India: Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2007

INCCA Indian Network for Climate Change Assessment

Ministry of Environment and ForestsGovernment of India May 2010

India: Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2007

INCCA Indian Network for Climate Change Assessment

May 2010Ministry of Environment and ForestsGovernment of India

May 2010

Copy editing, layout and design: Ministry of Environment and Forests

Printed at: Print Process

Foreword ...........................................................................................................................................................

Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................ i - ix

1. Context and Relevance .............................................................................................................................. 1

2. Climate Change Assessments in India ..................................................................................................... 2

3. Indian Network for Climate Change Assessment.................................................................................... 4

4. Greenhouse gas estimation - 2007 ........................................................................................................... 8

4.1 Coverage ......................................................................................................................................................... 8

4.2 Methodology, Activity data and Emission factors .................................................................................... 10

5. Energy ......................................................................................................................................................... 12

5.1 Methodology and Choice of Emission Factors ......................................................................................... 12

5.2 Overview of GHG Emissions from the Energy Sector ............................................................................ 13

5.3 Electricity Generation .................................................................................................................................... 13

5.4 Petroleum Refining and Solid Fuel Manufacturing .................................................................................. 14

5.5 Transport .......................................................................................................................................................... 14

5.6 Residential / Commercial and Agriculture / Fisheries ............................................................................. 15

5.7 Fugitive Emissions .......................................................................................................................................... 16

6. Industry ...................................................................................................................................................... 17

6.1 Methodology and Choice of Emission Factors ......................................................................................... 17

6.2 Overview of GHG Emissions from Industry ............................................................................................. 17

6.3 Minerals ........................................................................................................................................................... 19

6.4 Chemicals ........................................................................................................................................................ 20

6.5 Metals .............................................................................................................................................................. 20

6.6 Other Industries ............................................................................................................................................. 20

6.7 Non energy product use .............................................................................................................................. 20

6.8 A Desciption of Fossil Fule and Process Based Emissions ...................................................................... 20

7. Agriculture ................................................................................................................................................. 22

7.1 Overview of the Agriculture sector emissions ......................................................................................... 22

7.2 Enteric Fermentation ..................................................................................................................................... 23

7.3 Manure management ................................................................................................................................... 24

7.4 Rice Paddy cultivation ................................................................................................................................... 25

7.5 Agriculture soils .............................................................................................................................................. 26

7.6 Burning of Crop residue ............................................................................................................................... 27

Contents

8. Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry ............................................................................................... 28

8.1 Methodology GPG Approach ................................................................................................................. 28

8.2 estimating carbon stock changes ................................................................................................................ 29

8.3 Inventory Estimation ...................................................................................................................................... 30

8.4 Land use change matrix ................................................................................................................................ 31

8.5 Area under forests ......................................................................................................................................... 32

8.6 Carbon stock change in forest lands .......................................................................................................... 34

8.7 CO2 emissions and removal from non-forest land categories ............................................................... 34

8.8 Net GHG removal from LULUCF sector ................................................................................................... 36

9. Waste .......................................................................................................................................................... 38

9.1 Summary of GHG emissions from waste .................................................................................................. 38

9.2 Municipal Solid Waste .................................................................................................................................. 38

9.3 Waste water treatment and disposal .......................................................................................................... 40

10. Greenhouse Gas Emission Profile: Key Features .................................................................................... 43

10.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................................... 43

10.2 Gas by Gas Emissions ................................................................................................................................... 43

10.3 Sectoral Emissions .......................................................................................................................................... 43

10.4 Comparison with 1994 GHG inventory .................................................................................................... 47

10.5 Per capita emissions ...................................................................................................................................... 48

11. Future Perspective ..................................................................................................................................... 51

11.1 Riding the Tier ladder .................................................................................................................................... 51

11.2 Capacity building ........................................................................................................................................... 54

Annexures

1. Sources of Activity Data ......................................................................................................................................... 55

2. References ................................................................................................................................................................ 57

3. Scientists/ Experts - India : Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2007 ......................................................................... 59

4. INCCA Institutions ................................................................................................................................................... 61

5. Glossary of Key Terms .............................................................