k eq[kh jax.kkjh xk.kh fofo/k

izdkjph gksrh- R;krhy dkgh HkDrhpk efgek jaxo.kkjh gksrh- cjhp’kh ckyÑ‛.kkps pfj= lkax.kkjh gksrh-

xksa/kGh gk vkckyo`/n JksR;kaph dje.kwd dj.;klkBh] Ñ‛.kyhyk] xkSG.kh] iksokMs v’kh fofo/k izdkjph

dykvkd‛kZd i/nrhus xkr vls- HkqR;k xkoksxko fQ:u rqGtkiwjP;k vkbZ Hkokuhph

173

xk.khrUe;rsusok?;k&eqjGh [kaMksckPkh] [kaMksck o ck.kkbZP;k ‘k`axkjkph xk.kh xkr- HkjkMh gk vusd

iqjk.kdFkk o yksddFkk xhrc/n d:u yksdkaiq<s xkr vls- iksrjkt] tksxrh o tksxrhugh xk.kh xkr-

;kf’kok; dkSVqafcd xhrs] ckyxhrs] L=hxhrs] eaxGkxkSjhph xk.kh lq/nk yksdxhrkrp lekfo‛V gksrh-

L=hxhrkae/;s tkR;kojP;k vksO;k gk ejkBs xhrkapk ,d fo’ks‛k izdkj gksrk- ;k vksO;ake/;s

okRlY;] lalkj] izse ukR;k xksR;krhy ek.klkaojpk yk sHk v’kh Hkkofud xqaro.kwd gksrh-

10-1-2 u`R; %&

f’kodkGkr u`R;dyspk dyk Eg.kwu fodkl >kY;kps vk<Gr ukgh- u`R;kyk Qkj’kh lkekftd

izfr‛Bk ykHkysyh uOgrh- dqyhu fL=;k vkf.k u`R; dj.kkÚ;k fL=;k vlk Li‛V lkekftd Hksn gksrk-

l.k&mRlo izlaxh u`R; gksr- i.k rs cafnLr tkxsr- dksd.kkr dksGh u`R; gk lkeqnkf;d u`R;izdkj

ijaijsusp pkyr vkyk vkgs- u`R; o xk.ks ctko.ks dj.kkÚ;k xf.kdkapk ,d osxGk oxZ lektkr gksrk-

ijarw lektkr R;kauk izfr‛Bk uOgrh-

ejkBh lektkr vkfnoklhae/;s u`R; gk thoukpk egRokpk Hkkx gksrk- fHkYy] dkrdjh] okjyh]

xksaM] Bkdj bR;knh vkfnoklh lkewfgd u`R; djhr vlr- fofo/k /kkfeZd fo/khaP;kosGh] lkekftd

lekjaHkkps osGh] jkukr xqjs pjko;kyk usY;kuarj rs u`R; djhr- _rqekukuqlkj gks.kkÚ;k cnykaps osGh

lq/nk u`R; djhr- ‘ksrh O;olk; djhr vlrhy rj fHkUu gaxkekP;kosGh u`R; djhr vlr- gh loZ u`R;s

ikjaifjd vlk;ph] lk;adkGps osGh euksjatu o Jeifjgkj gk ;kpk eq[; gsrw gksrk- lar ,dukFkkauh

fyfgysyh Hkk:Ms [ksM;kikM;kr xk;u o u`R;kP;k vk/kkjs lknj dsyh tkr gksrh-

10-1-3 fp=dyk %&

f’kodkGkrhy fp=dysps Qkjls lanHkZ vk<Gr ukghr- fp=s vlyh rjh rh /kkfeZd o nsoh

nsorkaph vlyh ikfgtsr- ejkBs ‘kkghrhy fp=dysph lqjokrhph uksan ‘kkgw egkjktkaP;k dkGkr vlY;kps

fnlrs- eafnjs] okMs v’kk fBdk.kh fp=s dk<yh tkr- ?kjkps N=s] njokts] fHkarhoj dkgh fp=s dk<yh

tkr- R;kr dykÑrh is{kk ijaijspk Hkkx vf/kd gksrk-

10-2 LFkkIkR;&

dks.kR;kgh dkGkrhy LFkkiR; gs rRdkyhu ifjfLFkrhpk bfrgkl lkaxr vlrs- jkT;dR;kaZpk o

lkekU;kapk n`f‛Vdksugh ;krwu fnlwu ;srks- ejkB;kaP;k bfrgklkr f’kokth egkjktkapk dky[kaM gk

y<k;kaP;k /kke/kqehpk dky[kaM gksrk- /kekZps j{k.k] j;rsps j{k.k] ;kyk izk/;kU; gksrs- ijpØkiklwu

lja{k.k] rlsp xaqM&iqMkaiklwu j{k.k] miyC/k lk/kulkexzhpk o gokekukpk o i;kZoj.kkpk fopkj

LFkkiR;ke/;s izHkkohfnlrks- nxM vkf.k ykdwM ;k uSlfxZd lk/kukapk okij vkf.k xjtsyk izk/kkU; fnY;kps

vk<Grs- f’kodkGkrhy dkgh LFkkiR;s vkf.k dkghaps vo’ks‛k vkt bfrgklkphlk{k nsr mHkh vkgsr-

rRdkyhu LFkkiR;kiSdh eafnjs] x<;k o fdYys ;kapk fo’ks‛kRokus vH;kl dsY;kl LFkkiR;dyscÌypk

n`f‛Vdksu y{kkr ;srks- ;q/nkP;k izlaxkrwugh ;k okLrw fVdwu jkfgY;k o vkt f’kodkGkph lk{k nsr mH;k

vkgsr-

174

10-2-1 eaafnjs %&

eafnjs cak/krkuk R;kyk fBdk.kkP;k /keZfo‛k;d Hkkouk ;k izHkkoh vlrkr- R;kpk izHkko eafnjkaP;k

cka/k.khoj fnlwu ;srks- LFkkiR;kpk fopkj dsyk rj uqlrs eafnj d/khp cka/kys tkr uOgrs- egkjk‛Vªkr

dksBsgh xsY;kl eafnjk aP;k vktwcktwyk lek/kh] N=h] /keZ’kkGk] ?kkV o dqaM ;kapsgh cka/kdke fnlrs-

;kiSdh d’kkpsgh cka/kdke dj.ks gs iq.;kbZps dke letys tkr gksrs-

1½ f’kodkGkrhy eafnjs &

f'kokth egkjkt Lor% /kkfeZd izo`Rrhps gksrs- R;kauh dkgh tqU;k eafnjkaph nq:Lrh dsyh rj dkgh

eafnjs uO;kus cka/kyh-f'kokth egkjktkauh izR;sd fdY;koj rsFkhy j;rsP;k /kkfeZd Ükz/nsuqlkj nsoGs Ckka/kyh-

f’kodkGkr Hkkslys ?kjk.;kph o ,dw.kp egkjk‛Vªkph dqynsork rqGtkHkokuh ;k nsohph vusd eafnjs

mHkkj.;kr vkyh- foðyokMh ;sFkhy foðykps eafnj o f’k[kj f’kax.kkiwj ;sFkhy f’kokps eafnj f’kokth

egkjktkauh nq:Lr dsys- ;kf’kok; izrkixMkoj rqGtk Hkokuhps eafnj cka/kys- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k ekrqJh

fttkckbZ ;kgh /kkfeZd izoRrhP;k gksR;k- R;kauh iq.ks ;sFks dlck isBsr x.kirhps eafnj cka/kys- nkSM

toGhy ;or ; sFkhy Hkqys‹ojkP;k eafnjkpk th.kksZ/nkj dsY;kpk mYys[k vk<Grks- laHkkthjktkaph iRuh

;slwckbZ ghus iq.;ktoGhy ik‛kk.k ;sFks f’kokps eafnj ckaa/kys- lsukirh /kukth tk/ko ;kauh

lkrkÚ;ktoGhy ikyh ;sFkhy [kaMksckP;k nsoGkph nq:Lrh dsY;kps mYys[kgh lkIkMrkr-

2½ f’kodkyhu eafnjkaP;k LFkkiR;kph OkSf’k‛V;s %&

f'kodkyhu eafnj LFkkiR; ikgrkuk dkgh fo’ks‛k xks‛Vh y{kkr ;srkr- egkjk‛Vªkr ejkB;kaiwohZ

vl.kkjh fganw lRrk ;knokaPkh gksrh- R;kaauh cka/kysY;k eafnjkaizek.ksp iq<sgh eafnjs cka/k.;kr vkyh gksrh-

gseknzh ukokP;k Js‛B LFkkIkR; fo’kkjnkus gh oSf’k‛V;siw.kZ eafnjs mHkkjyh gksrh- ejkB;kauh gh ;knodkyhu

eafnj cka/k.kh iqu:Tthfor dsysyh fnlrs- ;k eafnj cka/k.khr iq<hy dkgh xk s‛Vh fnlqu ;srkr-

1½ lk/kkj.ki.ks eafnjkps izos’kOnkj mRrjsyk fdaok iwoZsyk vlY;kps fnlrs-

2½ eafnjkpk xkHkkjk pkSdksuh vlrks vkf.k Qkj eksBk ulrks-

3½ xkHkkÚ;kph r[riks’kh v‛Vdksuh fdaok ?kqeVkdkj vlrs- r[;iks’khoj deG] osxosxG;k

ikukQqykaph u{kh] vIljk] jk/kkÑ‛.k ;kaph dksjhodkes fnlrkr-

4½ izos’kOnkjkP;k pkSdVhoj x.kirhps fp= dksjysys vlwu R;kP;k nksUgh cktwyk dhfrZeq[k

dksjysys fnlrs- osxosxG;k Hkqferh; vkÑR;klw/nk dksjysY;k fnlrkr-

5½ eafnjkP;k f’k[kjkoj dy’kklkj[ks fnl.kkjs Vksd fdaok dGl fnlrks-

6½ [kkac gs pkSdksuh] v‛Vdksuh vkf.k dkgh osGsyk lq:P;k vkdkjkr vkf.k nxMh vlrkr-

7½ ltkoV gh vR;aar lk/;k i/nrhph fnlrs- eafnjkP;k njokT;kaoj] fHkarhoj o f’k[kjkoj

osxosxG;k vkdkjkph u{kh dks:u eafnj lto.;kpk iz;Ru dsysyk fnlrks- v’kk izdkjP;k

eafnjkae/;s T;ksfrckP;k Mksaxjkojhy dsnkjs‹oj] ekgqyh ;sFkhy dk’kh fo‹os‹ojkps eafnj]

175

/kkoM’khps HkkxZojke] d.kds’oj] dksYgkiwjps foðy eafnj] iUgkG;kojP;k ‘kadjkP;k eafnjkpk

lekos’k gksrks-

3½ eafnjkP;k vktwcktwP;k okLrw %&

;ke/;s ?kkV] /keZ’kkGk] dqaM ;kapk lekos’k gksrk- rhFkZ{ks=kP;k Eg.kts /kkfeZd egRokP;k fBdk.kh

;k=k Hkjr vlr- rlsp /kkfeZd fo/kh gksr gksrs- ;kfufeRrkus vusd yksd rhFkZ{ks=h ;sr vlr- eafnjke/;s

vl.kkÚ;k nsorkaP;k ;k=sP;k fufeRrkus vkysY;k yks[kkauk jkg.;klkBh /keZ’kkGk cka/kysY;k gksR;k-

/keZ’kkGkaps cka/kdke lk/ks o QDr dkgh dkGkiwjrh jkg.;kph xjt Hkkxo.;klkBh dsyssys gksr s- R;ke/;s

Qkj u{khdke fdaok dykdwlj uOgrh- ;k=sd:alkBh ik.;kph lks; Ogkoh Eg.kwu fofgjh fdaok dqMkaps

cka/kdke dsysys fnlrs-

/kkfeZd fo/khalkBhgh yksd frFkZ{ks=h tkr gksrs- R;kaP;klkBh unhoj ?kkV cka/kys tkr- ?kkVkauk c:t

cka/kys tkr- ?kkVkoj ;k=sd:alkBh lHkkiaMi o OgjkaMs lq/nk cka/kys tkr gksrs- N=h fdoka lek/kh Eg.kts

,[kk|k eksB;k O;DrhaP;k e`R;wuarj frP;k vkBo.khlkBh gh okLrw mHkkjyh tkrs- jk;xM ;sFks f’kokth

egkjktkaps nsgkolku >kys- jk;xMkoj R;kaph vkBo.k Eg.kwu N=h mHkkj.;kr vkyh vkgs- rsFkhy

vo’ks‛kkao:u gh N=h v‛Vdksuh vlkoh vls y{kkr ;srs- jktkjke egkjktkaP;k e`R;w flagxMkoj >kyk

gksrk- rsFks R;kaP;k Le`frfizR;FkZ N=h cka/k.;kr vkyh- pkSdksuh vkdkjkP;k ;k N=hP;k Nrkoj pØ

dk<ysys vkgs- N=hyk pq.;kpk fxykok dj.;kr vkyk vkgs- ejkBk ljnkjkaP;kgh vusd N=k o lek/;k

vusd fBdk.kh vkgsr- ;ke/;s iq.;ktoG okuoMh ;sFkhy egknth f’kans ;kaph N=h izfl/n vkgs-

10-1-2 x<h %&

Xk<h Eg.kts ljnkjkus jkg.;kps lajf{kr fBdk.k- x<h Eg.kts ygku fdYykp gksrks- i.k x<hpk

eq[; mÌs’k gk fuoklkph O;oLFkk gkp gksrk- x<h gk ejkBsdkyhu LFkkIkU;kpk mRÑ‛V uequk vkgs-

f’kokth egkjktkauh Lor%p x<haP;k fufeZrhoj ca/kus ?kkryh] R;keqGs iq<s gk LFkkiR; izdkj fodflr

>kyk ukgh-

1½ x<hph jpuk& x<h gs jkg.;kps fBdk.k vlY;keqGs jkg.;klkBhP;k ;ksX; v’kk loZ lqfo/kk

x<he/;s dsY;k tkr- rlsp jkg.kkÚ;k O;DrhP;k lqjf{krrspk pks[k cankscLr dsyk tkr gksrk-

x<hP;k laj{k.kklkBh ckgsjP;k cktwyk map nxMh fHkar cka/kyh tkr gksrh- cktwyk [kand

vkf.k HkDde njokts gksrs- R;kosGh loZ= vlwjf{krrsph ifjfLFkrh gksrh Eg.kwu ljnkjkauh

vkiyh jkg.;kph fBdk.ks HkDde vkf.k fdY;kalkj[kh cka/kyh gksrh-

2½ x<hP;k jpusph oSf’k‛V;s %&x<h cka/krkuk frph jpuk loZlk/kkj.ki.ks iq<hy oSf’k‛V;kauh ;qDr

vls-

i. vkjk[kMk %& x<hP;k cka/kdkeke/;s fof’k‛V v’kk izdkjPkk vkj[kMk vk<Gwu ;sr gksrk-

cgqrsd xM;kaPkk vkjk[kMk pkSdk suh fdaok leprq‛dkssuh gksrk- xM;kaP;k laj{k.kkLkkBh

rVcanh dsysyh vk<Grs- x<;kaP;k vkjk[kM;kps lq= gs x<h cka/k.kkÚ;k ljnkjkoj

voyacwu vlysys fnlrs-

176

ii. rVcanh %& x<hP;k lHkksorkyh rVcanh cka/kyh tkr vls- gh rVcanh nxM vkf.k foVk

fdaok dkgh osGsyk uqlR;k foVkaph cka/kysyh vls- rVcanhP;k fHkarhPkh :anh 5 rs 7

vkf.k maph 20 QqVkai;Zar vk<Grs rVcanhyk igkÚ;klkBh ;ksX; R;k fBdk.kh tkxk

BsoysY;k vk<Gwu ;srkr- tkxkstkx ck.k o rksQk Mkx.;klkBh taX;kph O;oLFkk dsysyh

gksrh- R;keqGs rVcanhP;k toG dehr deh rhu’ks QqVkai;Zar ‘k=w ;sÅ ‘kdr uls-

iii. izos’kOnkj& x<hyk dehr deh nksu rjh nkjs vlk;ph ;kis{kk vf/kdgh nkjs vlr-

;kiSdh mRrjsdMhy izos’kOnkjkyk ^fnYyh njoktk* Eg.kr- ,d njoktk iwoZ fn’ksykgh

vlk;pk- izos’kOnkj s brdh eksBh vlr dh R;ke/kwu gkS|klg gRrh tkÅ ‘kdsy- gh

ykdMh izos’kOnkjs ojP;k cktwyk fueqGrh gksr vlr- njoktkoj eksBeksBkys yks[kaMh

f[kGs Bksdys tkr gksrs- njoktkP;k nksUgh cktwyk igkjsnkjkalkBh O;oLFkk dsysyh fnlrs-

R;kP;k ojP;k cktwyk uxkj[kkuk vlY;kps fnlrs- uxkj[kkU;kP;k iq<P;k cktwyk

u{khdke dsys tkr gksrs-

iv. ik.khiqjoBk %& x<hps cka/kdke cÚ;kp va’kh fdY;kaizek.ksp gksrs- R;keqGs x<hyk

fdY;kizek.ksp os<k iMyk rj vkrhy yksdkauk txrk ;kos ;klkBh mRRke izdkjs lks;

dsyhtkr gksrh- x<he/;s fofgjh [kksnwu ik.;kph lks; dsyh tkr gksrh- tj fofgj ulsy

rj x<hP;k ckgs:u ikVkus ik.khiqoB;kph lks; dsyh tkr gksrh- ik.kh iqjoB;kP;k

ckcrhr ,d [kcjnkjh v’khgh ?ksryh tkr gksrh dh] dkghgh >kys rjh ik.khiqjoBk

vfojr pkyw jkfgy- MkW- ekVs ;kaP;k fu‛d‛kkZuqlkj x<hP;k LFkkiR;koj jktLFkkuh o

eksxyh LFkkiR;kph Nki vlY;kps fnlrs- njsdjkaph njsdjokMhph x<h] jka÷;kph

ns’kikaM;kph x<h v’kk dkghoSf’k‛V;w.kZ o izfl/n x<;k gksR;k- f’kokth egkjktkauh

x<;kaP;k cka/kdkekyk izksRlkgu fnys ukgh- myVi{kh x<;kaP;k vk/kkjs ljnkj f’kjtksj

gksrkr] Eg.kwu x<;k ikM.;kps /kksj.k fLodkjys-

10-2-3 fdYys %&

e/;;qxhu dkGkr fdYys Qkj egRokps gksrs T;kaps fdYys R;kps jkT; v’kh fLFkrh vlY;keqGs

f’kodkGkr fdY;kauk egRokps LFkku gksrs- f’kodkyhy LFkkIkR; EgVys dh] vktgh fdY;kadMsp ikfgys

tkrs- vkKki=kr fdYyk Eg.kts jkT;kps izk.k vls fdY;kps egRo lkafxrys tkrs- ;kOk:u f’kodkGkr

fdYY;kyk fdrh egRo gksrs gs Yk{kkr ;srs- fdYys gs iz’kklukps o vkliklkP;k lo Z jktdh; o

vkfFkZd O;ogkj pky.;kps fBdk.k gksrs- fdY;kaP;k vk/kkjs f’kokth egkjktkaph LojkT;kph fufeZrh dsys-

LojkT; ok<oys vkf.k ejkB;kaP;k Lora«;k;q/nkP;k dkGkr LojkT;kps j{k.kgh fdY;kaP;kp vk/kkjs dsys

xsys- fdY;kaoj opZLo feGo.ks vkf.k fdYys lqjf{kr jk[k.ks gs R;k dkGkrhy eq[; dke gksrs- Eg.kwup

fdY;kaps cka/kdke fopkjiqoZd] oSf’k‛V;iq.kZ vkf.k HkDde v’kk i/nrhus dsys tkr gksrs- f’kokth

egkjktkaP;k dkGkr R;kauh Lor% LojkT;kph LFkkiuk djrkuk o vkiY;k dkjfdnhZr vusd fdY;kaph

uO;kus cak/k.kh dsyh o dkgh tqU;k i.k egRoiq.kZ fdY;kaph nq:Lrh dsyh ts.ksd:u rs vf/kd etcwr

>kys gksrs- fdY;kaP;k LFkkIkR;kpk vH;kl djrkuk fdY;kaps izdkj] fdY;kaps LFkkiR; vkf.k ;k

LFkkiR;kph oSf’k‛V;s ;kapk vH;kl gksrks-

177

1½fdY;kaps izdkj & f’kodkGkiqohZ dkgh fdYys cka/kysys gksrs- LojkT;kps laj{k.k vkf.k egRo y{kkr

?ksÅu f’kokth egkjktkauh dkgh uohu fdYys cka/kys- LojkT;krhy ,dq.k fdY;kaph la[;k ikgrkuk

rRdkyhu lk/kus y{kkr ?ksryh ikfgtsr- —‛.kkth vuar lHkkln ;kus LojkT;krhy fdY;kaph la[;k

240 brdh fnyh vkgs- ;kiSdh 111 fdYys f’kokth egkjktkauh cka/kys vls R;kus ueqn dsys vkgs-

eYgkj jkejko fpV.khlus fdYY;kaph la[;k 317 v’kh fnyh vkgs rj fp=xqIr c[kjhr ghp la[;k 361

brdh vkgs- i.k ,dq.k bfrgkl ikgrk LojkT;krhy vo?kM o map Mksaxjkoajoj fdYys cka/kysys gksrs-

izR;sd rkyqdk fdYY;k’kh layXUk gksrk vkf.k laiw.kZ LojkT; fdYY;kauh os<ysys gksrs- fdYY;s izdkjke/;s

i. fxjhnqxZ& f’kokth egkjktkauk fxjhnqxkZps egRo pkaxysp ekfgr gksrs LojkT;ke/;s vusd nqxe

vkf.k eksD;kP;k fBdk.kh vl.kkjs Mksaxj gksrs v’kk Mksaxjkaojhy fdYys rkC;kr ?ksÅu vkf.k

vko’;d rsFks uohu cka/kwu fdYY;kaP;k vk/kkjs LojkT; etcwr dsys gksrs- rksj.kk] jktxM]

jk;xM] iqjanj] gfj’kanzxM] lkYgsj] eqYgsj] lkreGk] lTTkuxM] Hkq‛k.kxM] lq/kkxM vls vusd

fdYys ;ke/;s gksrs-

ii. tynqxZ & vkjekj fufeZrh dj.kkÚ;k f’kokth egkjktkauh if’pe fdukjiÍh lqjf{kr jk[k.;klkBh

tynqxkZauk egRo fnys gksrs- ekyo.k toGhy fla/kqnqxZ 1667 e/;s cka/kyk- fla/kqnqxZ gh

f’kokth egkjktkaph lkxjh jkt/kkuhp gksrh- ;kf’kok; in~enqxZ vkf.k [kkansjh fdYys cka/kys-

iii. LFkynqxZ fdaok HkqbZdksV fdYYks& LojkT;kpk foLrkj ln;knzhP;k dMsdikjhr MksaxjkG Hkkxkr

fo‛ks‛kRokus gksrk- i.k la[;us deh vlys rjh HkqbZdksV fdYys vFkkZr tfeuhojhy fdYysgh

gksrs- ;ke/;s vgenuxjpk vkf.k vkf.k uynqxZ & ijkaMk gs egRokps gksrs-

2½ fdY;kaP;k LFkkiR;kph ekfgrh& fdY;kaps LFkkIkR; gs iq<hy dkgh ?kVdkaP;k vk/kkjs tk.kwu ?ksrk

;srs-

1 LFkG %& fdYys gs dks.kR;k fBdk.kh cka/kys tkosr ;kpsgh ‘kkL= gksrs- T;k fBdk.kh vusd jLrs

;sÅu feGrkr v’kk fBdk.kh fdaok O;kikjkP;k dsanzkP;k fBdk.kh] ;q/n’kkL=kP;k n`‛Vhus eksD;kP;k

fBdk.kh] y‛djhn‛V;k jktekxkZoj] ‘kgjkps j{k.k gks.;klkBh ;ksX; tkxh fdYys cka/kysys gksrs- nqjojP;k

izns’kkpss laj{k.k dj.;klkBh HkqbZdksV fdYyk cka/kyk tkr gksrk- f’kodkGkr pkd.kpk HkwbZdksV fdYyk

izfl/n gksrk- lkxjh ljgÌhpk j{k.k dj.;klkBh] unho leqnz ekxkZus gks.kkjk O;kikj lqjf{kr jk[k.;klkBh

tynqxZ cka/kys gksrs- fla/kqnqxZ o in~enqxkZph fBdk.ks ;kp mfÌ‛Vkuh fuf’pr dsysyh gksrh- ykaci;ZarP;k

Hkqizns’kkoj y{k o fu;a=.k Bso.;kP;k mfn‛V;kus lg;kfnzP;k Mksaxjjkaxkar Mksaxjh fdaok fxjhnqxZ cka/kys-

fdYyk dksBs cka/kk;pk gs ikgrkukp R;kaP;k lqjf{krrspkgh fopkj dsyk tkr gksrk- fdYyk HkDde vkf.k

‘k=qyk ftad.;klkBh vo?kM gksbZy v’kk fopkjkauh R;kP;k cka/kdkekr dkgh dr`IR;k okijY;k tkr

gksR;k-

2 [kand o ljG mrj.k& fdY;kP;k lqjf{krrslkBh rVcanh mHkkjyh tkr gksrh- i.k ;k

rVcanhi;Zargh ‘k=qyk ik sgksprk ;sÅ u;s ;klkBh R;kaP;k lHkksorkyh [kand [k.kwu R;kr i.kh lksMys tkr

gksrs- gs [kand [kksy vkf.k :an vlk;ps- T;k fBdk.kh Mksaxjh fdYys gksrs rsFks R;kaP;k lqjf{krrslkBh

ljG mrj.k cka/ksysyh gksrh- v’kh mrj.k cka/krk ;sbZyv’kkp Mksaxjkph fuoM dsyh tkr gksrh- vkf.k

178

r’kh rh ulsy rj —f=efjR;k v’kk mrj.k r;kj dsyh tkr gksrh- jktxM vkf.k flagxM gh v’kk

izdkjph mnkgj.ks gksrh-

3 fdYY;kps izos’kekxZ & fdY;ke/;s lgtklgth izos’k djrk ;s.kkj ukgh v’khjpuk dsyh tkr

gksrh- T;k fdYY;kr izos’k dj.;kpk ekxZ vfr’k; vo?kM] rks fdYyk vf/kd cGdV letyk tkr

gksrk- ;kph mRre mnkgj.ks Eg.kts jk;xM] tho/ku o gfjpanzxM-

4 rVcanh& ‘kgjkaizek.ksp fdYY;kaojgh rVcanh cka/kyh tkr gksrh- gh rVcanh xjtsuqlkj cka/kyh

tkr gksrh- dkgh osGsyk rh QDr nxMkauh cka/kysyh vls rj dkgh osGsyk nxM] foVk pquk ;kapkgh

okij dsyk tkr gksrk- rVcanhyk Bjkfod varjkoj cq:t cka/kysys gksrs- rVcanh gh ,d fdaok vusdgh

cka/kY;k tkr gksR;k- ,d rVcanhyk lekarj v’kk ;k brj rVcan;k vlr- rVcan;k pkaxY;k ykac :an

cka/kY;k tkr- brD;k :an dh R;ko:u ,[kknh cSyxkMhlq/nk tkÅ ‘kdsy- rVcanhyk taX;k gksR;k vkf.k

R;ke/kqu rksQxksGs] ck.k ;kapk o‛kkZo dsyk tkr vls- v’kk izdkjph rVcanh vktgh izrkixMkoj fnlrs-

5 njokts & fdYY;kaps njokts gs fdY;kaP;k LFkkiR;ke/khy egRokps oSf’k‛V; gksrs- dks.kkykgh

lgtk lgth njoktkae/kwu izos’k feG.kkj ukgh v’kk O;oLFkk gksrh- gs njokts v’kk i/nrhu s cka/kysys

gksrs dh] ‘k=qyk ‘kL=kauhlq/nk lgtklgth rs m?kMrk ;sÅ u;sr- gs njokts HkDde v’kk ykdMkps

cuoysys vlwu R;koj eksBeksBkys yks[kaMh f[kGs Bksdys tkr- njoktkP;k j{k.kklkBh igkjsdjh vlwu

R;kaph rsFksp [kksY;k cka/kwu jkg.;kph O;oLFkk dsysyh fnlrs- njokts vusd vlys rjh R;kaph jpuk

v’kk i/nrhus d sysyh gksrh dh ,dk njoktkrwu nqlÚ;k njoktkoj y{k Bsork ;sr gksrs-

6 ik.khiqjoBk & f’kodkyhu fdYY;kaojhy ik.khiqjoBk gk vktgh ,d vH;klkpk egRokpk eqÌk

vkgs- eqGkr fdYkk cka/krkukp R;k fBdk.kh iqjs’kh ik.;kph lks; ikgwu cka/kkok] v’kh Li‛V lwpuk

vKki=kr f’kokth egkjktkauh dsysyh vkgs- fdYy;koj ryko] gkSn cka/kqu ik.;kph O;ofLFkr iqjoBk

gksbZy ;kph O;oLFkk dsyh gksrh- fofgjh [kksnwu R;k O;ofLFkr cka/kysY;k gksR;k- fdYyk nh?kZdkG

y<ok;pk vlsy rj fdYY;krhy yksdkauk rso<k dkG ik.khiqjoBk >kyk ikfgts gs egRokps gksrs- vkf.k

r’kh rjrqn fdYY;kaoj dsysyh fnlwu ;srs- flagxMkojhy nsoVkds gs ;k LFkkiR;kpk ,d mRÑ‛V uequk

vkgs-

7 vUu iqjoBk& ik.;kizek.ksp fdYY;ke/khy yksdkalkBh vUu/kkU;kpk iqjslk lkBk vl.ks vko’;d

gksrs- ;kn`‛Vhus vacj[kkU;ke/;s vUu/kkU;kpk lkBk dsyk tkr gksrk- ;q/nkP;k osGh fdaok fdYY;kyk os<k

iMysyk vlrkuk fdYY;kr ‘kL=kL=s] nk:xksGk ;kapk lkBk dj.;kph lks; gksrh- vlk nk:xksGk

dks.kR;kgh ifjfLFkrhe/;s ‘k=qP;k gkrh ykxw u;s ;klkBh dkgh osGsyk xqgk [kksnwu R;ke/;s lqjf{kr Bsoyk

tkr gksrk-

8 fuoklLFkkus & fdYyk gs iz’kklukps dsanzgh gksrs- R;ke/;s iz’kkldh; vf/kdkÚ;kaph fuoklLFkkus

cka/kyh tkr gksrh- fdYY;ke/;s vf/kdkjh] y‛djh f’kcanh brj j;rsP;k jkg.;kphgh O;oLFkk dsyh tkr

gksrh- ;k yksdkaP;k jkg.;kP;k O;oLFkk xjtsuqlkj fdYY;kP;k osxosxG;k Hkkxkr dsY;k tkr gksR;k-

fdYY;koj jktkps fuOkkLkLFkku vlsy rj rs ek= pqU;kr cka/kys tkr gksrs- vkf.k v’kk izdkjph lwpuk

vkKki=krgh dsysyh gksrh- fdYY;krhy lokZr map Hkkxkyk ckysfdYyk vls uko gksrs- jktk o R;kps

dqVqafc; ;k fBdk.kh jgkr vlr- ckysfdYY;kP;k [kkyP;k cktwyk vf/kdkÚ;kaPkh jkg.;kph lks; dsyh

tkr gksrh- iqjanj o jk;xM ;sFkhy ckysfdYkk izfl/n vkgs-

179

9 vU; cka/kdkes& fdYY;koj ekph] va/kkj dksBMh] dMsyksVkph tkxk ;kgh R;k fdYY;kaph

oSf’k‛V;s gksR;k- ,dq.k ejkBsdkyhu fdYY;kaP;k LFkkIkR;kPkk vH;kl d:u MkW- ekVs ;kauh dkgh fu‛d‛kZ

dk<ysys fnlrkr-

fdYYks LFkkiR;kps fUk‛d‛kZ &

1 ejkB;kaP;k fdYY;kaoj vkt ts vo’ks‛k fnlwu ;srkr R;ko:u ;k fdYY;kps cka/kdke

dj.kkÚ;kauk y‛djh ra=Kku pakxys voxr gksrs vls fnlwu ;srs-

2 ejkB;kauh T;k fBdk.kh fdYys cka/kysys vkgsr R;ko:u R;kauk Yk‛djh n`‛V;k o

HkkSxksfydn`‛V;k egROkkP;k dsanzkaph iw.ki.ks ekfgrh gksrh-

3 ejkB;kauh ts fdYys nq:Lr dsys R;ko:u vls fnlwu ;srs dh] ejkB;kauh T;k lq/kkj.kk dsY;k

R;kr ejkBsiwoZdkyhu fdYyk o ejkBsdkyhu fdYyk ;kaP;ke/;s Qkjlk Qjd fnlr ukgh- R;kaP;ke/;s

dkghgh ukohU; fnlr ukgh-

4 egkjk‛Vªkrhy fdYY;kaP;k cka/k.khpk dky[kaM Bjfor vlrkuk vkiY;kyk okM%e;hu

lanHkZlk/kus o f’kyky s[k ;kaojp voyacwu jgkos ykxrs- ;kckcrhr Lora= ‘kSyh dks.kR;kgh izdkjs enr

djr ukgh-

5 ejkB;kauh fdYykaP;k f’kYidyse/;s dks.krhgh uoh egRokph Hkj ?kkrysyh ukgh-

10-2-4 LFkkiR;dysph oSf’k‛V;s%& f’kodkGkr dykadMs Qkjls y{k nsrk vkys ulys rjh

LojkT;krhy yksdk aph o Hkwizns’kkph lqjf{krrk Eg.kwu LFkkiR;kdMs y{k fnys xsys gksrs- ;k LFkkiR;kPkh

dkgh oSf’k‛V;s fnlrkr-

1 LFkkiR;kojhy /kkfeZd izHkko& f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dkGkrhy LFkkIkR;kaoj /kekZpk izHkko vk<Gwu

;srks- /kekZyk vl.kkjsegRo o R;keqGs eafnj LFkkIkR;kyk feGkysys egRo ;k dkGkr fnlwu ;srs- fofo/k

nso & nsorkaph eafnjs R;klkBh dsysyk [kpZ] R;kdMs iqjoysys Yk{k ;kph lkFk nsrs- nsoGkacjkscjp /kkfeZd

ÑR;kalkBh cka/kysyh /keZ’kkGk] ?kkV] dqaM] eB ;kapsgh egRo ;k dkGkps oSf’k‛V;s gksrs-

2 lqjf{krrk o laj{k.k& f’kodkGkrhy LFkkiR;ke/;s lqjf{krrk o laj{k.k gs egRokps eqÌs gksrs-

Eg.kwup cka/kdkeke/;s nxMkapk] rVcanhpk okij d:u cka/kdke dsysys fnlrs- ts.ks d:u rs lgth

‘k=qP;k Hk{kLFkkuh iM.kkj ukgh-

3 eqLyhe ‘kSyhpk izHkko& f’kodkGkr fuekZ.k >kysY;k LFkkiR;kaoj eqLyhe LFkkiR; ‘kSyhpk izHkko

fnlwu ;srks- e/;;qxhu dkGkr ;knok auarj ;sFks eqfLye jkts’kkg;kapk izHkko gksrk- f’kok; R;k dkGkr

iBk.kh o eq?ky ‘kSyhps LFkkiR;gh izpfyr gksrs- R;keqGs f’kodkGkrhy LFkkIkR;koj eqLyhe ‘kSyhpk

ifj.kke uDdhp tk.korks-

4 lk/ksi.kk o dykdqljhpk vHkko & ejkB;kauh dsysyh LFkkiR; gh lk/ksi.kk vf/kd vl.kkjh

gksrh- R;ke/;s Qkj dykdqlj fnlr ukgh- jktLFkkuh jktokM;kaizek.ks ;sFks fp=dyk] dksjhodke] jaxhr

dykdqlj vk<Gwu ;sr ukgh- HkDdei.k o lqjf{krrk gsp mÌs’k vlY;keqGs uktwdi.kk ;k LFkkiR;ke/;s

180

ukgh- dkgh fBdk.kh eafnjkaP;k fHkarhoj o dGlkaoj u{khdke dysys gksrs- fdYY;kaps njoktkaoj dkgh

dksjhodke dsysys gh vk<Grs- i.k ;ke/;s /kkfeZd fpUgkapk Hkkx eksBk vkgs-

v’kk izdkjs f’kodkGkrhy LFkkiR;s vusd vlyh rjh eafnjs x<ho fdYys ;k egRokP;k LFkkiR;kapk

vH;kl ;sFks dsyk vkgs- f’kokth egkjktkaP;k dkGkrhy /kkfeZd] lkekftd] vkf.k jktdh; ifjfLFkrhpk

;k LFkkiR;koj eksBk izHkko vk<Gwu ;srks-

ljkoklkBh iz’u

1- f’kodkyhu LFkkiR;kph ekfgrh fygk-

2- f’kodkyhu LFkkiR;kph oSf’k‛V;s fygk-

3- f’kodkyhu fdYY;kaP;k LFkkiR;kph ekfgrh fygk

fVik fygk

1- f’kodkyhu dykaps

2- f’kodkyhu eafnj LFkkiR;

3- f’kodkyhu x<hph jpuk

4- f’kodkyhu fdYY;kaP;k LFkkiR;kphoSf’k‛V;s

5- f’kodkyhu fdYY;kaP;k LFkkiR;ke/;s izos’k}kj vkf.k rVcanhph jpuk-

vf/kd okpuklkBh iqLrds

1- v=s f=a- uk-] xkoxkMk]

2- dqyd.khZ v- jk-] MkW- ns’kikaMs iz- u-] ejkB;kapk bfrgkl Hkkx ifgyk]

3- dqyd.khZ v- jk-] [kjs x- g- (laik-)] ejkB;kapk bfrgkl [kaM 1] 4-fpV.khl d`- uk- e/;;qxhu Hkkjrh; ladYiuk o laLFkk-

5- ns’keq[k ‘kkjnk]f’ko’kkghrhy o is’kokbZrhy L=hthou]

6- ljnslkbZ ch- ,u] ejkB;kapk lkekftd]vkfFkZd o lkaLd`frd bfrgkl]

7- ljnslkbZ xksfoan l[kkjke] ejkBh fj;klr [kaM 1]

8- esganGs xtkuu HkkLdj] Jh jktk f’koN=irh Hkkx 1]